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Analysis and application of gamification

Conference Paper · October 2012

DOI: 10.1145/2379636.2379653

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 Analysis and application of gamification
Andrés Francisco Francisco Luis José Luis González José Luis Isla
Aparicio Gutiérrez Vela Sánchez Montes
Universidad de Granada Universidad de Granada Universidad de Lleida Universidad de Cádiz
España España España España
andres@[Link] fgutierr@[Link] joseluisgs@[Link] [Link]@[Link]

ABSTRACT systems. Thanks to these characteristics, videogames can be used

In this paper we present a method of analysis and application of as a motivational tool of human behavior [9, 11]. The self-
gamification as a tool to assist the participation and motivation of determination theory, proposed by Ryan and Deci, is a macro
people in carrying out various tasks and activities. We analyze theory of human motivation concerning people's inherent growth
what are the psychological and social motivations of human tendencies and their innate psychological needs [12]. According
beings and how game mechanics can help when it comes to to this theory, intrinsic motivation is the core that is associated
satisfy these needs. Likewise, it is proposed a method for with sports and gambling [12]. Intrinsically motivated activities
analyzing the effectiveness of gamification based on a quality are those that the individual finds interesting and perfoms without
service model and the metrics associated with the properties of the any kind of conditioning, just by the mere pleasure of carrying
playability as a measure of fun induced by the process of them out. To maintain the intrinsic motivation in individuals, it is
gamification. necessary to satisfy the following psychological and social needs:
Autonomy: Autonomy refers to the sense of will when
Categories and Subject Descriptors performing a task. When activities are performed by personal
H.1.2 [Information Systems]: User/Machine Systems – Human interest, perceived autonomy is high. Providing opportunities to
factors. choose, using positive feedback and not controlling the
instructions given to people, have been shown to improve the
autonomy and consequently, the intrinsic motivation of
General Terms individuals [13].
Design, Experimentation, Human Factors.
Competence: Competence is the need of the people to participate
in challenges and feel competent and efficient. Factors that
Keywords improve the experience of competition, as the opportunities for
Gamificación, metodología, motivación, mecánicas, análisis, acquiring new knowledge or skills, be optimally challenged [2] or
efectividad. receive positive feedback, improve the perceived level of
competition and therefore it also improves intrinsic motivation.
1. INTRODUCTION Relation: Relation is experienced when a person feels connected
Gamificación, defined as the use of game design elements in non-
to others. Intrinsic motivation will be strengthened in relations
game contexts [4], can be used as a tool to improve the
that convey security, making this type of motivation appears more
participation and motivation of people in carryng out diverse tasks
frequently and in a more robust way [12, 3]. The current
and activities that, basically, could not be too attractive. Its integration between games and social networks is very interesting
application is not restricted to any specific area and can be used in to use it as a reinforcing motivation.
contexts as diverse as education [8], the development of respectful
behaviour towards the natural environment [7, 1] or improve the In one of his books [10], Daniel H. Pink identifies three key
well-being of the elderly [5]. elements that allow achieving personal well-being and personal
satisfaction: autonomy, mastery and purpose. Autonomy responds
2. VIDEOGAMES AND MOTIVATION to the desire of all people to control their own lives and how they
do their jobs. Mastery concerns the desire to constantly improve
THEORIES and achieving personal satisfaction through challenges that fit the
A videogame is a computer program specifically created to capabilities of each individual. The purpose acts as a connecting
entertain, based on the interaction between a person and a thread of the intrinsic needs of people and enables personal
machine where the videogame is executed [6]. Fun and highly fulfillment.
interaction are some of the most interesting features of these
3. DESCRIPTION OF THE METHOD
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for In general, our method can be defined by an iterative sequence of
personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are activities that can be repeated for each of the goals or tasks that
not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that define the specific business model where you want to perform the
copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy process of gamification.
otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists,
requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. To make an effective process of gamification, we propose the
Interaccion’12, Oct 3–5, 2012, Elche, Alicante, Spain. following activities:
Copyright 2012 ACM 978-1-4503-1314-8/12/10...$10.00
 1. Identification of the main objetive: Identify the main 5. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
purpose of the task you want to gamify. Normally, any task This work is financed by the Ministry of Science & Inonovation,
or job you wish to carry out consists of a main objective that Spain, as part of VIDECO Project (TIN2011-26928).
can be clearly identified.
2. Identificación of the transversal objetive: Identify one or 6. REFERENCES
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Some examples of these mechanics are Experience. Harper Perennial Modern Classics, 2008.
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