PAST EXPERIENCES. Session 1. [Link]

PAST EXPERIENCES. Session 1.

Materiales formativos de FP Online propiedad del Ministerio de Educación, Formación Profesional

y Deportes
Aviso Legal

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1.- A new day at work.

Caso práctico
Read the text and listen to the situation.

00:00 01:40
Script
The girls are a little bit overwhelmed with all the changes: new
city, new company, new colleagues. They didn't expect it would
be so hard to adapt to a new country and culture.

Susana seems to be particularly unhappy. Lourdes finally asks her:

"What are you thinking, Susana? What's going on?"

Susana thinks for a few seconds and then finally replies: "Not
much, Lourdes, I was just thinking that maybe it wasn't such a good
idea to come all the way to England to do our internship after all.
We are far away from our friends and family and we don't know any
of these people... we don't have any friends here.. yes, there is
Gema, but..." zero_wing. Prácticas (CC BY-NC-SA)

Lourdes tries to cheer her friend up: "Don't worry! I'm sure things will
get better soon, we'll meet new people, improve our English... you'll see."

A few minutes later, Mr Parker approaches the girls: "Good morning, girls. How are you? I just
wanted to let you know that your corporate email addresses are ready. Yours, Lourdes, is
[Link]@[Link], and yours, Susana, is [Link]@[Link].

Now you can communicate with everybody in the company and we'll be able to be in touch with
you too. Also, most employees here don't know who you are or what you do and I'd like you to
meet everybody and start working as soon as possible.

I've had an idea: why don't you prepare a short presentation? You can talk about yourselves, your
country, your education and past work experiences, etc., so that everybody here can get to know you.
It'll be fantastic! I'll organise everything. If you need any help, come and see me. See you later."

Susana can't believe it: "We have to give a talk... in front of everybody... in English!"

Think about it
Write in the forum:

What about you? Have you ever written emails in English? Have you ever given a presentation in front
of a lot of people? Have you ever given a talk in a foreign language? When was it? How did you feel?

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2.- What to say. To Ask for a favor.

Citas Para Pensar

"Be brave. Take risks. Nothing can substitute experience." Paulo Coelho

Caso práctico
Lourdes and Susana are really stressed out. They don't know how to start gathering the
information they need for their oral presentation. They don't know what to talk about and they have
just a few days to prepare their talk.

"Let's not panic!", says Lourdes. "Everything will be fine."

Susana replies: "Yes, but we will need to find a computer we can use, make a power point
presentation..."

Lourdes seems to have everything under control: "Don't worry, I brought some photos of our families
from Spain. We can use those, and we can download a few pictures of our classmates and teachers
from our former school website. We need to plan what we are going to say."

Susana smiles for the first time and says: "You are brilliant, Lourdes! You have so many good ideas.
Thank you for your help."

Lourdes smiles too: "Well, that's me, you know. I still have some more ideas for the presentation.
Let's find a computer so we can start working. And remember, we can ask somebody for help."

How to start a project the right way?

If you don't know how to start a project, you can always ask for help. Here are some useful expressions to ask for
help. Remember that in English it is very important to be polite.

Freepik. Pasado (CC BY-NC-SA)

When asking for a favor, it's important to be polite and considerate. Here are some useful phrases and

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vocabulary to help you ask for a favor:

Can you...

Example: Can you give me a hand with these boxes?

Example: Can I bug you for a second? (informal)

Example: Could you do me a favour?

Could you...

Example: Could you help me with this task?

Example: Do you think you could help me move this weekend?

Would you mind...

Example: Would you mind lending me your book?

Example: Would you mind opening the door for me?

Would it be possible to...

Example: Would it be possible to borrow your car?

Vocabulary to Ask for a Favor

Category / Categoría English / Inglés Spanish / Español

Polite Requests / Peticiones

Could you help me with this task? ¿Podrías ayudarme con esta tarea?
Educadas

Polite Requests / Peticiones Would you mind lending me your

¿Te importaría prestarme tu libro?
Educadas book?

Polite Requests / Peticiones Can you give me a hand with ¿Puedes echarme una mano con estas
Educadas these boxes? cajas?

Polite Requests / Peticiones Would it be possible to borrow ¿Sería posible que me prestaras tu
Educadas your car? coche?

Polite Requests / Peticiones Do you think you could help me ¿Crees que podrías ayudarme a
Educadas move this weekend? mudarme este fin de semana?

Show Appreciation / Mostrar I would really appreciate it if you Realmente agradecería si pudieras
Agradecimiento could review my report. revisar mi informe.

Show Appreciation / Mostrar It would mean a lot to me if you Significaría mucho para mí si pudieras
Agradecimiento could come to my presentation. venir a mi presentación.

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Show Appreciation / Mostrar Thank you in advance for your Gracias de antemano por tu ayuda con
Agradecimiento help with this project. este proyecto.

Show Appreciation / Mostrar I’d be grateful if you could send Estaría agradecido si pudieras enviarme
Agradecimiento me the files. los archivos.

Explain Situation / Explicar la I’m in a bit of a bind and could Estoy en un apuro y podría usar algo de
Situación use some help. ayuda.

Explain Situation / Explicar la I need a favor because I have a Necesito un favor porque tengo una
Situación deadline tomorrow. fecha límite mañana.

I’m having trouble with my

Explain Situation / Explicar la Estoy teniendo problemas con mi
computer and need some
Situación computadora y necesito asistencia.
assistance.

Explain Situation / Explicar la I could really use your help with Realmente podría usar tu ayuda para
Situación organizing this event. organizar este evento.

Express Urgency / Expresar It’s quite urgent, could you help Es bastante urgente, ¿podrías
Urgencia me today? ayudarme hoy?

Express Urgency / Expresar I need this done by tomorrow, can Necesito que esto esté hecho para
Urgencia you assist me? mañana, ¿puedes asistirme?

