Chapter 10
Computer Software
Introducing with two common terms used that are Hardware and Software. Hardware is the
physical part of the computer system which requires to function. Whereas we will discuss about
Software in this chapter.
10.1 Software
Computer carries chain of instructions in which the computer recognize its language and do its
task. Software consists of procedure, programs that are connected with computer. When
computer is using program to do it task we say that computer is running. Software is program
and other operating system that is used by computer, it presents the program and tell us why,
how and where this program is to be used. A software package then includes a working of many
programs doing a specific task.
10.2 Hardware and Software
Nothing beneficial can be done with the computer hardware on its own, and software cannot be
advantageous without the support of hardware.
Software and Hardware devices are interdependent to each other.
Same hardware can be installed with different software to make a computer do different
types of jobs.
10.3 Types of Software
Though there is a range of software available, that are vast and varied, and majorly they are
classified in two categories i.e.
1) System Software: It increases the processing potential of computer system and it runs the
operating system. It only maintain processes and resources. Low-level language is used.
It works in background, usually not processed by the users. System software works on its
own. It is necessary for the system to function.
2) Application Software: Its job is to solve a specified problem and to do a particular task. It
only do that tasks that are required by the users. It is written in high-level languages such
as Python and JavaScript. It runs with foreground and user works directly with the
software to perform specific task. No need for function.
3) Firmware: It is a sequence of instructions substituted for hardware. It depends on devices
which stores memory like Flash Memory and ROM. The Software is stored in ROM and
used by computer when doing multiple task. Software is known as firmware.
4) Middleware: It is software that is linking operating system and the application running
with it. It helps in management of data and communication. Programmer had to include
code for management and support services with in client and server part of the
application software. Programmer had to synchronize clients and processes for exchange
of messages. Middleware is a set of tools and data that helps application use network
resources and services.
5) Public-Domain Software: This software is freely accessible. It is available on internet. It
is supported by the community. There is no link of any creator and the user. It can be
downloaded anytime and can be used anytime.
6) Shareware: It is a software which is shared with users on trial bases, in which limited
processes can be used, but fully can be used on the basis of upgrade by payment.
7) Freeware: It is free of cost, especially it is copyright free.
10.4System Development Steps (SDLC)
We have to examine the problem, then we have to arrange the program so we can easily
solve it. To develop the software coding is done to form the program. Program is used for
debugging and also tested. For finals steps we have to apply program on anything related so
we know it works or not. After launching of the program or software, we have to maintain
and upgrade it.
