1.

PLANNING CONDITION

1. 1. Bridge condition

Total bridge length L= 40 m

Number of spans n= 2 Each
Bridge width B= 6 m
Pavement width b= 5 m
Bridge type reinforced concrete with beam girders T
Number of beams/girders n= 4 Each
Girder net length l= 20 m

1.2. Loading specifications

1.2.1. Live load ( BM 70 % )

Live load 100%
Wheel load T 10 ton 10.00 ton
Line Load P 12 ton 12.00 ton
Distribution load q = 2.2 - (11/60)*(L-30), 1.17333 t.m 1.17 ton

1.2.2. Shock load, k = 1+20/(50 + L) 1.222

1.3. Concrete and reinforcing steel specifications

1.3.1. Material Concrete

Compressive strength, fc' 25 Mpa
Elastic modulus 23500 Mpa
1.3.2. Material Steel
yield strength of steel, fy 420 Mpa
Elastic modulus, Es 200000 Mpa

1.4. Backrest post calculation

1.4.1. Planning data

Bending Moment = Distance between backrests * H(Horizontal wind load)* Arm Moment.
wind load, H= 100 kg

Width b= 150 mm
Height h= 100 mm
Cover c= 30 mm
Compressive strength, fc' fc' = 25 Mpa
yield strength of steel, fy fy = 420 Mpa
yield strength of steel, fys fys= 280 Mpa
Longitudinal reinforcement diameter D= 13 mm
Tranverse reinforcement diameter Ø= 8 mm
d= 105.5 mm
d'= 44.5 mm
1.4.2. Loading
Load H= 100 kg
Backrest pole height h1= 0.7 m
Load P=2H 200 kg
Bottom rest Pole Height h2= 0.3 m
Height of Sidewalk Pole h3= 0.05 m
Thickness of Plate t= 0.25 m
Backrest pole height to top of sidewalk h4=h1+h2-h3 0.95 m
Force Moment H to End of sidewalk M=Pxh4 190 kg.m

1.4.3. Reinforcement
[Link]. Flexural Reinforcement
Reinforcement ratio and section ratio
Momen Nominal Mn=Mu/0.8
Momen Ultimite Mu= 190 kg.m
Mu= 1900000 [Link]
Mn= 2375000 [Link]
Width b= 150 mm
Tinggi efektif d= 105.5 mm
Faktor tahanan momen, Rn=Mn/bd² 1.42254965821373 Mpa
Compressive strength, fc' fc' = 25 Mpa
yield strength of steel, fy fy = 420 Mpa
Required reinforcement ratio:
 ρ = 0.85 * fc’ / fy * [1-sq (1 – 2 * Rn / ( 0.85 * fc’ ))] = 0.00351
Minimum reinforcement ratio, ρmin = 1.4 / fy = 0.00333333333333333
Ratio used ρ= 0.00350868324031052
Required reinforcement area, Ast=ρbd 55.524912277914 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement used, D= 12 mm
Area of reinforcement As=p/4.D² 113.097335529233 mm2
Number of reinforcements n=Ast/As 0.490948014098549
4 D 12
[Link]. Shear Reinforcement
Shear force Vu= 100 kg
Vu= 1000 N
n=Vu/0.6 1666.66667 N
Vc=1/6*(fc^0.5).b.d 13187.5 N
Ø= 0.6
ØVc= 7912.5 N
Vu < Øvc

Stirrup spacing S=([Link])/((1/3).(fc.b)^0.5

fc' = 25 Mpa
fys= 280 Mpa
Ø= 8 mm
b= 1000 mm
Av=p/4.ز 50.2654824574367 mm2
s= 267.041732584599
s= 200 mm
Ø 8 - 200

1.5. Calculation of Cantilaer Plate

1.5.1. Bending Moment

Moment
No. Volume ɤ(kg/m3) W(kg) Arm (m)
(kg.m)
1 0.010 2400 25.2 1.32 33.264
2 0.006 2400 13.5 1.32 17.820
3 0.001 2400 2.496 1.27 3.170
4 0.007 2400 16.848 1.11 18.701
5 0.206 2400 495 0.845 418.275
6 0.462 2400 1110 0.275 305.250
P 200.000 200 1.2 240.000
T 6495.000 6495 0.275 1786.125
Rainwater 1000 62.5 0.313 19.563
Railing 24 0.825 19.800
Kgm 2861.97
Total Bending Moment
Nm 28620

1.5.2. Shear Force

Backrest pole weight 1+2+3+4+Railiing = 82.044 Kg
Cantilever slab and pavement, 5+6 = 1605 Kg
wheel load wheel load = 6495 Kg
Rainwater Flood Load Rainwater Flood Load= 62.5 Kg
Total latitudinal force, V= 82445.44 N

1.5.3. Perhitungan Baja Tulangan

Mu = 28619677.0 Nmm hf = 250 mm
Vu = 82445.4 N d= 210 mm
b= 1000 mm
fc'= 25 Mpa ø= 0.8
fy = 420 Mpa Mn = Mu/0.8 35774596.25 Nmm
Rn=Mn/bd² 0.81121533446712 Mpa
Moment resistance factor, ρ = 0.85 * fc’ / fy * [1-sq (1 – 2 * Rn / ( 0.85 * fc’ ))] = 0.00197
Minimum reinforcement ratio, ρ min = 1.4 / fy = 0.00333
Ratio used ρ= 0.00333
Area of reinforcement used Ast=ρhfd 700.00000 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement used D= 16 mm
Reinforcement area As=p/4.D² 201.06193 mm2
Number of reinforcement bars s=As.b/Ast 287.23133
s= 200
D 16 - 200
1.5.4. Control of concrete shear;
Ƭc = V/(7/8)*b*h = 0.448682666666667 Mpa
0.45*fc' = 11.25 Mpa
Ok

1.6. Inner plate calculation (inner slab)

1.6.2. Bending moment due to live load

fxm = 0.15
fym = 0.0933
wheel load , T= 10.00 ton
T= 100000.00 N
Due to front wheel pressure tx = 84 cm
tx = 0.84 m
Due to side view wheel pressure ty = 54 cm
ty = 0.54 m
Shock load k= 1.222
Wheel load spread T=T*k/tx*ty 269449.3435 N/m2

Mxm = fxm*T*tx*ty = 18333 Nm

Mym = fym*T*tx*ty = 11403 Nm

1.6.2. Bending Moment due to dead load

Thickness of plate hf= 25 cm

ts= 0.25 m
Thickness of asphalts ta= 7 cm
ta= 0.07 m

tr= 5 cm
ta= 0.05 m
Specific gravity of reinforced concrete bj beton = 2400 kg/m3
Specific gravity of asphalts bj asphal = 2200 kg/m3
Specific gravity of water bj air = 1000 kg/m3

Slab weight Qslab = 600 kg/m2

Pavement weight Qasp = 154 kg/m2
Rainwater weigh Qrain = 50 kg/m2
Total Qdl = 804 kg/m2

Net span width lx = 1.6 m

Mxm = 1/10*qDL*lx2 = 129 kg.m
1286 N.m
Mym = 1/3*Mxm = 43 kg.m
429 N.m
tx/lx = 0.525
ty/lx = 0.338

1.6.3. Total moment

Mux =MxmLL+ MxmDL 19620 N.m
Muy =MymLL+ MymDL 11832 N.m

1.6.4. Perhitungan baja tulangan

Transverse direction (Lx)
Moment Ultimate Mux = 19620 Nm
19619733 Nmm
Thickness of plate hf = 250 mm
Cover c= 40 mm
Reinforcement Diameter D= 16 mm
d= hf-c-D/2 202 mm
d'=hf-d 48 mm
b= 1000 mm
fc= 30 Mpa
fy= 420 Mpa
Moment nominal Mn =Mux/0.8 24524666.6666667 Nmm
Rn=Mn/bd² 0.601035846158873 Mpa
Moment resistance factor, ρ = 0.85 * fc’ / fy * [1-sq (1 – 2 * Rn / ( 0.85 * fc’ ))] = 0.00145
Minimum reinforcement ratio, ρ min = 1.4 / fy = 0.00333
Ratio used ρ= 0.00333
Area of reinforcement used Ast=ρbd 673.33333 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement used D= 16 mm
Reinforcement area As=p/4.D² 201.06193 mm2
Number of reinforcement bars s=As.b/Ast 298.60683
s= 200
D 16 - 200

Longitudinal direction (Ly)

Moment Ultimate Muy = 11832 Nm
11832133 Nmm
Thickness of plate hf = 250 mm
Cover c= 40 mm
Reinforcement Diameter D= 16 mm
d= hf-c-D/2 202 mm
d'=hf-d 48 mm
b= 1000 mm
fc= 30 Mpa
fy= 420 Mpa
Moment nominal Mn =Mux/0.8 14790166.6666667 Nmm
Rn=Mn/bd² 0.362468548835082 Mpa
Moment resistance factor, ρ = 0.85 * fc’ / fy * [1-sq (1 – 2 * Rn / ( 0.85 * fc’ ))] = 0.00087
Minimum reinforcement ratio, ρ min = 1.4 / fy = 0.00333
Ratio used ρ= 0.00333
Area of reinforcement used Ast=ρbd 673.33333 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement used D= 16 mm
Reinforcement area As=p/4.D² 201.06193 mm2
Number of reinforcement bars s=As.b/Ast 298.60683
s= 200 mm
D 16 - 200
2. SLAB CALCULATION

2.1. Data

Thickness of slab ts = 0.25 m

Asphalt thickness ta = 0.07 m
Thickness of rainwater tr = 0.05 m
Distance between beams S= 2.00 m
Road width b1 = 5.00 m
Sidewalk Width b2 = 0.70 m
Total road width b= 6.40 m
Bridge Length L= 20.00 m

2.2. Material

2.2.1. Quality of concrete

Concrete compressive strength fc fc'= 30.00 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity of concrete Ec = 4700 * Ö fc' = 25742.9602027428 MPa
Poisson's number u= 0.20
Shear modulus G = Ec / [2*(1 + u)] = 10726 MPa
Coefficient α= 1.0.E-05 °C

2.2.2. Quality of rebar

For reinforcing steel with Ø > 12 mm: U - 42
Yield stress of steel, fy = U*10 = 420 Mpa
For reinforcing steel with Ø ≤ 12 mm: U - 28
Yield stress of steel, fy = U*10 = 280 Mpa

2.2.3. Specific Gravity :

Weight of reinforced concrete, wc = 25.00 kN/m3
Weight of unreinforced concrete (rebate concrete), w'c = 24.00 kN/m3
Weight of solid asphalt, wa = 22.00 kN/m3
Specific gravity of water, ww = 10.00 kN/m3

2.3. Load calculation for bridges

2.3.1. Dead Load (DL)

Ultimate load factor KMS : 1.30

Bridge width definition per one meter b= 1.00 m
Thickness of slab ts = 0.25 m
Reinforced Concrete Weight Wc= 25.00 kN/m3
6.25 kN/m

2.3.2. Super Dead Load (SDL)

Ultimate load factor KSDL : 2.00

No. Model Struktur Thickness Specific Load

1 Asphalt thickness 0.07 22.00 1.54
2 Thickness of rainwater 0.05 10.00 0.5
2.04

2.3.3. Load Truck "T" (TT)

Ultimate load factor KTT : 2.00

The live load on the bridge deck is in the form of a double wheel load by a Truck (T load) which is
magnitude, T= 100.00 kN
The dynamic load factor for truck loading is taken, DLA = 0.40
Truck load “T”: PTT = (1 + DLA) * T = 140.00 kN
Shear force and moment due to “T” load,
s= 1.7 M
VTT = 1/2 * PTT = 70.00 kN
MTT = 1/8 * PTT * s = 29.75 kNm
2.3.4. Wind Load (W)

Ultimate load factor KW : 1.2

Horizontal direction incremental uniform line load on the bridge floor surface due to the wind
blowing vehicles over the bridge is calculated by the formula:
TEW : 0.0012*Cw*(Vw)2
Cw : 1.2
Vw : 35
TEW : 1.764
The vertical plane blown by the wind is the side plane of the vehicle with a height of
Height from the plate to the top of the vehicle, 2
Distance between wheels, 1.75
Transfer the wind load to the bridge floor,
Then, PEW = 1.008 kN

2.3.5. Effect of temperature (ET)

Ultimate load factor KET : 1.2
To take into account the stress and deformation of the structure arising from the effect of temperature,
a temperature difference of half the difference is taken.
between the maximum temperature and the average minimum temperature of 40 0C
Average maximum temperature, Tmax = 15 0C
Average minimum temperature, Tmin = ΔT = (Tmax - Tmin)/2

Temperature difference at the slab, ΔT= 12.5 0C

Coefficient of expansion for concrete, 1.0E-05 0C
Elastic modulus of concrete, Ec = 25742.9602 0C

2.3.6. Mment on the bridge floor slab

QMDL 6.25 kN/m

QMSDL 2.04 kN/m
PTT 140.000 kN
PEW 1.008 kN
AT 12.5 ⁰C

k = Koefisient Moment S= 2.00

For evenly distributed load Q: M = k*Q*S2
For centered load P: M = k*P*S
For temperature load, ΔT M = k*@*ΔT*Ec*S3

Moment Caused by Dead Load MDL :

Support moment, MMDL = 0.0833333333333333 * Q MDL * s2 2.08333333333333 kNm
Field moment, MMDL = 0.0416666666666667 * Q MDL * s2 1.04166666666667 kNm
Moment Caused by Super Dead Load MSDL :
Support moment, MMSDL = 0.1041 * Q MA * s2 = 0.849456 kNm
Field moment, MMSDL = 0.054 * Q MA * s2 = 0.44064 kNm
Moment Caused by Load Truck "T" (PTT) :
Support moment, MTT = 0.1562 * P TT * s = 43.736 kNm
Field moment, MTT = 0.1407 * P TT * s = 39.396 kNm
Moment Caused by Wind Load (W) :
Support moment, MEW = 0.1562 * P EW * s = 0.3148992 kNm
Field moment, MEW = 0.1407 * P EW * s = 0.2836512 kNm
Moment Caused by Effect of temperature (ET) :
Support moment, MET = 0.000000562 * α * ΔT * E c * s3 = 1.4E-05 kNm
Field moment, MEW = 0.00000281 * α * ΔT * E c * s3 = 7.2E-05 kNm

Type load Support

no. Fator Karga Ultimu moment Field moment Support moment Field moment
1 Own weight 1.3 2.08333333 1.041666667 2.70833333333333 1.35416666666667
2 Additional load 2 0.849456 0.44064 1.1042928 0.572832
3 Additional load 2 43.736 39.396 56.8568 51.2148
4 Wind load 1 0.3148992 0.2836512 0.40936896 0.36874656
5 Temperature influence 1 0.000014 0.0000723 1.88078067241239E-05 9.4039033621E-05
61.0788139011401 53.5106392657003
2.4. Slab making

2.4.1. Negative flexural reinforcement.

Girder ultimate plan moment, Mu = 61.08 kNm

Concrete quality: fc' = 30.00 Mpa
Quality of reinforcing steel: fy = 420 Mpa
Thickness of concrete slab, ts = 250 mm
Distance of reinforcement center to outside of concrete, d' = 150 mm d' = 40 mm
Elastic modulus of steel, Es=2.00E+05 MPa Es = 2.00.E+05 MPa
Concrete stress distribution form factor, b1 = 0.85
rb = b1* 0.85 * fc’/ fy * 600/(600+fy) = 0.03035714285714
Rmax = 0.75*rb*fy*[1-1/2*0.75*rb*fy/(0.85*fc')] = 7.76953125
Flexural strength reduction factor, f= 0.80
Effective height of T-Girder, d = h - d' = 210 mm
Reviewed 1m wide, b= 1000 mm
Nominal moment of the plan, Mn = Mu/f = 76.3485173764251 kNm
Moment resistance factor, Rn = Mn * 106 / (beff * d2) = 1.7312588974246
Rn < Rmax OK

Required reinforcement ratio:

r = 0.85 * fc’ / fy * [ 1 - Ö (1 – 2 * Rn / ( 0.85 * fc’ ))] = 0.00427236463761
Minimum reinforcement ratio, rmin = 1.4 / fy = 0.00333333333333
Required reinforcement area, As = r * beff * d = 897.20 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement used, D 16 mm
As1 = p/4 * D2 = 201.06 mm2
The amount of reinforcement required, n = As / As1 = 4.46
Reinforcement is used, 5.00 D 16

Required reinforcement distance, S = PI/4*d^2*b/As = 223.986588721687

S= 200
Reinforcement is used, D 16 - 200
0.0065
Longitudinal reinforcement is taken as 50% of the main reinforcement.
A s ' = 50% * A s = 448.598286948558
Diameter of reinforcement used, D 13 mm
As1 = p/4 * D2 = 132.73 mm2
The amount of reinforcement required, n = As / As1 = 3.38
Reinforcement is used, 4.00 D 13

Required reinforcement distance S= 295.732292921603 mm

S= 200 mm
Required reinforcement distance D 13 - 200

2.4.2. Positive flexural reinforcement

Girder ultimate plan moment, Mu = 53.51 kNm

Concrete quality: fc' = 30.00 Mpa
Quality of reinforcing steel: fy = 420.00 Mpa
Thickness of concrete slab, ts = 250 mm
Distance of reinforcement center to outside of concrete, d' = 150 mm d' = 35 mm
Elastic modulus of steel, Es = 2.00E+05 MPa Es = 2.00.E+05 MPa
Concrete stress distribution form factor, b1 = 0.85
rb = b1* 0.85 * fc’/ fy * 600/(600+fy) = 0.03035714285714
Rmax = 0.75*rb*fy*[1-1/2*0.75*rb*fy/(0.85*fc')] = 7.76953125
Flexural strength reduction factor, f= 0.80
Effective height of T-Girder, d = h - d' = 215 mm
Reviewed 1m wide, b= 1000
Nominal moment of the plan, Mn = Mu/f = 66.8882990821254 kNm
Moment resistance factor, Rn = Mn * 106 / (beff * d2) = 1.44701566429693
Rn < Rmax OK
Required reinforcement ratio:
r = 0.85 * fc’ / fy * [ 1 - Ö (1 – 2 * Rn / ( 0.85 * fc’ ))] = 0.00354900236096
Minimum reinforcement ratio, rmin = 1.4 / fy = 0.00333333333333
Required reinforcement area, As = r * beff * d = 763.04 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement used, D 16 mm
As1 = p/4 * D2 = 201.06 mm2
The amount of reinforcement required, n = As / As1 = 3.80
Reinforcement is used, 4.00 D 16

Required reinforcement distance, S = PI/4*d^2*b/As = 263.369132886956

Reinforcement is used, S= 100 mm

Reinforcement is used, D 16 - 100

Longitudinal reinforcement is taken as 50% of the main reinforcement.
A s ' = 50% * A s = 381.517753802714
Diameter of reinforcement used, D 13 mm
As1 = p/4 * D2 = 132.73 mm2
The amount of reinforcement required, n = As / As1 = 2.87
Reinforcement is used, 3.00 D 13

Required reinforcement distance, S = PI/4*d^2*b/As = 347.729558264809

S= 100 mm
Reinforcement is used, D 13 - 100

2.5. Slab deflection control

Concrete quality: Concrete compressive stren fc' = 30.00 MPa

Quality of reinforcing steel: Yield stress of steel, fy = 420.00 MPa
Elastic modulus of concrete, Ec = 4700 * Ö fc' = 25743 MPa
Elastic modulus of steel, Es = 2.0.E+05 MPa
Thickness plate h= 250.00 mm
Distance of reinforcement to the outside of the concrete, d' = 35 mm
Effective height of the beam, d = h - d' = 215.00 mm
Slab reinforcement area, As = 347.729558 mm2
Length plate, Lx = 1.80m 1800.000000 mm
Wide plate, b = 1.00 m 1000.000000 mm
centralized load P = Ttt = 12.000000
Distribuition load , Q = Pms + Pma = 8.290000
The total deflection that occurs must be < Lx/240 = 7.500000
The gross inertia of the beam cross-section, Ig = 1/12 * b * h3 = 1302083333.33333 mm4
Flexural collapse modulus of concrete, fr = 0.7 * Ö fc' * 103 = 3834.05790253616 kPa
Comparative value of elastic modulus, n = Es / Ec = 7.8
n * As = 2701.551 m2
Distance of the neutral line to the top side of the concrete, c = n * As / b = 2.702 m
The inertia of the crack cross-section transformed to concrete is calculated as follows. :
Icr = 1/3 * b * c3 + n * As * ( d - c )2 = 121767167.73 m4
yt = h/2 = 125.00 m
Cracking moment: Mcr = fr * Ig / yt = 39938103151.42 Nmm

Maximum moment due to load (without load factor):

Ma = 1/8*Q*Lx^2+1/4*P*Lx= 8.75745
0.0000087575
Effective inertia for deflection calculation,
Ie = (Mcr/Ma)^3*Ig+(1-(Mcr/Ma)^3)*Icr = 1.12E+56
Q = 8.290000 N/mm P= 12.00000 N

Instantaneous elastic deflection due to dead and live loads:

LE = 5/384*Q*Lx^4/(Ec*Ie)+1/48*P*Lx^3/(Ec*Ie) = 3.94E-49 mm

Bridge floor slab reinforcement ratio: 0.00161734678263

Time dependency factor for dead loads (period > 5 years), value :
ζ= 2
λ = ζ / (1+ 50 * r) = 1.85036583824183
Long-term deflection due to creep and shrinkage:
δg = λ * 5/384*Q*Lx^4/(Ec*Ie) = 7.28E-49

Total deflection of the bridge floor plate: Lx/240 = 7.5

δ tot = δ e + δ g = 1.12E-48
OK
2.6. SIDEWALK SLAB CALCULATION
2.6.1. SELF WEIGHT OF PAVEMENT

Distance between railing posts L= 2m

Weight of reinforced concrete, Wc = 24 kN/m3

No b h Shape L(m) Load (kN) Arm (m) Moment(kNm)

1 0.7 0.15 1 2 5.04 0.35 1.764
2 1.3 0.43 0.5 2 13.416 0.65 8.7204
3 0.1867 1 0.15 0.672120 0.725 0.487287
19.128120 10.971687

No b h Shape L(m) Load (kN) Arm (m) Moment(kNm)

1 0.77 0.15 1 2 5.544 0.965 5.34996
2 1.35 0.2 1 2 12.96 0.675 8.748
3 0.1867 1 0.2 0.89616 1.45 1.299432
19.400160 15.397392

2.6.2. Live load pedestal

No Load Type Force Arm Moment

1 Horizontal load H1 0.75 1.06 0.795
2 Horizontal load Kerb 0.5 0.15 0.075
3 Vertikal load , P 20 0.65 13
4 Vertikal distribuition load = q x b2 6.5 0.65 4.225
18.095

No Load Type Force Arm Moment

1 Horizontal load H1 0.75 1.06 0.795
2 Horizontal load Kerb 0.5 0.15 0.075
3 Vertikal load , P 20 0.675 13.5
4 Vertikal distribuition load = q x b2 6.5 0.675 4.3875
18.7575

2.6.3. Ultimate moment of pavement slab plan.

Ultimate load factor for pedestrian self-weight 1.3

Ultimate load factor for pedestrian live load 2
Moment due to pedestrian self-weight : P1 = 10.971687 kNm
p2 = 15.397392 kNm
Moment due to pedestrian live load: P1 = 18.095 kNm
p2 = 18.7575 kNm
Ultimate moment of pavement slab plan : , MU = Kms*MMs+Ktp*MTP = P1 = 50.4531931
p2 =
b1 0.85
fy 320
fc 20.75
rb 0.03055409307
Rmax 5.8085987805
rho 0.0084178075
3000
0.83166499665831
vu 3000
vc 14346.2211924
vc*Q 8607.73271541 3150
VS -9346.22119236 1890
1110
1850
3. CALCULATION OF T-GIRDER BEAM

3.1. Data Beam

Head Moment Coefficient = 1/12

Field Moment Coefficient = 1/8
Bridge span length L= 20.00 m ø * Mn = 4303.83246
Road width (traffic lanes) B1 = 5.00 m MU = 4060.06
Width of sidewalk B2 = 0.70 m ø * Mn > MU OK
Channel size 2*d = 0.30
Total width of the bridge B1 + 2 * B2 = 6.70 m
Distance between girders s= 1.60 m > VU 726.44
Girder dimensions: Girder width b= 0.80 m
Girder height h= 1.30 m
Body width, bw= 0.60 m
c1= 0.25 m
c2= 0.10 m
c3= 0.10 m
c4= 0.25 m
ba= 0.25 m
bb= 0.80 m
bc= 1.30 m

Diaphragm Dimensions: Diaphragm width bd = 0.50 m

Diaphragm height hd = 1.00 m
Bridge floor slab thickness ts = 0.25 m
Thickness of asphalt layer + overlay ta = 0.07 m
Rainwater inundation height th = 0.05 m
Height of side plane ha = 2.60 m

Number of diaphragm beams of length L, nd = 5 Each

Distance between diaphragm beams, sd = L/(nd - 1) = 5m

3.2. Structure materials.

3.2.1. Quality of concrete

Compressive strength of concrete, fc' = 35.00 MPa
Elastic modulus of concrete, Ec = 4700 *( fc')^0.5 = 27805.5749805682 MPa
Poisson's number u= 0.20
Shear modulus G = Ec / [2*(1 + u)] = 11586 MPa
Coefficient of expansion for concrete α= 1.0.E-05 °C

3.2.2. Quality of rebar

For reinforcing steel with Ø > 12 mm: U - 42
Yield stress of steel, fy = U*10 = 420 Mpa
For reinforcing steel with Ø ≤ 12 mm: U - 28
Yield stress of steel, fy = U*10 = 280 Mpa

3.2.3. Specific Gravity :

Weight of reinforced concrete, wc = 25.00 kN/m3
Weight of unreinforced concrete (rebate concrete), w'c = 24.00 kN/m3
Weight of solid asphalt, wa = 22.00 kN/m3
Specific gravity of water, ww = 10.00 kN/m3
3.3. Dead Load (DL)
Ultimate load factor: KMS = 1.3
Self weight is the weight of materials and parts of the bridge which are
structural elements, plus the non-structural elements it carries and is
fixed. The self weight load of the diaphragm beam on the girder is calculated as follows:

Girder span length, L= 20.00 m

Weight of one diaphragm beam, Wd = bd * (hd - ts) * s * wc = 15.00 kN
Number of diaphragm beams along the span L, nd = 5.00 bh
Diaphragm load on Girder, Qd = nd * Wd / L = 3.75 kN/m
Girder self weight load
No. Jenis width thickness Specific Load
(m) (m) (kN/m3) (kN/m)
1 Floor plate 1.30 0.25 25.00 8.13
2 Girder section 1 0.60 0.60 25.00 9.00
3 Girder section 2 0.10 0.25 25.00 1.25
4 Girder section 3 25.00 3.50
5 Diaphragm Qd = 3.75
QMS = 25.63
21.88

Shear force and moment on T-Girder due to self weight (MS):

VMS = 1/2 * QMS * L = 256.250 kN
MMS = 1/8 * QMS * L =
2
1281.250 kNm

3.4. Super dead load (SDL)

Ultimate load factor: KMA = 2

Superimposed dead load, is the weight of all materials that cause a load
on a bridge that is a non-structural element.
materials that create a load on the bridge which is a non-structural element, and the
may change in magnitude during the life of the bridge. The bridge analyzed must be able to
carry additional loads such as:

1) Addition of asphalt overlay at a later date,

2) Rainwater puddles if the drainage system is not working properly, 20.00 m
Girder span length, L
Superl dead load on Girder
No. Type Wide Thickness Weight Load
(m) (m) (kN/m3) (kN/m)
1 [Link]+overlay 1.60 0.07 22.00 2.46
2 Rainwater 1.60 0.05 10.00 0.80
Super dead load: QMA = 3.26

Shear force and moment on T-Girder due to additional load (MA):

VMA = 1/2 * QMA * L = 32.640 kN
MMA = 1/8 * QMA * L =
2
163.200 kNm
3.5. Traffic load
3.5.1. “D” Lane Load (TD)

Ultimate load factor: KTD = 2.0

Vehicle loads in the form of “D” lane loads consist of Uniformly
Distributed Load, UDL and Knife Edge Load, KEL as shown in Figure 1.
UDL has an intensity q (kPa) whose magnitude depends on the length of the span L which is
loaded with traffic as shown in Figure 2 or expressed by the following formula:
q = 2.2 t/m' for L ≤ 30
q = 22 - (1,1/60) x (L - 30) t/m' for 30 < L ≤ 60m
q = 1,1 x (1+30/L) t/m' for L > 30
P= 12 ton

For span length, L= 20.00 m q 22.00 kN/m'

KEL has intensity, p= 120.00 kN
q/2.75m 8.00 kN/m2
p/2.75m 43.64 kN/m'

Distance between girders s= 1.60 m

Lane load on Girder, QTD = q * s = 12.80 kN/m

PTD = p * s = 69.82 kN

Shear force and moment on T-Girder due to “D” lane load:

VTD = 1/2 * ( QTD * L + PTD ) = 162.91 kN
MTD = 1/8 * QTD * L + 1/4 * PTD * L =
2
989.09 kNm
3.5.2. BREAK FORCE (TB)

Ultimate load factor: KTB = 2.0

The braking effect of traffic is taken into account as a force in the longitudinal direction,
and is considered to act at a distance of 1.80 m above the bridge floor. The magnitude of the force
the longitudinal direction of the bridge depends on the total length of the bridge (Lt) as follows:
Break force, HTB = 250 for Lt ≤ 80 m
Break force, HTB = 250 + 2.5*(Lt - 80) for 80 < Lt < 180 m
Break force, HTB = 500 for Lt ≥ 180 m

Girder span length, L= 20.00 m

Number of Girder, ngirder = 4 bh
Brake force, HTB = 250 kN
Distance between Girder, s= 1.60 m
Brake force for Lt ≤ 80 m: TTB =HTB / ngirder = 62.5 kN
The brake force can also be calculated at 5% of the lane load “D” without the dynamic load factor.

