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National Institute of Technology, Agartala: Seminar Presentation Topic: Transformer Losses and Efficiency Improvement

The seminar presentation discusses transformer losses and efficiency improvement, focusing on core losses (hysteresis and eddy current) and copper losses that vary with load. It emphasizes the importance of minimizing these losses through the use of high-quality materials, proper design, and efficient cooling systems. The conclusion highlights the potential for future smart transformers equipped with IoT monitoring to further reduce losses.

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Satish Kumar Gupta
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64 views12 pages

National Institute of Technology, Agartala: Seminar Presentation Topic: Transformer Losses and Efficiency Improvement

The seminar presentation discusses transformer losses and efficiency improvement, focusing on core losses (hysteresis and eddy current) and copper losses that vary with load. It emphasizes the importance of minimizing these losses through the use of high-quality materials, proper design, and efficient cooling systems. The conclusion highlights the potential for future smart transformers equipped with IoT monitoring to further reduce losses.

Uploaded by

Satish Kumar Gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, AGARTALA

SEMINAR PRESENTATION TOPIC:


TRANSFORMER LOSSES AND EFFICIENCY
IMPROVEMENT

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

NAME: Satish Kumar Gupta


ENROLLMENT NO: 23UEE091
REGISTRATION NO: 2316583
SECTION: A
SEMESTER: IV PAGE -1
CONTENTS

• Introduction
• Types of Losses
• Core Loss
• Copper Loss
• Other Minor Losses
• Efficiency of Transformer
• Efficiency Improvement
• Conclusion

PAGE -2
Introduction
Transformers are static electrical devices used to step up or step down voltage in
AC circuits using electromagnetic induction. Since they operate continuously in
power grids, even a small inefficiency can lead to huge power losses over time.
That’s why minimizing losses is so important.

PAGE -3
Types of Losses

Two Main Categories:

1. Core ( Iron ) Loss - Constant loss


2. Copper Loss - Vary with load

PAGE -4
Core Loss

Hysteresis Loss
Hysteresis loss occurs due to repeated
magnetization in the core, and can be reduced
by using materials like Silicon Steel or Ferrite.

Eddy Current Loss


Eddy current loss is caused by circulating
currents in the core due to changing magnetic
fields. Laminating the core reduces these
losses.

PAGE -5
Copper Loss
• Due to resistance in
winding ( I²R )
• Depends on load current

Copper losses depend on the current and increase with load.


These are variable losses and can be minimized by using
conductors with low resistance like copper or aluminum, and by
proper transformer design.

PAGE -6
Other Minor Losses

• Stray Losses

• Dielectric Losses

• Cooling System Losses

There are also some minor losses like stray losses due to leakage
flux, dielectric losses in insulating materials, and losses in the cooling
system like oil pumps and fans.

PAGE -7
Efficiency Of Transformer

Efficiency = (Output / Input) × 100

Max Efficiency occurs when:


Iron Loss = Copper Loss

The overall efficiency of a transformer is the ratio of output power to


input power.

PAGE -8
How to Improve Efficiency
• High-quality core materials (like Amorphous steel)
• Low-resistance copper windings
• Proper lamination of core
• Efficient cooling systems
• Avoiding overloading/underloading

To improve efficiency, manufacturers use advanced materials like


amorphous steel which have lower hysteresis loss. Thick copper
windings reduce resistance. Laminating the core helps minimize
eddy currents. Proper cooling and load management also play a
major role.

PAGE -9
Conclusion
Losses can’t be eliminated, but can be reduced

Design + material + operation = High efficiency

Future: Smart transformers with IoT monitoring

In the future, smart transformers with IoT sensors may


help us monitor and control these losses in real time.

PAGE -10
REFERENCES
[Link], P.S. Electrical Machinery. Khanna Publishers.
[Link], I.J. & Kothari, D.P. Electric Machines. Tata McGraw-Hill
Education.
[Link], J.B. Theory and Performance of Electrical Machines. S.K.
Kataria & Sons.
[Link] – Articles on Transformer Losses and
Efficiency
[Link] – Transformer working principles and
losses
[Link] Lectures – Transformer Basics and Efficiency (Prof. N.C.
Narayana, IIT Madras)
PAGE -11
Thank You

PAGE -12

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