cae 2 Ecosystem | Introduction | L._ The term ecosystem was coined by | (a) E. Haeckel (b) [Link] | (©) BROdum (a) A.G. Tansley (NEET-1 2016) [72] ecosystem —structure and Function 2. Which one ofthe followingisa characteristic feature of cropland ecosystem? {@) Absence of weeds | (b) Ecological succession oy (6) Absence of soil organisms (a) Least genetic diversity (NEET-12016) 3. Vertical distribution of different species occupying Afferent levels in abiotic community is known as (a) zonation (©) pyramid (©) divergence {@) stratification. (2015 Cancelled) 4 5. (©) Mortality (4) Sex-ratio (2010) | 6. Which of the following is the most stable ecosystem? (a) Mountain (b) Ocean (©) Forest (4) Desert (1995) (22) Productivity 7. In an ecosystem if the net primary productivity | (NPP) of first trophic level is 100. (keal mr) yr’, what would be the GPP (Gross Primary Productivity) of the third trophic level of | the same ecosystem! (o) F(heatmi?) yr (b) x (keat 3) yr | 2, (©) 10x (Real me) yr (2024) GPP is Gross Primary Productivity NPP is Net Primary Productivity Rhere is__. {(b) reproductive allocation (€) photosyntheticaly active radiation (4) respiratory quotient In the equation, GPP ~ R= NPP R represents productivity is always less than primary productivity. (b) Gross primary productivity is always more than Net primary productivity. (©) Gross primary productivity and Net primary productivity are one and same. (@) ‘There is no relationship between Gross 9 (2020) primary productivity and Net primary productivity. “The mass of living material at a trophic level at a particular time is called (a) net primary productivity (b) standing crop (©) gross primary productivity (@) standing state. (2015 Cancelled) In an ecosystem the rate of production of organic matter during photosynthesis is termed as (a) secondary productivity (b) net productivity (©) net primary productivity (€) gross primary productivity, (2015 Cancelled) @TeamKohinoorOfficiall and @TeamKohinoor Official13, MM TA 19, 20, 2. 22. Secondary productivity is rate of formation of new “organic matter by (a) consumers (b) decomposers (©) producers (@) parasites. (2013) ‘The rate of formation of new organic matter by rabbit ina grassland, is called (@) net productivity (b) secondary productivi (©) net primary productivity (2) gross primary productivity. (Mains 2013) Mass of living matter at atrophic level in an area at any time is ealled (a) standing crop (©) hummus (b) detritus (a) standing state. (2011) - The biomass available for consumption by the herbivores and the decomposersis called (@) net primary productivity (b) secondary productivity (© standing crop (4) gross primary productivity (2010) Which one ofthe following ecosystem types has the highest annual net primary productivity? (a) “Tropical deciduous forest (b) Temperate evergreen forest (6) Temperate deciduous forest (a) Tropical rainforest (2007) |. Which of the following is expected to have the /highest value (gm/m?yr) in a grassland ecosystem? (a) Secondary production (b) Tertiary production (©) Gross production (GP) (@) Net production (NP) (2004) ‘The rate at which light energy is converted into chemical energy of organic molecules isthe ecosystems {a) net secondary productivi (b) gross primary productivity (C) net primary productivity (€) gross secondary productivity. (1998) Which of the following ecosystem has the highest gr0ss primary productivity? () Mangroves (b) Rainforest (©) Grasstand (@) Coral reef (1997) Maximum solar energy is trapped by (@) planting trees (b) cultivating crops (©) growing algae in tanks (@) growing grasses. (1993) A very efficient converter of solar energy with net productivity of 204 kg/m? or more is the erop (a) wheat (b) sugarcane (© tee (@) bajea (1989) ‘Ws NEET-AIPMT ChapterwiseTopcwise Solitons IESE | ([123) Decomposition | 23. Given blow are two statements Statement I: Decomposition isa process in which the detritus is degraded into simpler substances by microbes. Statement I: Decomposition ister ifthe detritus isrich in Bgnin and chitin Inthe light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below (a) Both Statement I and Statement I are correct (©) Both Statement land Statement IL ae incorrect. (© Statement 1 is correct but Statement Il is incorrect, (@) Statement 1 is incorrect but Statement Il is correct. (2022) Detrtivores breakdown detritus into smaller particles. This proces i called (@) Catabolism (b) Fragmentation (© Humifeation —_(@) Decomposition (2022) Which one of the following processes during decomposition i correctly described? (@) Catabolism ~ Last step in the decomposition under fly anaerobic condition (©) Leaching ~ Water soluble inorganic nutrients Fis tothe top layers