Preliminary assessment of the photovoltaic electricity production

Project Semarang
Geographical coordinates -7.036029°, 110.350637° (-07°02'10", 110°21'02")
Report generated 07 May 2025
Generated by Global Solar Atlas
Map link [Link]
637,10&pv=hydro,0,10,1000
Project Semarang
Location unnamed road, Gunung Pati, Semarang 50211, Central Java, Indonesia
Geographical coordinates -7.036029°, 110.350637° (-07°02'10", 110°21'02")
Time zone UTC+07, Asia/Jakarta [WIB]
Elevation 132 m
ava, Indonesia
PV system configuration

Floating large scale This option covers large floating solar PV installations. It is considered that modules a

System size 1000 kWp

Tilt of PV panels 10 °
Azimuth of PV panels 0°
is considered that modules are assembled on plastic floating pontoons, oriented towards the equator. Modules have lower op
equator. Modules have lower operational temperature due to cooling by evaporation of surface water. A higher mismatch bet
ace water. A higher mismatch between modules in a string (wave-induced mismatch) and higher soiling due to bird droppings
her soiling due to bird droppings is expected. In this example installation, string inverters and distribution transformer are cons
distribution transformer are considered. In comparison to large-scale ground-mounted PV installations, the expected availabili
stallations, the expected availability of the system is lower due to a harsher environment, with a higher probability of occurren
h a higher probability of occurrence of various failure types.
Map data

Direct normal irradiation DNI 1231.4 kWh/m²

Global horizontal irradiation GHI 1850.1 kWh/m²
Diffuse horizontal irradiation DIF 924.7 kWh/m²
Global tilted irradiation at optimum angle GTI_opta 1883 kWh/m²
Air temperature TEMP 25.5 °C
Optimum tilt of PV modules OPTA 12 °
Terrain elevation ELE 132 m
Monthly averages

PVOUT_specific PVOUT_total DNI

kWh/kWp kWh kWh/m²
Jan 93.4 93,367.5 63.1
Feb 88 87,965.9 60.2
Mar 109.1 109,076.4 84.9
Apr 112.2 112,206.7 96.1
May 121.7 121,709.6 120.9
Jun 115.9 115,893.3 122.3
Jul 129.1 129,077.2 144.3
Aug 138.5 138,511.0 148.6
Sep 138.4 138,435.6 144.8
Oct 131.3 131,282.9 116.7
Nov 106.3 106,322.4 83.1
Dec 93.6 93,607.9 63
Yearly 1377.5 1377456.5 1248.2
Average hourly profiles

Total photovoltaic power output [Wh]

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

0-1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1-2 0 0 0 0 0 0
2-3 0 0 0 0 0 0
3-4 0 0 0 0 0 0
4-5 0 0 0 0 0 0
5-6 2223 0 0 757 307 0
6-7 52003 40048 52442 66786 67013 55970
7-8 170741 165281 201600 230459 235604 219204
8-9 290024 291573 347893 386637 389750 370535
9 - 10 376952 386937 448989 492241 503503 484465
10 - 11 426836 444624 503291 543542 569135 550086
11 - 12 434515 458551 513705 542993 576269 565928
12 - 13 409773 437704 485727 512932 540571 535085
13 - 14 346843 379040 404292 423294 453619 454006
14 - 15 254749 266044 290952 291119 327080 339613
15 - 16 152935 165343 175151 172356 189947 206039
16 - 17 75437 84879 82829 72075 70752 79234
17 - 18 18822 21615 11723 5032 2566 2944
18 - 19 0 0 0 0 0 0
19 - 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
20 - 21 0 0 0 0 0 0
21 - 22 0 0 0 0 0 0
22 - 23 0 0 0 0 0 0
23 - 24 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sum 3011853 3141639 3518594 3740223 3926116 3863109

Direct normal irradiation [Wh/m²]

