Cardiac Output - Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
1. What is the formula for calculating cardiac output?
- Heart rate x Body weight
- Stroke volume x Heart rate
- End diastolic volume x Heart rate
- Preload x Heart rate
Answer: Stroke volume x Heart rate
2. What is the normal resting cardiac output in healthy young men?
- 4.0 L/min
- 5.6 L/min
- 6.5 L/min
- 7.2 L/min
Answer: 5.6 L/min
3. Which condition increases cardiac output by increasing heart rate?
- Parasympathetic stimulation
- Expiration
- Sympathetic stimulation
- Increased intracranial pressure
Answer: Sympathetic stimulation
4. What is preload?
- Resistance in systemic circulation
- End systolic volume
- Stretch of myocardium before contraction
- Force of contraction
Answer: Stretch of myocardium before contraction
5. What is the effect of increased end-diastolic volume?
- Decreases stroke volume
- Increases stroke volume
- Has no effect on stroke volume
- Decreases preload
Answer: Increases stroke volume
6. Which factor decreases heart rate (negative chronotropism)?
- Excitement
- Exercise
- Parasympathetic stimulation
- Sympathetic stimulation
Answer: Parasympathetic stimulation
7. Which factor does NOT affect cardiac output directly?
- Age
- Gender
- Exercise
- Metabolism
Answer: Gender
8. What is the normal heart rate in a young adult?
- 40-80 BPM
- 60-100 BPM
- 90-120 BPM
- 50-90 BPM
Answer: 60-100 BPM
9. What is the term for a heart rate below 60 BPM?
- Tachycardia
- Bradycardia
- Normocardia
- Arrhythmia
Answer: Bradycardia
10. What is afterload?
- Volume in the ventricles after contraction
- Stretch of the ventricles
- Resistance ventricles must overcome
- Force of atrial contraction
Answer: Resistance ventricles must overcome
11. Which factor decreases heart rate (negative chronotropism)? (var.)
- Excitement
- Exercise
- Parasympathetic stimulation
- Sympathetic stimulation
Answer: Parasympathetic stimulation
12. What is the formula for calculating cardiac output? (var.)
- Heart rate x Body weight
- Stroke volume x Heart rate
- End diastolic volume x Heart rate
- Preload x Heart rate
Answer: Stroke volume x Heart rate
13. What is the normal resting cardiac output in healthy young men? (var.)
- 4.0 L/min
- 5.6 L/min
- 6.5 L/min
- 7.2 L/min
Answer: 5.6 L/min
14. What is the effect of increased end-diastolic volume? (var.)
- Decreases stroke volume
- Increases stroke volume
- Has no effect on stroke volume
- Decreases preload
Answer: Increases stroke volume
15. What is preload? (var.)
- Resistance in systemic circulation
- End systolic volume
- Stretch of myocardium before contraction
- Force of contraction
Answer: Stretch of myocardium before contraction
16. What is preload? (var.)
- Resistance in systemic circulation
- End systolic volume
- Stretch of myocardium before contraction
- Force of contraction
Answer: Stretch of myocardium before contraction
17. What is afterload? (var.)
- Volume in the ventricles after contraction
- Stretch of the ventricles
- Resistance ventricles must overcome
- Force of atrial contraction
Answer: Resistance ventricles must overcome
18. Which factor decreases heart rate (negative chronotropism)? (var.)
- Excitement
- Exercise
- Parasympathetic stimulation
- Sympathetic stimulation
Answer: Parasympathetic stimulation
19. Which factor decreases heart rate (negative chronotropism)? (var.)
- Excitement
- Exercise
- Parasympathetic stimulation
- Sympathetic stimulation
Answer: Parasympathetic stimulation
20. What is the term for a heart rate below 60 BPM? (var.)
- Tachycardia
- Bradycardia
- Normocardia
- Arrhythmia
Answer: Bradycardia
21. What is preload? (var.)
- Resistance in systemic circulation
- End systolic volume
- Stretch of myocardium before contraction
- Force of contraction
Answer: Stretch of myocardium before contraction
22. What is the effect of increased end-diastolic volume? (var.)
- Decreases stroke volume
- Increases stroke volume
- Has no effect on stroke volume
- Decreases preload
Answer: Increases stroke volume
23. What is the formula for calculating cardiac output? (var.)
- Heart rate x Body weight
- Stroke volume x Heart rate
- End diastolic volume x Heart rate
- Preload x Heart rate
Answer: Stroke volume x Heart rate
24. What is the formula for calculating cardiac output? (var.)
- Heart rate x Body weight
- Stroke volume x Heart rate
- End diastolic volume x Heart rate
- Preload x Heart rate
Answer: Stroke volume x Heart rate
25. Which condition increases cardiac output by increasing heart rate? (var.)
- Parasympathetic stimulation
