AC Circuit Analysis
answer in detail
The image you uploaded contains a circuit diagram, and the question asks for calculation of power
factor, total power, and current in each branch. This is a common AC circuit analysis problem
involving parallel branches. Let's break it down step by step.
📘 Given (from image):
Voltage source: V = 230 V (assumed rms)
Three parallel branches:
1. Branch A: Resistor R = 10 Ω
2. Branch B: Inductive coil R = 8 Ω, L = 0.04 H
3. Branch C: Capacitor C = 50 μF
Frequency (assumed standard): f = 50 Hz
🧮 Step 1: Impedance of each branch
Branch A (Pure Resistor):
ZA = R = 10 Ω
Branch B (R + L combination):
Inductive reactance:
XL = 2πf L = 2π × 50 × 0.04 = 12.57 Ω
ZB =
R2 + XL2 = 82 + 12.572 =
64 + 158.1 =
222.1 ≈ 14.9 Ω
Branch C (Pure Capacitor):
Capacitive reactance:
1 1 1
XC = = = ≈ 63.66 Ω
2πf C 2π × 50 × 50 × 10−6 0.0157
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ZC = XC = 63.66 Ω
⚡ Step 2: Current in each branch
Branch A:
V 230
IA = = = 23 A (in phase)
10
ZA
Branch B:
230
IB = ≈ 15.44 A (lagging)
14.9
Phase angle ϕB = tan−1 ( XRL ) = tan−1 ( 12.57
8
) ≈ 57.5∘
So:
IB = 15.44∠ − 57.5∘
Branch C:
230
IC = ≈ 3.61 A (leading 90∘ )
63.66
IC = 3.61∠90∘
🔁 Step 3: Total current (phasor sum)
Convert all currents to rectangular form:
IA = 23 + j0
IB = 15.44∠ − 57.5∘ = 8.34 − j13.03
IC = 3.61∠90∘ = 0 + j3.61
Total current:
Itotal = (23 + 8.34 + 0) + j(0 − 13.03 + 3.61) = 31.34 − j9.42
Magnitude:
∣Itotal ∣ =
31.342 + (−9.42)2 ≈ 982.9 + 88.7 =
1071.6 ≈ 32.75 A
Phase angle:
−9.42
ϕ = tan−1 ( ) ≈ −16.6∘
31.34
✅ Step 4: Total Power and Power Factor
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Power Factor:
Power Factor = cos(16.6∘ ) ≈ 0.957 (Lagging)
Total Power:
P = V ⋅ I ⋅ cos ϕ = 230 × 32.75 × 0.957 ≈ 7212 W
✅ Final Answers:
Current in each branch:
IA = 23 A
IB = 15.44 A (lagging 57.5∘ )
IC = 3.61 A (leading 90∘ )
Total current: 32.75 A at −16.6∘
Total power: 7212 W
Power factor: 0.957 lagging
Would you like a phasor diagram or waveform plot for better visualization?
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