Brake force, TTB = 5% lane load “D” without dynamic load factor,
QTD = q * s = 12.80 kN/m
PTD = p * s = 69.82 kN
TTB = 0.05 * ( QTD * L + PTD ) = 16.29 kN
< 50.00 kN
Taken brake force, TTB = 62.50 kN

Arm thd. Heavy point of the beam, y = 1.80 + ta + h/2 = 2.52 m

Moment load due to brake force, M = TTB * y = 157.50 kNm
Maximum shear force and moment on the beam due to brake force:
VTB = M / L = 7.88 kN
MTB = 1/2 * M = 78.75 kNm

3.6. Wind load (EW)

Ultimate load factor: KWi = 1.2

Additional horizontal wind force on the surface of the bridge floor due to load
wind blowing vehicles over the bridge floor is calculated by the formula:
TEW = 0.0012*Cw*(Vw)2 kN/m2 dengan, Cw = 1.2
Plan wind speed, Vw = 35 m/det
Additional wind load blowing the side plane of the vehicle:
TWi = 0.0012*Cw*(Vw)2 = 1.764 kN/m2
The vertical plane blown by the wind is the side plane of the vehicle with a height of
2.00 m above the bridge floor. h= 2.00 m
Distance between vehicle wheels x x= 1.75 m
Load due to wind load transfer to the bridge deck,
QWi = 1/2*h / x * TWi = 1.008 kN/m

Girder span length, L= 20.00 m

Girder shear force and moment due to wind load (EW):
VWi = 1/2 * QWi * L = 10.080 kN
MWi = 1/8 * QWi * L2 = 50.400 kNm

3.7. TEMPERATURE EFFECT (ET)

The shear force and moment on the Girder due to the effect of temperature, are calculated
against the force arising due to temperature movement on the support (elastomeric bearing)
with a temperature difference of :
DT = 20 °C
Coefficient of expansion for concrete, α= 1.0.E-05 °C
Girder span length, L= 20.00 m
Shear stiffness of elastomeric bearing, k= 15000 kN/m
Temperatur movement, d = α * DT * L= 0.0040 m
Force due to temperature movement, FET = k * d = 60.00 kN

Girder Height, h = 1.20 m h= 1.30 m

Eccentricity, e = h/2 = 0.60 e = h/2 = 0.65 m
Moment due to temperature effect, M = FET*e = 39.000 kNm
Shear force and moment on Girder due to temperature effect (ET):
VET = M/L = 1.950 kN
MET = M = 39.000 kNm

3.8. Earth quake load (EQ)

Vertical earthquake forces on girders are calculated using a minimum vertical downward
acceleration of 0.10*g (g = acceleration of gravity) or a minimum of 50%. downward
acceleration of at least 0.10*g (g = acceleration of gravity) or a 50% equivalent static
horizontal earthquake coefficient.

HorizontalKh = C * S

Kh = Horizontal earthquake load coefficient,

C = Base shear coefficient for the earthquake region, shaking time, and local soil conditions
S = Structural type factor related to the seismic energy absorption capacity (ductility) of the structure
(ductility) of the structure.

The vibratT = 2 * p * Ö [ Wt / ( g * KP ) ]
Wt = Total weight in the form of own weight and additional dead load
KP = structural stiffness which is the horizontal force required to cause one unit deflection
one unit deflection. g= 9.81 m/s2
g = acceleration of earth's gravity,

Total weight which is self weight and additional dead load:

Wt = QMS + QMA
Self-weight, QMS = 25.63 kN/m
Additional dead load, QMA = 3.26 kN/m
Span length, L= 20.00 m
Total weight, Wt = (QMS + QMA)*L = 577.78 kN
Girder size, b= 0.80 m h= 1.30 m
Moment of inertia of Girder cross section, I = 1/12 * b * h = 0.146466666666667 m4
3

Elastic modulus of concrete, Ec = 27806 Mpa

Ec = 27805574.9805682 kPa
Girder bending stiffness, Kp = 48 * Ec * I / L3 = 24436 kN/m
Vibration time, T = 2*p* Ö [ Wt / (g * KP)] = 0.3085 Second

The subgrade condition is medium.

Base shear coefficient, C= 0.77
For bridge structures with reinforced concrete plastic joint areas, the
the structural type factor is calculated by the formula, S = 1.0 * F
with, F = 1.25 - 0.025*n and F should be taken ≥ 1
F = framing factor,
n = number of plastic joints that resist deformation of the structure.
For the value, n = 1 then: n= 1
F = 1.25 - 0.025 * n = 1.225
Structure type factor, S = 1.0 * F = 1.225
Horizontal earthquake load coefficient, Kh = C*S = 0.943
Vertical earthquake load coefficient, Kv = 50% * Kh = 0.472 > 0.10
The vertical earthquake coefficient is taken, Kv = 0.472
Vertical earthquake force, TEQ = Kv * Wt = 272.495 kN

Vertical earthquake load, QEQ = TEQ / L = 13.625 kN/m

Shear force and moment on Girder due to vertical earthquake (EQ):
VEQ = 1/2 * QEQ * L = 136.248 kN
MEQ = 1/8 * QEQ * L =
2
681.239 kNm

3.9. Ultimate load combination.

No. Type load load factor comb-1 comb-2 comb-3

Beban
1 Self weight (MS) 1.30 √ √ √
2 Additional dead load (MA) 2.00 √ √ √
3 Lane load “D” (TD) 2.00 √ √ √
4 Brake force (TB) 2.00 √ √
5 Wind load (EW) 1.20 √
6 Temperature Effect (ET) 1.20 √
7 Earthquake load (EQ) 1.00 √

Ultimate shear force combination comb-1 comb-2 comb-3

No. Type load load factor M Mu Mu Mu
load (kNm) (kNm) (kNm) (kNm)
1 Self weight (MS) 1.20 1281.25 1537.50 1537.50 1537.50
2 Additional dead load (MA) 2.00 163.20 326.40 326.40 326.40
3 Lane load “D” (Q and P) 2.00 989.09 1978.18 1978.18 1978.18
4 Brake force (TB) 2.00 78.75 157.50 157.50
5 Wind load (EW) 1.20 50.40 60.48
6 Temperature Effect (ET) 1.20 39.00 46.80
7 Earthquake load (EQ) 1.00 681.24 681.24
4060.06 4046.38 4523.32

Ultimate moment combination comb-1 comb-2 comb-3

No. Type load load factor V Vu Vu Vu
Beban (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN)
1 Self weight (MS) 1.20 256.25 307.50 307.50 307.50
2 Additional dead load (MA) 2.00 32.64 65.28 65.28 65.28
3 Lane load "D" (TD/TT) 2.00 162.91 325.82 325.82 325.82
4 Brake force (TB) 2.00 7.88 15.75 15.75
5 Wind load (EW) 1.20 10.08 12.10
6 Temperature Effect (ET) 1.20 1.95 2.34
7 Earthquake load (EQ) 1.00 136.25 136.25
726.44 716.69 834.85

Momen ultimate rencana girder Mu = 4060.06 kNm

Gaya geser ultimate rencana girder Vu = 726.44 kN
3.10. Girder erection

3.10.1. Flexural reinforcement

Girder ultimate plan moment, Mu = 4060.06 kNm
Concrete quality: fc' = 35.00 Mpa
Quality of reinforcing steel: U - 42 fy = 420 Mpa
Thickness of concrete slab, ts = 250 mm
Girder body width, b= 800 mm
Girder height,` h= 1300 mm
The wingspan of the T-Girder is taken as the smallest value: L/4 = 4000 mm
16*hf+bw = 4800
s= 1600 mm
12 * ts = 3000 mm
Effective width of T-Girder wing, beff = 2000 mm taken beff = 1600 mm
Distance of reinforcement center to outer side of concrete, d' = 15 d' = 150 mm
Elastic modulus of steel, Es = 2.00E+05 MPa Es = 2.0.E+05 MPa
Concrete stress distribution form factor, β1 = 0.85

rb = b1* 0.85 * fc’/ fy * 600/(600+fy) = 0.035416666666667

Rmax = 0.75*rb*fy*[1-1/2*0.75*rb*fy/(0.85*fc')] = 9.064453125
Flexural strength reduction factor, f= 0.90
Effective height of T-Girder, d = h - d' = 1150 mm
Nominal plan moment, Mn = Mu/f = 4511.1797979798 kNm
Moment resistance factor, Rn = Mn * 106 / (beff * d2) = 2.13193752267476
Rn < Rmax Single Reiforce
Required reinforcement ratio:
r = 0.85 * fc’ / fy * [ 1 - Ö (1 – 2 * Rn / ( 0.85 * fc’ ))] = 0.005272253410218
Minimum reinforcement ratio, rmin = 1.4 / fy = 0.003333333333333
Area of reinforcement required, As = r * beff * d = 9700.95 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement used, D 25 mm
As1 = p/4 * D = 2
490.87 mm2
Number of reinforcement bars required, n = As / As1 = 20.76
Reinforcement is used, 21 D 25
As = As1 * n = 10308.3508945915 mm2
Thickness of concrete blanket, td = 35 mm
Diameter of stirrups used, ds = 13 mm
Number of bars per row, nt = 5 mm
Net distance between reinforcements, mm
X = ( b - nt * D - 2 * td - 2 * ds) / (nt - 1) = 144.75 mm
> 35 mm OK
To ensure that the Girder is ductile, the compressive reinforcement is taken as 30% of the tensile reinforcement.
tensile reinforcement, so that : As' = 10% * As = 10.3083508945915 mm2
Reinforcement is used, 1 D 25
3.10.2. Ultimate moment capacity control

Row ReinforceY n*Y

1 5 80 400
2 5 160 800
3 2 240 480

12 1680

β1 = 0.85
Thickness of concrete slab, ts = 250 mm
Effective width of wing, b=beff = 1600 mm
Girder body width, bw = 800 mm
Girder height, h= 1300 mm
Distance of reinforcement center to outer side of concrete, d' = 150 mm
Effective height of T-Girder, d=h -d' = 1150 mm
Area of reinforcement, As = 10308.35 mm2
Compressive strength of concrete, fc' = 35 Mpa
Yield strength of steel, fy = 420 MPa
For the neutral line to be inside the T-Girder wing, then: Cc > Ts
Internal compressive force of concrete in the wing,
Cc = 0.85 * fc' * beff * ts = 11900000 N
Tensile internal force of reinforcing steel, Ts = As * fy = 4329507.37572843 N
Cc > Ts Neutral line inside the wing
OK
a = As * fy / ( 0.85 * fc' * beff ) = 90.96 mm
Neutral line distance, c = a / β1 = 107.01 mm
Strain in tensile reinforcing steel, es = 0.003 * (d - c) / c = 0.03
< 0.03
Nominal moment, Mn = As * fy * ( d - a / 2 ) * 10-6 = 4782.036 kNm
Ultimate moment capacity, ø* Mn = 4303.832 kNm
> Mu 4060.062 kNm
OK

3.11. Shear reinforcement

Ultimate plan shear force, Vu = 726.44 kN

Concrete quality: Concrete compressive stren fc' = 35.00 MPa
Quality of reinforcin U - 28 Yield strength of steel, fy = 280 MPa
Shear strength reduction factor, f= 0.7
Girder body width, b= 800 mm
Girder effective height, d= 1150 mm
Nominal shear strength of concrete, Vc = (√ fc') / 6 * b * d * 10-3 = 907.132 kN

ø* Vc = 634.993 kN

f * Vs = Vu - f * Vc = 91.452 kN
Shear force carried by shear reinforcement, Vs = 130.645 kN
Girder dimension control against maximum shear strength:
Vsmax = 2 / 3 * Ö fc' * [ b * d ] * 10-3 = 3628.529 kN
Vs < Vsmax
Beam dimensions meet shear strength requirements, OK
Cross-section stirrups are used: 2 D 12
Area of shear reinforcement stirrups, Av = p/4 * D2 * n = 226.195 mm2
Required spacing of shear reinforcement (stirrups):
S = Av * fy * d / Vs = 557.500 mm
Stirrups are used, 2 D 12 - 550
At the girder body, a minimum shrinkage reinforcement with a reinforcement ratio is installed,
rsh = 0.0014
Area of shrinkage reinforcement, Ash = rh * b * d = 1288 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement used, D 25 mm
Number of shrinkage reinforcement required, n = Ash / ( p /4 * D ) =
2
3.62
Reinforcement is used,
4 D 25

3.12. Deflection beam

Concrete quality: Kuat tekan beton, fc' = 35.00 MPa

Quality of reinforcing steel: Kuat leleh baja, fy = 0 MPa
Elastic modulus of concrete, Ec = 4700 * √ fc' = 27806 MPa
Elastic modulus of steel, Es = 2.0.E+05 MPa
Beam height, h= 1.30 m
Beam width, b= 0.80 m
Distance of reinforcement to outer side of concrete, d' = 0.15 m
Effective height of the beam, d = h - d' = 1.15 m
Area of beam reinforcement, As = 0.010308 m2
Gross inertia of beam section, Ig = 1/12 * b * h3 = 0.146466666666667 m4
Flexural collapse modulus of concrete, fr = 0.7 * √fc' * 103 = 4141.25584816973 kPa
Elastic modulus comparison value, n = Es / Ec = 7.2
n * As = 0.074 m2
Distance of neutral line to top side of concrete, c = n * As / b = 0.093 m
The inertia of the cracked section transformed to concrete is calculated as follows. :
Icr = 1/3 * b * c3 + n * As * ( d - c )2 = 0.08310 m4
yt = h/2 = 0.65 m
Cracking moment: Mcr = fr * Ig / yt = 933.163 Nmm

Moment due to dead load and live load (MD+L)

No. Type of load Moment
(kNm)
1 Self weight (MS) 1281.25
2 Super dead load (MA) 163.20
3 Traffic load (TD/TT) 989.09
4 Brake force (TB) 78.75
MD+L = 2512.29

Effective inertia for deflection calculation

Ie = ( Mcr / MD+L )3 * Ig + [ 1 - ( Mcr / MD+L )3 ] * Icr = 0.0863 m4
The span length of the beam, L= 20.00 m
3.12.1. Deflection due to dead load (MS)
Load due to dead load, QMS = 25.63 kN/m
Deflection due to dead load (MS):
dMS = 5/384*QMS*L4 / ( Ec*Ie) = 0.02223 m

3.12.2. Deflection due to super dead load (MA)

Load due to super dead load, QMA = 3.26 kN/m
Deflection due to super dead load,(MA):
dMA = 5/384*QMA*L4 / ( Ec*Ie) = 0.00283 m

[Link] due to "D" lane load (TD)

“D” lane load: Centralized load, PTD = 69.82 kN
Evenly distributed load, QTD = 12.80 kN/m
Deflection due to “D” lane load (TD):
dTD = 1/48* PTD*L3 / (Ec*Ie) + 5/384*QTD*L4 / ( Ec*Ie) = 0.00485 m

3.12.4. Deflection due to brake force (TB)

Moment due to brake force, MTB = 157.50 kNm
Deflection due to brake force (TB) :
dTB = 0.0642 * MTB * L2 / ( Ec*Ie) = 0.000000031

3.12.5. Deflection due to wind load (EW)

Load due to wind load transfer on the vehicle, QEW = 1.008 kN/m
Deflection due to wind load (EW):
dEW = 5/384*QEW*L4 / ( Ec*Ie) = 0.0009 m

3.12.6. Deflection due to temperature effects (ET)

Moment due to temperature movement, MET = 39.00 kNm
Deflection due to temperature effect (ET):
dET = 0.0642 * MET * L2 / ( Ec*Ie) = 0.00042 m

3.12.7. Deflection due to earthquake load (EQ)

Vertical earthquake load, QEQ = 13.625 kN/m
Deflection due to earthquake load (EQ):
dEQ = 5/384*QEQ*L4 / ( Ec*Ie) = 0.0118 m

Maximum deflection dmaks = L/240 = 0.083333 m

No. Type load comb-1 comb-2 comb-3
(kNm) (kNm) (kNm)
1 Self weight (MS) 0.0222 0.0222 0.0222
2 Additional dead load (MA) 0.0028 0.0028 0.0028
3 Lane load “D” (TD/TT) 0.0048 0.0048 0.0048
4 Brake force (TB) 0.0000 0.0000
5 Wind load (EW) 0.0009
6 Temperature Effect (ET) 0.0004
7 Earthquake load (EQ) 0.0118
0.0308 0.0303 0.0417
< L/240 < L/240 < L/240
0.066667 0.066666666666667 0.06666667
OK OK OK
3.13. Diaphragm beams
3.13.1. Load on diaphragm beams

The floor load distribution on a diaphragm beam is as follows:

Size of diaphragm beam,

Width, bd = 0.50 m
Height, hd = 1.00 m
Span length of the diaphragm beam,
s= 5.000 m
Floor thickness
ts = 0.25 m

Self-weight (MS):
No. Type Wide Thickness Weight Load
(kN/m3) (kN/m)
1 Floor plate 5.00 0.25 25.00 31.25
2 Diaphragm beam 0.50 0.75 25.00 9.38
QMS = 40.63
Shear forces and moments due to self weight:
VMS = 1/2 * QMS * s = 101.563 kN
MMS = 1/12 * QMS * s =
2
84.635 kNm
Super dead load (MA):
No. Type Wide Thickness Weight Load
(kN/m3) (kN/m)
1 [Link]+overlay 5.00 0.07 22.00 7.70
2 Rainwater 5.00 0.05 10.00 2.50
QMS = 10.20
Shear force and moment due to additional dead load:
VMA = 1/2 * QMA * s = 25.500 kN
MMA = 1/12 * QMA * s =2
21.250 kNm

Truck load “T” (TT):

The live load on the bridge floor is in the form of a double wheel load by a Truck (T load) which is
magnitude, T= 100.00 kN
The dynamic load factor for truck loading is taken, DLA = 0.40
“T” truck load: PTT = (1 + DLA) * T = 140.00 kN
Shear forces and moments due to “T” loads,
VTT = 1/2 * PTT = 70.00 kN
MTT = 1/8 * PTT * s = 87.50 kNm

Ultimate load combination:

No. Type load Load factor V M Vu Mu
Load (kN) (kNm) (kN) (kNm)
1 Self weight (MS) 1.40 101.56 84.64 142.188 118.490
2 Dead weight (MA) 2.00 25.50 21.25 51.000 42.500
3 Truck load “T” (TT) 2.00 70.00 87.50 140.000 175.000
 333.188 335.990

3.13.2. Diaphragm beam plan moment and shear force

Ultimate moment of diaphragm beam plan, Mu = 335.990 kNm
Ultimate shear force of diaphragm beam plan, Vu = 333.188 kN

3.14. Reinforcement of diaphragm beams

3.14.1. Flexural reinforcement

Ultimate plan moment of diaphragm beam, Mu = 78.895 kNm Mu = 335.990 kNm
Concrete quality: Concrete compressive stren fc' = 35.00 MPa
Quality of reinforcing steel: Yield strength of steel, fy = 420 MPa
Elastic modulus of concrete, Ec = 4700 * ( fc' )^0.5 = 27806 MPa
Elastic modulus of steel, Es = 2.0.E+05 MPa
Beam width, b = bd = 500 mm
Beam height, h = hd = 1000 mm
Distance of reinforcement center to outside of concrete, d' = 50 mm
Concrete stress distribution form factor, b1 = 0.85

rb = b1* 0.85 * fc’/ fy * 600/(600+fy) = 0.035416666666667

Rmax = 0.75*rb*fy*[1-1/2*0.75*rb*fy/(0.85*fc')] = 9.064453125
Flexural strength reduction factor, f= 0.80
Effective height of the beam, d = h - d' = 950 mm
Nominal plan moment, Mn = Mu/f = 419.986979166667 kNm
Moment resistance factor, Rn = Mn * 106 / (beff * d2) = 0.930719067405355
Rn < Rmax Single Reinforce
Required reinforcement ratio:
r = 0.85 * fc’ / fy * [ 1 - Ö (1 – 2 * Rn / ( 0.85 * fc’ ))] = 0.002251789953621
Minimum reinforcement ratio, rmin = 1.4 / fy = 0.003333333333333
Area of reinforcement required, As = r * b * d = 1069.60 mm2
Diameter of reinforcement used, D 16 mm
As1 = p/4 * D =
2
201.06 mm2
Number of reinforcement bars required, n = As / As1 = 7.32
Reinforcement is used, 8.00 D 16
As = As1 * n = 1608.495 mm2

To ensure that the Girder is ductile, the compressive reinforcement is taken as 30% of the tensile reinforcement.
tensile reinforcement, thus: As' = 30% * As = 320.880068390923 mm2
Reinforcement is used, 3 D 12

3.14.2. Shear reinforcement

Ultimate plan shear force, Vu = 333.19 kN

Concrete quality: Concrete compressive stren fc' = 35.00 MPa
Quality of reinforcing steel: Yield strength of steel, fy = 420 MPa
Shear strength reduction factor, f= 0.7
Girder body width, b= 500 mm
Girder effective height, d= 950 mm
Nominal shear strength of concrete, Vc = (Ö fc') / 6 * b * d * 10-3 = 468.356 kN
f * Vc = 327.849 kN
Shear reinforcement required
 f * Vs = Vu - f * Vc = 5.33807868656 kN
Shear force carried by shear reinforcement, Vs = 7.626 kN

Girder dimension control against maximum shear strength:

Vsmax = 2 / 3 * Ö fc' * [ b * d ] * 10-3 = 1873.425 kN
Vs < Vsmax
Beam dimensions meet shear strength requirements, OK
Cross-section stirrups are used: 2 D 12
Area of shear reinforcement stirrups, Av = p/4 * D * n =
2
226.195 mm2
Required spacing of shear reinforcement (stirrups):
S = Av * fy * d / Vs = 11835.002 mm
Used stirrups, 2 D 12 - 150
4. PILLAR CALCULATION

4.1. Superstructure data

DIMENSION DESCRIPTION NOTATION DIMENSION UNIT

Road width (traffic lanes) B1 = 5.00 m
Sidewalk width (pedestrian) B2 = 0.70 m
Total width of the bridge B3 = 6.40 m
Bridge floor slab thickness ts = 0.25 m
Thickness of asphalt layer + overlay ta = 0.07 m
Thickness of rainwater puddle th = 0.05 m
Prestressed girder height h= 1.30 m
Distance between prestressed beams s= 1.60 m
Bridge span length L= 20.00 m

4.2. Substructure data

HEADSTOCK PIER WALL (COULUMN)

Notation m Notation m Notation m Notation m
b1 0.60 h1 1.20 B 3.50 Bc 0.60
b2 1.40 h2 0.10 h' 0.40 Lc 1.65
b3 1.80 h3 0.50 h 1.00
b4 1.40 h4 0.50
ba 5.50 a 2.30 PILE CAP
ha 2.72 Notation m Notation m
hp 1.50 Bx 4.00
ht 1.80 By 8.00

4.3. Self weight of superstructure

No. Description Area Parameter Volume Pezu ɤ Karga

b (m) a(m) L(m) n
1 Slab 6.70 0.25 20.00 1 25.00 837.5
2 Sidewalks 0.7 0.15 20.00 2 25.00 105
3 Railling 0.70 0.1 0.15 24 25.00 6.3
4 T- girder beams
a 0.8 0.8 0.25 20.00 1 25.00 100
b 0.8 0.6 0.1 20.00 2 25.00 70
c 25.00

5 Diafrgma beam 0.35 0.3 1.1 15 1.7325

Total self-weight of the superstructure , PDL = 1120.5325

The location of the weight point of the superstructure with z a = h t + L c + a + h a /2 = 6.8125 m

respect to the foundation

4.4. Self - Weight of the bottom structure

Headstock
Load Arm against base
No. b h L shape kNm
25 y m
1 0.60 1.00 5.50 1.00 82.50 a - h1/2 1.60 132.00 3.3
2 1.40 0.10 5.50 1.00 19.25 a - h1 - h2/2 1.05 20.21 0.77
3 1.80 0.50 5.50 1.00 123.75 h4+h3/2 0.75 92.81 4.95
4 1.80 0.50 5.50 0.50 61.88 2/3 x h4 0.33 20.63 2.475
Wh = 287.375 Mh = 265.65 11.495

Weight location with respect to the base, yh =Mh /Wh = 0.9244

The location of the weight point with respect to the base of the foundation, zh = y h + L c + ht/hp = 4.0744

4.5. TODAN BA KOLUNA (PILLAR)

No b h L Shape 25 y (m) Moment

5 3.50 1.40 3.10 1.00 379.75 1.55 588.61 15.19
6 0.40 3.10 2.00 78.54 1.55 121.74 2.48
Wc = 458.29 Mc = 710.35 17.67

Weight location with respect to the base, y c = M c/W c = 0.64516129 m

Weight location with respect to foundation base, z c = y c + h t 1.64516129 m
Pier Wall cross-sectional area, A = (B*h + p/4*h2) 5.5704 m²
Equivalent width of Pier Wall, B e = A/h = 4.642 m

4.6. Pilecap Weight

No b h L Shape 25 y (m) Moment

7 4.00 1 8.00 1 800 0.5 400 32
8 4.00 0.4 8.00 0.5 160 1.2 192
Wc = 960 Mc = 592 61.165

Weight location with respect to the base, y c = M c/W c = 0.61666667 m

The location of the weight point with respect to the base of the foundation, zp = yp = 0.61666667 m

4.7. Recap Of Bottom Structure (Pier) Self Weight

No. Construction type Load

1 Headstock (Pier Head) Wh= 287.375
2 Pier Wall (Column) Wc = 458.28981634
3 Pilecap Wp = 960
Total self-weight of the lower structure, 1705.66481634

4.7. Load due to dead load (Ms)

No. Self-weight DL
1 Upper structure 1120.5325
2 Lower structure 1705.66482
2826.19732

[Link] dead load

No. “Type of load b h L w Load

1 Super dead load” 5
0.07 20 22 154
2 Pavement. Asphalt + Overlay 5
0.05 20 9.8 49
3 Rainwater puddles W= 0.5 20 10
Additional dead load on Pier, PMA = 203
The location of the additional dead load weight point with respect to the foundation, za = ht + Lc + a + ha/2 = 6.8125

4.9. Lane load "D"

q = 22.0 kN kPa for L ≤ 30

q = 8.0 *( 0.5 + 15 / L ) 10 kPa for L > 30 10
P= 120 kN
For span length, L= 20.00 m q= 8.00 kPa
KEL has intensity, 20.00 p= 43.64 kN/m
The dynamic load allowance for KEL is taken as follows:
DLA = 0.40 for L ≤ 50 m
DLA = 0.4 - 0.0025*(L - 50) for 50 < L < 90 m
DLA = 0.30 for L ≥ 90 m

Distance between girders b1 = 1.60 m

For span length, L = 20.00 m, DLA = 0.40
PTD = [ q * L * (5.5 + b) / 2 + p * DLA * (5.5 + b) / 2 ] = 629.96363636 kN

4.10. Pedestrian load (tp)

Highway bridges are planned to be able to carry evenly distributed live loads on sidewalks
which depends on the area of the sidewalk it supports. The relationship between
evenly distributed load and the area loaded on the sidewalk, illustrated as Figure 4 or
can be expressed by the following equation:
for A ≤ 10 m2 : q = 5 kPa
for 10 m2 < A ≤ 100 m2 : q = 5 - 0.033 * ( A - 10 ) kPa
for A > 100 m2 : q = 2 kPa

A = area of pedestrian-loaded sidewalk (m2)

q = evenly distributed live load on the sidewalk (kPa)

Span length, L = 20
Width of sidewalk, b2 = 0.8
Number of sidewalks, n = 2
Luas bidang trotoar yang didukung Pier,A = b2 * L* n = 32.00 m2
Beban merata pada pedestrian, q = 4.274
Beban pada Pier akibat pejalan kaki, P TP = A * q = 136.768 kPa
4.11. Brake force
Gaya rem, HTB = 250 for Lt ≤ 80 m
Gaya rem, HTB = 250 + 2.5*(Lt - 80) for 80 < Lt < 180 m
Gaya rem, HTB = 500 for Lt ≥ 180 m

for, L t = L = 20.00 Gaya rem = 250 kN

Gaya rem pada pier (untuk 2 jalur lalu-lintas), TTB =250 = 250 kN
Lengan terhadap Fondasi : YTB = ht + Lc + a + ha = 8.17 m
Momen pada Fondasi akibat gaya rem : MTB = PTB * YTB = 2043.75 kN
Lengan terhadap dasar Pier Wall : Y'TB = Lc + a + ha = 6.67 m
Momen pada Pier Wall akibat gaya rem : MTB = PTB * Y'TB = 1668.75 kN

4.12. Wind load (ew)

4.12.1. Y-direction wind load (across the bridge)

The force due to wind is calculated by the following formula:
T EW = 0.0006*C w *(V w )^2 *Ab
C w = koefisien seret
V w = Kecepatan angin rencana (m/det)
Ab = bridge side area (m2)
Cw = 1.25
Vw = 35 m/s

Span length, L = 20.00 m

Top side plane height, ha = 2.72 m
Vehicle side plane height, hk = 2.00 m
A b1 = L * ( h a + h k ) = 94.50 m2

Wind load on the superstructure: TEW1 = 0.0006*C w *(V w )^2 *Ab= 86.821875 kN
Arm against Foundation: YEW1 = h t + L c + a + h a /2 = 6.81 m
Moment on Foundation due to upper wind: M EW1 = T EW1 * Y EW1 = 591.4740234 kN
Arm against Pier Wall base: Y'EW1 = L c + a + h a /2 = 5.31 m
Moment on Pier Wall due to top wind: M' EW1 = T EW1 * Y' EW1 = 461.2412109 kNm

Height of the bid. side of the lower structure, Lc + a = 3.95 m

Ab2 =h *(Lc+a) 3.95 m2
Wind load on lower structure: TEW2 = 0.0006*C w *(V w )^2 *Ab = 3.6290625 kN
Arm against Foundation: YEW2 = h t + (L c + a)/2 = 3.475 m
Moment on Foundation due to down wind: MEW2 = T EW2 * Y EW2 = 12.61099219 kNm
Arm against Pier Wall base: Y'EW2 = (L c + a)/2 = 1.975 m
Moment on Pier Wall due to down wind: M'EW2 = T EW2 * Y'EW2 = 7.167398437 kNm
Total force due to wind load: TEW = TEW1 +TEW2 = 90.4509375 kN
Total moment on foundation due to wind load: MEW = MEW1 + MEW2= 604.0850156 kNm
Total moment on Pier Wall due to wind load: MEW = M'EW1 + M'EW2 = 468.4086094 kNm

Additional horizontal direction uniform line load on the bridge floor surface due to
The wind load that blows the vehicle over the bridge floor is calculated by the formula:
T EW = 0.0012*C w *(V w )2 kN/m with, C w = 1.2
TEW = 1.764 kNm

The vertical plane blown by the wind is the side plane of the vehicle with a height of
2.00 m above the bridge floor. h = 2.00 m
Distance between vehicle wheels x = 1.75 m
Force on the abutment due to wind load transfer to the bridge floor,
P EW = 2 * [ 1/2*h / x * T EW ] * L = 40.32 kN

4.12.2. X-direction wind load (bridge longitudinal)

Size of the wind-blown Pier plane,
Height: Lc+a= 3.95
Width: (B + h) = 4.3
Area of the wind-blown pier, A b = 2 * (B + h) * (L c + a) = 16.985 m2
Wind load on top structure: T EW = 0.0006*C w *(V w )2*Ab = 15.60496875 kN
Arm against Foundation: Y EW = h t + (L c + a)/2 = 3.475 m
Moment on Foundation due to wind load: M EW = T EW * Y EW = 54.227266406 kNm
Arm against Pier Wall: Y' EW = (L c + a)/2 = 1.975 m
Moment on Pier Wall due to wind load: M EW = T EW * Y' EW = 30.819813281 kNm

4.13. Earthquake load (eq)

4.13.1. Equivalent static earthquake load

The plan earthquake load is calculated by the formula: T EQ = K h * I * W t

Horizontal earthquake load coefficient:
Kh = C * S

T EQ = Total base shear force in the direction under review (kN)

Kh = Horizontal earthquake load coefficient,
I = Importance factor
W t = Total weight of the bridge in the form of own weight and additional dead load P MS + P MA kN
C = Base shear coefficient for earthquake region, shaking time, and conditions
S = Structure type factor related to the earthquake energy absorption capacity (ductility) of the structure.
(ductility) of the structure.

