..

GATE
Mathematics
Solved Paper 2013
Time :3hrs MM:100

Read the following instructions carefully

1. All questions in this paper are of objective type.
2. There is a total of 65 questions carrying 100 marks,
3. Questions 1 to 25 will cany 1 mark each and questions 26 to 55 will carry 2 marks each.
4. Questions 48 to 51 (2 pairs) are common data questions and questions pairs 52, 53, 54 and 55 are linked answer type
questions. The answer to the second quesuon of the linked answer type questions depend on the answer to the first
question of the pair. If the first question in the linked pair is wrongly answered or is unattempted. then the answer to the
second question in the pair will not be evaluated.
5. Questions 56 to 65 belong to General Aptitude (GA) type Questions 56 to 60 will carry 1 marl< each and questions 61 to
65 will cany 2 marks each.
6. Unattempted questions will cany zero mark
7. Wrong answers will cany negative marks. For questions 1 to 25 and 56 to 60, 1 /3 mark will be deducted for each wrong
answer, For questions 26 to 51 and 61 to 65, 2/3 mark will be deducted for each wrong answer. The question pairs
(questions 52 and 53) and (questions 54 and 55) are questions with linked answer. There will be negative marks only for
_wrong answer to the first question of the linked answer type question pair i.e., for questions 52 and 54, 2/3 mark will be
deducted for each wrong answer. There is no negative marking for questions 53 and 55.

(1 Mark Questions) • 3. Consider R2 with the usual topology.

~ The possible set of eigen values of a 4 x 4 Which of the following statements are true for all
skew-symmetric orthogonal real matrix is A, B ,;;;R2?
(a) (± ii (b) [± i, ± 1) P.AuB=AuB
(c) ( ± 11 (d) [O. ± i) =A ri.B
Q. A rtB
df The coefficient of (z -1t)2 in the Taylor series R. (AuB)"=A0C:.B•
expansion of S. (AriB)"=A riB
(a) P and R (b) P and S
f (z) = {:~: • if (c) Q and R (d) Q and S
-1, if z= 1t
At f: R ~ R be a continuous y.mction with
around 1t is J,
f(l) = 5 and {(3) ell. If g(:x:) = f(:x; + t)dt, then
1
(a).!. (b)-.!. g'(O) is equal to
2 2
(a)o (b)6
(c).!. (d)-l (c) 8 (d) 14
6 6
4 I GA TE Solved Paper • Mathematics SolvedPaper 2013 I 5

JItr Let P be. a 2 x 2 complex matrix such that

(P) =1 and det (P) = - 6. Then, tr (p4 - p3) is
~12. Let f be an entire function on C such that
lf(z) I~ 100 log I z I for each z with iz I ~ 2. If
~ch
(a) C(x)/(x2
of the following
+ 2)
is a field? (2 Marks Questions) .
equal to f(i) = 2i, then f(ll must be (b) Z(x)/(x2 + 2) ~ V be the real vector space of all polynomials
(a) 75 (b) 78 (c) 80 (d) 85 (a) 2 (c) Q(x)/(x2 -2) in one variable with real coefficients and having
degree atmost 20. Define the subspaces
.,£:' Suppose that R is a unique factorisation domain (b) 2i (d) R(x)/(x2 - 2)

and that a, b e R are distinct irreducible elements.

Which of the following statements is true?
(c) i
(d) Cannot be determined
20. Let
•
x0 = 0. Define xn+i= cos Xn for every n ~ 0. W1= {pe V: p(ll = o, PG)= O,p(5) = o, p(7) = o}
Then,
(a) The ideal (1 + a) is a prime ideal
(b) The ideal (a+ b) is a prime ideal
J,31 The number of group homomorphisms from Z 3 ~ (a) {xnl is increasing and convergent W2 ={pe V:p(~)=O, p(3) =0,p(4)=0, p(7)=0}
Z9 is (b) {xnl is decreasing and convergent
(c) The ideal (1 + ab) is a prime ideal
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) {xnl is convergent and ><2n < lim ..... _ Xm < X2n+i for Then, the dimension of W1 n W2 is
ltd} The ideal (a) is not necessarily a maximal ideal everyn EN
(c) 3 (d) 6 (a) 16 (b) 17
7. Let X be a compact Hausdorff topological space (d) [xnl is not convergent
(c) 15· (d) 19
and Y be a topological space. Let f : X ~ Y be a 14-:i Let u (x, t) be the solution to the wave equation
bijective continuous maping. Which of the V --(x,a2u t) = -(x, a2u .;,{ Let C be the contour = 2 oriented in the /z / J,il Let f,g: [0,1] ~ R be defined by
t), u (x,O) = cos (5ru::) and anti-cloc~31 direction. The value of the
following statements is true? ax• at2 ' integral f eze' z dz is f(x)={x, if x=;forneN
(a) f is a closed map but not necessarily an open map
au (a)3xi (b)S1ti
at (x ' O) = 0.
(b) f is an open map but not necessarily a closed map Then, the value of u(l,1) is 0, otherwise
(c) f is both an open map and a colsed map
( d) f need not be an open map or a closed map (a) 1
(c) 3
(b) 2
(d) 4
(c) 7xi (d) 91ti