of oi (©) Fragmentation ~Carsed out by organisms such as earthworm | (@ Humiliation ~ Leads to the accumulation of « dark coloured substance humus which undergoes microbial ation at a very fast rate, (2013) . The breakdoven of detritus into smaller particles by earthworm ia proces called (@) humifiation —(b) fragmentation (©) mineralisation (€) catabolism (Mains 2011) ‘The slow rate of decomposition of filen logs in nature is duc their | G@) anaerobic environment around them (©) low cellulose content | (© low moisture content (@) poor nitrogen content. Plant decomposes are (@) monera and fungi (6) fungi and plants (6) protista and animalis (2) animalia and monera (2001) Which ofthe following acts as “natures scavenger"? (@) Insects (b) Microorganisms (© Man @) Animals (1987) 4, | 26. 27, (2008) 28. | 29.Ecosystem 30. If we completely remove the decomposers from an ecosystem, is functioning will be adversely affected, because (a) mineral movement will be blocked (b) the rate of decomposition will be very high (©) energy flow will be blocked (@) herbivores wil not receive solar energy. (1995) | (124) Energy Flow 531. Kdemtify the correct statements: ‘A. Detrivores perform fragmentation. B. The humus is further degraded by some microbes during mineralisation ‘Water soluble inorganic nutrients go down into the soil and get precipitated by a process called leaching, ‘The detritus food chain begins with living organisms. c D. E particles by a process called catabolism. Choose the correct answer from the options given belox (@) CD,Eonly () D,E,Aonly (©) A,B,Conly (a) BC,Donly (2023) 32, ‘Theprimary producersofthe deep sea hydrothermal vent ecosystem are (a) green algae (b) chemosynthetic bacteria (6) blue-green algae (@) coral reefs, (NEET-2016) Earthworms break down detritus into smaller | | | | 233. Most animals that ive in deep oceanic waters are (a) tertiary consumers (b) detritivores (©) primary consumers (€) secondary consumers. (2015) 34, 1f20 J of energy is trapped at producer level, then how much energy will be available to peacock as food in the following chain? Plant —> Mice — Snake > Peacock Q (@) 0.02) (b) 0.002) (©) 02) {a) 0.0002 (2014) 35. Which of the following is a primary consumer in | maize field ecosystem? (a) Grasshopper ——_(b) Wolf (©) Phytoplankton (@) Lion (Karnataka NEE 2013) | 36. When man eats fish which feeds on zooplanktons which have eaten small plants, the producer in this chain is (a) small plants b) fish (©) man (€) zooplankton, (Karnataka NEET 2013) 167 37. Identify the possible link “A” in the following food chain. lant —» Insect ~> Frog —> “A” + Eagle (a) Rabbit (b) Wolf (©) Cobra (2) Parrot (2012) 38. Identify the likely organisms (1), (2), (3) and (4) in the food web shown below. Lica {own fo. Mice @)_ Si No A torre 7 Veqsnton Seeds ~ ®o @ 8 & (@) Deer Rabbit Frog Rat (b) Dog Squirrel Bat Deer (©) Rat Dog Tortoise Crow (@) Squirrel Cat Rat Pigeon (Mains 2012) 39. Of the total incident solar radiation the proportion of PARis (2) about 70% (6) about 60% (© lessthan 50% (4) more than 80%. (2011) 40. Which one of the following animals may oceupy more than one trophic levels inthe same ecosystem at the same time? (@) Sparrow (b) Lion (© Goat (a) Frog (Mains 2011) 41. Which one of the following types of organisms occupy more than one trophic level in a pond ecosystem? (a) Fish {b) Zooplankton (©) Frog (@) Phytoplankton (2009) 42, Consider the following statements concerning food chains, ‘A. Removal of 80% tigers from an area resulted in greatly increased growth of vegetation. Removal of most ofthe carnivores resulted in an increased population of deers “The length of food chains is generally li 3-4 trophic levels due to energy loss. “The length of food chains may vary from 2 to 8 trophic levels. ted to168 43, a4 46, a7, 49. 2. Which two ofthe above statements are correct? (@) A.D (b) AB 2 BC op (2008) Bamboo plant is growing in a fir forest then what will be the trophic level of i? (a) First trophic level (T,) (b) Second trophic level (T;) (6) Thitd trophic level (T,) (€) Fourth trophic level (T,) (2002) ‘Which is the reason for highest biomass in aquatic ecosystem? (a) Nano plankton, blue green algae and green wees i (b) Sea grass andl slime moulds (9 Banc tnd brown ape 2 (4) Diatoms (2000) nergy transfer from one trophic level o othe, ina food chain, is @) 10% (b) 20% © 1% (€) 2%. (1999) 1m a terrestrial ecosystem such as forest, maximum energy i in which trophic level? (@) T; b) T. oT, (d) T, (1998) ‘he 10% energy transfer law of food han was given by (@) Lindeman) Tansey {© Sunley (@) Weismann '. In a biotic community, the primary consumers are (a) detritivores (b) herbivores (©) carnivores (@) omnivores. (1995) The