Vibration time of the structure is calculated by the formula:

T = 2 * p * √ [ Wt / ( g * KP ) ]

KP = structural stiffness which is the horizontal force required to cause one unit deflection.
one unit deflection.
g = acceleration of earth's gravity, g= 9.81 m/det2

4.13.2. X-direction earthquake load (bridge length)

Cross-sectional area of Pier Wall, A = (B * h + p/4 * h^2) = 5.085 m2
Pier Wall cross-section thickness h = 1.4 m
Equivalent Pier Wall cross-sectional width, Be = A/h = 3.6321428571 m
Pier Wall height, Lc = 1.65 m
Moment of inertia of Girder cross section, I = 1/12 * b * h3 = 0.9832666667 m4
Quality of concrete, K - 250 f c' = 0.83*K/10= fc= 35.00 Mpa
Elastic modulus of concrete, E c = 4700 * v f c ' = 27805.574981 Mpa
Ec = 27805574.981 kPa
Pier Wall stiffness value, Kp = 3 * Ec * I / L3 = 368448 kN/m
Acceleration of gravity, g = 9.81
Self weight of superstructure, QMS = 1120.53 kN
Self weight of head stock, P MS(head stock) = QMA = 287.38 kN
Half weight of pier wall, 1/2*P MS(pier wall) = 229.14 kN
Additional dead load of superstructure, PMA = 203 kN
Total weight of the structure, Wt = P MS(total) + P MA = 1840.05 m
Vibration time, T = 2*p* Ö [ Wt / (g * KP)] = 0.1417 detik

The subgrade condition is medium.

Base shear coefficient, C= 0.77
For bridge structures with reinforced concrete plastic joint areas, the
the structural type factor is calculated by the formula, S = 1.0 * F
with, F = 1.25 - 0.025*n and F should be taken = 1
F = framing factor,
n = number of plastic joints resisting deformation of the structure.
For the value, n = 1 then: n= 1
F = 1.25 - 0.025 * n = 1.225
Structure type factor, S = 1.0 * F = 1.225
Horizontal earthquake load coefficient, Kh = C*S = 0.943
Vertical earthquake load coefficient, Kv = 50% * Kh = 0.472 > 0.10
The vertical earthquake coefficient is taken, Kv = 0.472
Earthquake force, TEQ = K h * I * W t =

No Types of Dead Load W TEQ Braco z (m) TEQ*Z

Self weight of superstructure 1120.53 1056.94228063 za 6.8125 7200.4192868
Additional dead load 203 191.47975 za 6.8125 1304.4557969
Headstock self-weight 287.38 271.06646875 zh 4.3 1165.5858156
Pier Wall self-weight 458.29 432.281869262 zc 2.325 1005.055346
Pilecap self-weight 960.00 905.52 zp 0.75 679.14
TEQ 2857.29036864 MEQ 11354.656245

Arm against Foundation: Y EQ = M EQ /T EQ = 3.97392452 m

Arm against Pier Wall: Y' EQ = Y EQ - h t = 2.97392452 m
Moment on Pier Wall due to earthquake load, M EQ = 8497.36588 kNm

4.13.3. Y-Direction earthquake load (across the bridge)

Pier Wall cross-section inertia, I c = 1/ 12 * h * Be³ = 9.2758166667 m4

Pier Wall stiffness value, Kp = 3 * Ec * I / L3 = 1.89E+05 kN/m
Vibration time, T = 2*p* √ [ Wt / (g * KP)] = 0.1980 detik

For values, n = 1 then : n= 1

F = 1.25 - 0.025 * n = 1.225
Structure type factor, S = 1.0 * F = 1.225
Horizontal earthquake load coefficient, Kh = C*S = 0.943
Vertical earthquake load coefficient, Kv = 50% * Kh = 0.472 > 0.10
The vertical earthquake coefficient is taken, Kv = 0.472

Earthquake force, TEQ = K h * I * W t =

No Type load
1 Self weight of superstructure 1120.53 1056.94228063 za 6.8125 7200.4192868
2 Additional dead load 203.00 191.47975 za 6.8125 1304.4557969
3 Headstock self-weight 287.38 271.06646875 zh 4.3 1165.5858156
4 Pier Wall self-weight 458.29 432.281869262 zc 2.325 1005.055346
5 Pilecap self weight 960.00 905.52 zp 0.75 679.14
TEQ 2857.29036864 MEQ 11354.656245

Arm against Foundation: Y EQ = M EQ /T EQ = 3.97392452 m

Arm against Pier Wall: Y' EQ = Y EQ - h t = 2.97392452 m
Moment on Pier Wall due to earthquake load, M EQ = 8497.36588 kNm
4.14. Load Combinations
Rekapitulasaun Karga Ba Pilar Vertikal Horizontal Momentu
No Aksaun / Kargas Simbolu P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
Aksaun Permanente
1 Todan Rasik estrutura DL 2826.19731634
2 Todan Adisional SDL 203
Karga Veikulu
3 Karga Via "D" TD 629.963636364
4 Karga Ujuario (lao Ain) TP 136.768
5 Karga Travaun TB 250 2043.75
Aksaun Ambiente
6 Karga anin EW 40.32 15.6049687 90.4509375 54.227266406 604.08502
7 Karga Seimika EQ 2857.29037 2857.290369 11354.656245 11354.656

4396.53 27815.06
Comb -1
Recap of workload on pier Vertikal Horizontal Moment
No Action/Load Fator karga P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
Fixed Action
1 Self weight DL 2826.19731634
2 Additional dead weight SDL 203
Traffic Load
3 “D” lane load TD 629.963636364
4 Pedestrian load TP 136.768
5 Brake force TB
Environmental Action
6 Earthquake load EW
7 Earthquake water pressure EQ
3795.9289527 0 0 0 0

Comb -2
Recap of workload on pier Vertikal Horizontal Moment
No Action/Load Fator karga P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
Fixed Action
1 Self weight DL 2826.19731634
2 Additional dead weight SDL 203
Traffic Load
3 “D” lane load TD 629.963636364
4 Pedestrian load TP 136.768
5 Brake force TB
Environmental Action
6 Earthquake load EW
7 Earthquake water pressure EQ
3795.9289527 0 0 0 0

Comb - 3
Recap of workload on pier Vertikal Horizontal Moment
No Action/Load Fator karga P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
Fixed Action
1 Self weight DL 2826.19731634
2 Additional dead weight SDL 203
Traffic Load
3 “D” lane load TD 629.963636364
4 Pedestrian load TP 136.768
5 Brake force TB 250 2043.75
Environmental Action
6 Earthquake load EW 40.32 15.6049687 90.4509375 54.227266406 604.08502
7 Earthquake water pressure EQ
3836.2489527 265.604969 90.4509375 2097.9772664 604.08502

Comb - 4
Recap of workload on pier Vertikal Horizontal Momentu
No Action/Load Fator karga P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
Fixed Action
1 Self weight DL 2826.19731634
2 Additional dead weight SDL 203
Traffic Load
3 “D” lane load TD
4 Pedestrian load TP
5 Brake force TB
 Environmental Action
6 Earthquake load EW
7 Earthquake water pressure EQ 2857.29037 2857.290369 11354.656245 11354.656
3029.19731634 2857.29037 2857.290369 11354.656245 11354.656

Recap of load combinations for working stress planning

Recapitulating the loads on the pillars Vertical Horizontal Moment

No Recap of load combination Fator Load P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
1 Combination-1 0% 3795.9289527 0 0 0 0
2 Combination-2 25% 3795.9289527 0 0 0 0
3 Combination-3 40% 3836.2489527 265.604969 90.4509375 2097.9772664 604.08502
4 Combination-4 50% 3029.19731634 2857.29037 2857.290369 11354.656245 11354.656

4.15. Bolster stability control

4.15.1. Overturning stability in the longitudinal direction of the bridge

Location of overturning point A (foundation tip) vs. foundation center:

Bx/2= 2m
k = allowable overload percent (%)
M x = moment causing overturning
The overturning resisting moment:
M p = P * (B x / 2) * (1 + k)
Safe number against overturning:
SF = M p / M x
must ≥ 2.2

Recapitulating the loads on the pillars Vertikal SF >2.2

No Recap of load combination Fator Load P (kN) Mx (kN) Mp SF (OK)
1 Combination-1 0% 3795.9289527 0 7591.857905 0
2 Combination-2 25% 3795.9289527 0 9489.822382 0
3 Combination-3 40% 3836.2489527 2097.97727 10741.49707 5.11993
4 Combination-4 50% 3029.19731634 11354.6562 9087.591949 0.80034

4.15.2. Bridge transverse overturning stability

Letak titik guling A (ujung fondasi) thd. pusat fondasi : By /2= 4m
k = persen kelebihan beban yang diijinkan (%)
M x = momen penyebab guling
Momen penahan guling : M p = P * (B y / 2) * (1 + k)
Angka aman terhadap guling :
SF = M p / M y harus ≥ 2.2

Rekapitulasaun Karga Ba Pilar Vertikal

No Recap of load combination Fator P (kN) My (kN) Mp SF
1 Combination-1 0% 3795.9289527 0 15183.71581 0
2 Combination-2 25% 3795.9289527 0 18979.64476 0
3 Combination-3 40% 3836.2489527 604.085016 21482.99414 35.562865457
4 Combination-4 50% 3029.19731634 11354.6562 18175.1839 1.6006811219

13. Bolster stability control

13.1. Bridge longitudinal direction shear stability
Pile-cap subgrade parameters:

Friction angle, φ = 37.2 ⁰ SIN 37.2⁰ COS 37.2⁰ TANG 37.2⁰

Cohesion, C = 22.52 kPa 0.60459911 0.796529918 0.7590413131
Pile-cap base size: Bx = 4.00 m
By = 8.00 m

Shear resisting force: H = ( C * B x * B y + P * tan φ ) * (1 + k ) harus ≥ 1.1

Recapitulating the loads on the pillars

P (kN) SF Ket.
No Load combination Fator load Tx (kN) H
1 Combination-1 0% 3795.93 0 3601.9 0
2 Combination-2 25% 3795.93 0 4502.4 0
3 Combination-3 40% 3836.25 265.6 5085.5 0.0522
 4 Combination-4 50% 3029.20 2857.3 4529.9 0.6308

13.2. STABILITAS GESER ARAH MELINTANG JEMBATAN

Sudut gesek, φ = 37.2 ⁰ SIN 37.2⁰ COS 37.2⁰ TANG 37.2⁰

Kohesi, C= 22.52 kPa 0.60459911 0.796529918 0.7590413131
Ukuran dasar Pile-cap : Bx = 4.00 m
By = 8.00 m

Gaya penahan geser : H = ( C * B x * B y + P * tan φ ) * (1 + k ) harus ≥ 1.1

Rekapitulasaun Karga Ba Pilar

P (kN) SF Ket.
No Kombinasaun Kargas Fator karga Ty (kN) H
1 KOMBINASAUN-1 0% 3795.93 0 3601.906897 0
2 KOMBINASAUN-2 25% 3795.93 0 4502.383621 0
3 KOMBINASAUN-3 40% 3836.25 90.4509375 5085.516019 0.0178
4 KOMBINASAUN-4 50% 3029.20 2857.29037 4529.888863 0.631

Angka aman (SF) untuk stabilitas geser diambil 50% dari angka aman untuk stabilitas gu-
ling, dengan anggapan bahwa 50% gaya lateral didukung oleh tiang bor.

II. ANALISIS BEBAN ULTIMIT

1. PILECAP
1.1. BEBAN ULTIMIT PILECAP
 Vertikal Horizontal Momentu
No Aksaun / Kargas Simbolu P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
Aksaun Permanente
1 Todan Rasik estrutura DL 2826.19731634
2 Todan Adisional SDL 203
Karga Veikulu
3 Karga Via "D" TD 629.963636364
4 Karga Ujuario (lao Ain) TP 136.768
4 Karga Travaun TB 250 2043.75
Aksaun Ambiente
5 Karga anin EW 40.32 15.6049687 90.4509375 54.227266406 604.08502
6 Karga Seimika EQ 2857.29037 2857.290369 11354.656245 11354.656

KARGA ULTIMU
Vertikal Horizontal Momentu
No Aksaun / Kargas Fator karga P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
Aksaun Permanente
1 Todan Rasik estrutura 1.30 3674.05651124
2 Todan Adisional 2.00 406
Karga Veikulu
3 Karga Via "D" 2.00 1259.92727273
4 Karga Ujuario (lao Ain) 2.00 273.536
4 Karga Travaun 2.00 500 4087.5
Aksaun Ambiente 0
5 Karga anin 1.00 40.32 15.6049687 90.4509375 54.227266406 604.08502
6 Karga Seimika 1.00 2857.29037 2857.290369 11354.656245 11354.656

KOMB - 1
Vertikal Horizontal Momentu
No Aksaun / Kargas Fator karga P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
Aksaun Permanente
1 Todan Rasik estrutura 1.30 3674.05651124
2 Todan Adisional 2.00 406
Karga Veikulu
3 Karga Via "D" 2.00 1259.92727273
4 Karga Ujuario (lao Ain) 2.00 273.536
4 Karga Travaun 2.00 250 4087.5
Aksaun Ambiente
5 Karga anin 1.00
6 Karga Seimika 1.00
5613.51978397 250 0 4087.5 0

KOMB - 2
Vertikal Horizontal Momentu
No Aksaun / Kargas Fator karga P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
Aksaun Permanente
1 Todan Rasik estrutura 1.30 3674.05651124
2 Todan Adisional 2.00 406
Karga Veikulu
3 Karga Via "D" 2.00 1259.92727273
4 Karga Ujuario (lao Ain) 2.00 273.536
4 Karga Travaun 2.00 500 4087.5
Aksaun Ambiente
5 Karga anin 1.00 40.32 15.6049687 90.4509375 54.227266406 604.08502
6 Karga Seimika 1.00
5653.83978397 515.604969 90.4509375 4141.7272664 604.08502

KOMB - 3
Vertikal Horizontal Momentu
No Aksaun / Kargas Fator karga P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
Aksaun Permanente
1 Todan Rasik estrutura 1.30 3674.05651124
2 Todan Adisional 2.00 406
Karga Veikulu 0
3 Karga Via "D" 2.00 1259.92727273
4 Karga Ujuario (lao Ain) 2.00 273.536
4 Karga Travaun 2.00
Aksaun Ambiente
5 Karga anin 1.00 40.32 15.6049687 90.4509375 54.227266406 604.08502
6 Karga Seimika 1.00
 5653.83978397 15.6049687 90.4509375 54.227266406 604.08502

KOMB - 4
Vertikal Horizontal Momentu
No Aksaun / Kargas Fator karga P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
Aksaun Permanente
1 Todan Rasik estrutura 1.30 3674.05651124
2 Todan Adisional 2.00 406
Karga Veikulu 0
3 Karga Via "D" 2.00 1259.92727273
4 Karga Ujuario (lao Ain) 2.00 273.536
4 Karga Travaun 2.00 500 4087.5
Aksaun Ambiente
5 Karga anin 1.00 40.32 15.6049687 90.4509375 54.227266406 604.08502
6 Karga Seimika 1.00
5653.83978397 515.604969 90.4509375 4141.7272664 604.08502

KOMB - 5
Vertikal Horizontal Momentu
No Aksaun / Kargas Fator karga P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
Aksaun Permanente
1 Todan Rasik estrutura 1.30 3674.05651124
2 Todan Adisional 2.00 406
Karga Veikulu
3 Karga Via "D" 2.00
4 Karga Ujuario (lao Ain) 2.00 273.536
4 Karga Travaun 2.00
Aksaun Ambiente
5 Karga anin 1.00
6 Karga Seimika 1.00 2857.29037 2857.290369 11354.656245 11354.656
4353.59251124 2857.29037 2857.290369 11354.656245 11354.656

Vertikal Horizontal Momentu

No Kombinasaun Kargas PU (kN) TUx (kN) TUy (kN) MUx (kN) MUy (kN)
1 KOMBINASAUN - 1 5613.52 250 0 4087.5 0
2 KOMBINASAUN - 2 5653.84 515.60496875 90.4509375 4141.727266 604.08501562
3 KOMBINASAUN - 3 5653.84 15.60496875 90.4509375 54.22726641 604.08501562
4 KOMBINASAUN - 4 5653.84 515.60496875 90.4509375 4141.727266 604.08501562
5 KOMBINASAUN - 5 4353.59 2857.29036864 2857.29037 11354.65625 11354.656245
5653.83978 2857.29036864 2857.29037 11354.65625 11354.656245

ANALISIS KEKUATAN PIER

1. TINJAUAN PIER ARAH MEMANJANG JEMBATAN

Tinggi Column Pier, Lc = 1.6 m

Ukuran penampang, B= 4.5 m
h= 1.2 m
Luas penampang Column Pier,
Ac = ( B * h + π/4 * h2) = 6.5304 m2
Lebar ekivalen Column Pier,
Be =A/h= 5.442

Beban Ultimit Pada Column Pier :

No Kombinasaun Kargas PU (kN) MUx (kN)

1 KOMBINASAUN - 1 5613.5198 4087.5
2 KOMBINASAUN - 2 5653.8398 4141.72727
3 KOMBINASAUN - 3 5653.8398 54.2272664
4 KOMBINASAUN - 4 5653.8398 4141.72727
5 KOMBINASAUN - 5 4353.5925 11354.6562
26928.6316 23779.838
5653.8398
1.1. KONTROL STABILITAS PIER
1.1.1 Pengaruh Stabilitas struktur
Berat sendiri struktur atas, P MS = 1120.53 kN
Beban mati tambahan, P MA = 203.00 kN
Berat headstock, Wh = 287.38 kN
Berat column pier, Wc = 458.29 kN
Berat total struktur atas : W a = P MS + P MA = 1323.53 kN
Berat struktur bawah : W b = W h + 1/2 * W c = 516.519908 kN
Perbandingan berat, W b / W a = 39%

1.1.2 Pengaruh P - Delta

Gaya aksial ultimit Pier, 5653.8398

Inersia penampang Column Pier, I c = 1/ 12 * B e *h3 0.83055
Mutu beton, K - 300 Kuat tekan beton, f c ' = 0.83 * K /10 = 35 Mpa
Modulus elastis beton, E c = 4700 * √ f c ' = 23453 MPa E c = 2.78E+07 kPa
Tinggi Column Pier, L c = 1.65
Momen ultimit, M u = 11354.65625
Lendutan, ∆ = M u * L c^2/ ( 2 * E c * I c ) = 0.00066929
Momen akibat pengaruh P-delta : M d = P u * ∆ = 3.7841
5%*MU 567.7328123
OK

No Kombinasaun Kargas PU (kN) MUx (kN) Δ (m) Md 5%*MUX

1 KOMBINASAUN - 1 5613.520 4087.5 0.0002409 1.3525 204.38 OK
2 KOMBINASAUN - 2 5653.840 4141.7 0.0002441 1.3803 207.09 OK
3 KOMBINASAUN - 3 5653.840 54.2 0.0000032 0.0181 2.71 OK
4 KOMBINASAUN - 4 5653.840 4141.7 0.0002441 1.3803 207.09 OK
5 KOMBINASAUN - 5 4353.593 11354.7 0.0006693 2.9138 567.73 OK

1.1.3 Pengaruh Buckling

Tinggi Column Pier, L c = 1.65

Inersia penampang Column Pier, I c = 1/ 12 * B e *h3 0.83055
Luas tampang Column Pier, A c = B e * h = 5.085
Jari-jari inersia penampang Column Pier, r = √ [ I c / A c ] = 0.163333333
Faktor panjang tekuk, K = 2
Angka kelangsingan, K * L c / r = 10.10 < 22

Untuk menambah keamanan, pengaruh buckling tsb. tetap diperhitungkan walaupun kecil.
Pengaruh buckling diperhitungkan dengan cara Perbesaran Momen pada Column Pier sbb.

Beban mati ultimit pada Column Pier : DL = P MS + P MA = 3029.197 kN

Beban hidup ultimit pada Column Pier : LL = P TD + P TP = 629.964 kN

Nilai perbandingan beban mati ultimit terhadap beban tetap ultimit :

β d = DL / (DL + LL) = 0.82783932041
Kekakuan lentur Column Pier, EI = 0.4 * Ec * Ic/(1+ βd) = 5053818.47 kNm2
Beban aksial kritis, P c = π²*EI/(K*Lc)^2 = 4575631.64368 kN
Faktor perbesaran momen, δs = 1/[1 - Pu/(0.75*Pc)] = 1.00127024288
Gaya geser horisontal akibat gempa, V u = T EQ = 2857.29036864
Simpangan lateral akibat gempa, Δ =Vu*Lc^3/(3*EI) = 0.00085 m
Faktor perbesaran momen, δs =1/[1- Pu*Δ/(Vu*Lc)] = 1.00078237402
Diambil faktor perbesaran momen, δs = 1.01331

Momen ultimit yang diperbesar, M u = δ s * M ux

No Kombinasaun Kargas PU (kN) MUx (kN) MU (kNm)

1 KOMBINASAUN - 1 5613.5198 4087.5 4141.904625
2 KOMBINASAUN - 2 5653.8398 4141.72727 4196.85365632
3 KOMBINASAUN - 3 5653.8398 54.2272664 54.9490313221
4 KOMBINASAUN - 4 5653.8398 4141.72727 4196.85365632
5 KOMBINASAUN - 5 4353.5925 11354.6562 11505.7867199

1.2. PEMBESIAN COLUMN PIER

Mutu Beton :
Kuat tekan beton, fc'= 35.00 Mpa
Tegangan leleh baja, f y = fy= 420 Mpa
Dimensi Column Pier, Be = 5.442
b4 = 1.40

Ditinjau Column Pier selebar 1 m :

Lebar Column Pier, b= 1000 mm
Tebal Column Pier, h= 1400 mm
Luas penampang Column Pier yang ditinjau, Ag =b*h= 1400000 mm2
P u = gaya aksial ultimit pada column pier (kN)
M u = momen ultimit pada column pier (kNm)
Pu untuk Be Pu untunk lebar 1 m
No Kombinasaun Kargas PU (kN) MU (kN) PU Mu e β α
1 KOMBINASAUN - 1 5613.51978 4141.905 1031.518 761.0997 0.738 0.0286 0.054
2 KOMBINASAUN - 2 5653.83978 4196.854 1038.927 771.1969 0.742 0.0289 0.055
3 KOMBINASAUN - 3 5653.83978 54.949 1038.927 10.0972 0.010 0.0004 0.055
4 KOMBINASAUN - 4 5653.83978 4196.854 1038.927 771.1969 0.742 0.0289 0.055
5 KOMBINASAUN - 5 4353.59251 11505.787 799.999 2114.2570 2.643 0.0793 0.042
1038.927 2114.257 0.054565
Jarak tulangan terhadap sisi luar beton, d' = 150 mm
h' = h -2*d' = 1100
h'/h = 0.786 mm
d'/h = 0.107

Nilai α = φ.P n / (f c '.A g ) dan β = φ.M n / ( f c '.A g .h ) diplot ke dalam diagram interaksi diperoleh,
Rasio tulangan yang diperlukan, ρ= 1.00%
Luas tulangan yang diperlukan : As = ρ * b * h = 14000 mm²
D= 25 mm
n= 29
S = π/4*D²*b/(1/2*As) = 35
Tulangan tekan dibuat sama dengan tulangan tarik :
A s (tekan) = A s (tarik) = 1/2* A s = 7000 mm²
15 25 mm
Jarak tulangan yang diperlukan, S = π/4*D²*b/(1/2*As) = 72 mm

Digunakan Jumblah Lapis D. Tull Jarak Luas Tull

Tekan 2 25 72 13635.4
Tarik 2 25 72 13635.42
Rasio tulangan total ρ= 2.27% Area sek besi 27270.83

1.4. TULANGAN GESER COLUMN PIER X (ARAH MEMANJANG JEMBATAN

Perhitungan tulangan geser untuk Column Pier didasarkan pada gaya geser terbesar antara
gaya lateral dan momen ultimit untuk kombinasi beban yang menentukan dalam perhitungan
tulangan aksial tekan dan lentur.

Gaya aksial ultimit rencana, Pu = 1038926.825 N

Momen ultimit rencana, Mu = 2114257.023 N
Mutu Beton,
Mutu Baja Tulangan,
Kuat tekan beton, fc' = 35.000 mPa
Tegangan leleh baja, fy = 420.000 mPa
Modulus elastik baja, Es = 200000 mPa
Ditinjau dinding selebar, b= 1000 mm
Faktor distribusi kek. Geser ø= 0.600
Tinggi dinding pier L = Lc = 1650.000 mm
Tebal dinding Pier h= 1400.000 mm
Luas tulangan longitudinal Column Pier, As = 27270.833 mm²
Jarak tul. [Link] beton d' = 150.000 mm
Gaya geser ultimit akibat momen, Vu = Mu / L = 1281.368 N
Gaya geser ultimit akibat gaya lateral, Vu = Tux*10³/Be = 525044.169 N
Diambil, gaya geser ultimit rencana, Vu = 525044.169 N
d = h - d' = 1250.000 mm
Vcmax = 0.2 * fc' * b * d = 8750000.000 N
φ * V cmax 5250000.000 N
β 1 = 1.4 - d / 2000 = 0.775
β 2 = 1 + P u / (14 * f c ' * b * h) = 1.002
β3 = 1.000
Vuc = β1*β2*β3*b*d*[ As* fc'/(b*d)]^1/3 = 318641.566 N
Vc = Vuc + 0.6 * b * d = 1068641.566 N
Vc = 0.3*(√f c')* b*d*√ [1+ 0.3*Pu /(b*d)] = 2862602.749 N 2862602.7
DiambilV 1068641.56576477 Maka, ø * Vc = 1717561.650
φ * V c > Vu (hanya perlu tul. Geser min.)
Only use Stirups minim
Gaya geser sepenuhnya dipikul oleh tulangan geser :
Vs = Vu / φ = 875073.615288 N
D= 16 Jarak arah y, Sy = 300 mm
Luas tulangan geser, Asv = π/4*D²*(b/Sx) = 670.208 mm²
Jarak tul. geser yang diperlukan, Sx = Asv * fy * d / Vs = 402.09097138
Untuk tulangan geser digunakan besi tulangan :
D= 25 Jarak arah x, Sx = 300 mm
Jarak arah y, Sy = 300 mm

2. TINJAUAN PIER ARAH MELINTANG JEMBATAN

2.1. ANALISIS KEKUATAN PIER ARAH MELINTANG JEMBATAN

Tinggi Column Pier, Lc = 1.65 m

Ukuran penampang, B= 4.3 m
h= 1.4 m
Luas penampang Column Pier,
Ac = ( B * h + π/4 * h2) = 7.55938 m2
Lebar ekivalen Column Pier,
Be =A/h= 5.39956 m

Beban Ultimit Pier arah melintang jembatan.

Pu untuk Be
No Kombinasaun Kargas PU (kN) MUy (kN)
1 KOMBINASAUN - 1 5613.520 0.000
2 KOMBINASAUN - 2 5653.840 604.085
3 KOMBINASAUN - 3 5653.840 604.085
4 KOMBINASAUN - 4 5653.840 604.085
5 KOMBINASAUN - 5 4353.593 11354.656
5653.840

2.1.1. PENGARUH P-DELTA

Gaya aksial ultimit Pier, 5653.840

Momen ultimit, M u = 11354.656
Inersia penampang Column Pier, I c = 1/ 12 * B e *h3 0.83055
Mutu beton, fc'= 35.00 Mpa
Modulus elastis beton, E c = 4700 * √ f c ' = 23453 MPa E c = 2.7806E+07 kPa
Tinggi Column Pier, L c = 1.65
Lendutan, ∆ = M u * L c^2/ ( 2 * E c * I c ) = 0.00066929
Momen akibat pengaruh P-delta : M d = P u * ∆ = 3.784057424
5%*MU 567.7328123
OK

No Kombinasaun Kargas PU (kN) Muy (kN) Δ (m) Md 5%*MUX

1 KOMBINASAUN - 1 5613.520 0.000 0.0000000 0.000 0.000
2 KOMBINASAUN - 2 5653.840 604.085 0.0000356 0.201 30.204
3 KOMBINASAUN - 3 5653.840 604.085 0.0000356 0.201 30.204
4 KOMBINASAUN - 4 5653.840 604.085 0.0000356 0.201 30.204
5 KOMBINASAUN - 5 4353.593 11354.656 0.0006693 2.914 567.733

2.1.2. PENGARUH BUCKLING

Tinggi Column Pier, Lc = 1.65

h= 1.4
Inersia penampang Column Pier, Ic = 1/ 12 * Be *h3 = 0.83055
Luas tampang Column Pier, Ac = Be * h = 5.085
Jari-jari inersia penampang Column Pier, r = √[ Ic / Ac ] = 0.16333333333
Faktor panjang tekuk, K= 2
Angka kelangsingan, K*Lc /r= 10.10 < 22

Pengaruh buckling dapat diabaikan

Luas tulangan Column Pier yang diperoleh dari tinjauan arah memanjang jembatan perlu dikon-
trol apakah kapasitasnya masih cukup untuk mendukung beban ultimit Column Pier pada arah
melintang jembatan. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan analisis kekuatan Column Pier arah melin-
tang jembatan dengan Diagram Interaksi P-M y (untuk arah y).
Dimensi penampang Column Pier yang digunakan untuk anlasis P-M y adalah sebagai berikut :

Lebar Column Pier, b = 1200 mm

Tinggi Column Pier, h = 1650 mm
Rasio baja tulangan, ρ = 2.273%
Mutu Beton : K - 250 f c ' = 30 mPa
Mutu Baja : U - 39 fy = 420 mPa

Persamaan yang digunakan untuk analisis, dan hasil analisis Column Pier disajikan pada Pro-
gram Analisis Dinding Pier dengan Diagram Interaksi P-M pada halaman berikutnya.