,·22. For each J.. > 0, let X, be a random variable with and g (x) = {I, if x e Q n [O, 1]
0 , otherwise.
.;i'. Consider the linear programming problem ~ sin(nx) .
exponential density J..e->.. on (0, ~). Then,
Maximise 3+~ y fi Let f(x) = k--2-. Then, Var(log X,) Then,
2 I •=l n (a) is strictly increasing in ;. (a) Both f and g are Riemann integrable
subject to constraints 2x + 3y.,; 16 , ..Ja) limH0 f(x)=O (b) is strictly decreasing in ;. (b) f is Riemann integrable and g is Lebesgue integrable
( c) does not depend on ;. (c) gis Riemann integrable and f is Lebesgue intergrable
x + 4y s 18 and x?: 0, y ?: 0 (b) lim,~0 f(x) =1
lt2 (d) first increases and then decreases in;. (d) Neither f nor g is Riemann integrable
If S denotes the set of all solutions of the above (c) limH0 f(x)= 6
problem, then 23. Let {an} be the sequence of consecutive positive ~onsider the following linear programming
(a) Sis empty (b) Sis a singleton (d) lim,~0 f(x) does not exist solutions of the equation tan x = x and lbnl be problem
(c) Sis a line segment (d) S has positive area the sequence of consecutive positive solutions of Maximize x + 3y + 6z - w
16. Suppose Xis a random variable with p
= (1- p)1 p fork e {0, L 2, ... ) and some
(X = k)
p e (0,
the equation tan = x. Then, .Jx subject to constraints 5x + y + 6z + 7w s 20;
Y.Wbich of the following groups has a proper - 1 - 1
1). For the hypothesis testing problem (a) I, - converges but I, - diverges 6x + 2y + 2z + 9w S 40
subgroup that is not cyclic?
1 1 n-1 a, n.,b,,
(a) Z,5 x Z77 (b) S3 H0:p=2H1:p;,,2 and x~O,y~O,z~O,w~O.
- 1 - 1
(c)(Z,+) ~)(Q,+) (b) I, - diverges but I, - converges Then, the optimal value is
Consider the test "Reject H0, if X ~ A or if n.,a,, n.,b,,
JO· The value of the integral J; r(;) e-' dydx is 12 X ~ B", where A< B are given positive integers.
The type I error of this test is (c) Both I,- -1 and I,- -1 converge
(a)90
) 70
(b) 60
(d) 80
n ... 1an n :c1bn
~ 3 (b)2 (c) 1 (d)4 (a)1 + 2-8 -2-A uppose X is a real valued random variable.
(b) 1- 2-8 + 2-A - 1 - 1 Which of the following values cannot be attained
# Suppose the random variable U has uniform
(d) Both I, - and I, - diverge
by E [X] and ELX'l, respectively?
(C) 1 + 2-8 -2-A-l n=18n """1.q.,
distribution on (0,1) and X = - 2log U. The (d) 1 - 2-8 + TA-i (a) O and 1 (b) 2 and 3
density of X is
(a) f(x) = {e-•, if x >0
_j7. Let G be a group of order 231. The number of fa. Let f be an analyticfunction on (c) .! and.!
2 3
(d) 2 and 5
O, otherwise Y elements of order 11 in G is D= {z e C:I zi S l}D={z e C :I z/s ]}.Assume that
(a) 11 (b) 12 jf (z) IS 1 for each z e 15. Then, which of the 30. Which of the following subsets of R2 is not
(b) f(x) = {2e-'. if x >0 (c) 10 (d) 13 IJ compact?
O, otherwise following is not a possible value of (e'l'' (O)?
(a) ((x,y) E R2:-1 :S x :S1.y = sinx}
18. Let f: R2 ~ R2be definedby f(x,y) = (e" ', e'-'). (a)2 (b)6
(b) [(x,y) eR2:-1 s y :S1,y =x8- x3-1}
1 2.
(c) f(x) = -2 e 2. if x >o '9 The area of the image of the region (c) ~ e
119
(d) ..f2 + i-./2 (c) {(x,y) e R2:y = O, sin(e-•) = O}
{
~. otherwise {(x, y) e R2 :0< z, y < 1} under the mapping f is
Th: number
£._ order of non-isomorphic abelian groups of
(d) {<x.y) eR2: x >0, y =sin(-;-)}
(d) f(x)={i· if xe(0,2)
(a) 1 (b) e-1
,!!' 24 is
O, otherwise (c) e2 (d) e, .!
. e n{(x.y)eR2 X>O,y=-;}
(a) 2 (b) 1
(c) 3 (d) 4
6 I GA TE Solved Paper • Mathematics I 7
. - Solved Paper 2013