Express Urgency / Expresar I’m in a hurry and need your help Estoy apurado y necesito tu ayuda
Urgencia immediately. inmediatamente.

Offer in Return / Ofrecer Algo a

I’ll owe you one. Te deberé una.
Cambio

Offer in Return / Ofrecer Algo a Let me know if I can return the Avísame si puedo devolverte el favor en
Cambio favor sometime. algún momento.

Offer in Return / Ofrecer Algo a I’d be happy to help you with your Estaría encantado de ayudarte con tu
Cambio project in return. proyecto a cambio.

Example Conversations. Asking for Help

with a Task.
Example 1: Asking for Help with a Task (Pidiendo Ayuda con una Tarea)

You: Could you help me with this task?

Friend: Sure, what do you need help with?

You: I need to finish this report by tomorrow. I’d really appreciate it if you could help me review it.
Friend: No problem, I’ll take a look at it now.

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Tú: ¿Podrías ayudarme con esta tarea?

Amigo: Claro, ¿con qué necesitas ayuda?
Tú: Necesito terminar este informe para mañana. Realmente agradecería si pudieras
ayudarme a revisarlo.
Amigo: No hay problema, lo revisaré ahora.

Asking for Help with a Task. Borrowing

Something.
Example 2: Borrowing Something (Pidiendo Prestado Algo)

You: Would you mind lending me your book for the weekend?
Colleague: Of course, which book do you need?

You: The marketing strategy book. I’d be grateful if you could lend it to me until Monday.
Colleague: Sure, I’ll bring it to you this afternoon.

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Tú: ¿Te importaría prestarme tu libro para el fin de semana?

Colega: Por supuesto, ¿qué libro necesitas?
Tú: El libro de estrategia de marketing. Estaría agradecido si pudieras prestármelo hasta el
lunes.
Colega: Claro, te lo traeré esta tarde.

Example Conversations. Asking for Urgent

Help.
Example 3: Asking for Urgent Help (Pidiendo Ayuda Urgente)

You: I’m in a bit of a bind and could really use your help.
Friend: What’s going on?

You: I have to move some heavy furniture today. It’s quite urgent, could you help me?
Friend: Absolutely, I’ll be there in an hour.

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Tú: Estoy en un apuro y realmente podría usar tu ayuda.

Amigo: ¿Qué está pasando?

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Tú: Tengo que mover algunos muebles pesados hoy. Es bastante urgente, ¿podrías
ayudarme?
Amigo: Por supuesto, estaré allí en una hora.

Think about it
Give your opinion in the forum:

When you have to give an oral presentation, where do you look for information? Have you ever talked
about your past experiences/education? In your experience, what makes a good/bad presentation?

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2.1.- How to Use "Can", "Could" and "Would"?

What is the difference between "Can", "Could" and "Would"?

Mostrar

— Can

‒ Ability: Indicates what someone is capable of doing.

‒ Permission: Used to ask for or give permission.
‒ Possibility: Indicates that something is possible.

— Could

‒ Past Ability: Indicates what someone was capable of doing in the past.
‒ Formal Requests: More polite way to ask for something.
‒ Conditional Possibility: Indicates something that could happen under certain conditions.
‒ General Possibility: Indicates that something is possible but not certain.

— Would

‒ Hypothetical Situations: Used in imaginary or unreal situations.

‒ Polite Offers and Requests: More polite way to ask for or offer something.
‒ Desires: Expresses wishes or preferences.
‒ Past Habits: Describes repetitive actions in the past.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks.

Complete the sentences with "can", "could", or "would".

1. you help me with my homework, please?

2. When I was a child, I run very fast.
3. If I had more money, I travel the world.
4. I use your phone?

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5. She play the piano beautifully.

6. If we left now, we catch the bus.
7. you like to come to the party?
8. It rain tomorrow, so take an umbrella.
9. you pass the salt, please?
10. When he was younger, he play soccer all day long.

Enviar

1. Could you help me with my homework, please?

2. When I was a child, I could run very fast.
3. If I had more money, I would travel the world.
4. Can I use your phone?
5. She can play the piano beautifully.
6. If we left now, we could catch the bus.
7. Would you like to come to the party?
8. It could rain tomorrow, so take an umbrella.
9. Could you pass the salt, please?
10. When he was younger, he could play soccer all day long.

Choose the correct option to complete

each sentence.
______ you like a cup of coffee?

Can

Could

Would

Incorrecto

Incorrecto

Opción correcta

Solución

1. Incorrecto

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2. Incorrecto
3. Opción correcta

I ______ swim when I was five years old.

can

could

would

Incorrecto

Opción correcta

Incorrecto

Solución

1. Incorrecto
2. Opción correcta
3. Incorrecto

______ you help me with this project?

Can

Could

Would

Incorrecto

Opción correcta

Incorrecto

Solución

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1. Incorrecto
2. Opción correcta
3. Incorrecto

She ______ read when she was just four years old.

can

could

would

Incorrecto

Opción correcta

Incorrecto

Solución

1. Incorrecto
2. Opción correcta
3. Incorrecto

If I were rich, I ______ buy a big house.

can

could

would

Incorrecto

Incorrecto

Opción correcta

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Solución

1. Incorrecto
2. Incorrecto
3. Opción correcta

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2.2.- Brainstorming: Vocational training.

Caso práctico
Lourdes and Susana decide to start to prepare their presentation with a brainstorming session. The
have to think of the things they've done in the past, starting with their education. They surf the
Internet and come across this article on the BBC website, which they find interesting. Why don't you
read it and then tell us what you think?

gravisio. Vocational (CC BY-NC-SA)

What's vocational training?

Vocational training is a type of education and training that focuses on teaching the specific skills and knowledge
needed for a particular job or career. It is often more practical and hands-on than traditional academic education,
preparing individuals for a specific trade or occupation. Vocational training can take place at high schools,
technical schools, community colleges, or through apprenticeship programs and on-the-job training.