2.2. TULANGAN GESER COLUMN PIER (ARAH Y)

Perhitungan tulangan geser untuk Column Pier didasarkan atas momen dan gaya aksial ultimit
untuk kombinasi beban yang menentukan dalam perhitungan tulangan aksial tekan dan lentur.

Gaya aksial ultimit rencana, PU = 5653.840 N

Momen ultimit rencana, MU = 11354.656 N
Mutu Beton, k- 350
Mutu Baja Tulangan, U- 420
Kuat tekan beton, fc' = 35 mPa
Tegangan leleh baja, fy = 4200 mPa
Modulus elastik baja, Es = 2.0E+05 mPa
Ditinjau dinding selebar, b= 1000 mm
Faktor distribusi kek. Geser ø= 0.6
Tinggi dinding pier L = Lc = 1650.00 mm
Tebal dinding Pier h= 3632.14 mm
Luas tulangan longitudinal Column Pier, As = 27270.8333333 mm²
Jarak tul. [Link] beton d' = 100 mm
Gaya geser ultimit akibat momen, Vu = Mu / L = 6.88160984563 N
Gaya geser ultimit akibat gaya lateral, Vu = Tuy*10³ = 2857290.36864 N
Diambil, gaya geser ultimit rencana, Vu = 2857290.36864 N
d = h - d' = 3532.14285714 mm
Vcmax = 0.2 * fc' * b * d = 24725000 N
φ * V cmax = 14835000
β 1 = 1.4 - d / 2000 = -0.36607142857 1
β 2 = 1 + P u / (14 * f c ' * b * h) = 1.00000317676
β3 = 1
Vuc = β1*β2*β3*b*d*[ As* fc'/(b*d)]^1/3 = 318160.73294 N
Vc = Vuc + 0.6 * b * d = 2437446.44723 N
 Vc = 0.3*(√f c')* b*d*√ [1+ 0.3*Pu /(b*d)] = 6272944.22837 N
Diambil ,Vc = 2437446.44723
ø*Vc = 1462467.86834
φ * Vc > Vu (hanya perlu tul. Geser min.)
Gaya geser sepenuhnya dipikul oleh tulangan geser :
Vs = Vu / φ = 4762150.6144 N
Untuk tulangan geser digunakan sengkang berpenampang :
4 D 16
Luas tulangan geser, Asv = n *π/4*D^2= 804.247719319 mm2
Jarak tul. geser yang diperlukan, Sx = Asv * fy * d / Vs = 2505.38378186 mm
Digunakan tulangan geser(sengkan) S= 2490
4 D 16 2490

3. TINJAUAN PIER HEAD

Notasaun metru noatasaun metru
b2 = 1.40 Ba = 5.50
b4 = 1.40 s = 1.60
Bc = 0.60 n = 4.00
h2 = 0.10
h3 = 0.50
h4 = 0.50

Tinggi pier head, h = h 2 + h 3 + h 4 = 1.10

Lebar pier head, b = ( b 2 + b 4 ) / 2 = 1.4
Lengan gaya reaksi girder terhadap tepi dinding pier,
x = Bc - [ Ba - ( n - 1 ) * s ] / 2 = 0.25

3.1. MOMEN DAN GAYA GESER ULTIMIT PIER HEAD

No Reaksi girder akibat Pu (kN) VU (kN) Mu (kNm)

1 Berat sendiri (MS) 1120.53 1.30 1456.69225 364.173063
Beban mati
2 tambahan (MA) 203.00 2.00 406.00 101.5
3 Beban lajur "D" (TD) 629.96 2.00 1259.92727273 314.981818
4 Beban pedestrian(TP)
5 Beban angin (EW) 40.32 1.20 48.384 12.096
3171.00352273 792.750881

3.2.1. TULANGAN LENTUR PIER HEAD

Momen rencana ultimit Girder, Mu = 792.75 kNm
Mutu beton : fc' = 35.00 Mpa
Mutu baja tulangan : fy = 420 Mpa
Tinggi pier head h= 1100 mm
Lebar pier head, b= 1400 mm
Jarak pusat tulangan terhadap sisi luar beton, d' = 150 mm d' = 150 mm
Modulus elastis baja, Es = 2.00E+05 MPa Es = 2.000.E+05 MPa
Faktor bentuk distribusi tegangan beton, b1 = 0.85

rb = b1* 0.85 * fc’/ fy * 600/(600+fy) = 0.0354166667

Rmax = 0.75*rb*fy*[1-1/2*0.75*rb*fy/(0.85*fc')] = 9.064453125
Faktor reduksi kekuatan lentur, f= 0.80
Tinggi efektif Pier Head, d = h - d' = 950 mm
Momen nominal rencana, Mn = Mu/f = 990.93860085 kNm
Faktor tahanan momen, Rn = Mn * 106 / (b * d2) = 0.7842806497
Rn < Rmax OK
Rasio tulangan yang diperlukan :
r = 0.85 * fc’ / fy * [ 1 - Ö (1 – 2 * Rn / ( 0.85 * fc’ ))] = 0.0018926197
Rasio tulangan minimum, rmin = 1.4 / fy = 0.0033333333
Luas tulangan yang diperlukan, As = r * b * d = 4433.33 mm2
Diameter tulangan yang digunakan, D 25 mm
As1 = p/4 * D2 = 490.87 mm2
Jumlah tulangan yang diperlukan, n = As / As1 = 9.03
Digunakan tulangan, n 10 D 25
As = As1 * n = 4908.7385212 mm2
S= 100 mm

3.2.2. TULANGAN GESER PIER HEAD

Gaya geser ultimit rencana, Vu = 3171003.5 N
Faktor reduksi kekuatan geser, f= 0.6
Kapasitas geser ultimit, Vuc max = 0.5 * φ * (√ f c ') * b * d = 2360515.8 N

Vu< V ucmax Dimensi aman thd geser AMAN

V c = 1/6*(√ f c ') * b * d = 1311397.6853 N

Gaya geser yang ditahan oleh beton, φ.V c = 786838.61115 N
Perlu Tull gerser
φ.V s = V u - φ.V c = 1430498.95

Untuk tulangan geser digunakan sengkang, n =4 D = 16

Luas tulangan geser, A v = π / 4 * D² * n = 803.84

Jarak tulangan geser yang diperlukan : s = A v * f y * d / V s = 224.2099938 mm

S= 225 mm 4
Digunakan sengkang, ` n =4 D = 16
 PERHITUNGAN FONDASI FOOTPLAT
BENTUK EMPAT PERSEGI PANJANG

A. DATA FONDASI FOOT PLAT

DATA TANAH
Kedalaman fondasi, Df = 1.00 m
Berat volume tanah, g= 17.00 kN/m3
Sudut gesek dalam, f= 28.00 ° 30
Kohesi, c= 15.00 kPa 11
Tahanan konus rata-rata (hasil pengujian sondir), qc = 95.00 kg/cm2
DIMENSI FONDASI
Lebar fondasi arah x, asli = 4.20 Bx = 4.20 m
Lebar fondasi arah y, asli = 7.00 By = 7.00 m
Tebal fondasi, h= 1.20 m
Lebar kolom arah x, bx = 1.20 m
Lebar kolom arah y, by = 4.50 m
Posisi kolom (dalam = 40, tepi = 30, sudut = 20) as = 40
BAHAN KONSTRUKSI
Kuat tekan beton, fc' = 20.8 MPa
Kuat leleh baja tulangan, fy = 3600 MPa
Berat beton bertulang, gc = 24 kN/m3
BEBAN RENCANA FONDASI
Gaya aksial akibat beban terfaktor, Pu = 5653.840 kN
Momen arah x akibat beban terfaktor, Mux = 4141.727 kNm
Momen arah y akibat beban terfaktor, Muy = 604.085 kNm

B. KAPASITAS DUKUNG TANAH

1. MENURUT TERZAGHI DAN PECK (1943)

Kapasitas dukung ultimit tanah menurut Terzaghi dan Peck (1943) :

qu = c * Nc * (1 + 0.3 * B / L) + Df * g * Nq + 0.5 * B * Ng * (1 - 0.2 * B / L)

c = kohesi tanah (kN/m2) c= 11.00 °

 Df = Kedalaman fondasi (m) Df = 1.00 m
g = berat volume tanah (kN/m3) g= 17.00 kN/m3
B = lebar fondasi (m) B = By = 7.00 m
L = panjang fondasi (m) L = By = 4.20 m
Sudut gesek dalam, ø= 30.00 °
f = f / 180 * p = 0.48869219 rad
a = e(3*p / 4 - f/2)*tan f = 3.07372355
Kpg = 3 * tan2 [ 45° + 1/2*( f + 33°) ] = 52.0491665
Faktor kapasitas dukung tanah menurut Terzaghi :
Nc = 1/ tan f * [ a2 / (2 * cos2 (45 + f/2) - 1 ] = 31.612
Nq = a2 / [ (2 * cos2 (45 + f/2) ] = Nc * tan f + 1 = 17.808
Ng = 1/2 * tan f * [ Kpg / cos2 f - 1 ] = 17.484
Kapasitas dukung ultimit tanah menurut Terzaghi :
qu = c*Nc*(1+0.3*B/L) + Df*g*Nq + 0.5*B*Ng*(1-0.2*B/L) = 1054.80 kN/m2
Kapasitas dukung tanah, qa = qu / 3 = 351.60 kN/m2

2. MENURUT MEYERHOF (1956)

Kapasitas dukung tanah menurut Meyerhof (1956) :

qa = qc / 33 * [ ( B + 0.3 ) / B ]2 * Kd ( dalam kg/cm2)
dengan, Kd = 1 + 0.33 * Df / B harus £ 1.33

qc = tahanan konus rata-rata hasil sondir pada dasar fondasi ( kg/cm2 )

B = lebar fondasi (m) B = By = 7.00 m
Df = Kedalaman fondasi (m) Df = 1.00 m
Kd = 1 + 0.33 * Df / B = 1.04714286 < 1.33
® diambil, Kd = 1.04714286
Tahanan konus rata-rata hasil sondir pada dasar fondasi, qc = 95.00 kg/cm2
qa = qc / 33 * [ ( B + 0.3 ) / B ]2 * Kd = 3.278 kg/cm2
Kapasitas dukung ijin tanah, qa = 327.84 kN/m2

3. KAPASITAS DUKUNG TANAH YANG DIPAKAI

Kapasitas dukung tanah menurut Terzaghi dan Peck : qa = 351.60 kN/m2

Kapasitas dukung tanah tanah menurut Meyerhof : qa = 327.84 kN/m2
Kapasitas dukung tanah yang dipakai : qa = 327.84 kN/m2

C. KONTROL TEGANGAN TANAH

Luas dasar foot plat, A = B x * By = 29.4000 m2
Tahanan momen arah x, Wx = 1/6 * By * Bx2 = 20.5800 m3
Tahanan momen arah y, Wy = 1/6 * Bx * By2 = 34.3000 m3
Tinggi tanah di atas foot plat, z = Df - h = -0.20 m
Tekanan akibat berat foot plat dan tanah, q = h * gc + z * g = 25.400 kN/m2 28.8
Eksentrisitas pada fondasi :
ex = Mux / Pu = 0.7326 m > Bx = 0.7000 m (NG)
ey = Muy / Pu = 0.1068 m < By = 1.1667 m (OK)
Tegangan tanah maksimum yang terjadi pada dasar fondasi :
qmax = Pu / A + Mux / Wx + Muy / Wy + q = 436.569 kN/m2 366.402
qmax > qa ® AMAN (OK)
Tegangan tanah minimum yang terjadi pada dasar fondasi :
qmin = Pu / A - Mux / Wx - Muy / Wy + q = -51.954 kN/m2 -30.955
qmin < 0 ® tak terjadi [Link] (OK)

D. GAYA GESER PADA FOOT PLAT

1. TINJAUAN GESER ARAH X

Jarak pusat tulangan terhadap sisi luar beton, d' = 0.075 m

Tebal efektif foot plat, d = h - d' = 1.125 m
Jarak bid. kritis terhadap sisi luar foot plat, ax = ( Bx - bx - d ) / 2 = 0.938 m
Tegangan tanah pada bidang kritis geser arah x,
qx = qmin + (Bx - ax) / Bx * (qmax - qmin) = 327.524 kN/m2 277.707
Gaya geser arah x, Vux = [ qx + ( qmax - qx ) / 2 - q ] * ax * By = 2340.494 kN 1924.481
Lebar bidang geser untuk tinjauan arah x, b = By = 7000 mm
Tebal efektif footplat, d= 1125 mm
Rasio sisi panjang thd. sisi pendek kolom, bc = bx / by = 0.2667
Kuat geser foot plat arah x, diambil nilai terkecil dari Vc yang diperoleh dari [Link]. :
Vc = [ 1 + 2 / bc ] * √ fc' * b * d / 6 * 10-3 = 50819.137 kN
Vc = [ as * d / b + 2 ] * √ fc' * b * d / 12 * 10-3 = 25196.043 kN
Vc = 1 / 3 * √ fc' * b * d * 10-3 = 11957.444 kN
Diambil, kuat geser foot plat, ® Vc = 11957.444 kN
Faktor reduksi kekuatan geser, ø= 0.75
Kuat geser foot plat, ø * Vc = 8968.083 kN
Syarat yang harus dipenuhi,
f * Vc ≥ Vux
8968.083 > 2340.494 ® AMAN (OK)

2. TINJAUAN GESER ARAH Y

Jarak pusat tulangan terhadap sisi luar beton, d' = 0.085 m

Tebal efektif foot plat, d = h - d' = 1.115 m
Jarak bid. kritis terhadap sisi luar foot plat, ay = ( By - by - d ) / 2 = 0.693 m
Tegangan tanah pada bidang kritis geser arah y,
qy = qmin + (By - ay) / By * (qmax - qmin) = 388.240 kN/m2
Gaya geser arah y, Vuy = [ qy + ( qmax - qy ) / 2 - q ] * ay * Bx = 1125.604 kN
Lebar bidang geser untuk tinjauan arah y, b = Bx = 4200 mm
Tebal efektif footplat, d= 1115 mm
Rasio sisi panjang thd. sisi pendek kolom, bc = bx / by = 0.2667
Kuat geser foot plat arah y, diambil nilai terkecil dari Vc yang diperoleh dari [Link]. :
Vc = [ 1 + 2 / bc ] * √ fc' * b * d / 6 * 10-3 = 30220.447 kN
Vc = [ as * d / b + 2 ] * √ fc' * b * d / 12 * 10-3 = 22432.545 kN
Vc = 1 / 3 * √ fc' * b * d * 10-3 = 7110.693 kN
Diambil, kuat geser foot plat, ® Vc = 7110.693 kN
Faktor reduksi kekuatan geser, f = 0.75
Kuat geser foot plat, ø * Vc = 5333.020 kN
Syarat yang harus dipenuhi,
f * Vc ≥ Vux
5333.020 > 1125.604 ® AMAN (OK)

3. TINJAUAN GESER DUA ARAH (PONS)

Jarak pusat tulangan terhadap sisi luar beton, d' = 0.085 m

Tebal efektif foot plat, d = h - d' = 1.12 m
Lebar bidang geser pons arah x, cx = bx + 2 * d = 2.315 m
Lebar bidang geser pons arah y, cy = by + 2 * d = 5.615 m
Gaya geser pons yang terjadi,
Vup = ( Bx * By - cx * cy ) * [ ( qmax + qmin ) / 2 - q ] = 2737.495 kN
Luas bidang geser pons, Ap = 2 * ( cx + cy ) * d = 17.684 m2
Lebar bidang geser pons, bp = 2 * ( cx + cy ) = 15.860 m
Rasio sisi panjang thd. sisi pendek kolom, bc = bx / by = 0.2667
Tegangan geser pons, diambil nilai terkecil dari fp yang diperoleh dari [Link]. :
fp = [ 1 + 2 / bc ] * √ fc' / 6 = 6.453 MPa
fp = [ as * d / bp + 2 ] * √ fc' / 12 = 1.827 MPa
fp = 1 / 3 * √ fc' = 1.518 MPa
Tegangan geser pons yang disyaratkan, fp = 1.518 MPa
Faktor reduksi kekuatan geser pons, f = 0.75
Kuat geser pons, f * Vnp = f * Ap * fp * 103 = 20138.50 kN
Syarat : f * Vnp ≥ Vup
20138.500 > 2737.495 ® AMAN (OK)
f * Vnp ≥ Pu
20138.500 > 5653.840 ® AMAN (OK)

E. PEMBESIAN FOOTPLAT
1. TULANGAN LENTUR ARAH X

2866.5

Jarak tepi kolom terhadap sisi luar foot plat, ax = ( Bx - bx ) / 2 = 1.500 m

Tegangan tanah pada tepi kolom,
qx = qmin + (Bx - ax) / Bx * (qmax - qmin) = 262.097 kN/m2
Momen yang terjadi pada plat fondasi akibat tegangan tanah,
Mux = 1/2 * ax2 * [ qx + 2/3 * ( qmax - qx ) - q ] * By = 2779.968 kNm
Lebar plat fondasi yang ditinjau, b = By = 7000 mm
Tebal plat fondasi, h= 1200 mm
Jarak pusat tulangan thd. sisi luar beton, d' = 75 mm
Tebal efektif plat, d = h - d' = 1125 mm
Kuat tekan beton, fc' = 20.75 MPa
Kuat leleh baja tulangan, fy = 3600 MPa
Modulus elastis baja, Es = 2.00E+05 MPa
Faktor distribusi teg. beton, b1 = 0.85
rb = b1* 0.85 * fc’/ fy * 600 / ( 600 + fy ) = 0.00059492
Faktor reduksi kekuatan lentur, f = 0.80
Rmax = 0.75 * rb * fy * [1-½*0.75* rb * fy / ( 0.85 * fc’ ) ] = 1.533
Mn = Mux / f = 3474.960 kNm
Rn = Mn * 10 / ( b * d ) =
6 2
0.39224
Rn < Rmax ® (OK)
Rasio tulangan yang diperlukan,
 r = 0.85 * fc’ / fy * [ 1 - √ {1 – 2 * Rn / ( 0.85 * fc’ ) } ] = 0.0001
Rasio tulangan minimum, rmin = 0.0025
Rasio tulangan yang digunakan, ® r= 0.0025
Luas tulangan yang diperlukan, As = r * b * d = 19687.50 mm2
Diameter tulangan yang digunakan, D 25 mm
Jarak tulangan yang diperlukan, s = p / 4 * D2 * b / As = 175 mm
Jarak tulangan maksimum, smax = 200 mm
Jarak tulangan yang digunakan, ® s= 200 mm
Digunakan tulangan, D 25 - 200
Luas tulangan terpakai, As = p / 4 * D2 * b / s = 17180.58 mm2
n= 36

2. TULANGAN LENTUR ARAH Y

Jarak tepi kolom terhadap sisi luar foot plat, ay = ( By - by ) / 2 = 1.250 m

Tegangan tanah pada tepi kolom,
qy = qmin + (By - ay) / By * (qmax - qmin) = 349.333 kN/m2
Momen yang terjadi pada plat fondasi akibat tegangan tanah,
Muy = 1/2 * ay2 * [ qy + 2/3 * ( qmax - qy ) - q ] * Bx = 1253.735 kNm
Lebar plat fondasi yang ditinjau, b = Bx = 4200 mm
Tebal plat fondasi, h= 1200 mm
Jarak pusat tulangan thd. sisi luar beton, d' = 85 mm
Tebal efektif plat, d = h - d' = 1115 mm
Kuat tekan beton, fc' = 21 MPa
Kuat leleh baja tulangan, fy = 3600 MPa
Modulus elastis baja, Es = 2.00E+05 MPa
Faktor distribusi teg. beton, b1 = 0.85
rb = b1* 0.85 * fc’/ fy * 600 / ( 600 + fy ) = 0.00059492
Faktor reduksi kekuatan lentur, f = 0.80
Rmax = 0.75 * rb * fy * [1-½*0.75* rb * fy / ( 0.85 * fc’ ) ] = 1.533
Mn = Muy / f = 1567.168 kNm
Rn = Mn * 106 / ( b * d2 ) = 0.30014
Rn < Rmax ® (OK)
Rasio tulangan yang diperlukan,
r = 0.85 * fc’ / fy * [ 1 - Ö {1 – 2 * Rn / ( 0.85 * fc’ ) } ] = 0.0001
Rasio tulangan minimum, rmin = 0.0004
Rasio tulangan yang digunakan, ® r= 0.0004
Luas tulangan yang diperlukan, As = r * b * d = 1821.16667 mm2
Diameter tulangan yang digunakan, D 25 mm
Jarak tulangan yang diperlukan, s = p / 4 * D2 * b / As = 1132 mm
Jarak tulangan maksimum, smax = 200 mm
S 180
Jarak tulangan yang digunakan, ® s= 200 mm
Digunakan tulangan, D 25 - 200
Luas tulangan terpakai, As = p / 4 * D2 * b / s = 11453.75 mm2
n= 24.00

3. TULANGAN SUSUT

Rasio tulangan susut minimum, rsmin = 0.0014

Luas tulangan susut arah x, Asx = rsmin* d * Bx = 11025.000 mm2
Luas tulangan susut arah y, Asy = rsmin* d * By = 6556.200 mm2
Diameter tulangan yang digunakan, ø 22 mm
n = 18
n = 11

Jarak tulangan susut arah x, sx = p / 4 * D2 * By / Asx = 241 mm

Jarak tulangan susut maksimum arah x, sx,max = 200 mm
Jarak tulangan susut arah x yang digunakan, ® sx = 200 mm
Jarak tulangan susut arah y, sy = p / 4 * Æ2 * Bx / Asy = 244 mm
Jarak tulangan susut maksimum arah y, sy,max = 200 mm
Jarak tulangan susut arah y yang digunakan, ® sy = 200 mm
Digunakan tulangan susut arah x, ø 22 - 200
Digunakan tulangan susut arah y, ø 22 - 200
5. ABUTMENT CALCULATION

5.1. Top structure data

Dimension description Notation Dimention Unit

Road width (traffic lanes) b1 5.00 m
Sidewalk width (pedestrian) b2 0.70 m
Bridge width b3 6.40 m
Bridge floor slab thickness el 0.25 m
Thickness of asphalt layer + overlay ea 0.07 m
Thickness of rainwater puddle ab 0.05 m
Prestressed girder height hb 1.30 m
Distance between prestressed beams S 1.60 m
Bridge span length L 20.00 m
B 5.5 m
5.2. Bottom structure data (pier)

Notation m Soil fill

h1 0.65 Volume Weight, Ws = 17.2 kN/m3
h2 0.15 Friction angle, ø 35 ⁰
h3 0.40 Cohesion, C 22.52 kPa
h4 3.25 Pile cap subgrade
h5 1.00 Volume Weight, Ws = 18 kN/m3
b1 0.60 Friction angle, ø 35 ⁰
b2 0.90 Cohesion, C 22.52 kPa
b3 4.00
b4 0.30 Structure materials
BY 4.00 Concrete Quality, K = 35 Mpa
BX 8.00 Reinforcing Steel Grade, U = 420 Mpa
b5 1.20
B+h' 4.3

[Link] analysis

No. Description Parameter Volume Weight Load

b (m) t(m) L(m) n kN
1 Slab 6.70 0.25 20.00 1 25.00 837.5
2 Sidewalks 0.70 0.15 20.00 2 25.00 105
3 Railling 0.70 0.10 0.15 24 25.00 6.3
4 T- girder beams 0 0.00 0 25.00 0
5 Diafrgma beam 0.35 0.30 1.10 15 25.00 43.3125
Total self-weight of superstructure, = 992.11

Load on abutment due to own weight of superstructure PMS =1/2*WMS = 496.05625 kN

Eccentricity of load to. Foundation, Bx/2+b2+b1/2 = 5.20 m
Moment on foundation due to self weight of superstructure, PMS*e = 2579.49 kN.m

[Link]-weight of bottom structure

No Volume Shape ɤ Load Distance Moment

1 3.96 1 25.00 99.00 4.85 480.15
2 0.5775 1 25.00 14.44 4.45 64.25
3 16.77 1 25.00 419.25 2.625 1100.53
4 32 1 25.00 800.00 0.50 400.00
V - total = 1332.69 Moment 2044.93

Distance Abutment center point

X = ΣMx/DL = 1.53

5.5. Total load due to own weight (ms)

NO Self weight PDL MDL

1 Upper structure (slab, pavement, girders, etc.) 496.05625
2 Lower structure (abutment, pilecap, soil) 1332.69

[Link] dead load (ma)

No. Tipe additional load b (m) h (m) l (m) w (kN/m3) Weight(kN)

1 Esp. Aspaltu + Overlay 5.00 0.07 20.00 22 154
2 Rainwater 5.00 0.05 20.00 10 50
Load on the abutment due to additional dead load, Pier, PSDL = 204
Load to Foundation,1/2*PSDL = 102
The location of the point of weight of the additional dead load on the foundation, za=ht+Lc+a+ha/2 4.85
5.7. Ground pressure (ta) to abutment
In the part of the ground behind the abutment wall that is loaded with traffic, additional loads equivalent to 0.60 m thick soil in the form of
account for an additional load equivalent to 0.60 m thick soil in the form of the
equivalent uniform load of the vehicle load on that section.
The lateral earth pressure is calculated based on the nominal values of soil weight ws, inner friction angle φ, and cohesion c with :
ø' = tan-1*(Kø^R*tanø): with reduction factor for ø', Kø^R = 0.70
c' = Kc^R*c, with reduction factor for c', = 1.00
Active earth pressure coefficient, Ka = tan^2*(45⁰ - ø'/2)

Weight of soil, Ws ; 18 kN/m3

Inner friction angle , ø : 35
Cohesion , C: 22.52
Total height of the abutment,H: 4.85 m
Width ofabutment, By: 5.5 m

Evenly distributed load due to the weight of 0.60 m high soil embankment which is equivalent to vehicle load:
= 0.60 x Ws = 10.8 kPa

φ' = tan-¹ (Kφ^R * tan φ ) = 0.4543317294 26.0312905936

Ka = tan² (45⁰ - φ'/2 ) = 1.265 0.12206725223 6.99393836969

No Force due to ground pressure kNm

1 T TA = (0.60 * w s )* H * K a * B y 364.557075553 2.425 884.050908215369
2 TTA = 1/2 * H2 * w s * K a * B y 1473.41818036 1.61666666667 2382.02605824697
1837.97525591 3266.07696646234

[Link] load “d” (td)

q = 8.0 kPa for L ≤ 30

q = 8.0 *( 0.5 + 15 / L ) kPa for L > 30

For span length, L= 20.00 m q= 8.00 kPa

KEL has intensity, p= 44.00 kN/m
The dynamic load allowance for KEL is taken as follows:
DLA = 0.40 untuk L ≤ 50 m
DLA = 0.4 - 0.0025*(L - 50) untul 50 < L < 90 m
DLA = 0.30 untuk L ≥ 90 m

Distance between girders b1 = 1.60 m

For span length, L = 20.00 m, then DLA = 0.40
PTD = [ q * L * (5.5 + b) / 2 + p * DLA * (5.5 + b) / 2 ] = 630.48 kN

5.9. Pedestrian load (tp)

Highway bridges are planned to be able to carry evenly distributed live loads on sidewalks
which depends on the area of the sidewalk it supports. The relationship between
evenly distributed load and the area loaded on the sidewalk, illustrated as Figure 4 or
can be expressed by the following equation:
For A ≤ 10 m2 :q= 5 kPa
For 10 m2 < A ≤ 100 m2 : q = 5 - 0.033 * ( A - 10 ) kPa
For A > 100 m2 :q= 2 kPa

A = area of pedestrian-loaded sidewalk (m2)

q = evenly distributed live load on the sidewalk (kPa)

Span length L = 20.00

Width of sidewalk, b2 = 0.70
Number of sidewalks, n = 2
Area of the sidewalk supported by the Abutment, A = b2 * L/2 * n = 14.00 m2
Evenly distributed load on pedestrian, q = 4.868
Load on Pier due to pedestrian, P TP = A * q = 68.152 kPa

5.10. Brake force (tb)

Brake force, HTB = 250 for Lt ≤ 80 m

Brake force, HTB = 250 + 2.5*(Lt - 80) for 80 < Lt < 180 m
Brake force, HTB = 500 for Lt ≥ 180 m

for, L t = L = 20.00 Brake force = 250 kN

Brake force on the pier (for 2 lanes of traffic), TTB =250= 250 kN
Arm against Foundation: YTB = ht + Lc + a + ha = 4.85 m
Moment on Foundation due to brake force: MTB = PTB * YTB = 1212.5 kN
Arm against Breast Wall: Y'TB = Lc + a + ha = 3.85 m
Moment on Breast Wall due to brake force: MTB = PTB * Y'TB = 962.5 kN
5.11. Temperature effect (et)

Average maximum temperature 40 0C

Average minimum temperature 15 0C

Temperature difference ΔT = 12.5 0C

Coefficient of expansion for concrete, a= 1.0E-05 /0C
Shear stiffness for elatomeric supports, K= 1500.00 kNm
Span length of girder, L= 20.00 m
Number of elastomeric supports (number of girders), n= 4 unit

Abutment Force Resulting from Temperature Influence

TET = α x ΔT x k x L/2 x n = 7.50

5.12. Wind load (ew)

The force due to wind blowing on the side planes of the bridge is calculated by the formula:
T EW1 = 0.0006*Cw*(Vw)2*Ab = kN
Cw = drag coefficient
Vw = planned wind speed (m/s)
Ab = bridge side area (m2)

Cw = 1.25
Vw = 35 m/s
L= 20.00 m
ha = 2.2 m
Ab = L/2*ha = 22 m2
Wind load on abutment:
Tew1=0.0006*Cw*(Vw)2*Ab= 20.2125 kN

Arm against foundation:

YEW1 = h7 + ha /2 = 4.85 m
Moment on foundation due to wind load:
MEW1 = TEW1 * YEW1 = 98.030625 kNm
Arm against Breast wall:
Y'EW1 = h7 - h9 - h11 + ha/2 = 2.9 m
Moment on Breast wall:
M'EW1 = TEW1 * Y'EW1 = 58.61625 kNm

5.13. Wind blowing vehicles

Additional horizontal wind force on the bridge floor surface due to wind load
blowing vehicles over the bridge deck is calculated by the formula:
TEW2 = 0.0012*C w * (Vw)2*L/2 = 18.375 kN
Arm against Foundation: Y EW2 = h 7 + h b + t s + t a = 4.85 m
Moment on Foundation: M EW2 = T EW2 * Y EW2 = 89.11875 kNm
Arm against Breast wall: Y'EW2 = YEW2 - h11 - h9 = 3.85 m
Moment on Breast wall: M'EW2 = TEW2 * Y'EW2 = 70.74375 kNm

5.14. Total wind load on abutment

Total wind load on Abutment, TEW = TEW1 + TEW2 = 38.5875 kN

Total moment on Foundation, MEW = MEW1 + MEW2 = 187.149375 kNm
Total moment on Breast wall, MEW = M'EW1 + M'EW2 = 129.36 kNm

5.15. Wind load transfer to bridge deck

TEW2 = 0.0012*C w *(Vw)2 1.8375
The vertical plane blown by the wind is the side plane of the vehicle with a height of
2.00 m above the bridge floor. h = 2.00 m
Distance between vehicle wheels x = 1.75 m
Force on the abutment due to wind load transfer to the bridge floor,
P EW = 2 * [ 1/2*h / x * T EW ] * L = 42 kN

5.16. Earthquake load (eq)

The plan earthquake load is calculated by the formula :T EQ = K h * I * W t
like, K h = C * S
TEQ = Total base shear force in the direction under review (kN)
I = Importance factor
Wt = Total weight of the bridge in the form of own weight and additional dead load
C = Base shear coefficient for earthquake region, shaking time, and soil conditions
S = Structural type factors related to the energy absorption capacity (ductility) of the bridge structure
(ductility) of the bridge structure.
T = The vibration time of the structure was calculated by the following formula
T = 2*π*√[WTP/(g*KP)]
g = acceleration of gravity 9.81 m/s2
KP = structural stiffness which is the horizontal force required to cause one unit deflection (kN/m)
= K = (3x E x I)/L
 WtP = P MS (str top) + 1/2*P MS (str bottom)

5.17. Transverse direction Seismic load (X)

Height breast Wall Lb = 3.25 m

Breast wall cross-section size, Bx = 5.5 m
By = 1.5 m
Lc = 3.25
Moment of Inertia of Girder cross section, I = 1/12 * b * h3 = 1.546875 m4
Concrete quality, K-250 f c' = 0.83*K/10= fc'= 35.00 Mpa
Elastic modulus of concrete, E c = 4700 * √ f c ' = Ec = 27805.574981 Mpa
Ec = 27805574.981 kPa
Pier Wall stiffness value, Kp = 3 * Ec * Ic / Lb3 = 119109458 kN/m
Acceleration of gravity, g= 9.81 m/s2
Self weight of upper structure, QMS = 992.11 kN
Self-weight of lower structure, QMA = 1332.69 kN
Total weight of the structure, Wt = P MS(total) + P MA = 2324.80 kN
Natural vibration time of the structure, T = 2*π* √ [( Wt *g)/ * KP] = 0.0869 detik

Subgrade conditions include: (medium).