.,./fLet M be the real vector space of 2 x 3 matrices 37. The image of the region 44. Which of the following statements are true? 49. Which of the following is false?
v· ~th real entries. Let T : M~ M be defined by • {z eC:Re(z)>lm (z) >O} P. If f e L1 ( R), then f is continuous. (a).c00 ,.N
under the mapping z ~ e'2 is Q. If f e L1iR) and liml ,J~ _ f(x) exists, then the (b) N is closed
limit is zero. (c) c00 is not a complete inner product space
(a)lw e C:Re (w)> O, Im (w) >O)
R. If f e L1 (R), then f is bounded. (d) c00 =NEB N1
The determinant of T is (b){weC:Re(w)>O,lm(w) >D,lwl>1)
S. If f e L1 (R) is uniformly continuous, then
(a)-1 (b)-2 (c) --3 (d)-4 (c) {w eC:I wl>1) Common Data Questions 50 and 51
lim1 r I~ _ f(x) exists and equals to zero.
(d)lw e C:lm (w) > 0, I w] >1) let X1, X,, ... , Xn be an i.i.d. random sample from
32. Let H be a Hilbert space and {e.: n 2: 1} be an (a) Q and S (b) P and R (c) P and Q (d) Rand S
orthonormal basis of H. Suppose T : H ~ H is a 38. Which of the following groups contains a unique exponential distribution with mean µ. In other words,
bounded linear operator. Which of the following • normal subgroup of order four? 45. Let u be f real valued harmonic function on C. they have density
Let g : R ~ R be defined by 2..-,,,
cannot be true? (a) Z2 EB z.
r2x ·e f(x) = µ if x > 0 }
(a) T(en) ,.e, for all n 2:1 (b) The dihedral group, 04 of order eight g(x, y) = Jou [Ce' (x + iy)]sin0 de.
(b) T(en) =en+l for all n 21 (c) The quaternion group, 08
{ 0, otherwise
Which of the following statements is true?
/'!~(d) Z2 EB Z2 EB Z2
(c)T(en)=~ tor au n zt (a) g is a harmonic polynomial ~ Which of the following is not an unbiased
' -39. i,et B be a real symmetric positive definite n x n (b) g is a polynomial but not harmonic , estimate of µ?
(d) T (en)= en_, for all n 2: 2 and T (e,) = 0 ~atrix. Consider the inner product on R"
(c) g is harmonic but not a polynomial (a)X,
2-n.z defined by (X, Y) = Y' BX. Let A ·be a:n n x n real
matrix and let T: R·~ Rn be the linear operator (c) g is neither harmonic nor a polynomial
33. The value of lim ---- is (b)-1-(X2+X3 + .. +Xn)
k-+""' f 2-K2 defined by T (X) = AX for all Xe R". If S is the
adjoint of T, then S (X) = CX for all Xe R", 46. Let 8= { z e C: lz I= 1} with the induced topology
n-1
(c;) n [min {X1, X2, .. , Xn}l
k""n.+l
where C is the matrix from C and let f : 0, 2 L J~
S be defined as (d) 2.n max {X,, X2, .. , Xn}
(a)O.- (b) some c e (0. 1) (a) ET1 A1 B (b) B A1 ET1 f (t) = e2' ", Then, which of the following is true?
r;:, (c) 1 (d)~ (c) ET1 AB (d) A1 (a) K is closed in [O, 2] => f (K) is closed in S , 51. Consider the problem of estimatingµ. the MSE
l~ Let f: C {3i} ~ C be defined by f (z) = _z - i . (b) U is open in [O, 2] => f(U) is open in S (Mean Square Error) of the estimate
v.. iz+3
~Let X be an arbitrary random variable that takes
values in {0, l, ... , 10}. The rrnrumum and (c) f(X) is closed in S =>Xis closed in [O, 2] _ X, + X2 + ... + X •.
Which of the following statements about f is mrutimum possible values of the variance of X are (d) f(Y) is open in S => Y is open in [O. 2] T(X) - lS
false? n+l
(a) f is conformal on C {3i)
(a) O and 30 (b) 1 and 30 .,5F. Assume that all the zeroes of the polynomial
(c) O and 25 (d) 1 and 25 a .x" + an-t..t'n-l + ... + a1x + a0
11 have negative (a)µ2 (b)-l-µ2
_(b) f maps circles in C {3iJ onto circles in C n+1
real parts. If u (t) is any solution to the ordinary
'(c} All thefixed points of f are in the region
· [z e C:lm (z) >DJ
(d) There is no straight line in C {3 i) which is mapped
onto a straight line in C by f 1 t M be the space of all 4 x 3 matrices with
tries in the finite field of three elements. Taen,
e number of matrices of rank three in M is
(a)(34-3)(34 -32)(34-33)
differential equation
d"u d•-1u
a. dt" + a •. , dt•-•
du
+ ... +a, dt + aou = 0,
Linked Answer Questions 52 and 53
( d) n2
(n +1)2 µ
2

JS· The matrix A=[~ ~ !] can be decomposed . (\

(b)(34-1)(34-2)(34-3)
(c) (34-1)(34-3)(34-32)
(d) 34(34 -1)(34 -2)
:J,t. \Let V be a vectror space of dimension m 2: 2. Let
then ~ _ u (t) is equal to
(a)O (b)1 (c)n-1 (d)=
let X =((x, y)eR2 :x2 + y' =ll
u ([-1,] x{O} u ((O} x f-1, ])
let n0 = max {k : k <=,there are k distinct points
Common Data Questions 48 and 49

["~i :: :J .
uniquely into the product A= LU, P,, ... , Pk) e X such that X\{P, , ... , p.} is connected.
- Ir : V1 ~V be _ll linear transformation such that
Let c00 be_ the vector space of all complex sequence
JT" • = O and T" ,. 0 for some n 2: L Then, which
where L = [ 1~
131 [32
1 ~
O
~l~J and U =
O U33
of the following is necessarily true?
(a) Rank (T") s Nullity (T") (b) tr (T),. 0
havmg fm,tely many no~zero terms. Equip c 00 with
the inner product (x, y) Lxn yn for all x = (xn) and
~The
(a) 4
(b) 6
value of n0 is

n=l
(c) Tis diagonalisable (d) n = m
The solution of the system LX = [1 2 2]' is
(a)[111r (b)[110f 43. Let X be a convex region in the plane bounded by
y = (yn) in c00• Define f :c00 ~ C by f(x) = f .' _n, _
n=1
(c) 2
(d)8
(c) [011r (d) [101f straight lines. Let X have 7 vertices. Suppose
f(x, y) = ax + by + c has maximum value M and let N be the kernel of f. .)-3. Let Oq, , ... , Q,0 + 1 be n0 + 1 distinct points and