What are the characteristics of vocational training?

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Job-Specific Skills:

Job-Specific Skills: The training is designed to provide the skills and knowledge directly related to a
specific job or career.

Example: Learning how to operate machinery for a manufacturing job, or acquiring culinary skills
for a career as a chef.

Practical Experience:

Practical Experience: Vocational training often includes hands-on experience, allowing students to practice
and develop their skills in real-world settings.

Example: Internships, apprenticeships, or lab work where students can apply what they have
learned.

Shorter Duration:

Shorter Duration: Vocational training programs are typically shorter than traditional four-year college
programs, often lasting from a few months to two years.

Example: Certificate programs in welding, plumbing, or electrical work.

Certification and Licenses:

Certification and Licenses: Many vocational training programs prepare students to obtain certifications or
licenses required for their profession.

Example: Certification for medical assistants, licenses for electricians or cosmetologists.

Career Focused:

Career Focused: The main goal of vocational training is to prepare students for immediate employment in
their chosen field.

Example: Training programs for technicians, automotive repair, or healthcare aides.

What is vocational training experience? Examples

Vocational education or vocational education and training prepares trainees for jobs that are based
on manual or practical activities that are related to a specific trade or occupation. The trainee directly
develops expertise in a particular group of techniques or technology.

Now, let's hear some opinions from students, parents and teachers:

Michaela Fleming

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Michaela Fleming, 18, is studying for a professional chef diploma at

Westminster Kingsway College and wants to be a pastry chef. At
secondary school, she particularly enjoyed food technology, PE, music
and maths and she got very good grades in her GCSEs (General
Certificate of Secondary Education).

"I enjoyed school but I prefer having a hands-on approach to things. So

coming here was really good for me. We do theory but the practical side is
really good. I want to train to be a chef - we're actually cooking for customers
at the moment, and I'm working part-time on top of this. Being able to do
both and get the practical skills I need to go on to be a chef is really good."

Maggie Gusterson's
Maggie Gusterson's 15-year-old son is studying vocational courses in
science, sports and ICT (Information and Communication Technology). He
didn't use to like school and was told at 14 that he could select from a limited
range of options, most of which were vocational qualifications. He has since
"realised he needs to study hard", she says. He enjoys sport and would like to
go into sports therapy.

Ms Gusterson left school, but later by resitting some exams at college

gained the qualifications required to go on to train as a nurse. She said she
would like her son to do the same if he did not get the grades on his first
attempt.

"I think they should do it like they used to - you do the main subjects up to 16,
and then you can look into going into vocational courses at 16, rather than at
the age of 14," she says.

Christopher McShane
Christopher McShane, is the head teacher of Winton school in Hampshire.
The school offers vocational courses in photography, travel and tourism,
hospitality and catering, ICT, sports and performing arts. He says all
students are free to choose whichever courses they want.

"My job is to encourage young people to continue learning - and the

vocational qualifications do exactly that. If people came into my school and
saw the kids doing sports coaching with primary students, or running their own
business - people would realise they have a very significant impact."

"There tends to be a negative view of vocational learning and that's rubbish. Some students go on to
get university degrees, other go into a wide range of jobs. For certain types of students - this is their
route to achievement."
Adapted from: [Link]

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Vocational Training

Word Example Sentence Translation

La formación profesional se centra en

Vocational training focuses on developing
Skills desarrollar habilidades específicas necesarias
specific skills needed for a particular trade.
para un oficio en particular.

An apprenticeship is a system where a Un aprendizaje es un sistema en el que un

Apprenticeship trainee works under supervision to learn a aprendiz trabaja bajo supervisión para
trade. aprender un oficio.

After completing the program, students Después de completar el programa, los

Certification receive a certification that proves their estudiantes reciben una certificación que
qualifications. prueba sus calificaciones.

This type of education is very practical, Este tipo de educación es muy práctica, ya
Practical
involving a lot of hands-on experience. que implica mucha experiencia práctica.

Una carrera en la formación profesional

A career in vocational training prepares
Career prepara a los estudiantes para ingresar al
students to enter the job market.
mercado laboral.

La formación profesional a menudo incluye

Vocational training often includes technical
Technical cursos técnicos que enseñan habilidades
courses that teach industry-specific skills.
específicas de la industria.

La formación profesional ayuda a los

Vocational training helps students enter the
Job market estudiantes a ingresar al mercado laboral
job market directly after their education.
directamente después de su educación.

Los estudiantes adquieren experiencia práctica

Students gain hands-on experience through
Hands-on a través de programas de formación
vocational training programs.
profesional.

El programa de formación equipa a los

Training The training program equips students with
estudiantes con las habilidades necesarias
program the necessary skills for their careers.
para sus carreras.

Students develop competencies that are Los estudiantes desarrollan competencias que
Competencies
critical for their job roles. son críticas para sus roles laborales.

Learning a trade can provide a stable and Aprender un oficio puede proporcionar una
Trade
rewarding career. carrera estable y gratificante.

An internship offers practical experience in a Una pasantía ofrece experiencia práctica en el

Internship
student's chosen field. campo elegido por el estudiante.

Vocational He attended a vocational school to become Asistió a una escuela vocacional para
school an electrician. convertirse en electricista.

The workshop provided students with the El taller proporcionó a los estudiantes la
Workshop
opportunity to practice their skills. oportunidad de practicar sus habilidades.

As an apprentice, she learned the trade from Como aprendiz, aprendió el oficio de un
Apprentice
an experienced professional. profesional experimentado.

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Certification Passing the certification exam is necessary Aprobar el examen de certificación es

exam to become licensed. necesario para obtener la licencia.

Fieldwork is an essential part of vocational El trabajo de campo es una parte esencial de

Fieldwork
training. la formación profesional.

Practical skills are emphasized in vocational Las habilidades prácticas se enfatizan en la

Practical skills
education. educación vocacional.