Location in earthquake region: C= 0.77
Base shear coefficient,
For bridge structures with reinforced concrete plastic joint areas, the S = 1.0 * F
the structural type factor is calculated by the formula,
with, F = 1.25 - 0.025*n and F should be taken ≥ 1
F = framing factor,
n = number of plastic joints resisting deformation of the structure. n= 1
For the value, n = 1 then: F = 1.25 - 0.025 * n = 1.225
S = 1.0 * F = 1.225
Structure type factor, Kh = C*S = 0.943
Horizontal earthquake load coefficient, Kv = 50% * Kh = 0.472 > 0.10
Vertical earthquake load coefficient, Kv = 0.472
The vertical earthquake coefficient is taken, I= 1
T EQ = K h * I * W t = 0.94325 kN
T EQ = K h * I * W t = 2192.8676 kN
Earthquake force,

h6 1.20
h7 0.55
h4 3.25
h5 1.00

No Weight TEQ Description of MEQ

PDL 992.11 935.810115625 4.85 4538.67906078
PSDL 1332.69 1257.057484375 4.85 6096.72879922
0
1 71.136 67.099032 4.85 325.4303052
2 459.648 433.562976 4.45 1929.3552432
3 22.572 21.291039 2.625 55.888977375
4 492.48 464.53176 0.5 232.26588
TEQ 3179.352407 MEQ 13178.3482658

MEQ/TEQ = 4.14 m
5.18. Bridge transverse direction earthquake load (y direction)

Moment of Inertia of Girder cross section, I = 1/12 * b * h3 = 20.797 m4

Pier Wall stiffness value, Kp = 3 * Ec * Ic / Lb3 = 50536335.108 kN/m
Natural vibration time of the structure, T = 2*π* √ [( Wt *g)/ * KP] = 0.14 detik
Base shear coefficient, C= 0.77
Structure type factor, S = 1.0 * F = 1.225
Horizontal earthquake load coefficient, Kh = C*S = 0.943
Vertical earthquake load coefficient, Kv = 50% * Kh = 0.472 > 0.10
The vertical earthquake coefficient is taken, Kv = 0.472
I= 1
Earthquake force, T EQ = K h * I * W t = 45605.067477 kN
Self weight (upper structure + lower structure), PDL 1828.74375
Additional dead load, PSDL 102
Total dead load, WT = 1930.74375
Earthquake load in the transverse direction of the bridge, TEQ = 1821.1740422
Moment on the foundation due to earthquake load, MEQ = 7548.7277622

5.19. Friction at foundation (fb)

The coefficient of friction on a pedestal 0.18

Abutment reaction due to :

Self weight of the superstructure, PDL = 992.11
Additional dead load, PSDL = 204
Abutment reaction due to fixed load: PDL + PSDL = 1196.11
Friction force on the platform, TFB =μ xPT = 215.30025
Arm against Foundation, ytb =h3 = 4.25
Momentu ba Fundasaun ne'ebe rezulta husi Seismika =
915.0260625 kNm
Moment arm for breast wall = 3.25 m
Moment on the foundation due to friction,=
699.7258125 kNm

5.20. Kombination of load

Recapitulating the loads on the pillars Vertikal Horizontal Moment

No Action/Load Simbol P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
A Fixed Action
1 Self weight DL 1828.74375 182.874375 2044.92813
2 Beb. dead additional SDL 102 10.2
3 Ground pressure 1837.97525591 0
B Traffic load 0
3 “D” lane load TD 630.48 63.048 842.04608
4 Pedestrian load 68.152 6.8152
5 Brake force TB 250 500
C Environmental Action
6 Temperature ET 7.50
7 Wind load EW 12.936 38.5875 12.936 187.149375
8 Earthquake load EQ 3179.352407 3179.352407 13178.348266 13178.3483
9 Dynamic soil engineering EQ
D Other Action
10 Friction 915.0260625 215.30025 915.0260625

combination I Vertikal Horizontal Moment

No Action/Load Simbol P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
1 Self weight DL 1828.74375 182.874375
2 Beb. dead additional SDL 102 10.2
3 Ground pressure 1837.97525591
3 “D” lane load TD
4 Pedestrian load
5 Brake force TB
6 Temperature ET
7 Wind load EW
8 Earthquake load EQ 3179.352407 13178.348266
9 Tech. dynamic soil EQ
10 Friction 215.30025 915.0260625
1930.74375 5232.62791291 0 14286.448703 0
combination II Vertikal Horizontal Moment
No Action/Load Simbol P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
1 Self weight DL 1828.74375 182.874375
2 Beb. dead additional SDL 102 10.2
3 Ground pressure 1837.97525591
3 “D” lane load TD 630.48 63.048
4 Pedestrian load 68.152 6.8152
5 Brake force TB 250 500
6 Temperature ET
7 Wind load EW 12.936 38.5875 12.936 187.149375
8 Earthquake load EQ
9 Tech. dynamic soil EQ
10 Friction
2642.31175 2087.97525591 38.5875 775.873575 187.149375

combination III Vertikal Horizontal Moment

No Action/Load Simbol P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
1 Self weight DL 1828.74375 182.874375
2 Beb. dead additional SDL 102 10.2
3 Ground pressure 1837.97525591
3 “D” lane load TD 630.48 63.048
4 Pedestrian load 68.152 6.8152
5 Brake force TB 250 500
6 Temperature ET
7 Wind load EW 12.936 0 38.5875 12.936 187.149375
8 Earthquake load EQ
9 Tech. dynamic soil EQ
10 Friction 915.0260625 215.30025 0 915.0260625
3557.3378125 2303.27550591 38.5875 1690.8996375 187.149375

combination IV Vertikal Horizontal Moment

No Action/Load Simbol P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
1 Self weight DL 1828.74375 182.874375 2044.92813
2 Beb. dead additional SDL 102 10.2
3 Ground pressure 0 1837.97525591
3 “D” lane load TD 630.48 63.048 842.04608
4 Pedestrian load 68.152 6.8152
5 Brake force TB 250 500
6 Temperature ET 7.5
7 Wind load EW 12.936 38.5875 12.936 187.149375
8 Earthquake load EQ 0 3179.352407 3179.352407 13178.348266 13178.3483
9 Tech. dynamic soil EQ
10 Friction 915.0260625 215.30025 915.0260625
3557.3378125 5490.12791291 3217.939907 14869.247903 16252.4718

combination V Vertikal Horizontal Moment

No Action/Load Simbol P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
1 Self weight DL 1828.74375 0 0 182.874375 2044.92813
2 Beb. dead additional SDL 102 0 0 10.2 0
3 Ground pressure
3 “D” lane load TD
4 Pedestrian load
5 Brake force TB
6 Temperature ET
7 Wind load EW
8 Earthquake load EQ 0 3179.352407 3179.352407 13178.348266 13178.3483
9 Tech. dynamic soil EQ 0 0 0 0 0
10 Friction 915.0260625 215.30025 0 915.0260625 0
2845.7698125 3394.652657 3179.352407 14286.448703 15223.2764

Load combination Vertikal Horizontal Moment

No Action/Load Fator load (K) P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
1 combination I 0% 1930.74375 5232.62791291 0 14286.448703 0
2 combination II 25% 2642.31175 2087.97525591 38.5875 775.873575 187.149375
3 combination III 40% 3557.3378125 2303.27550591 38.5875 1690.8996375 187.149375
3 combination IV 40% 3557.3378125 5490.12791291 3217.939907 14869.247903 16252.4718
4 combination V 50% 2845.7698125 3394.652657 3179.352407 14286.448703 15223.2764
[Link] stability control

5.21.1 Bridge transverse (x) direction overturn stability

Location of overturning point A (foundation tip) vs. foundation center:

Bx/2= 2.1 m
k = allowable overload percent (%)
M x = moment causing overturning
Moment of overturning resistance:
M p = P * (B x / 2) * (1 + k)
Safe number against overturning:
SF = M p / M x
should be ≥ 2.2

Recap the loads on the pillars Vertikal

No Combination load Fator load (K) P (kN) Mx (kN) Mp SF
1 combination - 1 0% 1930.74375 1428.64487033 4054.561875 2.8380474107
2 combination - 2 25% 2642.31175 775.873575 6936.06834375 8.9396888452
3 combination - 3 40% 3557.3378125 1690.8996375 10458.57316875 6.1852122603
4 combination - 4 40% 3557.3378125 1486.92479033 10458.57316875 7.033693457
5 combination - 5 50% 2845.7698125 1428.64487033 8964.174909375 6.2745998642

5.21.2 Longitudinal (y) rolling stability of bridges

Location of overturning point A (foundation tip) vs. foundation center: By /2= 4.9 m
k = allowable overload percent (%)
M x = moment causing overturning
Moment of overturning resistance: M p = P * (B y / 2) * (1 + k)
Safe number against overturning:
SF = M p / M y harus ≥ 2.2

Recap the loads on the pillars Vertikal

No Combination load Fator load (K) P (kN) My (kN) Mp SF
1 combination - 1 0% 1930.74375 1 9460.644375 9460.644375
2 combination - 2 25% 2642.31175 187.149375 16184.15946875 86.477229586
3 combination - 3 40% 3557.3378125 187.149375 24403.33739375 130.39497136
4 combination - 4 40% 3557.3378125 16252.4718458 24403.33739375 1.5015154387
4 combination - 5 50% 2845.7698125 15223.2763908 20916.408121875 1.3739754561

[Link] stability control

[Link] longitudinal direction shear stability

Pile-cap subgrade parameters:

Friction angle, φ = 35 ⁰ SIN 15⁰ COS 15⁰ TANG 15⁰

Cohesion, C = 22.52 kPa 0.57357643635 0.81915204428899 0.7002075382
Pile-cap base size: Bx = 8.00 m
By = 4.00 m

Shear resisting force: H = ( C * B x * B y + P * tan φ ) * (1 + k ) harus ≥ 1.1

Recap the loads on the pillars Fator load

P (kN) SF
No Combination load (K) Tx (kN) H
1 combination - 1 0% 1930.74375 5232.62791291 974248.585882909 186.18724704
2 combination - 2 25% 2642.31175 2087.97525591 1666630.0783696 798.20394119
3 combination - 3 40% 3557.3378125 2303.27550591 2513033.57406714 1091.069465
4 combination - 4 40% 3557.3378125 5490.12791291 2513033.57406714 457.73679847
5 combination - 5 50% 2845.7698125 3394.652657 2153952.75699564 634.51344648

5.22.2 Bridge transverse directional shear stability

Friction angle, φ = 35 ⁰ SIN 15⁰ COS 15⁰ TANG 15⁰

Cohesion, C = 22.52 kPa 0.57357643635 0.81915204428899 0.7002075382
Pile-cap base size: Bx = 8.00 m
By = 4.00 m

Gaya penahan geser : H = ( C * B x * B y + P * tan φ ) * (1 + k ) harus ≥ 1.1

Recap the loads on the pillars Fator load
P (kN) SF
No Combination load (K) Ty (kN) H
1 combination - 1 0% 1930.74375 0 974248.585882909 0
2 combination - 2 25% 2642.31175 38.5875 1666630.0783696 43190.931736
3 combination - 3 40% 3557.3378125 38.5875 2513033.57406714 65125.58663
4 combination - 4 40% 3557.3378125 3217.939907 2513033.57406714 780.94484257
5 combination - 5 50% 2845.7698125 3179.352407 2153952.75699564 677.48160042

The safety figure (SF) for shear stability is taken as 50% of the safety figure for gu- ling stability,
assuming that 50% of the lateral force is supported by the bored pile.
ling stability, assuming that 50% of the lateral force is supported by the drilled pile.

5.23. Ultimate load analysis

5.23.1. Pilecap

5.23.2. Pile cap ultimate load

Recap the loads on the pillars Vertikal Horizontal Moment

No Action/Load Simbol P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
1 Self weight 1.3 1828.74375 182.874375 2044.92813
2 Beb. dead additional 2 102 10.2
3 Ground pressure 1.25 1837.97525591
3 “D” lane load TD 630.48 63.048 842.04608
4 Pedestrian load 68.152 6.8152
5 Brake force TB 250 500
6 Temperature ET 7.5
7 Wind load EW 12.936 38.5875 12.936 187.149375
8 Earthquake load EQ 0 3179.352407 3179.352407 13178.348266 1317.83483
9 Tech. dynamic soil EQ
10 Friction 915.0260625 215.30025 0 915.0260625

Combination I Vertikal Horizontal Moment

No Action/Load Simbol P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
1 Self weight 1.30 2377.366875 237.7366875
2 Beb. dead additional 2.00 204 20.4
3 Ground pressure 1.25 2297.46906989
3 “D” lane load 2.00
4 Pedestrian load
5 Brake force 2.00 500
6 Temperature 1.20 9
7 Wind load 1.20 15.5232 46.305 -15.5232 1581.40179
8 Earthquake load
9 Tech. dynamic soil
10 Friction
2596.890075 2806.46906989 46.305 242.6134875 1581.40179
Combination II Vertikal Horizontal Moment
No Action/Load Simbol P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
1 Self weight 1.30 2377.366875 182.874375
2 Beb. dead additional 2.00 204 10.2
3 Ground pressure 1.25 2297.46906989
3 “D” lane load 2.00 1260.96 63.048
4 Pedestrian load
5 Brake force 2.00 500 500
6 Temperature 1.20 9
7 Wind load 1.20 15.5232 46.305 -15.5232 224.57925
8 Earthquake load
9 Tech. dynamic soil
10 Friction
3857.850075 2806.46906989 46.305 740.599175 224.57925

Combination III Vertikal Horizontal Moment

No Action/Load Simbol P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
1 Self weight 1.30 2377.366875 182.874375
2 Beb. dead additional 2.00 204 10.2
3 Ground pressure 1.25 2297.46906989
3 “D” lane load 2.00 1260.96 63.048
4 Pedestrian load 6.8152
5 Brake force 2.00 500 500
6 Temperature 1.20
7 Wind load 1.20 15.5232 46.305 -15.5232 224.57925
8 Earthquake load
9 Tech. dynamic soil
10 Friction 915.0260625 215.30025 0 915.0260625
4772.8761375 3012.76931989 46.305 1662.4404375 224.57925

CombinationIV Vertikal Horizontal Moment

No Action/Load Simbol P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
1 Self weight 1.30 2377.366875 182.874375
2 Beb. dead additional 2.00 204 10.2
3 Ground pressure 1.25 2297.46906989
3 “D” lane load 2.00 1260.96 63.048
4 Pedestrian load 2.00 136.304 6.8152
5 Brake force 2.00 500 500
6 Temperature 1.20 9
7 Wind load 1.20 15.5232 46.305 -15.5232 224.57925
8 Earthquake load
9 Tech. dynamic soil
10 Friction 1.00
3994.154075 2806.46906989 46.305 747.414375 224.57925

Combination V Vertikal Horizontal Moment

No Action/Load Simbol P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
1 Self weight 1.30 1828.74375 0 0 182.874375 2044.92813
2 Beb. dead additional 2.00 102 0 0 10.2
3 Ground pressure 1.25
3 “D” lane load 2.00
4 Pedestrian load 2.00
5 Brake force 2.00
6 Temperature 1.20
7 Wind load 1.20
8 Earthquake load 0 3179.352407 3179.352407 1317.8348266 1317.83483
9 Tech. dynamic soil
10 Friction 1.00
1930.74375 3179.352407 3179.352407 1510.9092016 3362.76295

Vertikal Horizontal Moment

No Combination load PU (kN) TUx (kN) TUy (kN) MUx (kN) MUy (kN)
1 combination - 1 2596.890075 2806.46906989 46.305 242.6134875 1581.4017919
2 combination - 2 3857.850075 2806.46906989 46.305 740.599175 224.57925
3 combination - 3 4772.8761375 3012.76931989 46.305 1662.4404375 224.57925
4 combination - 4 3994.154075 2806.46906989 46.305 747.414375 224.57925
5 combination - 5 1930.74375 3179.352407 3179.352407 1510.9092015775 3362.7629516
5.24. Breast wall reinforcement

5.24.1..Breast wall load

No Parameter Weight
b h l γ KN
1 1 0.60 1.20 5.7 24 98.496
2 2 0.4 0.4 5.7 24 21.888
3 3 1.2 2.8 5.7 24 459.648
QDL = 580.032
QDLA = 496.05625
1076.08825

5.24.2. Earth pressure

H1 = 4.1 m
φ' = tan-¹ (Kφ^R * tan φ ) = 0.4543317294
Ka = tan² (45⁰ - φ'/2 ) = 1.265
Ws = 18
0.6* Ws = 10.8
By = 9.8
No Pressure force TPR Braco MTA
1 TTA = (0.6*Ws)*H'*Ka*BY 549.124772098 2.05 1125.7057828
2 TTA = 1/2*H'*Ws*Ka*BY 457.603976748 1.36666666666667 625.39210156
TTA = 1006.72874885 MTA = 1751.0978844

5.24.3 Seismically affected earth pressure

No Parameter Weight
b h l γ KN
1 0.60 1.3 5.5 25.00 107.25
2 0.3 0.55 5.5 25.00 22.6875
3 1.20 3.25 5.5 25.00 536.25
QDL = 666.1875

TEQ = Kh * I * Wt = 0.225 * Wt

NO TEQ MEQ
Weight Braco Momentu
Top stucture
PDL 580.032 130.5072 4.85 632.95992
PSDL 496.05625 111.61265625 4.85 541.3213828125
Breast Wall
1 107.25 24.13125 3.45 83.2528125
2 22.6875 5.1046875 3.075 15.6969140625
3 536.25 120.65625 1.4 168.91875
TEQ = 392.01204375 MEQ = 1442.149779375

Recap the loads on the pillars Vertikal Horizontal Momentu

No Action/Load P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
1 Self weight 1076.088
2 Beb. dead additional 496.056
3 Ground pressure 1006.729 1751.098
3 “D” lane load 630.480
4 Pedestrian load 68.152
5 Brake force 250.000 962.500
6 Temperature 7.500 31.500
7 Wind load 129.360 38.587 187.149
8 Earthquake load 392.012 392.012 1442.150 1442.150
9 Tech. dynamic soil
10 Friction 2845.770 3394.653 2153952.757 634.513

Combination I Vertikal Horizontal Moment

No Action/Load Simbol P (kN) VUx (kN) VUy (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
1 Self weight 1.30 1398.915
2 Beb. dead additional 2.00 992.113
3 Ground pressure 1.25 1258.411 2188.872
3 “D” lane load 2.00
4 Pedestrian load 2.00
5 Brake force 2.00 500.000 1925.000
6 Temperature 1.20 9.000 37.800
7 Wind load 1.20 155.232 46.305 224.579
8 Earthquake load
9 Tech. dynamic soil
10 Friction
2546.259 1767.411 46.305 4151.672 224.579
Combination II Vertikal Horizontal Moment
No Aksaun / Kargas Simbol P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
1 Self weight 1.30 1398.915
2 Beb. dead additional 2.00 992.113
3 Ground pressure 1.25 1258.411
3 “D” lane load 2.00 1260.960
4 Pedestrian load
5 Brake force 2.00 500.000 962.500
6 Temperature 1.20 9.000
7 Wind load 1.20 155.232 46.305 -155.232 224.579
8 Earthquake load
9 Tech. dynamic soil
10 Friction
3807.219 1767.411 46.305 807.268 224.579

Combination III Vertikal Horizontal Moment

No Action/Load Simbol P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
1 Self weight 1.30 1398.915
2 Beb. dead additional 2.00 992.113
3 Ground pressure 1.25 1258.411 1751.098
3 “D” lane load 2.00 1260.960
4 Pedestrian load
5 Brake force 2.00 500.000 962.500
6 Temperature 1.20
7 Wind load 1.20 155.232 46.305 155.232 224.579
8 Earthquake load
9 Tech. dynamic soil
10 Friction
3807.219 1758.411 46.305 2868.830 224.579

Combination IV Vertikal Horizontal Moment

No Action/Load Simbol P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
1 Self weight 1.30 1398.915 0.000
2 Beb. dead additional 2.00 992.113 0.000
3 Ground pressure 1.25 1258.411
3 “D” lane load 2.00 1260.960 0.000
4 Pedestrian load 2.00 136.304 0.000
5 Brake force 2.00 500.000 962.500
6 Temperature 1.20 9.000
7 Wind load 1.20 155.232 46.305 155.232 224.579
8 Earthquake load
9 Tech. dynamic soil
10 Friction
3943.523 1767.411 46.305 1117.732 224.579

Combination V Vertikal Horizontal Moment

No Action/Load Simbol P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
1 Self weight 1.30 1076.088
2 Beb. dead additional 2.00 496.056
3 Ground pressure 1.25 1258.411 2736.090
3 “D” lane load 2.00 1260.960
4 Pedestrian load 2.00 136.304
5 Brake force 2.00 500.000 1925.000
6 Temperature 1.20 10.800 37.800
7 Wind load 1.20 155.232 55.566 269.495
8 Earthquake load
9 Tech. dynamic soil
10 Friction
3124.641 1769.211 55.566 4698.890 269.495

Vertikal Horizontal Momentu

No Load combination PU (kN) TUx (kN) TUy (kN) MUx (kN) MUy (kN)
1 combination - 1 2546.259 1767.411 46.305 4151.672 224.579
2 combination - 2 3807.219 1767.411 46.305 807.268 224.579
3 combination - 3 3807.219 1758.411 46.305 2868.830 224.579
4 combination - 4 3943.523 1767.411 46.305 1117.732 224.579
5 combination - 5 3124.641 1769.211 55.566 4698.890 269.495
5.25. Breast wall reinforcement

Concrete Quality: fc'= 35 Mpa

Concrete compressive strength, 420 Mpa
Yield stress of steel, f y = Be = 4.30 m
Column Pier Dimensions, b4 = 1.20 m

1 m wide Column Pier is reviewed: b= 1000 mm

Column Pier Width, h= 1000 mm
Thickness of Column Pier,
Ag =b*h= 1000000 mm2
Cross-sectional area of the Column Pier under review,
P u = ultimate axial force on column pier (kN)
M u = ultimate moment on the column pier (kNm) Pu for Be Pu for wide1 m
No Load combination PU (kN) MUx (kN) PU Mu e α β
1 combination - 1 2546.259 4151.672 592.153 965.505 1.630 0.140 0.041
2 combination - 2 3807.219 807.268 885.400 187.737 0.212 0.027 0.008
3 combination - 3 3807.219 2868.830 885.400 667.170 0.754 0.096 0.028
4 combination - 4 3943.523 1117.732 917.098 259.938 0.283 0.038 0.011
5 combination - 5 3124.641 4698.890 726.661 1092.765 1.504 0.158 0.046

Distance of reinforcement to the outside of the concrete, d' = 100 mm

h' = h -2*d' = 800 mm
h'/h = 0.800
d'/h = 0.100

The values α = φ.P n / (f c '.A g ) and β = φ.M n / (f c '.A g .h ) plotted into the interaction diagram are obtained,
Required reinforcement ratio, ρ= 0.80%
Area of reinforcement required: As = ρ * b * h = 8000 mm²
D= 25 mm
n= 17

The compressive reinforcement is made the same as the tensile reinforcement:

A s (tekan) = A s (tarik) = 1/2* A s = 4000 mm²
9 25 mm
Required reinforcement spacing, S = π/4*D²*b/(1/2*As) = 124 mm
S= 120 mm
D 25 - 120

Used Number of layers D. Tull Distance Area Renf

Press 2 25 200 4908.75
Tensile 2 25 200 4908.75
Total reinforcement ratio ρ= 0.82% Area sec. rebar 9817.50

5.26. Analysis of pier wall with interaction diagram

In order to control whether the reinforcement of the Pier Wall specified with the Interaction Diagram (dimensionless)
for Uniaxial Bending is sufficient, it is necessary to analyze the strength of the Pier Wall.
dimensionless) for Uniaxial Bending is sufficient, it is necessary to analyze the strength of the
Pierl Column with P-M Interaction Diagram for various loading combinations.
The input data, equations used for analysis, and analysis results of the Pier Column are presented as follows.
as follows.
Analyzing reinforced concrete walls with interaction diagrams

Reinforced concrete wall data

Concrete Quality, fc' = 35 Mpa
Yield stress of steel, fy = 420 Mpa
Elastic modulus of steel, Es = 2.0E+05 Mpa
Stress distribution factor. β1 = 0.85
Wide wall is considered, b= 1000 mm
Wall thickness h= 1000 mm
Distance Distance from concrete edgd' = 100 mm
Tensile reiTensile reinforcing steel (A s):

Tensile reinforcing steel (A s):

2 Layer D = 25 Jarak 100
Compressive reinforcing steel (A s'):
2 Layer D = 25 Jarak 100
Area of tensile reinforcement, A s = 982 mm²
Area of compressive reinforcement, A 982 mm²
Ratio of tensile and compressive reinforcement,
ρ= 1%

Strength reduction factor (Ф) for:

Stress - Flexure Ф = 0.65
Bending Ф = 0.8
5.27. Breast wall shear reinforcement

The shear reinforcement calculation for the Column Pier is based on the largest shear force between the
lateral force and ultimate moment for the load combination that is decisive in the calculation of the
compressive and flexural axial reinforcement.