~ Let S {xiERx2:0, Jt[n < ee }· Then, the minimum value N on X and N < M. Let
S = {P: Pisa vertex of X and N < f (Fi< M)}- If S
48. Which of the following is false?
(a) f is a continuous linear functional
Y=X\{q,, ... ,q.0,1). Let m be the number of
connected components of Y. The maximum
has n elements, then which of the following possible value of m is
supremumof S is
statements is true? (b)jfj,;;* (a) 8
(a) 1 (b).!. (a) n cannot be 5 (b)ncanbe2 (b) 7
I} ( c) There does not exist any y e x c00 such that
(d)- (c) n cannot be 3 (d) n can be 4 f(x) = (x, y) for all x e c00
(c)5
(b)O
(d)N1,.N{O} (d) 6
 8 / GATE Solved Paper • Mathematics

Linked Answer Questions 54 and 55 (2 Marks Questions)

Let W(y1, y 2) be the wronskian of two linearly
independent solutions y1 and y 2 cf the equation y., ../1X and Y are two positivereal numbers such that
Answer with Solutions
v" + p(x) y'+ Q(x)y = 0. 2X + Y :s; 6 and X + 2Y S 8. For which of the
following values of (X, Y) the function
~ The product W(yi, y2) P (x) equals to f(X, Y) = 3X + 6Y will give maximum value? 1. (a) We know that the eigen values of skew symmetric
-2 cos z + 2z sinz + 2zsin z + z2cos z
(a) Y; Y2 - y;y; (b) Y,Y:, - Y2Y1 (a) (4/3, 10/3) (b) (8/3, 20/3)
matrix are either imaginary number or zero and that
of orthogonal matrix are unit modulus real or + r2 cos z -2r sinz -2rsin z-2rz cos z
(c) (8/3, 10/3) (d) (4/3, 20/3) = lim
(c) y,y; - .V:,y1 (d) .V:,Yi'- y'.Y, imaginary number shown below.
~- If y1 = e2" and y2 = xe2", then the value of P (0) is J2. If I 4X -
(a) 2, 1/3
71 = 5, then the values of 2 IX]
(bl 1/2. 3
- f- X] is Imaginaryaxis
3
6

· (a)4 (b)-4 1
(c) 3/2, 9 (d) 2/3, 9
(c) 2 (d)-2 :. Coefficient of (z- r)2 = f''(r) = 2 x 2=2
~ Following table provides figures (in ?) on annual 21 2 3 6
General Aptitude (GA) Questions expenditure of a firm for two years 2010 and 3. (b) Since, A r, 8 c A and A r, 8 c 8
2011. Orthogonal matrix (Ar,8)0cA0
(1 Myk Questions) -1
j "/~ . q-.~~ k,s11 ·, and (Ar, 8)0 c 8° (·:Ac 8 => A° c 8°)
I
~ A number is as much greater than 75 as it 18 "I
Raw material 5200 6240 (Ar, 8)0 c A0 r, 8°
smaller than 117. The number is So, the eigen values of 4 x 4 skew symmetric Hence, Statement S is true
(a) 91 (b) 93 Power and fuel 7000 9450 orthogonal matrix are (± i).
Next, since A r, 8 c A and A r, 8 c 8
(c) 89 (d) 96 Selaiy and WSl)eS 9000 12600 2. (c) Taylor's expression for f (z) around z= r is
Therefore, A r, B c A and A r, 8 c B
The professor ordered to the students to go Plant and machinery 20000 25000 f (Z)=f (r)+
f' (r) r : (r)
5 7•
I I ill Advertising 15000 19500
11(z-r)+21(z- r)2 + ... Hence, A r, B c Ar, B
out of the class Coefficient of (z - r)2 = f" (r) Again, A c A u 8 and 8 c A u 8 implies that
Research and Development 22000 26400
2! A cA uB and B cA u8 and consequently.
IV
In 2011, which of the following two categories Now, f'(z)= (z- r) (cos z-sin z) Au8cAu8 (i)
Which of the above underlined parts of the
have registered increase by same percentage? (z-r)2
sentence is grammatically incorrect? Also, Ac A and 8 c B
(a) Raw material and salary and wages and
(a) I (b) II => Au8cAu8
(b) Salary and wages and advertising
(c) Ill (d) IV -z2 sinz- r2 sinz +2r zsinz-2zcos z]
(c) Power and fuel and advertising [ Thus. A u B is a closed set (being union of- two
58. Which of the following options is the closest in ( d) Raw material and research and development f"(z) = +2rcosz+2 sinz
closed sets) containing Au 8. Since, A u 8 is
meaning to the word given below? (z- ,)3
64. A firm is selling its product the smallest closed ~et c_C?_ntaining, then
Primeval
(a) Modern (b) Historic
f 60 per unit. The
total cost of production is noo and firm is - z2 sin z- r sinz + 2rzsinz-2zcos z]
2 A u B c A u 8 . ,(ii)
earning total profit of, 500. Later, the total cost f"(r) = lim ..._ +:;2=:r_:c:.:o:.:s_:z_:+_:2~si:.:n.'.:z.l. From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we have
(c) Primitive (d)Antique increased by 30%. By what percentage the price ,_,, (z-r)3
Au8=Au8
59. Friendship, no matter how __ it is, has its should be increased to maintained the same
limitations. profit level?
W5% ~10%
rnform) 4. (b) Consider the function f: R-> R is given by
f(x)=3x+2, V x e R
(a) cordial
(b) intimate (c) 15% (d) 30% = lim [-z2cosz-r2cosz+2rzcosz] Then, f is continuous and
2 3(Z-r)'
(c) secret ,.r;(fAbhishek is elder to Savar. r f(l ) = 3 x 1 + 2 = 5
) pleasant J. Savar is younger to Anshul.
(L' Hospital rule rn form) ((3) = 3 x 3 + 2 = 11