Hands-on Hands-on training is crucial for developing La formación práctica es crucial para
training real-world skills. desarrollar habilidades del mundo real.

Technical He studied at a technical institute to gain Estudió en un instituto técnico para adquirir
institute specialized knowledge. conocimientos especializados.

On-the-job On-the-job training allows employees to La capacitación en el trabajo permite a los

training learn while working. empleados aprender mientras trabajan.

La orientación vocacional ayuda a los

Vocational Vocational guidance helps students choose
estudiantes a elegir el camino profesional
guidance the right career path.
correcto.

El desarrollo de habilidades es un enfoque

Skill Skill development is a key focus of
clave de los programas de formación
development vocational training programs.
profesional.

Industrial Industrial training prepares students for work La formación industrial prepara a los
training in manufacturing. estudiantes para trabajar en la fabricación.

Professional Continuous professional development is El desarrollo profesional continuo es

development important in vocational careers. importante en las carreras vocacionales.

Career Career counseling can assist students in La orientación profesional puede ayudar a los
counseling making informed decisions. estudiantes a tomar decisiones informadas.

El programa tiene como objetivo certificar a los

Certify The program aims to certify skilled workers.
trabajadores calificados.

Trade schools offer programs in various Las escuelas de oficios ofrecen programas en
Trade school
technical fields. varios campos técnicos.

Workplace Workplace skills are developed through Las habilidades en el lugar de trabajo se
skills practical training. desarrollan a través de la formación práctica.

Industry Training programs are designed to meet Los programas de formación están diseñados
standards industry standards. para cumplir con las normas de la industria.

Reflection Questions
How does vocational training differ from traditional academic education?

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Vocational training focuses on practical skills and hands-on experience tailored for specific
trades or careers, while traditional academic education is often more theoretical and broad-
based.

Reflexiona
What are some benefits of vocational training for individuals entering the workforce?

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Benefits include gaining specific skills that are directly applicable to jobs, faster entry into the
workforce, and often lower costs and shorter duration compared to traditional academic
degrees.

Reflexiona
Can you think of any specific careers that require vocational training?

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Examples include electricians, plumbers, automotive technicians, healthcare aides, culinary

chefs, and carpenters.

Reflexiona
How does vocational training benefit employers and the job market?

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Vocational training provides employers with a skilled workforce ready to meet industry demands,
reduces training costs for companies, and helps fill gaps in trades and technical fields.

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Exercise on "What's Vocational Training?"

Complete the sentences using the words provided in the box. Each word can be used only once.
Word Bank:

1. Skills
2. Apprenticeship
3. Certification
4. Practical
5. Career
6. Technical
7. Job market
8. Hands-on
9. Training program
10. Competencies

Sentences:

Vocational training focuses on developing specific needed for a particular trade or

occupation.
An is a system where a trainee works under the supervision of an experienced
professional to learn a trade.
After completing a vocational , students often receive a that
proves their qualifications.
This type of education is very , involving a lot of experience in real work
environments.
A in vocational training prepares students to enter the directly after
completing their education.
Vocational training often includes courses that teach the needed for
specific industries.

Enviar

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2.3.- Now put it into practice.

Autoevaluación
Match the speakers and their opinions.

Matching exercise.

Opinion. Match. Speaker.

They should be given more time to decide.

1. Student.
I prefer doing something myself rather than just talking about it or being
told by other people how to do it.

People should see the the effect that vocational training has on society.
2. Parent.
Trainees will be able to go on to higher level courses.

3. Head
Don't give up.
teacher.

Enviar

Read the text carefully and make sure you understand the people's opinions.

Think about it
Give your opinion in the forum:

What is your reaction to this story? Do you agree with the student / parent / head teacher?

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3.- How to say it: Past simple.

Think about it
Read the following sentences carefully. What is the difference between them?

I don't know what to do. (Present simple)

I didn't know what to do. (Past simple)

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As you probably know, the difference between the sentences is that in the first sentence we are
talking about a present event and in the second one we are talking about something that
happened in the past.

juicy_fish. Pasado (CC BY-NC-SA)

What is the past simple tense?

The past simple tense is used to describe actions or events that happened at a specific time in the past. It is one of
the most commonly used tenses in English and is essential for narrating events or telling stories about the past.

In order to talk about our past experiences, we need to talk about the past simple. Let's see!

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3.1.- Past simple: Form.

Freepik. Pasado (CC BY-NC-SA)

How to form the Past simple?

Let's discover how to make the Past Simple. Forming the Past Simple:

1. Affirmative Sentences

Affirmative sentences in the past simple tense describe actions or events that happened at a specific time in
the past.

Regular Verbs: Add -ed to the base form of the verb.

Examples:

walk → walked
talk → talked
clean → cleaned
Irregular Verbs: Have unique past tense forms that need to be memorized.

Examples:

go → went
have → had
see → saw
Examples:
She visited her grandmother last weekend.
They went to the beach yesterday.
He bought a new car last month.

2. Negative Sentences

Use "did not" (didn't) + base form of the verb.

Examples:

did not go → didn't go

did not see → didn't see

Examples:

I did not (didn't) see him at the party.

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We did not (didn't) finish the project on time.

She did not (didn't) like the movie.

3. Interrogative Sentences

Interrogative sentences in the past simple tense ask questions about actions or events that happened in the
past.

Use "did" + subject + base form of the verb.

Examples:

Did you go?

Did she see?

Examples:

Did you go to the concert?

Did they travel to Spain last year?
Did he call you yesterday?

You should know

You can download a list of irregular verb here:

List of irregular verbs.

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Ejercicio Resuelto
Click to read the Spanish translation.