Plan ultimate axial force, Pu = 726660.5814 N

Plan ultimate moment, Mu = 1.09E+09 N
Concrete Quality, fc' = 35 mPa
Quality of Reinforcing Steel, fy = 420 mPa
Concrete compressive strength, Es = 2.0E+05 mPa
Yield stress of steel, b= 1000 mm
Elastic modulus of steel, ø= 0.6
Wide wall under review, L = Lc = 3250.00 mm
Distribution factor of kek. Shear h= 1000 mm
Pier wall height As = 9817.5 mm²
Pier wall thickness d' = 100 mm
Longitudinal reinforcement area of Pier Column, Vu = Mu / L = 336235.45219 N
Distance tul. thd. edge of concrete d = h - d' = 900 mm
Ultimate shear force due to moment, Vcmax = 0.2 * fc' * b * d = 6300000 N
φ * V cmax = 3780000 N
β 1 = 1.4 - d / 2000 = 0.95
β 2 = 1 + P u / (14 * f c ' * b * h) = 1.0
β3 = 1
Vuc = β1*β2*β3*b*d*[ As* fc'/(b*d)]^1/3 = 114707.35691 N
Vc = Vuc + 0.6 * b * d = 654707.35691 N
TakenVc 654707.356910901 then, ø * Vc = 392824.41415
φ * V c > Vu (only need reinf. Slide Min .) OK

The shear force is fully shouldered by the shear reinforcement:

Vs = Vu / φ = 560392.42031 N
D= 13 distance direction y, Sy = 350 mm
Area of shear reinforcement, Asv = π/4*D²*(b/Sx) = 379.236 mm²
Required spacing of shear reinforcement, Sx = Asv*fy*d/Vs= 255.80504447
For shear reinforcement reinforcing iron is used:
D= 13 Distance in x direction, Sx = 191.00 mm
Distance in x direction, Sy = 191.00 mm
 PERHITUNGAN FONDASI FOOTPLAT
BENTUK EMPAT PERSEGI PANJANG,, abutment jembatan 2

A. DATA FONDASI FOOT PLAT

DATA TANAH
Kedalaman fondasi, Df = 1.20 m
Berat volume tanah, g= 17.00 kN/m3
Sudut gesek dalam, f= 28.00 ° 30
Kohesi, c= 15.00 kPa 11
Tahanan konus rata-rata (hasil pengujian sondir), qc = 95.00 kg/cm2
DIMENSI FONDASI
Lebar fondasi arah x, asli = 4.20 Bx = 4.20 m
Lebar fondasi arah y, asli = 7.00 By = 8.10 m
Tebal fondasi, h= 1.20 m
Lebar kolom arah x, bx = 1.20 m
Lebar kolom arah y, by = 5.70 m
Posisi kolom (dalam = 40, tepi = 30, sudut = 20) as = 40
BAHAN KONSTRUKSI
Kuat tekan beton, fc' = 20.8 MPa
Kuat leleh baja tulangan, fy = 3600 MPa
Berat beton bertulang, gc = 24 kN/m3
BEBAN RENCANA FONDASI
Gaya aksial akibat beban terfaktor, Pu = 4772.876 kN
Momen arah x akibat beban terfaktor, Mux = 1662.440 kNm
Momen arah y akibat beban terfaktor, Muy = 224.579 kNm

B. KAPASITAS DUKUNG TANAH

1. MENURUT TERZAGHI DAN PECK (1943)

Kapasitas dukung ultimit tanah menurut Terzaghi dan Peck (1943) :

qu = c * Nc * (1 + 0.3 * B / L) + Df * g * Nq + 0.5 * B * Ng * (1 - 0.2 * B / L)

c = kohesi tanah (kN/m2) c= 11.00 °

Df = Kedalaman fondasi (m) Df = 1.20 m
 g = berat volume tanah (kN/m3) g= 17.00 kN/m3
B = lebar fondasi (m) B = By = 8.10 m
L = panjang fondasi (m) L = By = 4.20 m
Sudut gesek dalam, ø= 30.00 °
f = f / 180 * p = 0.489 rad
a = e(3*p / 4 - f/2)*tan f = 3.074
Kpg = 3 * tan2 [ 45° + 1/2*( f + 33°) ] = 52.049
Faktor kapasitas dukung tanah menurut Terzaghi :
Nc = 1/ tan f * [ a2 / (2 * cos2 (45 + f/2) - 1 ] = 31.612
Nq = a / [ (2 * cos (45 + f/2) ] = Nc * tan f + 1 =
2 2
17.808
Ng = 1/2 * tan f * [ Kpg / cos f - 1 ] =2
17.484
Kapasitas dukung ultimit tanah menurut Terzaghi :
qu = c*Nc*(1+0.3*B/L) + Df*g*Nq + 0.5*B*Ng*(1-0.2*B/L) = 1155.30 kN/m2
Kapasitas dukung tanah, qa = qu / 3 = 385.10 kN/m2

2. MENURUT MEYERHOF (1956)

Kapasitas dukung tanah menurut Meyerhof (1956) :

qa = qc / 33 * [ ( B + 0.3 ) / B ]2 * Kd ( dalam kg/cm2)
dengan, Kd = 1 + 0.33 * Df / B harus £ 1.33

qc = tahanan konus rata-rata hasil sondir pada dasar fondasi ( kg/cm2 )

B = lebar fondasi (m) B = By = 8.10 m
Df = Kedalaman fondasi (m) Df = 1.20 m
Kd = 1 + 0.33 * Df / B = 1.05 < 1.33
® diambil, Kd = 1.05
Tahanan konus rata-rata hasil sondir pada dasar fondasi, qc = 95.00 kg/cm2
qa = qc / 33 * [ ( B + 0.3 ) / B ]2 * Kd = 3.25 kg/cm2
Kapasitas dukung ijin tanah, qa = 324.73 kN/m2

3. KAPASITAS DUKUNG TANAH YANG DIPAKAI

Kapasitas dukung tanah menurut Terzaghi dan Peck : qa = 385.10 kN/m2

Kapasitas dukung tanah tanah menurut Meyerhof : qa = 324.73 kN/m2
Kapasitas dukung tanah yang dipakai : qa = 324.73 kN/m2

C. KONTROL TEGANGAN TANAH

Luas dasar foot plat, A = B x * By = 34.0200 m2
Tahanan momen arah x, Wx = 1/6 * By * Bx2 = 23.8140 m3
Tahanan momen arah y, Wy = 1/6 * Bx * B = y
2
45.9270 m3
Tinggi tanah di atas foot plat, z = Df - h = 0.00 m
Tekanan akibat berat foot plat dan tanah, q = h * gc + z * g = 28.800 kN/m2 28.8
Eksentrisitas pada fondasi :
ex = Mux / Pu = 0.3483 m < Bx = 0.7000 m (OK)
ey = Muy / Pu = 0.0471 m < By = 1.3500 m (OK)
Tegangan tanah maksimum yang terjadi pada dasar fondasi :
qmax = Pu / A + Mux / Wx + Muy / Wy + q = 243.795 kN/m2 366.402
qmax < qa ® TIDAK AMAN ! (NG)
Tegangan tanah minimum yang terjadi pada dasar fondasi :
qmin = Pu / A - Mux / Wx - Muy / Wy + q = 36.797 kN/m2 -30.955
qmin > 0 ® UKURAN FONDASI KURANG BESAR

D. GAYA GESER PADA FOOT PLAT

1. TINJAUAN GESER ARAH X

Jarak pusat tulangan terhadap sisi luar beton, d' = 0.075 m

Tebal efektif foot plat, d = h - d' = 1.125 m
Jarak bid. kritis terhadap sisi luar foot plat, ax = ( Bx - bx - d ) / 2 = 0.938 m
Tegangan tanah pada bidang kritis geser arah x,
qx = qmin + (Bx - ax) / Bx * (qmax - qmin) = 197.590 kN/m2 277.707
Gaya geser arah x, Vux = [ qx + ( qmax - qx ) / 2 - q ] * ax * By = 1457.187 kN 1924.481
Lebar bidang geser untuk tinjauan arah x, b = By = 8100 mm
Tebal efektif footplat, d= 1125 mm
Rasio sisi panjang thd. sisi pendek kolom, bc = bx / by = 0.2105
Kuat geser foot plat arah x, diambil nilai terkecil dari Vc yang diperoleh dari [Link]. :
Vc = [ 1 + 2 / bc ] * √ fc' * b * d / 6 * 10-3 = 72641.473 kN
Vc = [ as * d / b + 2 ] * √ fc' * b * d / 12 * 10-3 = 26135.556 kN
Vc = 1 / 3 * √ fc' * b * d * 10-3 = 13836.471 kN
Diambil, kuat geser foot plat, ® Vc = 13836.471 kN
Faktor reduksi kekuatan geser, ø= 0.75
Kuat geser foot plat, ø * Vc = 10377.353 kN
Syarat yang harus dipenuhi,
 f * Vc ≥ Vux
10377.353 > 1457.187 ® AMAN (OK)

2. TINJAUAN GESER ARAH Y

Jarak pusat tulangan terhadap sisi luar beton, d' = 0.085 m

Tebal efektif foot plat, d = h - d' = 1.115 m
Jarak bid. kritis terhadap sisi luar foot plat, ay = ( By - by - d ) / 2 = 0.642 m
Tegangan tanah pada bidang kritis geser arah y,
qy = qmin + (By - ay) / By * (qmax - qmin) = 227.376 kN/m2
Gaya geser arah y, Vuy = [ qy + ( qmax - qy ) / 2 - q ] * ay * Bx = 558.012 kN
Lebar bidang geser untuk tinjauan arah y, b = Bx = 4200 mm
Tebal efektif footplat, d= 1115 mm
Rasio sisi panjang thd. sisi pendek kolom, bc = bx / by = 0.2105
Kuat geser foot plat arah y, diambil nilai terkecil dari Vc yang diperoleh dari [Link]. :
Vc = [ 1 + 2 / bc ] * √ fc' * b * d / 6 * 10-3 = 37331.140 kN
Vc = [ as * d / b + 2 ] * √ fc' * b * d / 12 * 10-3 = 22432.545 kN
Vc = 1 / 3 * √ fc' * b * d * 10-3 = 7110.693 kN
Diambil, kuat geser foot plat, ® Vc = 7110.693 kN
Faktor reduksi kekuatan geser, f = 0.75
Kuat geser foot plat, ø * Vc = 5333.020 kN
Syarat yang harus dipenuhi,
f * Vc ≥ Vux
5333.020 > 558.012 ® AMAN (OK)

3. TINJAUAN GESER DUA ARAH (PONS)

Jarak pusat tulangan terhadap sisi luar beton, d' = 0.085 m

Tebal efektif foot plat, d = h - d' = 1.12 m
Lebar bidang geser pons arah x, cx = bx + 2 * d = 2.315 m
Lebar bidang geser pons arah y, cy = by + 2 * d = 6.815 m
Gaya geser pons yang terjadi,
Vup = ( Bx * By - cx * cy ) * [ ( qmax + qmin ) / 2 - q ] = 2034.056 kN
Luas bidang geser pons, Ap = 2 * ( cx + cy ) * d = 20.360 m2
Lebar bidang geser pons, bp = 2 * ( cx + cy ) = 18.260 m
Rasio sisi panjang thd. sisi pendek kolom, bc = bx / by = 0.211
Tegangan geser pons, diambil nilai terkecil dari fp yang diperoleh dari [Link]. :
fp = [ 1 + 2 / bc ] * √ fc' / 6 = 7.972 MPa
fp = [ as * d / bp + 2 ] * √ fc' / 12 = 1.686 MPa
fp = 1 / 3 * √ fc' = 1.518 MPa
Tegangan geser pons yang disyaratkan, fp = 1.518 MPa
Faktor reduksi kekuatan geser pons, f = 0.75
Kuat geser pons, f * Vnp = f * Ap * fp * 103 = 23185.94 kN
Syarat : f * Vnp ≥ Vup
23185.940 > 2034.056 ® AMAN (OK)
f * Vnp ≥ Pu
23185.940 > 4772.876 ® AMAN (OK)

E. PEMBESIAN FOOTPLAT
1. TULANGAN LENTUR ARAH X

2866.5

Jarak tepi kolom terhadap sisi luar foot plat, ax = ( Bx - bx ) / 2 = 1.500 m

Tegangan tanah pada tepi kolom,
qx = qmin + (Bx - ax) / Bx * (qmax - qmin) = 169.867 kN/m2
Momen yang terjadi pada plat fondasi akibat tegangan tanah,
Mux = 1/2 * ax2 * [ qx + 2/3 * ( qmax - qx ) - q ] * By = 1734.590 kNm
Lebar plat fondasi yang ditinjau, b = By = 8100 mm
Tebal plat fondasi, h= 1200 mm
Jarak pusat tulangan thd. sisi luar beton, d' = 75 mm
Tebal efektif plat, d = h - d' = 1125 mm
Kuat tekan beton, fc' = 20.75 MPa
Kuat leleh baja tulangan, fy = 3600 MPa
Modulus elastis baja, Es = 200000.00 MPa
Faktor distribusi teg. beton, b1 = 0.85
rb = b1* 0.85 * fc’/ fy * 600 / ( 600 + fy ) = 0.000594916
Faktor reduksi kekuatan lentur, f = 0.80
Rmax = 0.75 * rb * fy * [1-½*0.75* rb * fy / ( 0.85 * fc’ ) ] = 1.533
Mn = Mux / f = 2168.237 kNm
Rn = Mn * 106 / ( b * d2 ) = 0.21150
Rn < Rmax ® (OK)
Rasio tulangan yang diperlukan,
r = 0.85 * fc’ / fy * [ 1 - √ {1 – 2 * Rn / ( 0.85 * fc’ ) } ] = 0.0001
Rasio tulangan minimum, rmin = 0.0025
Rasio tulangan yang digunakan, ® r= 0.0025
Luas tulangan yang diperlukan, As = r * b * d = 22781.25 mm2
Diameter tulangan yang digunakan, D 25 mm
Jarak tulangan yang diperlukan, s = p / 4 * D2 * b / As = 175 mm
Jarak tulangan maksimum, smax = 200 mm
Jarak tulangan yang digunakan, ® s= 200 mm
Digunakan tulangan, D 25 - 200
Luas tulangan terpakai, As = p / 4 * D2 * b / s = 19880.39 mm2
n= 41

2. TULANGAN LENTUR ARAH Y

Jarak tepi kolom terhadap sisi luar foot plat, ay = ( By - by ) / 2 = 1.200 m

Tegangan tanah pada tepi kolom,
qy = qmin + (By - ay) / By * (qmax - qmin) = 213.129 kN/m2
Momen yang terjadi pada plat fondasi akibat tegangan tanah,
Muy = 1/2 * ay2 * [ qy + 2/3 * ( qmax - qy ) - q ] * Bx = 619.23 kNm
Lebar plat fondasi yang ditinjau, b = Bx = 4200.00 mm
Tebal plat fondasi, h= 1200.00 mm
Jarak pusat tulangan thd. sisi luar beton, d' = 85.00 mm
Tebal efektif plat, d = h - d' = 1115.00 mm
Kuat tekan beton, fc' = 20.75 MPa
Kuat leleh baja tulangan, fy = 3600.00 MPa
Modulus elastis baja, Es = 200000.00 MPa
Faktor distribusi teg. beton, b1 = 0.85
rb = b1* 0.85 * fc’/ fy * 600 / ( 600 + fy ) = 0.00
Faktor reduksi kekuatan lentur, f = 0.80
Rmax = 0.75 * rb * fy * [1-½*0.75* rb * fy / ( 0.85 * fc’ ) ] = 1.53
Mn = Muy / f = 774.04 kNm
Rn = Mn * 106 / ( b * d2 ) = 0.15
Rn < Rmax ® (OK)
Rasio tulangan yang diperlukan,
r = 0.85 * fc’ / fy * [ 1 - Ö {1 – 2 * Rn / ( 0.85 * fc’ ) } ] = 0.00004
Rasio tulangan minimum, rmin = 0.00039
Rasio tulangan yang digunakan, ® r= 0.00039
Luas tulangan yang diperlukan, As = r * b * d = 1821.167 mm2
Diameter tulangan yang digunakan, D 25.000 mm
Jarak tulangan yang diperlukan, s = p / 4 * D2 * b / As = 1132.060 mm
Jarak tulangan maksimum, smax = 200.000 mm
S 180.000
Jarak tulangan yang digunakan, ® s= 200.000 mm
Digunakan tulangan, D 25 - 200.000
Luas tulangan terpakai, As = p / 4 * D2 * b / s = 11453.750 mm2
n= 24.000

3. TULANGAN SUSUT

Rasio tulangan susut minimum, rsmin = 0.0014

Luas tulangan susut arah x, Asx = rsmin* d * Bx = 12757.500 mm2
Luas tulangan susut arah y, Asy = rsmin* d * By = 6556.200 mm2
Diameter tulangan yang digunakan, ø 22 mm
n = 21
n = 11

Jarak tulangan susut arah x, sx = p / 4 * D2 * By / Asx = 241 mm

Jarak tulangan susut maksimum arah x, sx,max = 200 mm
Jarak tulangan susut arah x yang digunakan, ® sx = 200 mm
Jarak tulangan susut arah y, sy = p / 4 * Æ2 * Bx / Asy = 244 mm
Jarak tulangan susut maksimum arah y, sy,max = 200 mm
Jarak tulangan susut arah y yang digunakan, ® sy = 200 mm
Digunakan tulangan susut arah x, ø 22 - 200
Digunakan tulangan susut arah y, ø 22 - 200
TULANGAN UNTUK JEMBATAN 1
 ANALIZA KARGAS BA PILAR
A. DADUS ESTRUTURA LETEN

Deskrisaun Notasaun Dimensaun Unidade

Largura dalan b1 6.00 m
lagura trotoar b2 0.90 m
Lagura total Ponte b3 7.80 m
Espesura Laje Ponte el 0.20 m
Espesura aspaltu + overlay ea 0.05 m
Altura be nalihun ab 0.05 m
Altura Viga hb 1.20 m
Distansia entre Viga S 1.70 m
Komprimentu Viga L 16.00 m

B. DADUS ESTRUTURA OKOS

NOTASAUN m
h1 0.75
h2 0.15
h3 0.75
h4 2.80
h5 1.00
b1 0.40
b2 0.80
b3 3.60
BY 4.20
BX 9.80

RAI ATERU
Pezu Volume, Ws = 17.2 kN/m3
Angulu, ø 35 ⁰
Kohezaun, C 0 kPa
RAI ORIJINAL ( PILE CAP NIA OKOS)
Pezu Volume, Ws = 18 kN/m3
Angulu, ø 28 ⁰
Kohezaun, C 15 kPa

MATERIAL ESTRUTURA
Kualidade Betaun, K = 250 20.75 Mpa
Kualidade Besi, U = 39 390 Mpa

I. ANALIZA BA KARGAS

No. Deskrisaun Parametru Volume Pezu Karga

b (m) t(m) L(m) n
1 Laje 5.1 0.2 16.75 1 24 410.04
2 Deck Slab 1.35 0.2 16.75 1 24 108.54
3 Trotoar 16.75 1 24 402.00
4 Volume Viga 0.435 16.75 4 24 699.48
Diafrgma 0.3 0.3 4.8 10 24 103.68
Karga Estrutura Leten = 1723.74

Karga ne'ebe mak transfere husi estrutura Leten ba Abutment, PMS =1/2*WMS = 861.87
Eksentrisidade karga ba fundasaun, Bx/2+b2+b1/2 = 0.00 m
Momentu ba fundasaun ne'ebe rezulta husi todan rasik estrutura, PMS*e = 0.00
 ABUTMENT 2 ABUTMENT 1

1.2 Todan Rasik Abutment

No Volume Shape ɤ Karga Distansia Momentu No

1 2.964 1 24 71.136 4.45 316.5552 1
2 0.5985 0.5 24 7.182 4.075 29.26665 2
3 19.152 1 24 459.648 2.4 1103.1552 3
4 41.16 1 24 987.84 0.50 493.92 4
V - total = 1525.806 Momentu 1942.89705

Distansia Pontu sentral Abutment

X = ΣMx/DL = 1.27335785152

1.3 Total Kargas husi Todan Rasik Estrutura (DL)

NO Todan RaSik PDL MDL

1 Estrutura Leten 861.87
2 Estrutura Okos 1525.806

[Link] ADISIONAL

No. Tipu Karga Adisional b h l w Todan

1 Esp. Aspaltu + Overlay 6 0.05 16 22 105.6
2 Raillings, Lights, nst.
3 Be'e Nalihun 6 0.05 16 9.8 47.04
Beban mati tambahan pada Pier, PSDL = 152.64
Karga ba Fundasaun,1/2*PSDL = 76.32
Letak titik berat beban mati tambahan terhadap fondasi, za=ht+Lc+a+ha/2 = 4.4

3. PRESAUN HUSI RAI BA ABUTMENT

Ba parte sira husi abutment nia kotuk ne'ebe mak hatodan husi kargas veikulus, tenki kalkula ho
ezistensia karga adisional ne'ebe mak ho nia spesura 0.60m ne'ebe mak akumula karga distribuida
Presaun rai lateral sei kalkula bazeia ba karga nominal husi karga hirak mak hanesan tuir mai ne'e:

ø' = tan-1*(Kø^R*tanø) : fator redusaun ba ø', Kø^R = 0.70

c' = Kc^R * c, fator redusaun ba c' , = 1.00
Koefisiente Presaun Rai Ativu, Ka = tan^2*(45⁰ - ø'/2)

Pezu espesifiku rai, Ws ; 17.2 kN/m3

Angulu sizallamentu, ø : 35
No kohezaun, C: 0
Altura total Abutment,H: 5.1 m
Largura abutment, By: 5.7 m

Karga distribuida ba ateru rai ho altura 0.60 cm ne'ebe mak hamosu karga ekivalente veikulu:
= 0.60 x Ws = 10.32 kPa

φ' = tan-¹ (Kφ^R * tan φ ) = 0.3200208202 rad 18.33584235

Ka = tan² (45⁰ - φ'/2 ) = 0.552 2.932478317417 168.0186311

No Forsa ne'ebe rezulta husi Presaun Rai kNm

1 T TA = (0.60 * w s )* H * K a * B y 165.7408354356 2.55 422.63913036
2 TTA = 1/2 * H2 * w s * K a * B y 704.3985506012 1.7 1197.477536
870.1393860368 1620.1166664

[Link] VIA "D"

q = 8.0 kPa untuk L ≤ 30

q = 8.0 *( 0.5 + 15 / L ) kPa untuk L > 30

Untuk panjang bentang, L= 16.00 m q= 8.00 kPa

KEL mempunyai intensitas, p= 44.00 kN/m
Faktor beban dinamis (Dinamic Load Allowance) untuk KEL diambil sebagai berikut :
DLA = 0.40 untuk L ≤ 50 m
DLA = 0.4 - 0.0025*(L - 50) untul 50 < L < 90 m
DLA = 0.30 untuk L ≥ 90 m

Jarak antara girder b1 = 1.70 m

Untuk panjang bentang, L = 16.00 m, maka DLA = 0.40
PTD = [ q * L * (5.5 + b) / 2 + p * DLA * (5.5 + b) / 2 ] = 524.16 kN

5. BEBAN PEDESTRIAN / PEJALAN KAKI (TP)

Jembatan jalan raya direncanakan mampu memikul beban hidup merata pada trotoar
yang besarnya tergantung pada luas bidang trotoar yang didukungnya. Hubungan antara
beban merata dan luasan yang dibebani pada trotoar, dilukiskan seperti Gambar 4 atau
dapat dinyatakan dengan persamaan sebagai berikut :
Untuk A ≤ 10 m2 : q = 5 kPa
Untuk 10 m2 < A ≤ 100 m2 : q = 5 - 0.033 * ( A - 10 ) kPa
Untuk A > 100 m2 : q = 2 kPa

A = luas bidang trotoar yang dibebani pejalan kaki (m2)

q = beban hidup merata pada trotoar (kPa)

Panjang bentang, L = 16.00

Lebar trotoar, b2 = 0.90
Jumlah trotoar, n = 2
Luas bidang trotoar yang didukung Abutment,A = b2 * L/2* n = 14.40 m2
Beban merata pada pedestrian, q = 4.8548
Beban pada Pier akibat pejalan kaki, P TP = A * q = 69.90912 kPa

6. FORSA TRAVA
Gaya rem, HTB = 250 untuk Lt ≤ 80 m
Gaya rem, HTB = 250 + 2.5*(Lt - 80) untul 80 < Lt < 180 m
Gaya rem, HTB = 500 untuk Lt ≥ 180 m

Untuk, L t = L = 16.00 Gaya rem = 250 kN

Gaya rem pada pier (untuk 2 jalur lalu-lintas), TTB =250 = 250 kN
Lengan terhadap Fondasi : YTB = ht + Lc + a + ha = 5.10 m
Momen pada Fondasi akibat gaya rem : MTB = PTB * YTB = 1275 kN
Lengan terhadap Breast Wall : Y'TB = Lc + a + ha = 4.10 m
Momen pada Breast Wall akibat gaya rem : MTB = PTB * Y'TB = 1025 kN

7. INFLUENSIA TEMPERATURA

Temperatura mediu maximu 40 0C

Temperatura mediu minimu 15 0C

Diferensa temperatura ΔT = 12.5 0C

Koefisente expansionamentu a= 1.0E-05 /0C
Rijidade sizallmentu ba suporte elastomeric K= 1500.00 kNm
Komprimentu Viga L= 16 m
Total suporte elastomeric n= 4 unit

ForsaAbutment ne'ebe rezulta husi influensia temperatura

TET = α x ΔT x k x L/2 x n = 6.00

7. KARGA ANIN (EW)

Karga ne'ebe huu ba ponte nia sorin kalkula ho formula hanesan tuir mai ne'e:
T EW1 = 0.0006*Cw *(Vw)2*Ab = kN
Cw = coeficiente de arrasto
Vw = Velosidade anin (m/s)
Ab = Area face ponte(m2)

Cw = 1.25
Vw = 35 m/s
L= 16 m
ha = 2.2 m
Ab = L/2*ha = 17.6 m2
Karga Anin ba Abutment
Tew1=0.0006*Cw*(Vw)2*Ab= 16.17 kN

Lengan terhadap Fondasi :

YEW1 = h7 + ha /2 = 4.9 m
Momen pd Fondasi akibat beban angin :
MEW1 = TEW1 * YEW1 = 79.233 kNm
Lengan terhadap Breast wall :
Y'EW1 = h7 - h9 - h11 + ha/2 = 2.9 m
Momen pd Breast wall :
M'EW1 = TEW1 * Y'EW1 = 46.893 kNm

5.2 Kalkulasaun ba karga anin ne'ebe huu veikulu

Karga anin adisional ho diresaun Orizontal ba superfisie pavimentu ponte nian ne'ebe rezulta husi
anin ne'ebe huu veikulu no kalkula ho formula tuir mai mai:
TEW2 = 0.0012*C w *(Vw)2*L/2 = 14.7 kN
Lengan terhadap Fondasi : Y EW2 = h 7 + h b + t s + t a = 5.1 m
Momen pd Fondasi : M EW2 = T EW2 * Y EW2 = 74.97 kNm
Lengan terhadap Breast wall : Y'EW2 = YEW2 - h11 - h9 = 4.1 m
Momen pd Breast wall : M'EW2 = TEW2 * Y'EW2 = 60.27 kNm

5.3 Karga Total Anin ba Abutment

Total beban angin pada Abutment, TEW= TEW1 + TEW2 = 30.87 kN

Total momen pd Fondasi, MEW = MEW1 + MEW2 = 154.203 kNm
Total momen pd Breast wall, MEW = M'EW1 + M'EW2 = 107.163 kNm

5.4 Transferensia karga anin ba laje ponte

TEW2 = 0.0012*C w *(Vw)2 1.8375
Bidang vertikal yang ditiup angin merupakan bidang samping kendaraan dengan tinggi
2.00 m di atas lantai jembatan. h= 2.00 m
Jarak antara roda kendaraan x= 1.75 m
Gaya pada abutment akibat transfer beban angin ke lantai jembatan,
P EW = 2 * [ 1/2*h / x * T EW ] * L = 33.6 kN

6. Karga Simika
Karga Sismika Planeada Kalkula ho Formula : T EQ = K h * I * W t
nune'e , K h = C * S
TEQ = Total Forsa sizallamentu basiku ba diresaun ne'ebe difine
I = Fator Importansia
Wt = Todan total estrutura
C = Koefisiente Sizallamentu basiku ba zona sismika ho kondisaun normal
S = Fator tipu estrutura ne'ebe iha relasaun ho kapasidade penyerapan energy gempa
(daktilitas) dari estruktur jembatan.
T = Tempu vibrasaun estrutura kalkula ho formula hanesan tuir mai
T = 2*π*√[WTP/(g*KP)]
g = Aselerasaun gravitasional 9.81 m/s2
KP = Rigidade estrutura ne'ebe mak kobre karga horizontal ne'ebe presija atu hamosu
deflesaun ruma (kN/m) = K = (3x E x I)/L
WtP = P MS (str Leten) + 1/2*P MS (str Okos)

6.1 Karga Sismika diresaun transversal (X)

Altura breast Wall Lb = 2.8 m

Medida Seksaun Breast Wall Bx = 5.7 m
By = 1.2 m
Lc = 2.8
Momen Inersia penampang Girder, I = 1/12 * b * h3 = 0.8208 m4
Kualidade betaun, K - 250 f c ' = 0.83 * K / 10 = 20.75 Mpa
Modulus elastis beton, E c = 4700 * √ f c ' = 21409.519 Mpa
Ec = 21409519 kPa
Nilai kekakuan Pier Wall, Kp = 3 * Ec * Ic / Lb3 = 56484428 kN/m
Aselerasaun gravitasional, g= 9.81 m/s2
Todan estrutura leten (Super - structure), QMS = 1723.74 kN
Todan esturura kraik (Sub - structure) QMA = 1525.81 kN
Todan Total Estrutura Wt = P MS(total) + P MA = 3249.55 kN
Tempu Vibrasaun, T = 2*π* √ [( Wt *g)/ * KP] = 0.1492 detik

Konsidaun Rai Konsidera Normal (medium).