elect the pair that best expresses a relationship

similar to that expressed in the pair.
Which of the given conclusions is logically valid
and is inferred from the above statements.?
Therefore, g(x) = J: f(x + t) cit

Medicine Health
(a) Abhishek is elder to Anshul
(b) Anshul is elder to Abhishek [
- 2z cos z + z2 sin z + r2 sin z ] = J, [3 (x + '.) + 2)dt
3
= lim +2rcosz-2r zsinz
(a) Science Experiment
=r3~+f +2/r
(c) Abhishek and Anshul are of the· same age 6 (z- r)
(b)Wealth Peace (d) No conclusion follows
(c) Education Knowledge ..-
(d) Money Happiness (L' hospital rule) rn form) = 9x+ ~+6-3x-2-2=6x+
2 2
8
So, g'(x)=6
g'(0)=6
10 I GATE Solved Paper • Mathematics Solved Paper 2013 I 11
ilu Now, f(O,O)=(eO•O,e0-0)={1.1)
s. (bl Consider the matrix, at(x,0)=0
f(1.0)={e1•0• e'-0)={e,e)
Here, f(x) = cos (51tX)
P=[~ ~] g(xl= O,c =1
f{1.1)=(e1•1, e'-'l = (e2.1)

Then, IPI = -6 and tr (Pl= 1 u {x,tl=2[f(x+ctl+

1
f(x-ct)] f{O. 1l = {e0•
1,e0- ')= (e. ;)

Now, p2 = [~ ~] [~ ~] 1Jx~ct
+ 2c x-ct g{~)dl;
19. (c) Since, ideal< x2 -2 > is maximal ideal in Q[xJ
Q(x) .
1 . Hence, -2-- ISfield.
=[: ~] =
2[f(x+t)
1
+ f{x-t)J
20. (c)
(x -2)

2
= [cos Sit {x+t) +cos 51t {x-t)]
P"=pi.p=[: ~][~ ~] Hence, shaded region is feasible region. 1
21. (d) Let I= tze312dz
2
rs 14J
"'L21 13
The point of intersection of line 2x + 3y = 16 and
x+4y=18 is 8=(2,4l.
u{1.1)= [cos101t+cosO]

1 1
The function ze312 is analytic in the circle I z I= 1
except at z = 0.
3
2
= [1+cos10Jt] 2
= (1+1]=1 .-. By the Residue theorem,
p'=P"·P[~ ~:][~ ~]=[: :] Now, (Zlco.oJ = O+
2-
3
0= 0
15'. (a)
[
sin {nx)I s __!_
n2 n2
tze312ciz=2n:i (R)
where, R is the residue of the function at z= o
Then
'
P' _pa= [42 26]-[6 141
39 55 21 13J
(ZlcaoJ = 8+
2-0=
3
8
Let mn=71
1
Now. ze312=z(1+~+~+~+ ... )
Zea•> =2 +2- 4= a z 2z2 6z3

=[: ::] 3 18
(Zl( 18)=0+-x-=-
o.4 2 4
27
4
Now,
n=1
I,Mn is convergent. =Z+3+
9
2z y·
.-. tr(p'-P"l = 36 + 42 =78

6. (d) Consider unique factonsalion domain Z[x] and

Therefore, the set S of all solutions is line BC. =>
n=
f sinn
1
~nx) is uniformly convergent
.-. Residue = ~
2
which is a line segment
x e Z[xJ The idsal c ,o, Is a prime ideal in Z[x]but
9. (d) (0. +l has no proper cyclic subgroup.
=> Limit of sum= Sum of limits =- 1=211im=911i
not a maximal ideal in Z [xi To verify this, we begin

J; rG)e Now, f (x) = lim sin (nx)

with the observation that 22. (c)
10. (b) Let I= -,12 !1;dx K-+ 0 n2
< x> = {f(xl e Z[x]/ f(Ol = O} 23. (b) For the equation tan x = x, the first solution lies
lim f {x) = O
Thus, if g(xl h(xl e < x>, then g(Ol h(Ol = 0 and Changing the order of integration, we get 16. (a)
..... 0
between ( 0, f} the second between (r/z' .rlz + 2r)
since g(O) and h(O) are integers, we have g(Ol = O
orh(Ol=O. I= r f .ly ,
0 0
c-rt2J dxc1; 17. {c) We have, O(Gl=231 and so on.
=3x7x11
Hence,< x> is prime ideal in Z[xJ
But<x>c<~cZ[xJ = rO
!e(-y/2) (xt c1;
y
So. number of elements of order 11 in G
=~11)=10
Thus, we have an <--(2nr.2nr+g)

