Dunes International School
Academic Session 2025-2026
Heat – Notes
Name: _______________________ Subject: Science
Class: Sec: Date:
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Heat: Extra Questions
Q1. What is conduction?
Ans: Conduction is the direct movement of heat from one point of an object to another by direct contact.
Heat is transferred between materials that are in direct touch with one another. The heated object will
transfer heat to every nearby object that comes into direct contact with it, and this process will continue as
long as there are objects in contact. It is the most often used mode of transfer of heat in objects.
Phenomenon of Conduction
Q2. What is convection?
Ans: Convection is a heat transport method that occurs in liquids and gases. The fluid is heated unevenly in
this manner. A portion of the fluid heats up, expands, and rises. Colder fluids rush in from the surrounding
locations to fill the void left by the rising hot fluid. They are heated one by one, and the process is
continued until the entire fluid is heated. Winds and storms are caused by the process of convection.
Phenomenon of Convection
Q3. What is radiation?
Ans: Radiation is the transfer of heat between objects that are not in direct touch. The two items may be
solids or liquids, but they are not in contact. Heat is transferred from a distance when a heated object radiates
heat into the environment. There is no need for a medium for radiation. Because it emits heat to the
surroundings, a hot object cools down on its own.
Phenomenon of Radiation
Q4. What are insulators?
Ans: Insulators are poor heat-conducting materials. These materials make it difficult for heat to pass through
them. As a result, insulators are utilized to construct handles for cooking pots and pans so that we may grasp
them without getting burned. Insulators include materials such as plastic, wood, and rubber.
Q5. What are conductors?
Ans: The materials that conduct heat are called conductors. Heat easily passes through these materials.
Cooking utensils, for example, are made with conductors to ensure that the heat from the flame is quickly
transferred to the food. Conductors can be made of aluminium, iron, or copper.
Q6. What is a sea breeze?
Ans: A sea breeze is a local wind system that flows from the sea to land during the day. This is a common
occurrence along the coast. The land heats up faster than the sea during the day. As a result, the air above
the ground warms, expands, and rises. The cooler air from the sea rushes in to fill the void that has been
created. The air from the land is moving towards the sea. The sea breeze is the wind that blows from the sea
towards the land during the day. Houses in coastal areas are built with windows that face the sea to capture
the most amount of sea breeze. In the absence of a strong large-scale wind system, sea breezes alternate
with land breezes along the coasts of oceans or large lakes during periods of intense daytime heating or
night time cooling.
Q7. What is a land breeze?
Ans: Land breeze refers to the breeze that blows from the land towards the sea at night. They form at night
when both seawater and land lose heat. Because the specific heat capacity of the land is much lower than
that of seawater, the land loses heat energy quickly and cools
faster than the sea. This is a common occurrence along the coast. The land cools much faster than the
seawater at night. As a result, the air above the land cools off more quickly. Above the sea, the air remains
warm, expands, and rises. Air from the ground rushes in to fill the void
Q8. How does wearing woollen clothes keep us warm in winters?
Ans: Woollen clothing is good for the winter since it keeps us warm. This is because-
1. Wool conducts heat poorly, it does not conduct body heat.
2. Air trapped between the pores of woollen fibres is a poor heat conductor. This also
reduces the transfer of heat from the body to the environment.
We feel warm because our body heat is trapped within the layers of clothes. Also, having many layers of
clothing is preferable to wearing a single thick woollen fabric. This is due to the fact that air is trapped
between each layer, trapping more heat. As a result, we feel more comfortable.
Q9: In a mercury thermometer, the level of mercury rises when its bulb comes in contact with a hot object.
What is the reason for this rise in the level of mercury?
Answer: As the temperature increases, then expansion in mercury takes place which leads to the rise in the
level of mercury in thermometer.
Q10: Shopkeepers selling ice blocks usually cover them with jute sacks. Explain why Answer: As we know
that jute sacks is thermal insulators, it helps ice not to be melt immediately. So, shopkeepers used to
cover ice blocks with jute sacks.
Q11: The radiators in cars are painted black. Explain why.
Answer: Car radiators are painted dull black because black colour is both good absorber and good radiator of
heat. The heat generated by the engine is efficiently radiated due to the dull black paint. The black paint
emits the most heat through radiation
Q12: To keep her soup warm, Paheli wrapped the container in which it was kept with woollen clothes. Can
she apply the same method to keep a glass of cold drink cool? Give reason for your answer.
Answer: Yes, she can apply the same method to keep a glass of cold drink cool because wool is a thermal
insulator, and it cannot allow to heat pass through it.
Q13: A laboratory thermometer A is kept 7 cm away on the side of the flame while a similar thermometer B
is kept 7 cm above the flame of a candle as shown in figure. Which of the thermometers A or Swill show a
greater rise in temperature? Give reason for your answer.
Answer: Thermometer B will show a greater rise in temperature because heated air above the candle rises
immediately and increase the temperature of bulb of thermometer B quite greater than A.
Q13: If a pan is removed from the fire, then why does it cool down?
Answer: When a pan is removed from the fire, it loses heat to the surroundings by radiation and it cools
down.
Q14: It is preferred to use two thin blankets rather than one thick blanket. Explain the reason.
Answer: In case of two thin blankets, there is an air gap which does not allow heat pass out from the body and
it is not as such as in case of one thick blanket.
Q15: For setting curd, a small amount of curd is added to warm milk. The microbes present in the curd
help in setting if the temperature of the mixture remains approximately between 35°C to 40°C. At places
where room temperature remains much below the range, setting of curd becomes difficult. Suggest a way
to set curd in such a situation.
Answer: For the setting of curd where temperature is below room temperature, the container in which
curd is to be made must be kept in a thermally insulated cover or it can be wrapped with wool or jute sacks
so that temperature is maintained for the setting of curd.
Q16: Explain the reason for the general fitting of air conditioner at higher level on the wall of the room.
Answer: As a fact that warm air is much lighter than the cold air, so being heavier the cold air from air
conditioner moves downwards while the hot air moves upwards at the lower level and gets cooled and
come downwards once again. So, due to this convection of heat are set in the air and room gets warmer
faster.
Q17: Briefly explain, why do the kites and eagles fly without flapping their wings. Answer: As it is a fact
that the hot air during the day time surrounds the land gradually and rises up, due to which a convection
air of heat develops. So, kites and eagles start moving along this rising current of heat without flapping
the wings to fly high up in the sky.
Q18: Explain the reason for the following statement, “When heat is applied at the bottom of the water vessel,
then it gets heated more quickly than when it is heated at the top.” Answer: The particles of water become
more lighter and rise up in the middle. Due to this, the cold particles of water which are heavier come down
along the sides of the vessel. So, the convection currents of heat are setup and water become hot. The
moment, when the heat is applied at the top, then the water present in the upper portion becomes hot and
these hot water molecules get fixed over the surface. Since, water is a bad conductor of heat, due to which
water present at the lower end (or bottom) of the vessel remains.