Mostrar retroalimentación

Para formar el pasado simple:

Se añade -ed a los verbos regulares.
Si el verbo acaba en "-y" precedida de consonante se sustituye la "y" por "i" y se
añade "-ed".
Los verbos irregulares tendremos que aprenderlos, con la ayuda de la lista de verbos
irregulares o un buen diccionario.
Forma negativa:
Sujeto+did not+verbo principal.
Forma interrogativa:
Did+sujeto+(not)+verbo principal?

Think about it
These are common mistakes made when using the past simple tense:

She didn't wanted to visit the Modern Art Museum.

He tooks the train from Liverpool.

Can you correct them?

Mostrar retroalimentación

The correct forms are:

She didn't want to visit the Modern Art Museum.

He took the train from Liverpool.

Fill in the Blanks.

Complete the sentences with the correct past simple form of the verbs in parentheses.

1. She (visit) her grandmother last weekend.

2. They (go) to the beach yesterday.
3. He (not/like) the movie.

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4. We (see) a beautiful sunset.

5. I (not/have) enough time to finish my homework.

Averiguar la puntuación Mostrar retroalimentación Mostrar/Eliminar las respuestas

1. She visited her grandmother last weekend.

2. They went to the beach yesterday.
3. He did not (didn't) like the movie.
4. We saw a beautiful sunset.
5. I did not (didn't) have enough time to finish my homework.

Convert to Negative.
Convert the following sentences to their negative forms.

1. She played tennis yesterday.

!"She (not/play) tennis yesterday.
2. They went to the concert last night.
!"They (not/go) to the concert last night.
3. He finished his work on time.
!"He (not/finish) his work on time.
4. We saw a movie last week.
!"We (not/see) a movie last week.
5. I had breakfast this morning.
!"I (not/have) breakfast this morning.

Averiguar la puntuación Mostrar/Eliminar las respuestas

Form Questions
Form questions from the following sentences.

1. You watched the new show.

!" you the new show?
2. They traveled to Italy.
!" they to Italy?
3. She met her friends at the park.
!" she her friends at the park?
4. He wrote a letter.
!" he a letter?
5. We visited the museum.
!" we the museum?

Averiguar la puntuación Mostrar/Eliminar las respuestas

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3.2.- Past simple: Use.

When should I use Past simple?
The Past simple tense is used:

to refer to finished states, actions or situations that happened in the past.

My boss shouted at me yesterday!
"Julius Caesar: he came, he saw, he conquered."
to refer to a past habit or state.
He went to the office on foot every morning.
to refer to past actions which happened one after the other.
My secretary wrote the letter, put a stamp on it and posted it last Monday.
to refer to a past time that is not mentioned.
Shakespeare wrote a lot of good plays. freepik. Pasado (CC BY-NC-SA)

These time expressions usually go with the Past simple.

Yesterday.
Last week, year, month, season.
(Quantity of time) + ago: two days ago.
Then.
In 1967.
When.
In the past.
People didn't use planes in the past.
I did it two days ago.
You didn't know it then.

Ejercicio Resuelto
Would you like to read the translation of the text above? Then click on the button.

Mostrar retroalimentación

El pasado simple se usa:

Para referirse a estados acabados, acciones y situaciones que ocurrieron en el pasado.

Para referirse a un hábito o estado pasado.
Para referirse a acciones pasadas que ocurrieron una detrás de la otra.
Para referirse a un tiempo pasado que no se menciona.

Hay una serie de expresiones temporales que van normalmente con el pasado simple.

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3.3.- Pronunciation of regular Past tense.

We have looked at how we make the past tense. Now we are going to study the
pronunciation. How do we pronounce the regular past form "-ed"?

The ending used to form the past simple and past participle of regular verbs is
pronounced:

/t/ after voiceless sounds (/p/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /ʃ/ /tʃ/).
like-liked.
/d/ after voiced sounds (/b/ /g/ /v/ /ð/ /z/ /ʒ/ /dʒ/ /m/ /n/ /ŋ/ /l/ /r/ /w/ /j/ and
vowel sounds).
live-lived.
play-played.
/id/ after /t/ or /d/ sounds.
wait-waited.

Here there is one extra syllable!

Take a look at the pronunciation of the following past tenses:

Pronunciations of -ed endings.

Type of -ed endings. Past tense. Phonetic transcription.

stopped /stɒpt/
/t/
picked /pɪkt/
infinitives that end in a
wished /wɪʃt/
voiceless sound.
crunched /krʌntʃt/

lived /lɪvd/
/d/
chilled /tʃɪld/
infinitives that end in a
enjoyed /ɪnˈdʒɔɪd/
voiced sound.
tried /traɪd/

needed /ˈniːdɪd/
/ɪd/
hated /ˈheɪtɪd/
infinitives that end in the
dated /ˈdeɪtɪd/
sound /t/ or /d/.
seated /ˈsiːtɪd/

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Ejercicio Resuelto
Click if you want to read the Spanish translation.

Mostrar retroalimentación

La forma de pasado regular "-ed" se pronuncia:

/t/ si sigue a un sonido sordo.

/d/ si sigue a un sonido sonoro.
/ɪd/ después de un sonido /t/ or /d/ (hay una sílaba más).

You should know

Listen to some -ed endings and practice your pronunciation.

-ed endings.

Think about it
Give your opinion in the forum:

Answer the following questions.

Where did you go last summer?

Who did you go with?
What did you do?
Did you have a good time?

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3.4.- Now put it into practice (I).

This should not be too difficult for you. Let's give it a try.

Autoevaluación
Fill in the gaps with the past simple form of the verbs in brackets. Try to use contractions where
possible.

1. Lots of students (pass) their exams last year.

2. When (Christopher
Columbus discover) America?
3. You (not print) your assignment, so I couldn't mark
it.
4. The group (sing) my favourite song.
5. The firemen (rescue) the two people caught in the fire.
6. My best friend (fall) in love with her teacher.
7. The terrorist (not accept) the government's deal.
8. Everyone (seem) to know a lot.
9. I know her. I (meet) her a few days ago.
10. I finally (find) my keys.
11. Where (you learn) the language?
12. We (change) places quite often.
13. They (be) born and (raise) in Switzerland.
14. (she not study) hard last year?
15. I (get) here two weeks ago.
16. When (Maria arrive) in Canada?
17. I (read) your application form.
18. When her parents (separate) she (go) to live on a farm with her grandparents.
19. She (marry) Mr Parks in 1993.
20. We (want) information.