Lokalizasaun Zona Sismika Zona = 5
Koefisiente Sizallamentu basiku C= 0.83
Untuk struktur jembatan dengan daerah sendi plastis beton beton bertulang, maka
faktor tipe struktur dihitung dengan rumus, S = 1.0 * F
dengan, F = 1.25 - 0.025 * n dan F harus diambil ≥ 1
F = faktor perangkaan,
n = jumlah sendi plastis yang menahan deformasi struktur.
Untuk nilai, n = 1 maka : n= 1
F = 1.25 - 0.025 * n = 1.225
Faktor tipe struktur, S = 1.0 * F = 1.225
Koefisien beban gempa horisontal, Kh = C*S = 1.017
Koefisien beban gempa vertikal, Kv = 50% * Kh = 0.508 > 0.10
Diambil koefisien gempa vertikal, Kv = 0.508
I= 1
T EQ = K h * I * W t = 1.01675 kN
Forsa Seismika, T EQ = K h * I * W t = 3303.9759 kN
 h1 1.30
h2 0.55
h3 2.80
h4 1.00

No Todan TEQ Braco Momento MEQ

PDL 1723.74 1752.612645 5.1 8938.3244895
PSDL 1525.81 1551.3632505 5.1 7911.95257755
0
1 71.136 72.327528 2.55 184.4351964
2 459.648 467.347104 0.275 128.5204536
3 22.572 22.950081 1.9 43.6051539
4 492.48 500.72904 0.50 250.36452
TEQ 4367.3296485 MEQ 17457.20239095

MEQ/TEQ = 3.9972 m

6.1.2 KARGA SEISMIKA DIRESAUN LONGITUDINAL ( DIRESAUN Y )

Momen Inersia penampang Girder, I = 1/12 * b * h3 = 18.5193 m4

Nilai kekakuan Pier Wall, Kp = 3 * Ec * Ic / Lb3 = 54184945 kN/m
Tempu Vibrasaun, T = 2*π* √ [( Wt *g)/ * KP] = 0.1524005 detik
Koefisiente Sizallamentu basiku C= 0.83
Faktor tipe struktur, S = 1.0 * F = 1.225
Koefisien beban gempa horisontal, Kh = C*S = 1.017
Koefisien beban gempa vertikal, Kv = 50% * Kh = 0.508 > 0.10
Diambil koefisien gempa vertikal, Kv = 0.508
I= 1
Forsa Seismika, T EQ = K h * I * W t = kN
Todan Rasik Estrutura leten ho kraik PDL 2387.676
Karga Adisional PSDL 76.32
Karga Total WT = 2463.996
Karga Sesimika Diresaun transvesal TEQ = 2505.2679
Momentu ba Funsaun MEQ = 10014.121

7. Karga Kose

Koefisiente Kose ba Padestal = 0.18

Reasaun Apoio husi Abutment

Todan Rasik Estrutura Leten PDL = 1723.74
Karga Maten Adisional PSDL = 152.64
Reasaun apoio husi PDL + PSDL = 1876.38
Forsa Kose ba Abutment TFB =μ xPT = 337.7484
Braco Momentu ba Fundasaun, ytb =h3 = 3.8
Momentu ba Fundasaun ne'ebe rezulta husi Seismika =
1283.44392 kNm
Braco momentu ba breast wall = 2.8 m
Momentu ba Breast Wall ne'ebe rezulta husi Seismika =
945.69552 kNm
8. Kombinasaun Kargas
Rekapitulasaun Karga Ba Pilar Vertikal Horizontal Momentu
No Aksaun / Kargas Simbolu P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
A Aksaun Permanente
1 Todan Rasik estrutura DL 2387.676 238.7676 1942.89705
2 Todan Adisional SDL 76.32 7.632
3 Presaun Rai 870.139386 0
B Karga Veikulu 0
3 Karga Via "D" TD 524.16 52.416 842.0460801
4 Karga Pioes 69.90912 6.990912
5 Karga Travaun TB 250 500
C Aksaun Ambiente
6 Temperatura ET 6.00
7 Karga anin EW 10.7163 30.87 10.7163 154.203
8 Karga Seimika EQ 4367.329649 4367.3296485 17457.202 17457.20239
9 Presaun Rai Dinamika EQ
D Aksaun Seluk
10 Kose 1283.44392 337.7484 1283.4439

KOMBINASAUN I Vertikal Horizontal Momentu

No Aksaun / Kargas Simbolu P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
1 Todan Rasik estrutura DL 2387.676 238.7676
2 Todan Adisional SDL 76.32 7.632
3 Presaun Rai 870.139386
3 Karga Via "D" TD
4 Karga Pioes
5 Karga Travaun TB
6 Temperatura ET
7 Karga anin EW
8 Karga Seimika EQ 4367.329649 17457.202
9 Presaun Rai Dinamika EQ
10 Kose 337.7484 1283.4439
2463.996 5575.217435 0 18987.046 0

KOMBINASAUN II Vertikal Horizontal Momentu

No Aksaun / Kargas Simbolu P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
1 Todan Rasik estrutura DL 2387.676 238.7676
2 Todan Adisional SDL 76.32 7.632
3 Presaun Rai 870.139386
3 Karga Via "D" TD 524.16 52.416
4 Karga Pioes 69.90912 6.990912
5 Karga Travaun TB 250 500
6 Temperatura ET
7 Karga anin EW 10.7163 30.87 10.7163 154.203
8 Karga Seimika EQ
9 Presaun Rai Dinamika EQ
10 Kose
3068.78142 1120.139386 30.87 816.52281 154.203

KOMBINASAUN III Vertikal Horizontal Momentu

No Aksaun / Kargas Simbolu P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
1 Todan Rasik estrutura DL 2387.676 238.7676
2 Todan Adisional SDL 76.32 7.632
3 Presaun Rai 870.139386
3 Karga Via "D" TD 524.16 52.416
4 Karga Pioes 69.90912 6.990912
5 Karga Travaun TB 250 500
6 Temperatura ET
7 Karga anin EW 10.7163 0 30.87 10.7163 154.203
8 Karga Seimika EQ
9 Presaun Rai Dinamika EQ
10 Kose 1283.44392 337.7484 0 1283.4439
 4352.22534 1457.887786 30.87 2099.9667 154.203

KOMBINASAUN IV Vertikal Horizontal Momentu

No Aksaun / Kargas Simbolu P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
1 Todan Rasik estrutura DL 2387.676 0 0 238.7676 1942.89705
2 Todan Adisional SDL 76.32 0 0 7.632 0
3 Presaun Rai 0 870.139386 0 0 0
3 Karga Via "D" TD 524.16 0 0 52.416 842.0460801
4 Karga Pioes 69.90912 0 0 6.990912 0
5 Karga Travaun TB 250 0 500 0
6 Temperatura ET 6 0 0 0
7 Karga anin EW 10.7163 0 30.87 10.7163 154.203
8 Karga Seimika EQ 0 4367.329649 4367.3296485 17457.202 17457.20239
9 Presaun Rai Dinamika EQ
10 Kose 1283.44392 337.7484 0 1283.4439 0
4352.22534 5831.217435 4398.1996485 19557.169 20396.34852

KOMBINASAUN V Vertikal Horizontal Momentu

No Aksaun / Kargas Simbolu P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
1 Todan Rasik estrutura DL 2387.676 0 0 238.7676 1942.89705
2 Todan Adisional SDL 76.32 0 0 7.632 0
3 Presaun Rai
3 Karga Via "D" TD
4 Karga Pioes
5 Karga Travaun TB
6 Temperatura ET
7 Karga anin EW
8 Karga Seimika EQ 0 4367.329649 4367.3296485 17457.202 17457.20239
9 Presaun Rai Dinamika EQ 0 0 0 0 0
10 Kose 1283.44392 337.7484 0 1283.4439 0
3747.43992 4705.078049 4367.3296485 18987.046 19400.09944

KOMBINASAUN KARGAS Vertikal Horizontal Momentu

No Aksaun / Kargas P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
1 KOMBINASAUN I 0% 2463.996 5575.217435 0 18987.046 0
2 KOMBINASAUN II 25% 3068.78142 1120.139386 30.87 816.52281 154.203
3 KOMBINASAUN III 40% 4352.22534 1457.887786 30.87 2099.9667 154.203
3 KOMBINASAUN IV 40% 4352.22534 5831.217435 4398.1996485 19557.169 20396.34852
4 KOMBINASAUN V 50% 3747.43992 4705.078049 4367.3296485 18987.046 19400.09944

11. KONTROL STABILITAS GULING

11.1. STABILITAS GULING ARAH MELINTANG (X) JEMBATAN

Letak titik guling A (ujung fondasi) thd. pusat fondasi :

Bx /2= 2.1 m
k = persen kelebihan beban yang diijinkan (%)
M x = momen penyebab guling
Momen penahan guling :
M p = P * (B x / 2) * (1 + k)
Angka aman terhadap guling :
SF = M p / M x
harus ≥ 2.2

Rekapitulasaun Karga Ba Pilar Vertikal SF

No Kombinasaun Kargas Fator karga P (kN) Mx (kN) Mp SF >2.2 (OK)
1 KOMBINASI-1 0% 2463.996 1898.704591 5174.3916 2.725222 OK
2 KOMBINASI-2 25% 3068.78142 816.522812 8055.5512275 9.8656781 OK
3 KOMBINASI-3 40% 4352.22534 2099.966732 12795.5425 6.093212 OK
4 KOMBINASI-4 40% 4352.22534 1955.716912 12795.5425 6.5426353 OK
5 KOMBINASI-5 50% 3747.43992 1898.704591 11804.435748 6.2170997 OK

11.1. STABILITAS GULING ARAH MEMANJANG (Y) JEMBATAN

Letak titik guling A (ujung fondasi) thd. pusat fondasi : By /2= 4.9 m
k = persen kelebihan beban yang diijinkan (%)
M x = momen penyebab guling
Momen penahan guling : M p = P * (B y / 2) * (1 + k)
Angka aman terhadap guling :
SF = M p / M y harus ≥ 2.2

Rekapitulasaun Karga Ba Pilar Vertikal SF

No Kombinasaun Kargas Fator karga P (kN) My (kN) Mp SF >2.2 (OK)
1 KOMBINASI-1 0% 2463.996 0 12073.5804 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
2 KOMBINASI-2 25% 3068.78142 154.203 18796.286198 121.89313 OK
3 KOMBINASI-3 40% 4352.22534 154.203 29856.265832 193.61663 OK
4 KOMBINASI-4 40% 4352.22534 20396.34852 29856.265832 1.4638045 NO
4 KOMBINASI-5 50% 3747.43992 19400.09944 27543.683412 1.4197702 NO

13. KONTROL STABILITAS GESER

13.1. STABILITAS GESER ARAH MEMANJANG JEMBATAN
Parameter tanah dasar Pile-cap :

Sudut gesek, φ = 15 ⁰ SIN 15⁰ COS 15⁰ TANG 15⁰

Kohesi, C= 5 kPa 0.258819045 0.9659258263 0.2679492
Ukuran dasar Pile-cap : Bx = 4.20 m
By = 9.80 m

Gaya penahan geser : H = ( C * B x * B y + P * tan φ ) * (1 + k ) harus ≥ 1.1

Rekapitulasaun Karga Ba Pilar

P (kN) SF Ket.
No Kombinasaun Kargas Fator karga Tx (kN) H
1 KOMBINASAUN-1 0% 2463.996 5575.217435 135874.45695 24.371149 OK
2 KOMBINASAUN-2 25% 3068.78142 1120.139386 211530.88771 188.84336 OK
3 KOMBINASAUN-3 40% 4352.22534 1457.887786 335998.41739 230.46933 OK
4 KOMBINASAUN-4 40% 4352.22534 5831.217435 335998.41739 57.620629 OK
5 KOMBINASAUN-5 50% 3747.43992 4705.078049 309972.92453 65.880506 OK

13.2. STABILITAS GESER ARAH MELINTANG JEMBATAN

Sudut gesek, φ = 15 ⁰ SIN 15⁰ COS 15⁰ TANG 15⁰

Kohesi, C= 5 kPa 0.258819045 0.9659258263 0.2679492
Ukuran dasar Pile-cap : Bx = 4.20 m
By = 9.80 m

Gaya penahan geser : H = ( C * B x * B y + P * tan φ ) * (1 + k ) harus ≥ 1.1

Rekapitulasaun Karga Ba Pilar

P (kN) SF Ket.
No Kombinasaun Kargas Fator karga Ty (kN) H
1 KOMBINASAUN-1 0% 2463.996 0 135874.45695 0 NO
2 KOMBINASAUN-2 25% 3068.78142 30.87 211530.88771 6852.3125 OK
3 KOMBINASAUN-3 40% 4352.22534 30.87 335998.41739 10884.302 OK
4 KOMBINASAUN-4 40% 4352.22534 4398.199649 335998.41739 76.394535 OK
5 KOMBINASAUN-5 50% 3747.43992 4367.329649 309972.92453 70.97539 OK

Angka aman (SF) untuk stabilitas geser diambil 50% dari angka aman untuk stabilitas gu-
ling, dengan anggapan bahwa 50% gaya lateral didukung oleh tiang bor.

II. ANALISIS BEBAN ULTIMIT

1. PILECAP
1.1. BEBAN ULTIMIT PILECAP
Rekapitulasaun Karga Ba Pilar Vertikal Horizontal Momentu
No Aksaun / Kargas Simbolu P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
1 Todan Rasik estrutura 1.3 2387.676 238.7676 1942.89705
2 Todan Adisional 2 76.32 7.632
3 Presaun Rai 1.25 870.139386
3 Karga Via "D" TD 524.16 52.416 842.0460801
4 Karga Pioes 69.90912 6.990912
5 Karga Travaun TB 250 500
6 Temperatura ET 6
7 Karga anin EW 10.7163 30.87 10.7163 154.203
8 Karga Seimika EQ 0 4367.329649 4367.3296485 17457.202 1745.720239
9 Presaun Rai Dinamika EQ
10 Kose 1283.44392 337.7484 0 1283.4439

KOMBINASAUN I Vertikal Horizontal Momentu

No Aksaun / Kargas Simbolu P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
1 Todan Rasik estrutura 1.30 3103.9788 310.39788
2 Todan Adisional 2.00 152.64 15.264
3 Presaun Rai 1.25 1087.674233
3 Karga Via "D" 2.00
4 Karga Pioes
5 Karga Travaun 2.00 500
6 Temperatura 1.20 7.2
7 Karga anin 1.20 12.85956 37.044 -12.85956 2094.864287
8 Karga Seimika
9 Presaun Rai Dinamika
10 Kose
3269.47836 1594.874233 37.044 312.80232 2094.864287

KOMBINASAUN II Vertikal Horizontal Momentu

No Aksaun / Kargas Simbolu P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
1 Todan Rasik estrutura 1.30 3103.9788 238.7676
2 Todan Adisional 2.00 152.64 7.632
3 Presaun Rai 1.25 1087.674233
3 Karga Via "D" 2.00 1048.32 52.416
4 Karga Pioes
5 Karga Travaun 2.00 500 500
6 Temperatura 1.20 7.2
7 Karga anin 1.20 12.85956 37.044 -12.85956 185.0436
8 Karga Seimika
9 Presaun Rai Dinamika
10 Kose
4317.79836 1594.874233 37.044 785.95604 185.0436

KOMBINASAUN III Vertikal Horizontal Momentu

No Aksaun / Kargas Simbolu P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
1 Todan Rasik estrutura 1.30 3103.9788 238.7676
2 Todan Adisional 2.00 152.64 7.632
3 Presaun Rai 1.25 1087.674233
3 Karga Via "D" 2.00 1048.32 52.416
4 Karga Pioes 6.990912
5 Karga Travaun 2.00 500 500
6 Temperatura 1.20
7 Karga anin 1.20 12.85956 37.044 -12.85956 185.0436
8 Karga Seimika
9 Presaun Rai Dinamika
10 Kose 1283.44392 337.7484 0 1283.4439
5601.24228 1925.422633 37.044 2076.3909 185.0436
KOMBINASAUN IV Vertikal Horizontal Momentu
No Aksaun / Kargas Simbolu P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
1 Todan Rasik estrutura 1.30 3103.9788 238.7676
2 Todan Adisional 2.00 152.64 7.632
3 Presaun Rai 1.25 1087.674233
3 Karga Via "D" 2.00 1048.32 52.416
4 Karga Pioes 2.00 139.81824 6.990912
5 Karga Travaun 2.00 500 500
6 Temperatura 1.20 7.2
7 Karga anin 1.20 12.85956 37.044 -12.85956 185.0436
8 Karga Seimika
9 Presaun Rai Dinamika
10 Kose 1.00
4457.6166 1594.874233 37.044 792.94695 185.0436

KOMBINASAUN V Vertikal Horizontal Momentu

No Aksaun / Kargas Simbolu P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
1 Todan Rasik estrutura 1.30 2387.676 0 0 238.7676 1942.89705
2 Todan Adisional 2.00 76.32 0 0 7.632
3 Presaun Rai 1.25
3 Karga Via "D" 2.00
4 Karga Pioes 2.00
5 Karga Travaun 2.00
6 Temperatura 1.20
7 Karga anin 1.20
8 Karga Seimika 0 4367.329649 4367.3296485 1745.7202 1745.720239
9 Presaun Rai Dinamika
10 Kose 1.00
2463.996 4367.329649 4367.3296485 1992.1198 3688.617289

Vertikal Horizontal Momentu

No Kombinasaun Kargas PU (kN) TUx (kN) TUy (kN) MUx (kN) MUy (kN)
1 KOMBINASAUN - 1 3269.47836 1594.874232546 37.044 312.80232 2094.8643
2 KOMBINASAUN - 2 4317.79836 1594.874232546 37.044 785.95604 185.0436
3 KOMBINASAUN - 3 5601.24228 1925.422632546 37.044 2076.390872 185.0436
4 KOMBINASAUN - 4 4457.6166 1594.874232546 37.044 792.946952 185.0436
5 KOMBINASAUN - 5 2463.996 4367.3296485 4367.329649 1992.1198391 3688.6173

1.2. PEMBESIAN BREAST WALL

A. TODAN RASIK BREAST WALL
No Paramentru Todan
b h l γ KN
1 1 0.4 1.3 5.7 24 71.136
2 2 0.4 0.4 5.7 24 21.888
3 3 1.2 2.8 5.7 24 459.648
QDL = 552.672
QDLA = 861.87
1414.542
B. PRESAUN RAI
H1 = 4.1 m
φ' = tan-¹ (Kφ^R * tan φ ) = 0.320020820203
Ka = tan² (45⁰ - φ'/2 ) = 0.552465031732
Ws = 17.2
0.6* Ws = 10.32
By = 9.8
No Forsa Presaun TPR Braco MTA
1 TTA = (0.6*Ws)*H'*Ka*BY 229.0838241 2.05 469.62184
2 TTA = 1/2*H'*Ws*Ka*BY 190.9031868 1.3666666667 260.90102
TTA = 419.9870109 MTA = 730.52286
 A. PRESAUN RAI NEEBE AFETA HUSI SEISMIKA
No Paramentru Todan
b h l γ KN
1 0.4 1.3 5.7 24 71.136
2 0.4 0.4 5.7 24 21.888
3 1.2 2.8 5.7 24 459.648
QDL = 552.672

TEQ = Kh * I * Wt = 0.225 * Wt

NO Todan TEQ Braco MEQ

Momentu
Estrutura Leten
PDL 552.672 124.3512 4.1 509.83992
PSDL 861.87 193.92075 4.1 795.075075
Breast Wall
1 71.136 16.0056 3.45 55.21932
2 21.888 4.9248 3.075 15.14376
3 459.648 103.4208 1.4 144.78912
TEQ = 442.62315 MEQ = 1520.067195

Rekapitulasaun Karga Ba Pilar Vertikal Horizontal Momentu

No Aksaun / Kargas P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
1 Todan Rasik estrutura 1414.542
2 Todan Adisional 861.870
3 Presaun Rai 419.987 730.523
3 Karga Via "D" 524.160
4 Karga Pioes 69.909
5 Karga Travaun 250.000 1025.000
6 Temperatura 6.000 25.200
7 Karga anin 107.163 30.870 154.203
8 Karga Seimika 442.623 442.623 1520.067 1520.067
9 Presaun Rai Dinamika
10 Kose 3747.440 4705.078 309972.925 65.881

KOMBINASAUN I Vertikal Horizontal Momentu

No Aksaun / Kargas Simbolu P (kN) VUx (kN) VUy (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
1 Todan Rasik estrutura 1.30 1838.905
2 Todan Adisional 2.00 1723.740
3 Presaun Rai 1.25 524.984 913.154
3 Karga Via "D" 2.00
4 Karga Pioes 2.00
5 Karga Travaun 2.00 500.000 2050.000
6 Temperatura 1.20 7.200 30.240
7 Karga anin 1.20 128.596 37.044 185.044
8 Karga Seimika
9 Presaun Rai Dinamika
10 Kose
3691.240 1032.184 37.044 2993.394 185.044

KOMBINASAUN II Vertikal Horizontal Momentu

No Aksaun / Kargas Simbolu P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
1 Todan Rasik estrutura 1.30 1838.905
2 Todan Adisional 2.00 1723.740
3 Presaun Rai 1.25 524.984
3 Karga Via "D" 2.00 1048.320
4 Karga Pioes
5 Karga Travaun 2.00 500.000 1025.000
6 Temperatura 1.20 7.200
7 Karga anin 1.20 128.596 37.044 -128.596 185.044
8 Karga Seimika
9 Presaun Rai Dinamika
10 Kose
4739.560 1032.184 37.044 896.404 185.044
KOMBINASAUN III Vertikal Horizontal Momentu
No Aksaun / Kargas Simbolu P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
1 Todan Rasik estrutura 1.30 1838.905
2 Todan Adisional 2.00 1723.740
3 Presaun Rai 1.25 524.984 730.523
3 Karga Via "D" 2.00 1048.320
4 Karga Pioes
5 Karga Travaun 2.00 500.000 1025.000
6 Temperatura 1.20
7 Karga anin 1.20 128.596 37.044 128.596 185.044
8 Karga Seimika
9 Presaun Rai Dinamika
10 Kose
4739.560 1024.984 37.044 1884.118 185.044

KOMBINASAUN IV Vertikal Horizontal Momentu

No Aksaun / Kargas Simbolu P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
1 Todan Rasik estrutura 1.30 1838.905 0.000
2 Todan Adisional 2.00 1723.740 0.000
3 Presaun Rai 1.25 524.984
3 Karga Via "D" 2.00 1048.320 0.000
4 Karga Pioes 2.00 139.818 0.000
5 Karga Travaun 2.00 500.000 1025.000
6 Temperatura 1.20 7.200
7 Karga anin 1.20 128.596 37.044 128.596 185.044
8 Karga Seimika
9 Presaun Rai Dinamika
10 Kose
4879.378 1032.184 37.044 1153.596 185.044

KOMBINASAUN V Vertikal Horizontal Momentu

No Aksaun / Kargas Simbolu P (kN) Tx (kN) Ty (kN) Mx (kN) My (kN)
1 Todan Rasik estrutura 1.30 1414.542
2 Todan Adisional 2.00 861.870
3 Presaun Rai 1.25 524.984 1141.442
3 Karga Via "D" 2.00 1048.320
4 Karga Pioes 2.00 139.818
5 Karga Travaun 2.00 500.000 2050.000
6 Temperatura 1.20 8.640 30.240
7 Karga anin 1.20 128.596 44.453 222.052
8 Karga Seimika
9 Presaun Rai Dinamika
10 Kose
3593.146 1033.624 44.453 3221.682 222.052

Vertikal Horizontal Momentu

No Kombinasaun Kargas PU (kN) TUx (kN) TUy (kN) MUx (kN) MUy (kN)
1 KOMBINASAUN - 1 3691.240 1032.184 37.044 2993.394 185.044
2 KOMBINASAUN - 2 4739.560 1032.184 37.044 896.404 185.044
3 KOMBINASAUN - 3 4739.560 1024.984 37.044 1884.118 185.044
4 KOMBINASAUN - 4 4879.378 1032.184 37.044 1153.596 185.044
5 KOMBINASAUN - 5 3593.146 1033.624 44.453 3221.682 222.052

1.2. PEMBESIAN BREAST WALL

Mutu Beton : K- 250

Kuat tekan beton, fc'= 20.75
Tegangan leleh baja, f y = 320
Dimensi Column Pier, Be = 6.00
b4 = 1.2

Ditinjau Column Pier selebar 1 m :

Lebar Column Pier, b= 1000 mm
Tebal Column Pier, h= 1200 mm

Luas penampang Column Pier yang ditinjau, Ag =b*h= 1200000 mm2

P u = gaya aksial ultimit pada column pier (kN)
M u = momen ultimit pada column pier (kNm)
Pu untuk Be Pu untunk lebar 1 m
No Kombinasaun Kargas PU (kN) MUx (kN) PU Mu e α β
1 KOMBINASAUN - 1 3691.240 2993.394 615.207 498.899 0.811 0.118 0.029
2 KOMBINASAUN - 2 4739.560 896.404 789.927 149.401 0.189 0.035 0.009
3 KOMBINASAUN - 3 4739.560 1884.118 789.927 314.020 0.398 0.074 0.019
4 KOMBINASAUN - 4 4879.378 1153.596 813.230 192.266 0.236 0.045 0.011
5 KOMBINASAUN - 5 3593.146 3221.682 598.858 536.947 0.897 0.127 0.032

Jarak tulangan terhadap sisi luar beton, d' = 100 mm

h' = h -2*d' = 1000
h'/h = 0.833 mm
d'/h = 0.083
Nilai α = φ.P n / (f c '.A g ) dan β = φ.M n / ( f c '.A g .h ) diplot ke dalam diagram interaksi diperoleh,
Rasio tulangan yang diperlukan, ρ= 1.40%
Luas tulangan yang diperlukan : As = ρ * b * h = 16800 mm²
D= 25 mm
n= 35

Tulangan tekan dibuat sama dengan tulangan tarik :

A s (tekan) = A s (tarik) = 1/2* A s = 8400 mm²
18 25 mm
Jarak tulangan yang diperlukan, S = π/4*D²*b/(1/2*As) = 60 mm

Digunakan Jumblah Lapis D. Tull Jarak Luas Tull

Tekan 2 25 100 9817.5
Tarik 2 25 100 9817.5
Rasio tulangan total ρ= 1.64% Area sek besi 19635

1.3. ANALISIS DINDING PIER DENGAN DIAGRAM INTERAKSI

Untuk mengontrol apakah tulangan Dinding Pier yg ditetapkan dengan Diagram Interaksi (tak
berdimensi) untuk Uniaxial Bending tersebut telah mencukupi, perlu dilakukan analisis kekuatan
Column Pierl dengan Diagram Interaksi P-M untuk berbagai macam kombinasi pembebanan.
Input data, persamaan yang digunakan untuk analisis, dan hasil analisis Column Pier disajikan
sebagai berikut.

NALISIS DINDING BETON BERTULANG DENGAN DIAGRAM INTERAKSI

DATA DINDING BETON BERTULANG

Mutu Beton, k- 250
Mutu Baja Tulangan, U- 39
Kuat tekan beton, fc' = 20.75 mPa
Tegangan leleh baja, fy = 390 mPa
Modulus elastik baja, Es = 2.0E+05 mPa
Faktor distribusi teg. β1 = 0.85
Ditinjau dinding selebar, b= 1000 mm
Tebal dinding h= 1200 mm
Jarak tul. [Link] beton d' = 100 mm
Baja tulangan tarik ( A s ) :

Baja tulangan tarik ( A s ) :

2 Lapis D= 32 Jarak 100
Baja tulangan tekan ( A s ' ) :
2 Lapis D= 32 Jarak 100
Luas tulangan tarik, A s = 1608 mm²
Luas tulangan tekan, A s ' = 1608 mm²
Rasio tulangan tarik dan tekan,
ρ= 2%

Faktor reduksi kekuatan ( Ф ) untuk :

Tekan - Lentur Ф = 0.65
Lentur Ф = 0.8

PERSAMAAN YANG DIGUNAKAN UNTUK PERHITUNGAN DIAGRAM INTERAKSI

1.4. TULANGAN GESER BREAST WALL

Perhitungan tulangan geser untuk Column Pier didasarkan pada gaya geser terbesar antara
gaya lateral dan momen ultimit untuk kombinasi beban yang menentukan dalam perhitungan
tulangan aksial tekan dan lentur.