Hence,< x> need not be maximal ideal in Z[xJ => 2nr< an< (2n + 1) ~
7. (d) Let X be a compact Hansderff topological space
= J; e-rt2c1; 18. {d) Let f :R2-+ R2 be defined by
=> __!__ < __!_ < __ 1 _
2
and let Y be a topological space. Let f : X -+ Y be a f(x. y) = {e" r,e•-Y)
= (- 2l[e -yt2Ii 2nr an (2n +1) ~
bijective continuous mapping. Then, f need not be
The region {{x, yl e R2: 0< x y-c 1} is as follows 2
an open map or a closed map. = (-2)(0-1) =2
i,1 ..
8. (cl Given linear programming problem maximise 11. {c) Now , .£... - 1s divergent.
3 "" 12nr
Z=X+2y 12. (b)

Subject to constraints
13. (c) Toe number of group homomorphisms from Z3 to
Z9 is equal to GCD (3, 9l = 3.
C(0,1)
:. By comparison test
n•
f __!_
1 an
is divergent.

2x + sys 16
14. (a) Given wave equation is -1 0 (0, 0) A(1, 0) 2
x+4ys18
ifu a2u
x2:0,y2:0 ax2 {x,t) = ilt2 {x,t) -1

whose graph is as follows 1 1

--<-<----
u;(x. O) = cos (51tXl 2 .
4n2r2 b; (
2n +-
1 )2 r2
2

- -- --------- ......--
12 J GATE Solved Paper • Mathematics
Solved Paper 201 3 I 13

- 1 - 1 f
X=1 1 C;
, 3 6 -1 0 0
Now, both I, ------,-,- and I,
2 1) x=1/2

!"
2
Basic variable x. c. x y z w s, s,
n=,4nr n=1( n+-
2
r2 Then, f(x) = 1~3 X=1/3
s, 20 0 5 , 6 7 1 0 20
-
6
are convergent. s, 40 0 6 2 2 9 0 1 20
Thus, the given function f is discontinuous at the
:. By comparisontest I,_..!_ is convergent . 1 1
points t2.3 ....
z, -1 -3 -6i 1 0 0
n= 1bn
z 20 6 5 1 1 7 ! 0 20
24 (b) (e1)'' (0) = E' (O)[(f"
Lety= lf(O)I.
(0) + f'(0)2)] Further, the above set of points of discontinuityof f
has only one limit point viz. 0, Hence, f is Riemann S2
6
100 0
6
13
6
~ 0
6
20
6
, 1 20

Then. I f(O) I s 1- y2 by Schwarz-Picktheorem

integrable 3 3 3 3 3 .....
Let P={a=X0,x1,••. ,X;_1,X;,···,Xn=b} be any zi-ci 4 -2i 0 8 1 0

and lf"(OJ I= f,[fi, 1., ';~} ~

partition of an internal [a, b](a b). * z 0 6 2 0 , 1 ! _.2_

s~-2r-max\M\=2
Then, f ~; = I(x;
i:ic1 i=1
-X;_,)=b-a
y
I
20 3
5
13 i 0
2
4
,
5 10
3 .....
2r lzl=, i' I s 5 5
in any subinterval[n; _ 1, n;], it is clear that
We have,Je'C'i)"(O) I seY (1- y2)2 + 2) M; =1,m; = 0. (where,i = 1,2, ... ,n)
. =eY(3-2y2+y4)
U(P,f)= IM;~; 29. (b) 0 0 0 c 0 -1
Now.e/ (3-2y2 + y4)<6foryE [0,1] i=1
30. (c) Subset {(x,y)ER2 :y=O,sin1e-')=0} of 1R2 is 0 0 0 1 0 0
(e'(zly' (0) el< 6
= f
i:1
1-~;=(b-a) not compact. 1 0 0
:. [T, B, 8]= O
0 0 0
25. (c) Factoring 24 into primes, we get 24=23 · 31 0 1 0 0 0
31. (a) Let T : M--> M be linear transformationdefined by
From the fundamental theorem of Abelian groups,
there are three non- isomorphic Abeliangroups of
L(P.f)= i
j:1
m/J.X;= f o·Nl; =0
i=1 r[x, X2
X3]) [-Xs
X4 x,] 0 0 0 0 1 0
x, X5 Xe .= X3 Xs X2 0 1 0 0 0 0
order 24 J: f dx = inf { U (P.f)} = b - a 0 -1
"" 6

(Zs) X 23
(z, x z2) x 23 J: f dx = sup {L (P,f)} = o . where,M be real vector space of 2 x 3 order.

LetB= {[~
0
0 ~H~ ~H~
1
0
0 1]
0 0 .
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0 0
0 0
(z2 X z2 X z2) X z3
J: f ax * J: f dx o][o
.. detT=
0 0 1 0 0 0
So, the answer is thus 3.
26. (c) Let V be the real vector space of all polynomialsin
one variable with real coefficients and having
So, f is not integrableon[a, bi
28. (b) Given linear programming problem is
[~
be basis of M.
0
~H~ ~]}
0
0 0 ' 0 1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1 0
0 0
degree almost 20. Max z= x+ 3y+6z- w = - (-1)[-1[1[-1[-1]]]]
0 0
Definethe subspaces

W1 = {PE V: p(1) = 0, PG-)= 0, p(5) = O,p(7) = o}

Subjectto constraints
5x + y + 6z + 7w S 20
Then,
r[~ 0 ~])=[~ 0 ~] =-1
32. (a) Let H be a Hilbert space and let {en :ne!: 1} be an
1 0 orthonormal basis of H. Suppose T: H--> H is a