Enviar

1. Lots of students passed their exams last year.

2. When did Christopher Columbus discover America?
3. You didn't print your assignment, so I couldn't mark it.
4. The group sang my favourite song.
5. The firemen rescued the two people caught in the fire.
6. My best friend fell in love with her teacher.
7. The terrorist didn't accept the government's deal.
8. Everyone seemed to know a lot.
9. I know her. I met her a few days ago.
10. I finally found my keys.
11. Where did you learn the language?
12. We changed places quite often.
13. They were born and raised in Switzerland.
14. Didn't she study hard last year?
15. I got here two weeks ago.

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16. When did Maria arrive in Canada?

17. I read your application form.
18. When her parents separated she went to live on a farm with her grandparents.
19. She married Mr Parks in 1993.
20. We wanted information.

Autoevaluación
Match the past simple form of the following irregular verbs with their pronunciation.

Matching exercise.

Verb. Match. Pronunciation.

saw 1. /brɔːt/

taught 2. /θɔːt/

thought 3. /hɜː(r)d/

brought 4. /bɪlt/

built 5. /bɔːt/

bought 6. /sɔː/

heard 7. /druː/

chose 8. /tɔːt/

drew 9. /drəʊv/

drove 10. /tʃəʊz/

Enviar

The pronunciation of irregular verbs can be difficult. Revise your list of irregular verbs with their
pronunciations.

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3.4.1.- Now put it into practice (II).

Let's test what we have learned in this lesson. Do you remember the different -ed pronunciations?

Autoevaluación
Classify these regular verbs depending on their -ed pronunciation. Write 1 for /t/, 2 for /d/ and 3
for /id/ in the gaps.

Matching exercise.

Verbs. Match. Pronunciations.

looked.

danced.

lived. 1. /t/

controlled.

walked.

counted.

passed.

mended.
2. /d/
kissed.

stopped.

drowned.

missed. 3. /ɪd/

played.

rested.

laughed.

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shouted.

cried.

Enviar

The ending used to form the past simple and past participle of regular verbs is pronounced:

/t/ after voiceless sounds (/p/, /k/, /f/, /θ/, /s/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/).
/d/ after voiced sounds (/b/, /g/, /v/, /ð/, /z/, /ʒ/, /dʒ/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /l/, /r/, /w/, /j/ and vowel
sounds).
/id/ after /t/ or /d/ sound. (Remember that here there is one extra syllable!).

Autoevaluación
Listen to Victoria's weekend and choose the correct answer.

A Typical Day in The Life o…

Text summary

What did Victoria on Friday?

She had a drink with her students and talked about her friends.
She had a drink with her friends and talked about her students.
She had a drink with her friends and talked about boys.

Sorry! Try again.

Not exactly.

That's great!

Solución

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1. Incorrecto
2. Incorrecto
3. Opción correcta

What was the first thing Victoria did on Saturday?

Eat and feed her pets.
Have a shower.
Have a shower and eat breakfast.

Brilliant!

Not really.

Oops! Try again.

Solución

1. Opción correcta
2. Incorrecto
3. Incorrecto

When did Victoria rest?

On Saturday evening.
On Friday afternoon and Sunday morning.
On Saturday afternoon and Sunday.

Listen carefully and try again.

Not quite right.

Well done!

Solución

1. Incorrecto
2. Incorrecto
3. Opción correcta

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You can watch the video again now. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the past tense forms.

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4.- Words you need: Education.

Caso práctico
Lourdes and Susana decide to continue with their brainstorming session. They want to talk about their
training and how they decided to do their internship in London. Here are some of the words and
expressions they are going to need:

In most countries, children go to school when they are 3 years old. They go to nursery school.
Then, pupils start primary school and when they are 11, they go to secondary school. Some
decide to go to a college for vocational training.

At 18, some pupils leave school and go to university or go to a college for further education /
training. At this stage, they are students, not pupils any more. Then they get a job.

English vocabulary related to education

Exams. Exámenes.

I passed my exam. Aprobé el examen.

I did very well. Lo hice muy bien.

I got eight out of ten. (8/10). Saqué un ocho de 10.

I got a very high / low mark. (19/20). Saqué muy buena / muy mala nota (numérica).

I got a good grade. / I didn't get a very good grade.

Saqué muy buena / muy mala nota (con letra).
(A, B+).

I'm good at PE. Se me da bien la educación física.

I failed my exam. Suspendí el examen.

I did very badly. Lo hice muy mal.

I'm hopeless / very bad at maths. Se me dan muy mal las matemáticas.

To revise. Repasar.

To prepare for an exam. Prepararse para un examen.

Teachers and Pupils. Profesores / profesoras y alumnos / alumnas.

The headteacher / principal (of a school). El director / la directora.

A primary school teacher. Un maestro / una maestra.

A maths teacher. Un profesor / una profesora de matemáticas.

A classmate. Un compañero / una compañera de clase.

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Exams. Exámenes.

A swot (colloquial). Un empollón / una empollona.

Phrases. Expresiones.

Ser el enchufado / la enchufada del profesor o de la

To be the teacher's pet.
profesora.

To do my / your homework. Hacer los deberes.

To play truant.
Hacer novillos (coloquial).
To skive off (colloquial).

To miss class / school. Faltar a clase.

To repeat a year. Repetir curso.

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4.1.- School subjects.

Here is a list of school subjects. How many of these have you learnt at your school?

List of school subjects.

List of school subjects. Spanish.

Algebra. Álgebra.