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

0-1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1-2 0 0 0 0 0 0
2-3 0 0 0 0 0 0
3-4 0 0 0 0 0 0
4-5 0 0 0 0 0 0
5-6 0 0 0 0 0 0
6-7 33 32 77 93 110 109
7-8 182 182 249 293 337 338
8-9 252 255 336 402 447 447
9 - 10 280 284 361 443 510 513
10 - 11 280 280 364 436 533 537
11 - 12 258 275 345 410 508 518
12 - 13 239 268 327 384 468 485
13 - 14 206 244 275 314 396 420
14 - 15 150 156 193 206 292 334
15 - 16 89 94 123 135 193 237
16 - 17 51 58 77 78 105 136
17 - 18 16 23 13 9 0 0
18 - 19 0 0 0 0 0 0
19 - 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
20 - 21 0 0 0 0 0 0
21 - 22 0 0 0 0 0 0
22 - 23 0 0 0 0 0 0
23 - 24 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sum 2036 2151 2740 3203 3899 4074
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 3822 8179 11661 5882
53275 64425 102864 120095 110517 76933
222516 248350 289496 292516 257548 202596
386299 423075 461092 443943 390122 322714
508762 553132 584595 550497 477018 404697
583969 626392 647419 594949 507991 437887
595903 637736 650054 589383 501658 432202
570403 603049 605688 548861 451309 389386
501230 524739 521396 467373 371976 317538
386470 407841 395649 341369 256752 225536
244841 259891 248720 200551 145503 135321
104677 111642 98225 73561 58171 61574
5436 7826 5501 3657 3853 7343
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
4163781 4468098 4614521 4234934 3544079 3019609

Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
116 125 184 158 137 73
369 388 413 337 276 197
 495 528 542 441 355 269
571 606 608 495 382 298
601 625 622 491 366 276
572 596 591 457 338 255
540 548 540 429 302 224
488 485 480 378 254 180
406 400 393 288 180 123
299 296 287 190 113 84
183 179 155 94 63 48
18 19 13 6 5 7
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
4658 4795 4828 3764 2771 2034
Acronyms and glossary

Acronym Full name Unit Type of use

DIF Diffuse horizontal irradiation kWh/m², MJ/m² Average yearly, monthly or
DNI Direct normal irradiation kWh/m², MJ/m² Average yearly, monthly or
ELE Terrain elevation m, ft Elevation of terrain surface
GHI Global horizontal irradiation kWh/m², MJ/m² Average annual, monthly or
GTI Global tilted irradiation kWh/m², MJ/m² Average annual, monthly or
GTI opta Global tilted irradiation at optimum angle kWh/m², MJ/m² Average annual, monthly or
OPTA Optimum tilt of PV modules ° Optimum tilt of fix-mounted
PVOUT_specific Specific photovoltaic power output kWh/kWp Yearly and monthly average
PVOUT_total Total photovoltaic power output kWh, MWh, GWh Yearly and monthly average
TEMP Air temperature °C, °F Average yearly, monthly and
 erage yearly, monthly or daily sum of diffuse horizontal irradiation (© 2025 Solargis)
erage yearly, monthly or daily sum of direct normal irradiation (© 2025 Solargis)
evation of terrain surface above/below sea level, processed and integrated from SRTM-3 data and related data products (SRTM
erage annual, monthly or daily sum of global horizontal irradiation (© 2025 Solargis)
erage annual, monthly or daily sum of global tilted irradiation (© 2025 Solargis)
erage annual, monthly or daily sum of global tilted irradiation for PV modules fix-mounted at optimum angle (© 2025 Solargis)
ptimum tilt of fix-mounted PV modules facing towards Equator set for maximizing GTI input (© 2025 Solargis)
arly and monthly average values of photovoltaic electricity (AC) delivered by a PV system and normalized to 1 kWp of installed
arly and monthly average values of photovoltaic electricity (AC) delivered by the total installed capacity of a PV system (© 2025
erage yearly, monthly and daily air temperature at 2 m above ground. Calculated from outputs of ERA5 model (© 2025 ECMW
 and related data products (SRTM v4.1 © 2004 - 2025, CGIAR-CSI)

optimum angle (© 2025 Solargis)

© 2025 Solargis)
normalized to 1 kWp of installed capacity (© 2025 Solargis)
d capacity of a PV system (© 2025 Solargis)
ts of ERA5 model (© 2025 ECMWF, post-processed by Solargis)