W2 ={pEV :pG-)= 0, p(3)= O,p(4) = O,p(7)= o}

6x +2y+2z+ 9wS 40
xz 0, Ye!: 0,2e!: 0, We!: 0 r[~ 0 ~])= [~ 0 ~] bounded linear operator.Then,
T(en) e1<e, for all ne!: t
Standardform of LPP is 0 0
W1 n W2 = {p E V : p (1) = 0, p (1/2) = 0
p(3)=0, p(4)=0,p(5)=0,p(7)=0}
MaxZ=x+3y+6z-w
Subjectto constraints
r[~ 0 ~])= [~ 0 ~] 33. (a)
34. (c) Let f: Cl {3i}--> C be fined by
0 1
dim(W1 n W2)=20-6 +1=15
27. (b) Letf, g : [O, 1]--> R be defined by
5x + y+6z + 7w +S1 =20
6x+2y+2z+ 9w +S2 = 40
r[~ 0 ~]) = [~ 0 ~] f(z)= _z-1
IZ+3
.ice!:O, Ye!: 0, Ze!: 0, We!:O,S, e!: O,S2e!: 0. 0 0 Let z be the fixed point.
f(x)= {x, if x =~for XEN
0, otherwise
x=O,y=20, z=O, w =0
Max(x+ 3y+6z-w)= 3x20=60
r[~ 1 ~]) = [~ 1 ~] Then,f(z) = z
z-i
--=Z
t if XEO n [O, 1]
r[~
0
0 ~])=[-01 0 0
o o] =>
iz+ 3
g(x)= { O, otherwise => Z=i(1±.J2)

.
- - -- -
,:~
~
:...
14 I GATE Solved Paper • Mathematics Solved Paper 2b13 I 15

O 1 OJ (v. _ r'1Y2) ~2 _ Yi
35. (a) We have, A=[~
0 1
! ~] 3
[T]= 0 0 1
[0 0 0
JJ(x)
Y1
=
Y1
= Yih - Y1Y2 x Y1
Therefore, the solution is [1 1 1] ' :. tr {T) = 0, also n * m and Tis not diagonalisable. Y1 Y1Y2 - Y,Y2

36. (a) The supremum. of 43. {cf) Let X be a convex region in the plane_ bounded by _ YiY2 - Y1Y2
l=[I: ~ ~]
straight lines. Let X have 7 vertices. Suppose - Y1Y2 - YiY2
131 /32 1
S={xelR:x:2:0, I, x""<-}=1 f{x,y)=ax+by+c has maximum value M and

U= ru~ 1 ~: ~:]
n•1
minimum value N on X and N < M. Let W (Y1, Y2) p{x) = (Y1Y, - Y2Yil (YiY2 - Y1Y2)
Y1Y, - YJY2

l O O U33
37. (c) The given region is
D= {Z eC :Re (z)> lm(z)> O}
S = {P :Pis a vertex of X and M<f{P)< M}
If S has n elements, then n can be 4. =
55. (b) Here, y1 = e2', y2 = xe2'
Vi' Y2 - Y1Y2

Now, A= LU implies that and the mapping is 44. (a)

= V, =2e2'

[i !
f(z) =e'2 45. (a)
~J=[,:1 ~ ~][u~1 Letz=9+10i, thenzeO 46. {a) LetS={ZeC: IZl=1} => V,'= 4e2•
3 131 132 1 0 Now, w = f(z) := f(9 + 10i) and V, = e2' + 2xe2'
=e<oe+ 1o;)2
With the induced topology from a: and let
f :[0,2]--+ S be defined by => V,' = 2e2' + 2e2' + 4xe2'
=e-,s+1w;
= [/~~11 121 U:1: U22 121 /31: U23 ] f(t) =e2m 4 1 4
=e-19 -e 100i Therefore, p{O) = x O- x - 4
131 U11 131 U12 + 132 U22 /31 U,a + 132 U23 + U33 1x1-2x0
Then, k is closed in [O, 2i
implies u11 = 1, u12 =2, u13 = 0 =e-19 (cos 180+sin180i)
Hence, f(k) is closed in S. 56. {d) Let us find out 117- 75 =42
= -e-19
l21U11 =1 47. (a) Consider the polynomial x2 + 2x + 5 = O Mid way between these 2 number is
121 =....!...=~=1 :. lmW= 0
having zeroes x= - 1 + 2i whose real part is =75+ 42
u,, 1 38. (c) (a, b, c) {±1,±i}, {±1,±i}, {±1.±k} are normal 2
negative.
/21 U12 +U22 = 3 subgroup of 08 of order 4. = 75 + 21
Now, corresponding differential equation is
U22 = 3 - 121 U12 = 3 -1 X 2 = 1 39. {a) Let B be a real symmetric positive definite n x n = 96
matrix. Consider the inner product on IR" defined d2u +2du +5=0
121 U13 +U23 = 1 dt2 cft 57. (b)
U23 = 1- 121 U13 = 1- 1 XO= 1
y
by c X, Y> = BX. Let A be an n x n real matrix
The auxiliary equation is 58. (c)
and T: IR" --+ IR" be the linear operator defined by
= /31U11=0
T(X) = AX for all Xe IR". If S is the adjacent of T. '.l..2+21..+5=0 59. (b)
= 131 = 0
Then,S{X) =CX for all Xe 1 R", whereC = fr1A18 => l.=-1±2i 60. {c)
= l31U12 + /32U22 = 1
u{t) =e-< [c1 cos2t +c2 sin2t] 61. {a) 2 x+ y:S6 .• (i)
132= 1-131U12= 1-0x2 =1 40. (b)
u22 1 limu{t)=O and JfX2y:S8 ... (ii)
41. {c) Let M be the space of all 4x 3 matrices with
entries in the finite field of three elements. Then,
,~- From Eq. (i),
= 131 U13 + /32 U23 + U33 = 3
the number of matrices of rank three in M is 48. (cf) 49. (cf) 50. (d) yS6 -2x
= U33 = 3 - 131 U13 - 132 U23
{34 -1) (34 - 3) (34 - 32).. 51. {a) 52. (a) 53. (a) Put it inEq (ii), x +2 (6 -2x):S 58
.=3-0x0-1x1=2