Art. Dibujo.

Biology. Biología.

Business Studies. Administración de empresas.

Calculus. Cálculo.

Chemistry. Química.

Citizenship. Ciudadanía.

Computer Science / ICT (Information and Communication Technology). Informática.

Design and Technology. Tecnología.

Drama. Teatro.

Economics. Economía.

English. Inglés.

Food Technology. Clase de cocina.

Foreign Languages. Lengua extranjera.

Geography. Geografía.

Geology. Geología.

Geometry. Geometría.

Home Economics. Hogar, economía doméstica.

Keyboarding (Typewriting). Mecanografía.

Literature. Literatura.

Maths. Matemáticas.

Music. Música.

PE (Physical Education). Educación física.

Photography. Fotografía.

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List of school subjects. Spanish.

Physics. Física.

RE (Religious Education). Educación religiosa.

Reading. Lectura.

Science. Ciencias.

Social Studies. Ciencias sociales.

Spanish. Lengua española.

Spelling. Ortografía.

Study Skills. Técnicas de estudio.

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3.2.- The office environment (I).

Overall, the administrative office is a backbone in every sector, ensuring that all necessary financial and
operational tasks are handled efficiently. This support allows the primary professionals in each sector to
concentrate on their specialized roles, thereby enhancing productivity and service quality.

In every sector—healthcare, electricity, cultural, educational, agriculture, ...— there is always an office
dedicated to administrative tasks such as preparing invoices, creating budgets, sending documentation,
and more. This administrative office is crucial to the smooth operation and efficiency of the sector.

There are a lot of directors or managers in the company the girls have to report to, but what do people do in
the office every day? They decide to ask one of their colleagues.

Kevin has been working for British Corporation for five years. He works in an office. This is his everyday routine:

He works at a computer most of the time, where he writes letters and reports.
He answers phone calls and he makes phone calls.
He sends invoices to customers.
He shows visitors around the facilities.
He does general paperwork, e.g. filing reports, writing memos, answering emails and letters.
He arranges meetings for his manager and other managers in the company.

The girls also want to be prepared for their audience and they want to learn more about the office environment.

Office supplies 1.

Office supplies. Material de oficina.

Binder. / Folder. Carpeta.

Briefcase. Maletín.

Calculator. Calculadora.

Calendar. Calendario.

Computer. Ordenador.

Desk. Escritorio.

Diary. Agenda.

Drawer. Cajón.

Envelope. Sobre.

Eraser (AmE).
Goma de borrar.
Rubber (BrE).

External hard drive. Disco duro externo.

Fax machine. Fax.

Files. Archivador / archivo de ordenador.

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Office supplies. Material de oficina.

Filing cabinet. Archivo.

Glue. Pegamento.

Highlighter. Rotulador fluorescente.

Ink. Tinta.

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3.2.1.- The office environment (II).

And here you have a few more words.

Office supplies 2.

Office supplies. Material de oficina.

Keyboard. Teclado.

Laptop. / Netbook. Ordenador portátil (el netbook es más pequeño).

Monitor. Monitor.

Mouse. Ratón.

Notebook. Cuaderno.

Noticeboard. Tablón de anuncios.

Paperclip. Clip.

Pen. Bolígrafo.

Pencil. Lápiz.

Pencil holder. Lapicero.

Pencil sharpener. Sacapuntas.

Photocopier. Fotocopiadora.

Sticky notes. Notas adhesivas.

Index flags. Notas adhesivas pequeñas.

Ruler. Regla.

Scissors. Tijeras.

Stapler. Grapadora.

Tape. Cinta adhesiva.

Thumbtack (AmE).
Chincheta.
Drawing pin (BrE).

USB key / flashdrive. Lápiz USB.

Wastepaper basket. Papelera.

You should know

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Click to hear the word and then click on the picture that best matches the word.

Office supplies vocabulary exercise.

Look for words related to the vocabulary we've just worked on.

Office supplies wordsearch.

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3.3.- Now put it into practice.

Autoevaluación
Can you write words for the following definitions?

A list of goods that have been supplied or work that has been done, showing how much you owe
for them.
Someone who is being taught, especially a child.
A short official note to another person in the same company or organization.
The total number of products that are sold during a particular period of time.
Teaching or relating to the skills you need to do a particular job.
Not to pass a test or examination.

Enviar

Think about it
Write in the forum.

Have you got a job? If so, how many of the following statements are true for you? If you don't have a
job, how many of these things would you like to do?

I work at a computer.
I show people around my workplace.
I occasionally make phone calls.
I send emails all the time.
I arrange meetings.
I write letters and reports.

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Appendix I.- List of irregular verbs.

Irregular verbs.

Phonetic
Verb Phonetic Verb Phonetic
Verb (Past transcription
Nº (Base transcription (Past transcription Spanish
participle) (Past
form) (Base form) simple) (Past simple)
participle)