Gaya aksial ultimit rencana, Pu = 598857.64 N

Momen ultimit rencana, Mu = 5.37E+08 N
Mutu Beton, k- 250
Mutu Baja Tulangan, U- 39
Kuat tekan beton, fc' = 20.75 mPa
Tegangan leleh baja, fy = 390 mPa
Modulus elastik baja, Es = 2.0E+05 mPa
Ditinjau dinding selebar, b= 1000 mm
Faktor distribusi kek. Geser ø= 0.6
Tinggi dinding pier L = Lc = 2800.00 mm
Tebal dinding Pier h= 1200 mm
Luas tulangan longitudinal Column Pier, As = 43680 mm²
Jarak tul. [Link] beton d' = 100 mm
Gaya geser ultimit akibat momen, Vu = Mu / L = 191766.78399 N
Gaya geser ultimit akibat gaya lateral, Vu = Tux*10³/Be = 172270.62728 N
Diambil, gaya geser ultimit rencana, Vu = 172270.62728 N
d = h - d' = 1100 mm
Vcmax = 0.2 * fc' * b * d = 4565000 N
φ * V cmax = 2739000 N
β 1 = 1.4 - d / 2000 = 0.85
β 2 = 1 + P u / (14 * f c ' * b * h) = 1.0017178934
β3 = 1
Vuc = β1*β2*β3*b*d*[ As* fc'/(b*d)]^1/3 = 302639.00995 N
Vc = Vuc + 0.6 * b * d = 962639.00995 N
Vc = 0.3*(√f c')* b*d*√ [1+ 0.3*Pu /(b*d)] = 1801065.6972 N
DiambilVc 962639.009954667 Maka, ø * Vc = 577583.40597
φ * V c > Vu (hanya perlu tul. Geser min.) OK

Gaya geser sepenuhnya dipikul oleh tulangan geser :

Vs = Vu / φ = 319611.30665 N
D= 16 Jarak arah y, Sy = 350 mm 172511539.2
Luas tulangan geser, Asv = π/4*D²*(b/Sx) = 574.464 mm² 402.1248
Jarak tul. geser yang diperlukan, Sx = Asv * fy * d / Vs = 771.07740207 S = 539.7541814
Untuk tulangan geser digunakan besi tulangan :
D= 16 Jarak arah x, Sx = 772.00 mm
Jarak arah y, Sy = 772.00 mm
6.1. Data Pondasi Tiang Bor
6.1.1. Material
Kuat tekan beton fc'= 35.00 Mpa
Tegangan Leleh Baja Fy= 420 Mpa
Modulus Elastisitas Beton Ec= 27805.5749806 Mpa
Modulus Elastisitas Baja Ecsteel= 200000 Mpa
Berat Beton betulang Wc= 25 kN/m3
Berat Volume tanah Ws= 22 kN/m3
Sudut Gesek dalam ϕ= 37.02 º
Kohesi tanah C= 22.52 Kpa
6.1.2. Dimensi Pile Cap
Lebar arah x Bx= 4.00 m
Lebar arah y By= 8.00 m
Tebal Pilar h= 1.40 m
Tebal Footplate hp= 1.50 m
Tebal ht= 1.80 m
Lx= 1.30 m
Ly= 1.85 m
6.1.3. Dimensi Tiang Bor (Bore Pile)
Diameter tiang bor D= 0.8 m
Panjang L= 12 m
Jarak pusat Tiang Bor terluar terhadap sisi luar Pile Cap a= 1 m
Data Susunan Tiang Bor (Bore Pile)
Jumlah baris tiang bor ny= 2 buah
Jumlah tiang bor dalam satu baris nx= 4 buah
Jarak antara tiang bor arah x X= 2 m
Jarak antara tiang bor arah y y= 2 m

6.2. . Daya Dukung Aksial Ijin Tiang Bor

6.2.1. Berdasarkan Kekuatan bahan

Kuat tekan beton fc'= 35 Mpa
Tegangan Ijin beton fc=0.3*fc'*1000 10500 kN/m2
Luas Tampang tiang bor A=p/4*D² 0.50265482457 m2
Panjang tiang bor L= 12 m
Berat tiang W=A*L*wc 150.80 kN
Daya Dukung Ijin Tiang Bor Pijin=A*fc-W 5127.07921066 kN

2.2 Berdasarkan Kekuatan Tanah

2.2.1. Menurut Terzaghi dan Thomlinson (Pengujian Lab)

qult =1.3*C*Nc+γ*Df*Nq +0.6*γ*R*Ny
Kedalaman Tiang Bor Df=L 12 m
Jari-jari penampang tiang bor R=D/2 0.4 m
Parameter kekuatan tanah di ujung tiang bor (end bearing):
Berat Volume tanah γs=Ws 22 kN/m3
Sudut Gesek dalam ϕ= 37.02 º
Kohesi tanah C= 22.52 Kpa
Faktor daya dukung Menurut Thomlinson :
Nc =(228+4.3*ϕ)/(40-ϕ) 129.928187919
Nq = (40+5*ϕ)/(40-ϕ) 75.5369127517
Ny=(6*ϕ)/(40-ϕ) 74.5369127517
qult= 24139.0774953 kN/m2
Luang Penampang tiang bor A= 0.50265482457 m2
Angka Keamanan SF= 3
Daya Dukung Ijin Tiang Bor Pijin=A*qult/SF 4044.5412546 kN

2.2.2. Menurut Meyerhoff (Data Pengujian SPT)

qult = 40*N' ( dalam Ton/m2) dengan, N' = Nilai SPT terkoreksi,

Nilai SPT hasil Pengujian, N= 50 pukulan/30cm
Nilai SPT terkoreksi, N'=15+0.5*(N -15) 32.5 pukulan/30cm
qult = 40*N' 1300 ton/m2
qult = 13000 kN/m2
Luas Penampang tiang bor A= 0.50265482457 m2
Angka Keamanan SF= 3
Daya Dukung Ijin Tiang Bor Pijin=A*qult/SF 2178.17090649 kN

2.2.3. Menurut Bagament (Pengujian CPT)

Daya Dukung Ijin Tiang Bor Pijin = A*qc/3+K*L*qf/5

Nilai konus rata-rata qc= 200 kg/cm2
qc= 20000 kN/m2
Nilai hambatan lekat rata-rata qf= 0.18 kg/cm2
qf= 18 kN/m2
Luas Penampang tiang bor A= 0.50265482457 m2
Diameter tiang bor D= 0.8 m
Keliling penampang tiang bor K=π*D 2.51327412287 m
Panjang tiang bor L= 12 m
Pijin= 3459.60560594 kN
2.2.4 Rekap daya dukung aksial tiang bor

No Uraian daya dukung aksial tiang bor P (kN)

1 Berdasarkan kekuatan bahan 5127.08
2 Pengujian Lab hasil Boring ( Terzaghi dan Thomlinson) 4044.54
 3 Pengujian SPT (Meyerhoff) 2178.17
4 Pengujian CPT (Bagement) 3459.61
Daya dukung aksial terkecil P= 2178.17

Pijin = 2178.17 kN
Jumlah baris tiang bor ny= 2 buah
Jumlah tiang bor dalam satu baris nx= 4 buah
Jarak antara tiang bor arah x X= 2 m
Jarak antara tiang bor arah y y= 2 m
Jarak antara tiang bor terkecil s= 2 m
Diameter tiang bor D= 0.8 m
Efisiensi kelompok tiang bor (Menurut BDM)
Ef=0.2+(2*(ny+nx-2)*S+4*D)/(π*D*ny*nx) 1.15492965855
Pijin=P*Ef 2515.6341813 kN
Diambil daya dukung aksial ijin tiang bor : Pijin= 2500 kN

3. Daya dukung Lateral Ijin tiang bor

Kedalaman Ujung tiang La=hp= 1.50 m

Sudut Gesek dalam ϕ= 37.02 º
Panjang tiang bor L= 12 m
Panjang Jepitang tiang bor, Ld=1/3*L 4 m
Lebar arah y By= 8 m
Berat Volume tanah ws= 22 kN/m3
Koefisien tekanan pasif :
Kp=tan²(45º+ϕ/2) 4.02630975177

Bag Kedalaman H H*Ws*Kp Bagian P

Ok La+Ld= 5.50 487.18 0 0
FJ La+3/4*Ld= 4.50 398.60 FN=1/4FJ 99.65116636
EI La+1/2*Ld= 3.50 310.03 EM=1/2EI 155.0129254
DH La + 1/4*Ld= 2.50 221.45 DL=3/4*DH 166.0852773
CG La= 1.50 132.87 CG 132.8682218

Kode P1 P2 Panjang bagian F Lengan M

kN/m2 kN/m2 Notasi m kN thp O (m) kN.m
F1 0.00 99.65 La= 1.50 598 4.50 2691
F2 99.65 155.01 Ld/4= 1.00 1019 3.50 3565
F3 155.01 166.09 Ld/4= 1.00 1284 2.50 3211
F4 166.09 132.87 Ld/4= 1.00 1196 1.50 1794
F5 132.87 0.00 Ld/4= 1.00 531 0.67 354
F= 4628 M= 11615
L2=M/F 2.51 m
Jumlah momen terhadap titik S : ΣMs = 0 maka : F*(2L2) = H*(L2+Ld+La)
Gaya Lateral, H=F*(2*L2)/(L2+Ld+La) 2900.26 kN
Jumlah baris tiang bor ny= 2 buah
Jumlah tiang bor dalam satu baris nx= 4 buah
Gaya lateral satu tiang bor, h=H/(nx*ny) 362.53 kN
Angka Keamanan Fs= 1.2
Daya dukung ijin lateral tiang bor, hijin=h/SF 302.11 kN

Diambil daya dukung lateral ijin tiang bor, hijin= 300 kN

3.1. Momen pada tiang bor akibat gaya lateral

3.1.1. Perhitungan dengan cara bending moment diagram

hi =Jarak gaya lateral H terhadap gaya Fi yang di tinjau

yi =Jarak gaya Fi terhadap titik yang di tinjau
Momen akibat gaya lateral H, Mhi = H*hi
Besarnya momen di suatu titik, Mi = Mhi - Σ(Fi*yi)

Fi*yi (kN.m) Diagram

Kode hi Mhi F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 Mi
m kN.m 598 1019 1284 1196 531 kN.m
M1 1.00 2900 0 0 0 0 0 2900
M2 2.00 5801 598 0 0 0 0 5203
M3 3.00 8701 1196 1019 0 0 0 6486
M4 4.00 11601 1794 2037 1284 0 0 6486
 M5 5.00 14501 2392 3056 2569 1196 0 5289
10.00 29003 5381 8149 8991 7175 2657 -3351
11.00 31903 5979 9168 10275 8371 3189 -5079
12.00 34803 6577 10187 11560 9567 3720 -6807
M= 6486 kN.m
23916 33616 34679 26308 ny= 2 bh
nx= 4 bh
SF= 3
momen maksimun yang dijinkan untuk satu tian bor
Mmax= M/(SF *nx*ny) 270.26 kN.m

3.1.2 perhitugan denga rumus empires

Beban maksimun pada bore pile Pmax =Pijin 2500 kN

Kedalaman bor pile Z=L+La 13500 mm
Diameter bor pile D= 800 mm
Mutu beton k-300 kuat tekan beton Ec=4700*√fc' 27805.5749806 Mpa
Modulus elastik beton Ic=π/64* D^4 20106192983 mm4
Inersia penampang tian bor kl= 550 Mpa
K= kl* Z / D 9281.25 Mpa
Untuk tanah berpasir maka nilai λ=40 √( D*K/(4*E0.00230487491
Eksentrisitas e=0.322/λ 139.703893664 mm
e= 0.13970389366 m
Momen maksimun pada tiang bor Mmax=Pmax* e 349.26 kN.m

3.1.3. MOMEN MAKSIMUM YANG DIIJINKAN PADA TIANG BOR

Dari hasil perhitungan momen maksimum pada tiang bor akibat beban lateral yang dilakukan dengan cara
Bending Momen dan Rumus Empiris dipilih nilai yang terbesar, maka diambil :
Momen maksimum yang diijinkan pada tiang bor, Mmax = 349.26 kN.m

4. GAYA YANG DITERIMA TIANG BOR

4.1. GAYA AKSIAL PADA TIANG BOR

Jumlah bor-pile : n 8 buah

Xmax 1 ymax= 3
No x n x² y n y²
1 1 4 4 3 2 18
2 -1 4 4 1 2 2
3 -1 2 2
4 -3 2 18
Σx² 8 Σy² 40

4.1.1. TINJAUAN TERHADAP KOMBINASI BEBAN KERJA ARAH X

Gaya aksial maksimum dan minimum yang diderita satu tiang bor :

Pmax= P / n + Mx * Xmax / ΣX 2
Pmin = P / n - Mx * Xmax / ΣX 2
P Mx P/n Mx*X/Σx² Pmax Pmin
Kombinasi Beban kerja
No (kN) (kN.m) (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN)
1 KOMBINASI - 1 5613.52 4141.90 701.69 517.74 1219.43 183.95
2 KOMBINASI - 2 5653.84 4196.85 706.73 524.61 1231.34 182.12
3 KOMBINASI - 3 5653.84 54.95 706.73 6.87 713.60 699.86
4 KOMBINASI - 4 5653.84 4196.85 706.73 524.61 1231.34 182.12
5 KOMBINASI - 5 4353.59 11505.79 544.20 1438.22 1982.42 -894.02
5653.84
4.1.1. TINJAUAN TERHADAP KOMBINASI BEBAN KERJA ARAH Y
Gaya aksial maksimum dan minimum yang diderita satu tiang bor :
Pmax= P / n + Mx * Xmax / ΣX 2
Pmin = P / n - Mx * Xmax / ΣX 2
P My P/n My*Y/ΣY² Pmax Pmin
No Kombinasi Beban kerja
(kN) (kN.m) (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN)
1 KOMBINASI - 1 5613.52 0.00 701.69 0.00 701.69 701.69
2 KOMBINASI - 2 5653.84 604.09 706.73 45.31 752.04 661.42
3 KOMBINASI - 3 5653.84 604.09 706.73 45.31 752.04 661.42
4 KOMBINASI - 4 5653.84 604.09 706.73 45.31 752.04 661.42
5 KOMBINASI - 5 4353.59 11354.66 544.20 851.60 1395.80 -307.40

4.2 GAYA LATERAL PADA TIANG BOR PILE

Gaya lateral yang diderita tiang bor: h= T/n

Tx Ty hx hy hmax
No KOMBINASI BEBAN KERJA (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN)
1 KOMBINASI -1 250.00 0.00 31.25 0.00 31.25
2 KOMBINASI -2 515.60 90.45 64.45 11.31 64.45
3 KOMBINASI -3 15.60 90.45 1.95 11.31 11.31
4 KOMBINASI -4 515.60 90.45 64.45 11.31 64.45
5 KOMBINASI -5 2857.29 2857.29 357.16 357.16 357.16

5. KONTROL GAYA DUKUN IJIN TIANG BOR

5.1 DAYA DUKUN IJIN AKSIAL( KOMBINASI BEBAN ARAH X)
 Pmax P ijin Keterangan
Persen P ijin kontrol terhadap daya dukun ijin
No KOMBINASI BEBAN KERJA (KN) (kN)
1 KOMBINASI -1 100% 701.69 <100% * hijin 2500 SAFE
2 KOMBINASI -2 125% 752.04 <125% * hijin 3125 SAFE
3 KOMBINASI -3 140% 752.04 <140% * hijin 3500 SAFE
4 KOMBINASI -4 150% 752.04 <150% * hijin 3750 SAFE
5 KOMBINASI -5 160% 1395.80 <160% * hijin 4000 SAFE

5.2 DAYA DUKUN IJIN AKSIAL( KOMBINASI BEBAN ARAH Y)

Pmax P ijin Keterangan

persen Pijin kontrol terhadap daya dukun ijin
KOMBINASI BEBAN KERJA (KN) (kN)
1 KOMBINASI -1 100% 701.69 <100% * hijin 2500 SAFE
2 KOMBINASI -2 125% 752.04 <125% * hijin 3125 SAFE
3 KOMBINASI -3 140% 752.04 <140% * hijin 3500 SAFE
4 KOMBINASI -4 150% 752.04 <150% * hijin 3750 SAFE
5 KOMBINASI -5 160% 1395.80 <160% * hijin 4000 SAFE

5.3 DAYA DUKUN IJIN LATERAL

Hmax hijin
persen Pijin kontrol terhadap daya dukun ijin Keterangan
KOMBINASI BEBAN KERJA (KN) (kN)
KOMBINASI -1 100% 31.25 <100% * hijin 300 SAFE
KOMBINASI -2 125% 64.45 <125% * hijin 375 SAFE
KOMBINASI -3 140% 11.31 <140% * hijin 420 SAFE
KOMBINASI -4 150% 64.45 <150% * hijin 450 SAFE
KOMBINASI -5 160% 357.16 <160% * hijin 480 SAFE

6 PEMBESIAN BORE PILE

6.1 TULANGAN LONGITUDINAL TEKAN LENTUR

Gaya aksial maksimun pada tiang bor Pmax =Pijin 2500 kN

Momen maksimun pada tiang bor Mmax= 349.26 kN.m
Faktor beban ultimit K= 1.5
Gaya aksial ultimit ϕ*Pn = Pu = k* Pmax 3750 kN
ϕ*Pn = 3750000 N
Momen ultimit ϕ*Mn = Mu = k* Mmax 523.889601239 kN.m
ϕ*Mn= 523889601.239 [Link]
luas penampang bore pile Ag=π /4* D² 0.50265482457 m2
Ag= 502654.824574 mm2
fc'= 35 Mpa
ϕ*Pn /( fc' * Ag) = 0.21315394164
ϕ*Mn /( fc'* Ag * D²)= 0.0372230445
Plot nilai ϕ*Pn /( fc'* Ag ) dan ϕ * Mn/( fc' * Ag* D) ke dalan Diagram interaksi Kolo linkaran,diporboleh: Rasio tulangan ρ= 0.65
ρ 0.65%
Luas tulngajn yang diperlukan As= ρ* Ag= 3267.25635973 mm2
Diameter Besi tulangan yang di gunanakan D= 19 mm
Asi= jumblah tulangan yang diperlukan Asi= 283.528736986 mm2
Digunakan tulangan n= 12
12 D 19

6.2 TULANGAN GESER

Perhitungan geser Bor pile didasarkan atas momen dan gaya aksial untuk kombinasi beban yang menentukan dalan perhitungan tulangan aksial tekan dan lentur

panjan bor pile L= 12000 mm

Diameter bor pile D= 800 mm
Luas tulangan Longitudinal Bor pile As= 3267.25635973 mm2
Kuat tekan beton fc'= 35 Mpa
Tegagan leleh baja fy= 420 Mpa
gaya aksial ultimit Pu= 3750 kN
Pu= 3750000 N
Momen ultimit Mu= 523.89 kN.m
Mu= 523889601.24 [Link]
Gaya lateral ultimit hijin= 300 kN
hijin= 300000 N
Faktor reduksi kekuatan geser ϕ= 0.6
Gaya geser ultimit akibat momen Vu=Mu/L 43657.4667699 N
K= 1.5
Gaya geser ultimit akibat gaya lateral Vu=K* hijin 450000 N
Diambil, gaya geser ultimit rencana Vu= 450000 N
jarak tul,thd, sisi luar beton, d'= 100 mm
luas penampang tiang bor Ag=π/4*D² 502655 mm2
Tebal ekivalen penampang h=√Ag 709 mm
lebar ekivalen penampang b=h 709 mm
Tebal efektif d=h-d' 609 mm
Vc=[1+Pu/(14 Ag)] * [( √ fc')/6*b*d]= 3.5006867E-06 N
Vs=Vu / ϕ= 750000 N
Untuk tulangan geser digunakan senkang berpenampang 2 D 12
Luas tulangan geser( sengkang) Asv=n * π/4* D²= 226.19 mm2
Jarak tulangan yang diperlukan S=Asv * Fy * d / Vs= 77.1390923536 mm
Digunankan senkang S= 70 mm
2 D 12 - 70
 7 TINJAUAN PILE CAP ARAH X
7.1 MOMEN DAN GAYA GESER PADA PILECAP

7.1.1 . MOMEN DAN GAYA GESER AKIBAT REAKSI TIANG

X1= 1m ΣX²= 8 m2 ny= 2 bar

X2= -1 m n= 8 bar h= 1.40 m

Gaya aksial ultimit yang diderita satu tiang bor :

Pi = Pu / n + Mux * Xi / ΣX 2
Pu Mux P1 P2
KOMBINASI BEBAN KERJA (kN) (kNm) kN kN
KOMBINASI -1 5613.52 4141.90 2806.76 2806.76
KOMBINASI -2 5653.84 4196.85 2826.92 2826.92
KOMBINASI -3 5653.84 54.95 2826.92 2826.92
KOMBINASI -4 5653.84 4196.85 2826.92 2826.92
KOMBINASI -5 4353.59 11505.79 2176.80 2176.80
total 5653.84 11505.79 2826.92 2826.92

Momen ultimit Pilecap akibat reaksi tiang, Mup= Σ[ny * Pi * ( Xi-h/2)]

Gaya geser ultimit Pilecap akibat reaksi tiang Vup= Σ[ny * Pi]

Xi Xi-h/2 Pi ny * Pi Mupi
No
( m) ( m) ( kN) ( kN) (kN.m)
1 1 0.3 534.2362002 1068.47 320.54
2 -1 -1.7
1068.47 320.54

7.1.2. MOMEN DAN GAYA GESER AKIBAT BERAT SENDIRI

Gaya geser dan momen akibat berat sendiri Pilecap

PARAMETER BERAT BAGIAN BETON VOLUME BERAT LENGAN MOMEN

Kode
b h Panjang Shape (m3) (kN) Xw(m) (kNm)
W1 1.30 1 8.00 1 10.4 260.0 0.65 169
Vs= 260.0 Ms= 169
Faktor beban ultimit k= 1.3
Momen ultimit akibat berat pile cap Mus= K * Ms= 219.7 kN.m
Gaya geser ultimit akibat berat pile cap Vus= K * Vs= 338 kN

7.1.3 MOMEN DAN GAYA GESER ULTIMIT RENCANA PILE CAP

Momen ultimit rencana Pile Cap, Mur = Mup - Mus = 100.84 kN.m
untuk lebar pile-cap (By ) (By )= 8.00 m
Momen ultimit rencana per meter lebar, Mu = Mur / By = 12.61 kN.m
Gaya geser rencana Pile Cap, Vur = Vup - Vus = 1068.47240031 kN
untuk lebar pile-cap (By )= 8.00 m
Gaya geser ultimit rencana per meter lebar, Vu = Vur / By = 133.559050039 kN

7.1.4. TULANGAN LENTUR PILE CAP ARAH X

Momen rencana ultimit, Mu = Mu= 12.61 kN.m
Mu= 12605215.01 [Link]
Mutu beton, fc ' = fc'= 35.00 Mpa
Mutu baja, U - 39 Tegangan leleh baja, fy = fy= 420.00 Mpa
Tebal pile cap, h = ht = h = ht = 1.80 m
ht= 1800.00 mm
Jarak tulangan terhadap sisi luar beton, d'= 150 mm
Modulus elastis baja, Ecsteel= 200000 Mpa
Faktor bentuk distribusi tegangan beton, β1= 0.85
ρb = β1 * 0.85 * fc ’/ fy * 600 / ( 600 + fy ) = 0.0354
Rmax = 0.75 * ρb * fy *[1 – ½*0.75* ρb * fy / ( 0.85 * fc ’ )] = 9.0645
aktor reduksi kekuatan lentur, φ= 0.8
Tebal efektif pile cap, d = h - d' = 1650.00 mm
Lebar pile cap yang ditinjau, b= 1000 mm
Momen nominal rencana, Mn = Mu / φ = 12605215.012 [Link]
Faktor tahanan momen, Rn = Mn / ( b * d²) = 0.0046300147

Rn 0.0046300147 < Rmax 9.0645 Ok

Rasio tulangan yang diperlukan : ρ = 0.85 * fc ’ / fy *[ 1 - √ * [1 – 2 * Rn / ( 0.85 * fc ’ ) ]= 1.1024702E-05

Rasio tulangan minimum, ρ min = 1.4 / fy = 0.00333333333
Rasio tulangan yang digunakan, ρ = 0.00333333333
Luas tulangan yang diperlukan, As = ρ ∗ b * d = 5500 mm2
Diameter tulangan yang digunakan, D= 25 mm
Jarak tulangan yang diperlukan, s = π / 4 * D2 * b / As = 89.2497912952 mm
S= 60 mm
Digunakan tulangan, D 25 - 60
As = π / 4 * D2 * 8181.23 mm2
Untuk tulangan susut diambil 50% tulangan pokok.
As'= 50% * As 4090.61543436 mm2
 Diameter tulangan yang digunakan, D= 19 mm
Jarak tulangan yang diperlukan, s = π / 4 * D2 * b / As = 69.312 mm
S= 40 mm
D 19 - 40
2.1. TULANGAN GESER
Gaya geser ultimit, Vu = 133.559050039 kN
Vu = 133559.050039 N
Faktor reduksi kekuatan geser, φ= 0.6
Kapasitas geser ultimit, Vucmax = 0.5 * φ * (√ fc ') * b * d = 2928459.49263 N
Vu 133559.05 < Vucmax 2928459.49263 Aman terhadap Geser

Vc = 1/6*(√ fc ') * b * d = 1626921.94035 N

Gaya geser yang ditahan oleh beton, φ.Vc = 976153.164211 N
Vu 133559.05 < φ.Vc 976153.164211 Tidak Perlu tul geser

2.2. KONTROL TERHADAP GESER PONS

Mutu beton, fc ' = fc'= 35.00 Mpa
Kuat geser pons yang disyaratkan, fv = 0.3 * √ fc '= 1.77482393493 Mpa
Faktor reduksi kekuatan geser, φ= 0.6
Jarak antara tiang bor arah x, X= 2000 mm
Jarak antara tiang bor arah y, Y= 2000 mm
Jarak tiang bor terhadap tepi a= 1000 mm
r = X/2 = 1000 mm
r = Y/2 = 1000 mm
r= 1000 mm
hp = 1500 mm
ht = 1800 mm
Lt =Lx= 1300 mm
Tebal bidang kristis geser pons, h = hp = 1500 mm
d'= 150 mm
Tebal efektif bidang kritis geser pons, d = h - d' = 1350 mm
Panjang total bidang kritis, Lv = 2*(r + a) + π / 2 * r = 5570.79632679 mm
Luas bidang kritis geser pons, Av = Lv * h = 8356194.49019 mm2
Gaya geser pons nominal, Pn = Av * fv = 14830773.9861 N
Kapasitas geser pons φ * Pn = 8898464.39167 N
Reaksi ultimit satu tiang bor, P1 = 2826.92 kN
P1 = 2826919.89
P1 2826919.89 < φ * Pn 8898464.39167 SAFE

8. TINJAUAN PILE CAP ARAH Y

8.1. MOMEN DAN GAYA GESER PADA PILECAP
B= 3.50 m
h'= 0.40 m
Bep = B+2h' 4.3 m
Ly = [ By - Bep ] / 2 = 1.85 m
8.1.1. MOMEN DAN GAYA GESER AKIBAT REAKSI TIANG
Y1 3m ΣY² = 40 m2 nx = 4 bh
Y2 1m n= 8 bh Bep = 4.3 m
Y3 -1 m
Y4 -3 m
Gaya aksial ultimit yang diderita satu tiang bor :
Pi = Pu / n + Muy * Yi / ΣY 2
Pu Muy P1 P2 P3 P4
KOMBINASI BEBAN KERJA (kN) (kNm) (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN)
KOMBINASI -1 5613.52 0.00 1403.38 1403.38 1403.38 1403.38
KOMBINASI -2 5653.84 604.09 1413.46 1413.46 1413.46 1413.46
KOMBINASI -3 5653.84 604.09 1413.46 1413.46 1413.46 1413.46
KOMBINASI -4 5653.84 604.09 1413.46 1413.46 1413.46 1413.46
KOMBINASI -5 4353.59 11354.66 1088.40 1088.40 1088.40 1088.40
1413.46 1413.46 1413.46 1413.46

Momen ultimit Pile cap akibat reaksi tiang, Mup = Σ [nx *Pi * (Xi - Bep/2)]
Gaya geser ultimit Pile cap akibat reaksi tiang, Vup = Σ [nx *Pi ]
Yi Yi - Bep/2 Pi nx * Pi Mupi
No (m) (m) (kN) (kN) (kNm)
1 3 0.85 508.0417201 2032.1668804 1727.341848
2 1 -1.15
3 -1 -3.15
4 -3 -5.15
2032.1668804 1727.341848

8.1.2. MOMEN DAN GAYA GESER AKIBAT BERAT SENDIRI

Gaya geser dan momen akibat berat sendiri Pilecap
PARAMETER BERAT BAGIAN BETON VOLUME BERAT LENGAN MOMEN
Kode
b h panjang Shape (m3) (kN) Xw(m) (kNm)
W1 1.85 1.50 4.00 1 11.1 277.5 0.925 256.688

Vs= 277.5 Ms= 256.688

Faktor beban ultimit, K= 1.3
Momen ultimit akibat berat pile cap, Mus = K * Ms = 333.69375 kN.m
Gaya geser ultimit akibat berat pile cap, Vus = K * Vs = 360.75 kN

8.1.3. MOMEN DAN GAYA GESER ULTIMIT RENCANA PILE CAP

 Momen ultimit rencana Pile Cap, Mur = Mup - Mus = 1393.64809832 kN.m
untuk lebar pile-cap Bx = 4.00 m
Momen ultimit rencana per meter lebar, Mu = Mur / Bx = 348.412024579 kN.m
Gaya geser rencana Pile Cap, Vur = Vup - Vus 1671.41688037 kN
untuk lebar pile-cap Bx = 4.00 m
Gaya geser ultimit rencana per meter lebar, Vu = Vur / Bx = 417.854220093 kN

8.1.4. TULANGAN LENTUR PILE CAP ARAH Y

Momen rencana ultimit, Mu = 348.412024579 kN.m
Mu = 348412024.579 [Link]
Mutu beton, Kuat tekan beton, fc ' = 35.00 Mpa
Mutu baja, Tegangan leleh baja fy = 420 Mpa
Tebal pile cap, h = ht = 1800 mm

Jarak tulangan terhadap sisi luar beton, d' = 150 mm

Modulus elastis baja, Es = 200000 Mpa
Faktor bentuk distribusi tegangan beton, β1 = 0.85
ρb = β1 * 0.85 * fc ’/ fy * 600 / ( 600 + fy ) = 0.0354
Rmax = 0.75 * ρb * fy *[1 – ½*0.75* ρb * fy / ( 0.85 * fc ’ )] = 9.0645
Faktor reduksi kekuatan lentur, φ= 0.8000
Faktor reduksi kekuatan geser, φ= 0.6000
Tebal efektif pile cap, d = h - d' = 1650 mm
Lebar pile cap yang ditinjau, b= 1000 mm
Momen nominal rencana Mn = Mu / φ = 348412024.579 [Link]
Faktor tahanan momen, Rn = Mn / ( b * d² ) = 0.12797503198
Rn 0.127975032 < Rmax 9.0645 Ok

Rasio tulangan yang diperlukan :

ρ = 0.85 * fc ’ / fy *[ 1 - √ * [1 – 2 * Rn / ( 0.85 * fc ’ ) ] = 2.5396424E-05
Rasio tulangan minimum, ρ min = 25%*1.4 / fy = 0.00333333333
Rasio tulangan yang digunakan, ρ = 0.00333333333
Luas tulangan yang diperlukan, As = ρ ∗ b * d = 5500 mm2
Diameter tulangan yang digunakan, D= 25 mm2
Jarak tulangan yang diperlukan, s = π / 4 * D2 * b / As = 89.2497912952 mm
Digunakan tulangan, S= 60 mm
Digunakan tulangan, D 25 - 60
As = π / 4 * D2 * 8181.23 mm2
Untuk tulangan susut diambil 50% tulangan pokok.
As'= 50% * As 4090.61543436 mm2
Diameter tulangan yang digunakan, D= 19 mm
Jarak tulangan yang diperlukan, s = π / 4 * D2 * b / As = 69.312 mm
S= 40 mm
D 19 - 40

2.1. TULANGAN GESER

Gaya geser ultimit, Vu = 417.854220093 kN
Vu = 417854.220093 N
Faktor reduksi kekuatan geser, φ= 0.6
Kapasitas geser ultimit, Vucmax = 0.5 * φ * (√ fc ') * b * d = 4.434561E+12 N
Vu 417854.2201 < Vucmax 4434561094082 Aman terhadap Geser

Vc = 1/6*(√ fc ') * b * d = 2.463645E+12 N

Gaya geser yang ditahan oleh beton, φ.Vc = 1.478187E+12 N
Vu 417854.2201 < φ.Vc 1478187031361 Tidak Perlu tul geser