~1 42. {a) Consider the linear transformation 54. (a) Let W {y1, y2) be the wronskian of two linearly => x+12-4xS8
independent solutions y1 and y2 of the equation => -3xS-4
L=[~ 0 ~1 1
T : I R3 --+ I R3 defined by
T{x, y, Z) = {y, z, 0)
v" + p{x)y' + Q(x)y = O
x~-
4
3
lX=[1 2 2]' Then, T(y, z, 0) = (z, 0, 0) w (Y1, Y1l =I~ ~ I
and T (z, O. 0) = (0, O, 0) Then, y:S6-2x~

;][~]=~]
3
y,Y,
[i O
Hence. T3 (x, y. z) = O
but T2(x, y, z) '¢- (0, 0, 0)
Also,
and Yi+ p{x)
= Y1Y,-
y'1 + p{x) V, +Q(x) y1 = 0
2
y + Q(x) y2 = 0
_.(i)
.•. (ii)
18-8
y:S--
3
Now. T(1. 0, O) = (0, o, O)
But e' =[-: ~ ~l
1 -1 ~
T (0, 1, 0) = (1. 0, 0)
T (0, 0, 1) = (0, 1, 0)
On putting the value ofQ(x) from Eq. (i) into Eq (ii),
we get

So, the matrix associated to Tis

16 I GA TE Solved Paper • Mathematics

Percentage increase in plant and machinery

62. (b) l4x-7J= 5
4x=12 =20000 x100
25000
=> X=3
Then, 2 lxl-1- x] can be find out as
2131-1- 31
6-3=3
So, one o.f the possible value is 3.
l4x-71 = 5
=80%
Percentage increase in advertising

=
15000
19500
=76.9230%
x 100

Percentage increase in research and development

1
Taking -ve both the sides,
4x-7 =-5 = 2200() x 100
26400
Linear Algebra
4x=2
= 83.33%
1

-
X=-
2 Hence, from above calculation, it is clear that the
percentage increase in 2011 in raw material and
Then, 21 x 1-1- xi can be find out as

=2~+~
= 1-2.
research and development are same.
64. (a) Total SP = 100 + 500 = 600
The cost of one unit=
600
60
= 10
Finite dimensional vector spaces; linear transfonnations and their matrix representations, Rank; Systems of linear
equations, Eigen values and eigen vectors, Minimal polynomial, Cayley-Hamilton Theorem, Diagonalisation, Hennitian,
2 Skew-Hennitian and unitary matrices, Finite dimensional inner product spaces, Gram-Schmidt orthononnalization
Total cost of production increased by 30%
=_1_ =100+30 =130 process, Self-adjoint operators.
2
Hence, possible values of2 Jxl-l-xl are G· 3}
Total increased in cost of production
=130-100
GATE 2012 (1 Mark Questions) .., Solution Points
=30
63. (d) Percentage increase in raw material 1. Let H be a Hilbert space and 51. denote the orthogonal complement of
Total profit= 500 + 30 = 530
5200 a set Si;;; H. Which of the following is incorrect?
=
6240
x100 After increasing the 30% in the total cost, then cost (a) For s,, s;
i;;: ff, c 52 => s, c .J s/ s/
=83.33%
of one unit (b) sc (s'-)J.

Percentage increase in power and fuel = 30 =3 (c) {0}1. = H

10 (d) s'- is always closed
7000
= x100=74.074%
9450
The percentage to maintain the same profit level is
Y.Let a = t!-" 15 and the matrix
Percentage increase in salary and wages =2.x100=5%

[j
60 a
a a2
a2 al
al a4]
a•
·= 9000 x100
12600 65.(d) O a2 al a4
M• 0 0 al a4
=71428%
O O O a4
Then, the trace of the matrix I + M + M is
(a) - 5 {b) O (c) 3 (d) 5
,7- Let V = <l.2 be the vector space over the field of complex numbers and
B = {(1, ~' (i, 1)} be a given ordered basis of II. Then, for which of the
following, 8* = {f,, Fi} is a dual basis of B over <l.?

(a) f,(z,, z2) = 1(z, - iz2), 'i<z,, z2) = ~(z, + 1z2)

1 . )
(b) f,(z,, z} = 2<z, + 1z2 r 'i<z,, z2) = 2 ,z, + z2 )
1(.

{c) f,(z,, z2) = ~(z, -iz2), 'i(z,, z2) = 1(-iz; +z2)

(d) f,(z,, z2) = 1(z, + iz2), 'i(z,, z2) = 1(-iz; -z2)