dominant second trophic level, in a lake ‘ecosystem, i (a) phytoplankton (b) zooplankton (6) benthos (@) plankton, (1994) Food chain in which microorganisms breakdown the food formed by primary producers is (a) parasitic food chain () detritus food chain (6) consumer food chain (@) predator food chain, (1991) «Pick up the correct food chain. (2) Grass—> Chameleon —> Insect > Bird (b) Grass— Fox —> Rabbit > Bird (©) Phytoplankton —> Zooplankton —» Fish (7) (@) Fallen leaves > Bacteria Insect larvae Say) an) Upper part of sea/aquatic ecosystem contains (@) plankton (1996) | ce NEET-AIPMT Chapterwise Topicwise Solutions (©) nekton (©) plankton and nekon (@) benthos. What is true of ecosystem? (@) Primary consumers are least dependent upon producers. (8) Primary consumers out-nusmber producers. (©) Producers are moze than primary consumers. (4) Secondary consumers are the largest and most (1988) powerful (1988) 54, Inan ecosystem, which one shows one-way passage? (a) Free energy (b) Carbon (©) Nitrogen (4) Potassium (1988) [125] Ecological Pyramids 55, Which of the following statements is not correct? (@) Pyramid of numbers ina grassland ecosystem is upright ‘of biomass in sea is generally inverted, of biomass in sea is generally upright pry (@) Pyramid of energy is always upright. (2021) ‘Match the trophic levels with their correct species examples in grassland ecosystem. (A) Fourth trophiclevel_ (i) Crow (B) Second trophic level (ji). Vulture (© First trophic level (ii) Rabbit (DD) Thitd trophic level (iv) Grass Select the correct option. ®) @) (© () (@) Gi) Gai) (i) ©) Gi) GD) Ow Gi) @ @ @O GG) Gu) (2020) - Which of the following ecological pyramids is ‘generally inverted? {a) Pyramid of biomass ina sea (b) Pyramid of nunbers in grassland (©) Pyramid of energy (a) Pyramid of biomass ina forest (2019) What type of ecological pyramid would be obtained with the following data? Secondary consumer : 120 g Primary consumer: 60 g Primary producer : 10 g (a) Inverted pyramid of biomass (b) Pyramid of energy (©) Upright pyramid of numbers (€) Upright pyramid of biomass 2 (2018)Ecosystem 59, Which ecosystem has the maximum biomass? | (2) Grastand ecosystem | (b) Pond ecosystem (6) Lake ecosystem {@) Forest ecosystem (2017) (60. Given below is an imaginary pyramid of numbers What could be one of the possibilities about certain organisms at some of the diferent levels? wo sc Pc Pe r ~ | (a) Level PC is “insects™ and level SC is “small | insectivorous birds (b) Level PP is “phytoplanktons” in sea and “whale” 169 63, Which of the following representations shows the pyramid of numbers ina forest ecosystem? “il B S D @ D A @ (OB (@)C (Mains 2010) 64, Which one of the following is not used for ‘ontop level TC, construction of ecological pyramids? (©) Level one PP is “pipal trees” and the level SCis | (q) Fresh weight “sheep |b) Dey weight (a tn? ede SC ew 1 Devi a (22) |G) tac omy tow cau 61. "The upright pyramid of number is absent in 65. Pyramid of numbers deals with number of © pond be (a) species in an area (© lake (@) grassland, (2012) | m & Wek Fie teled os es (b) individuals in a community {a) Its base is broad. | (d) subspecies in a community. | (1993) {b) It shows energy content of different trophic level | 6. Pyramid of ‘numbers in a pond ecosystem is organisms. (a) irregular (b) inverted (6) Itis inverted in shape. | ©) upright (@) spindle shaped. (d) Itis upright in shape. (2011) | (1993) —--—— ———CTANSWER KEY —_—— — . @2 @ 3s @ & @ @ 6 & % © & @ 9% (a) 10, (b) ) 12 @ 13 @ 1% &) 15% @) 16 f@) 1% @) (©) 19 (by) 20. (b) Om BO Aw B © % O 7 @ Bw) B WH 3 @) O32 bh oO) @) FFG) 36 @) 7% | 3 @ 3% ( 4. O26 8 WH © 8 @ & © 47 @ & & & O 5 (©) 52 (@) 5% ( 54 fa) 55. (c) 56 (8) 57% (a) 58 (a) 59. (d) 60. (a) (>) 62 (63. (bd) 6H. (a) 65.) 66. its & Explanations 1 ( 1935, 2. (a) Cropland ecosystem is an artificial or man-made | The term ecosystem was coined by A.G, Tansley in ecosystem which ie ercated and maintained. by | gs for thei maxima benefits Therefore, they wll | have least genetic diversity. x @ 4. (d) + Four important functional aspects ofthe ecosystem are productivity, decomposition, energy flow and nutrient eyeing. 5. (a) sThe characteristics of biological community are dominance, species diversity, trophic organisation, Stratification, dynamism and stability. Organisms are not uniformly distributed throughout a community. They usually occur in definite zones. ‘This spatial arrangement of populations is called stratification. Structurally «community may be divided horizontally into sulommunities. ‘This horizontal division constitutes the zonation inthe community. Natality, mortality, age stracture and sex ratio are the basic characteristics ofa population