- Expiration
- Sympathetic stimulation
- Increased intracranial pressure
Answer: Sympathetic stimulation
26. What is the formula for calculating cardiac output? (var.)
- Heart rate x Body weight
- Stroke volume x Heart rate
- End diastolic volume x Heart rate
- Preload x Heart rate
Answer: Stroke volume x Heart rate
27. What is afterload? (var.)
- Volume in the ventricles after contraction
- Stretch of the ventricles
- Resistance ventricles must overcome
- Force of atrial contraction
Answer: Resistance ventricles must overcome
28. What is the normal resting cardiac output in healthy young men? (var.)
- 4.0 L/min
- 5.6 L/min
- 6.5 L/min
- 7.2 L/min
Answer: 5.6 L/min
29. What is the formula for calculating cardiac output? (var.)
- Heart rate x Body weight
- Stroke volume x Heart rate
- End diastolic volume x Heart rate
- Preload x Heart rate
Answer: Stroke volume x Heart rate
30. What is the normal heart rate in a young adult? (var.)
- 40-80 BPM
- 60-100 BPM
- 90-120 BPM
- 50-90 BPM
Answer: 60-100 BPM
31. What is the term for a heart rate below 60 BPM? (var.)
- Tachycardia
- Bradycardia
- Normocardia
- Arrhythmia
Answer: Bradycardia
32. Which factor does NOT affect cardiac output directly? (var.)
- Age
- Gender
- Exercise
- Metabolism
Answer: Gender
33. What is the normal heart rate in a young adult? (var.)
- 40-80 BPM
- 60-100 BPM
- 90-120 BPM
- 50-90 BPM
Answer: 60-100 BPM
34. What is the formula for calculating cardiac output? (var.)
- Heart rate x Body weight
- Stroke volume x Heart rate
- End diastolic volume x Heart rate
- Preload x Heart rate
Answer: Stroke volume x Heart rate
35. What is afterload? (var.)
- Volume in the ventricles after contraction
- Stretch of the ventricles
- Resistance ventricles must overcome
- Force of atrial contraction
Answer: Resistance ventricles must overcome
36. Which factor does NOT affect cardiac output directly? (var.)
- Age
- Gender
- Exercise
- Metabolism
Answer: Gender
37. Which condition increases cardiac output by increasing heart rate? (var.)
- Parasympathetic stimulation
- Expiration
- Sympathetic stimulation
- Increased intracranial pressure
Answer: Sympathetic stimulation
38. What is preload? (var.)
- Resistance in systemic circulation
- End systolic volume
- Stretch of myocardium before contraction
- Force of contraction
Answer: Stretch of myocardium before contraction
39. Which condition increases cardiac output by increasing heart rate? (var.)
- Parasympathetic stimulation
- Expiration
- Sympathetic stimulation
- Increased intracranial pressure
Answer: Sympathetic stimulation
40. Which condition increases cardiac output by increasing heart rate? (var.)
- Parasympathetic stimulation
- Expiration
- Sympathetic stimulation
- Increased intracranial pressure
Answer: Sympathetic stimulation
41. What is afterload? (var.)
- Volume in the ventricles after contraction
- Stretch of the ventricles
- Resistance ventricles must overcome
- Force of atrial contraction
Answer: Resistance ventricles must overcome
42. What is the effect of increased end-diastolic volume? (var.)
- Decreases stroke volume
- Increases stroke volume
- Has no effect on stroke volume
- Decreases preload
Answer: Increases stroke volume
43. What is afterload? (var.)
- Volume in the ventricles after contraction
- Stretch of the ventricles
- Resistance ventricles must overcome
- Force of atrial contraction
Answer: Resistance ventricles must overcome
44. What is the normal resting cardiac output in healthy young men? (var.)
- 4.0 L/min
- 5.6 L/min
- 6.5 L/min
- 7.2 L/min
Answer: 5.6 L/min
45. Which factor decreases heart rate (negative chronotropism)? (var.)
- Excitement
- Exercise
- Parasympathetic stimulation
- Sympathetic stimulation
Answer: Parasympathetic stimulation
46. What is the term for a heart rate below 60 BPM? (var.)
- Tachycardia
- Bradycardia
- Normocardia
- Arrhythmia
Answer: Bradycardia
47. What is the term for a heart rate below 60 BPM? (var.)
- Tachycardia
- Bradycardia
- Normocardia
- Arrhythmia
Answer: Bradycardia
48. Which factor decreases heart rate (negative chronotropism)? (var.)
- Excitement
- Exercise
- Parasympathetic stimulation
- Sympathetic stimulation
Answer: Parasympathetic stimulation
49. What is afterload? (var.)
- Volume in the ventricles after contraction
- Stretch of the ventricles
- Resistance ventricles must overcome
- Force of atrial contraction
Answer: Resistance ventricles must overcome
50. What is the term for a heart rate below 60 BPM? (var.)
- Tachycardia
- Bradycardia
- Normocardia
- Arrhythmia
Answer: Bradycardia
