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Power Sharing Class10 Notes

Power sharing involves distributing political power among different government parts to prevent dominance by any single group, ensuring democratic participation and national unity. It is crucial for reducing conflicts, promoting good governance, and protecting minority rights, as illustrated by the contrasting cases of Belgium and Sri Lanka. Various types of power sharing, including horizontal, vertical, and social group sharing, contribute to a stable and inclusive democracy.

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71 views3 pages

Power Sharing Class10 Notes

Power sharing involves distributing political power among different government parts to prevent dominance by any single group, ensuring democratic participation and national unity. It is crucial for reducing conflicts, promoting good governance, and protecting minority rights, as illustrated by the contrasting cases of Belgium and Sri Lanka. Various types of power sharing, including horizontal, vertical, and social group sharing, contribute to a stable and inclusive democracy.

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Class 10 Political Science Chapter 1: Power Sharing (Full Notes + Key Points)

1. What is Power Sharing?

- Power sharing means dividing political power among various parts of the government.

- Ensures no single person or group has all the power.

- Essential feature of democracy.

- Allows people to participate in decision-making.

- Prevents the dominance of one group over others.

- Helps avoid political and social conflicts.

- Strengthens national unity and integrity.

- Protects the interests of minorities.

- Promotes cooperation and peace in society.

- Used in many democratic countries like India, Belgium, etc.

2. Importance of Power Sharing:

- Reduces the chances of conflict between groups.

- Prevents civil war and political instability.

- Gives equal opportunity to all communities.

- Builds trust among different sections of society.

- Supports the true spirit of democracy.

- Balances power among institutions and levels.

- Ensures participation of citizens in governance.

- Protects the rights and freedoms of people.

- Promotes good governance.

- Helps in peaceful co-existence in diverse societies.


3. Belgium Case Study:

- European country with 3 language groups: Dutch, French, and German.

- Dutch-speaking people: 59%, French: 40%, German: 1%.

- French were economically stronger, creating tensions.

- Dutch-speaking people demanded equal power.

- Civil war was avoided through power sharing.

- Equal representation of Dutch and French in central government.

- State governments are powerful and independent.

- Community Government was formed for cultural matters.

- All groups now have equal rights and say.

- Belgium is a model of peaceful power sharing.

4. Sri Lanka Case Study:

- Island nation in South Asia.

- Sinhalese (74%) are the majority; Tamils (18%) minority.

- Sinhala made the only official language in 1956.

- Tamils denied equal jobs and education.

- Majoritarianism followed rule by majority only.

- Tamils demanded equality and autonomy.

- Conflict turned into a civil war.

- Thousands killed or displaced.

- Caused deep social divide.

- Shows that ignoring minorities causes violence.

5. Types of Power Sharing:

- Horizontal Sharing: Among Legislature, Executive, Judiciary.

- Vertical Sharing: Among Central, State, Local Governments.


- Social Group Sharing: Among religious, linguistic communities.

- Political Parties & Groups: Among parties, pressure groups, etc.

- Horizontal sharing prevents power misuse.

- Vertical sharing supports decentralization.

- Social group sharing protects minorities.

- Political sharing enables coalition governments.

- All types ensure fairness and stability.

- Together they make democracy strong and inclusive.

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