was /wɒz/
1 be /biː/ been /biːn/ ser/ estar
were /wɜː/

llegar a ser /
2 become /bɪ'kʌm/ became /bɪ'keɪm/ become /bɪ'kʌm/ convertirse
en

3 begin /bɪ'gɪn/ began /bɪ'gæn/ begun /bɪ'gʌn/ empezar

4 break /breɪk/ broke /brəʊk/ broken /'brəʊkən/ romper

5 bring /brɪɳ/ brought /brɔːt/ brought /brɔːt/ traer

6 build /bɪld/ built /bɪlt/ built /bɪlt/ construir

7 buy /baɪ/ bought /bɔːt/ bought /bɔːt/ comprar

8 catch /kætʃ/ caught /kɔːt/ caught /kɔːt/ coger

9 choose /tʃuːz/ chose /tʃəʊz/ chosen /'tʃəʊzən / elegir

10 come /kʌm/ came /keɪm/ come /kʌm/ venir

11 cost /kɒst/ cost /kɒst/ cost /kɒst/ costar

12 cut /kʌt/ cut /kʌt/ cut /kʌt/ cortar

13 do /duː/ did /dɪd/ done /dɒn/ hacer

14 draw /drɔː/ drew /druː/ drawn /drɔːn/ dibujar

15 drink /drɪɳk/ drank /dræɳk/ drunk /drʌɳk/ beber

16 drive /draɪv/ drove drove driven /ˈdrɪv(ə)n/ conducir

17 eat /iːt/ ate /eɪt/ eaten /ˈiːt(ə)n/ comer

18 fall /fɔːl/ fell /fel/ fallen /ˈfɔːlən/ caer

19 feel /fiːl/ felt /felt/ felt /felt/ sentir

20 find /faɪnd/ found /faʊnd/ found /faʊnd/ encontrar

21 fly /flaɪ/ flew /fluː/ flown /fləʊn/ volar

22 forget /fə(r)ˈɡet/ forgot /fə(r)ˈɡɒt/ forgotten /fə(r)ˈɡɒt(ə)n/ olvidar

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Phonetic
Verb Phonetic Verb Phonetic
Verb (Past transcription
Nº (Base transcription (Past transcription Spanish
participle) (Past
form) (Base form) simple) (Past simple)
participle)

conseguir,
23 get /get/ got /ɡɒt/ got /ɡɒt/
obtener

24 give /ɡɪv/ gave /ɡeɪv/ given /ˈɡɪv(ə)n/ dar

25 go /ɡəʊ/ went /went/ gone /ɡɒn/ ir

26 have /hæv/ had /hæd/ had /hæd/ tener

27 hear /hɪə(r)/ heard /hɜː(r)d/ heard /hɜː(r)d/ oir

golpear,
28 hit /hɪt/ hit /hɪt/ hit /hɪt/
pegar

29 hold /həʊld/ held /held/ held /held/ sostener

herir, hacer
30 hurt /hɜː(r)t/ hurt /hɜː(r)t/ hurt /hɜː(r)t/
daño, doler

31 keep /kiːp/ kept /kept/ kept /kept/ mantener

saber,
32 know /nəʊ/ knew /njuː/ known /nəʊn/
conocer

dejar, salir,
33 leave /liːv/ left /left/ left /left/
marcharse

34 lend /lend/ lent /lent/ lent /lent/ prestar

35 lose /luːz/ lost /lɒst/ lost /lɒst/ perder

hacer,
36 make /meɪk/ made /meɪd/ made /meɪd/
fabricar

encontrar,
37 meet /miːt/ met /met/ met /met/ conocer
(gente)

38 pay /peɪ/ paid /peɪd/ paid /peɪd/ pagar

39 put /pʊt/ put /pʊt/ put /pʊt/ poner

40 read /riːd/ read /red/ read /red/ leer

41 ride /raɪd/ rode /rəʊd/ ridden /ˈrɪd(ə)n/ montar

sonar,
42 ring /rɪŋ/ rang /ræŋ/ rung /rʌŋ/
Ilamar

43 run /rʌn/ ran /ræn/ run /ræn/ correr

44 say /seɪ/ said /sed/ said /sed/ decir

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Phonetic
Verb Phonetic Verb Phonetic
Verb (Past transcription
Nº (Base transcription (Past transcription Spanish
participle) (Past
form) (Base form) simple) (Past simple)
participle)

45 see /siː/ saw /sɔː/ seen /siːn/ ver

46 sell /sel/ sold /səʊld/ sold /səʊld/ vender

47 send /send/ sent /sent/ sent /sent/ enviar

48 shine /ʃaɪn/ shone /ʃɒn/ shone /ʃɒn/ brillar

enseñar,
49 show /ʃəʊ/ showed /ʃəʊd/ shown /ʃəʊn/
mostrar

50 sing /sɪŋ/ sang /sæŋ/ sung /sʌŋ/ cantar

51 sit /sɪt/ sat /sæt/ sat /sæt/ sentarse

52 sleep /sliːp/ slept /slept/ slept /slept/ dormir

53 speak /spiːk/ spoke /spəʊk/ spoken /ˈspəʊkn/ hablar

54 spend /spend/ spent /spent/ spent /spent/ gastar

ponerse de
55 stand /stænd/ stood /stʊd/ stood /stʊd/
pie

56 swim /swɪm/ swam /swæm/ swum /swʌm/ nadar

57 take /teɪk/ took /tʊk/ taken /ˈteɪkən/ tomar, coger

58 teach /tiːtʃ/ taught /tɔːt/ taught /tɔːt/ enseñar

59 tell /tel/ told /təʊld/ told /təʊld/ decir, contar

60 think /θɪŋk/ thought /θɔːt/ thought /θɔːt/ pensar

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Appendix.- Licences of resources.

Licences of resources used in session 1. "A new day at the office".

Resource (1) Resource information (1) Resource (2) Resource information (2)

By: fisserman. By: Lourdes Nightingale.

License: CC by-nc-sa License: CC by 2.0.
From: [Link] From: [Link]
fisserman/ plunkmasterknows
21438070/ /357836855/

By: Jeff McNeill.

By: Britt Selvitelle.
License: CC by-sa 2.0.
License: CC by 2.0.
From: Montaje sobre http://
From: [Link]
[Link]/photos/
bs/2271141424/
jeffmcneill/3530675848/

By: Pawns. By: Presidency Maldives.

License: CC by 2.0. License: CC by-nc 2.0.
From: [Link] From: [Link]
photos/42742849@N00/ presidencymaldives
3230969748/ /3610927392/

By: MandaB. By: TIG Photos.

License: CC by-nc-sa 2.0. License: CC by-nc-sa 2.0.
From: [Link] From: [Link]
hellolovely theimagegroup/43378522/
/2669414201/ in/photostream/

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PAST EXPERIENCES. Session 1. [Link]

Licencia: licencia propietaria

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