Scribd
Upload
16 views10 pages

Heat Transfer 3

Heat energy is transferred through conduction, convection, and radiation, with conduction being the transfer of thermal energy without material flow. Metals are good conductors of heat due to tightly held atoms that vibrate and transfer energy, while non-metals, liquids, and gases are poor conductors or insulators. Insulators trap air in small pockets, making materials like fur, wool, and double-glazed windows effective at preventing heat transfer.

Uploaded by

jadjah231
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
16 views10 pages

Heat Transfer 3

Heat energy is transferred through conduction, convection, and radiation, with conduction being the transfer of thermal energy without material flow. Metals are good conductors of heat due to tightly held atoms that vibrate and transfer energy, while non-metals, liquids, and gases are poor conductors or insulators. Insulators trap air in small pockets, making materials like fur, wool, and double-glazed windows effective at preventing heat transfer.

Uploaded by

jadjah231
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

How is Heat energy transferred ?

Heat transfer by conduction.


Heat energy only flows when there is a temperature difference.

HOT COLD
There are 3 ways of transferring (moving) heat: conduction, convection and radiation

1. Conduction : 2. Convection : …… 3. Radiation :


Process of transfer
of thermal energy
without any flow
of material
medium.
Conduction experiment (Solids)
Conduction in solids (metals and non-metals)

Metals are good conductors of heat because:


 Metals atoms are held tightly together
 When some atoms are heated they vibrate more
 These vibrations pass on to neighbouring atoms
 The vibrations (heat) move through the metal

Non-Metals are poor conductors of heat (Insulators)


Conduction experiment (liquids)
Metals are good conductors of heat and non-metals are poor conductors of
heat (insulators).
Are liquids good at conducting heat?
 Use some gauze to hold an 100ºC
ice cube at the bottom of a
tube of water.
 Carefully heat the water at
the top of the tube only, 0ºC
until this water is boiling.

 If the liquid is good at


conducting, the ice should
quickly melt – it doesn’t.
Liquids are poor conductors of heat (i.e. good insulators).
Conduction in liquids

Liquids are poor conductors


of heat because:

liquid particles are far apart


and move

Vibrations are not easily


passed on to neighbouring
particles
Conduction experiment (gases)
Liquids are poor conductors of heat (good insulators).
Are gases good at conducting heat?

 Carefully hold a safety match


1 cm away from a Bunsen
burner flame. (Do not put the
match in the flame!)

 If a gas is a good conductor, the


air between the flame and the
match should conduct heat and
light the match – it doesn’t.

 Gases are poor conductors of heat (i.e. good insulators).


Conduction in gases
Gases are very poor conductors of
heat because:

gas particles are very far apart and


move very fast

Vibrations are very hard to pass on


to neighbouring particles
Insulators
Air (gas) is a very poor conductor

Any material that traps air in small pockets is a good


insulator.

Examples of Good Insulators include:

• Fur , feathers, woollen clothes

• Double glazed windows, bubble wrap.


Conduction-summary table

Material Conductor or Insulator?


metals very good conductors

non-metals insulators

liquids insulators

gases good insulators

vacuum excellent insulator


Conduction – compare a metal and a non-metal
Which material feels warmer if you touch a piece of wood and a piece
copper metal, both at room temperature (i.e. both at 25oC)?

The wood feels warmer because it is a poor conductor. It cannot conduct heat away
from your hand as quickly as the copper which is a good conductor.

You might also like