AXIS EDUCATION Vectors VC-2

Institute for O/A levels Teacher: Shakib Ahmed Subject: Maths B

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 2𝑂𝐴
1.𝑂𝐷 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 3𝑂𝐵
𝑂𝐸 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = a,
𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = b
𝑂𝐵 C
(a) Express 𝑂𝐷 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ and 𝑂𝐸 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of a and b respectively
D
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
(b) Express 𝐵𝐴 in terms of a and b
(c) Express ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗𝐸𝐷 in terms of a and b A
(d) Given that ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝐵𝐶 = 4𝐵𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , express ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑂𝐶 in terms of a and b a
(e) Express 𝐸𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of a and b
O E
(f) Use the results for 𝐸𝐷 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ and 𝐸𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ to show that points 𝐸, 𝐷 and 𝐶 lie on a straight line. b B
5
2. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑌 = 2𝑂𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑋 = 2 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑂𝐴, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 = a, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐵 = b C
(a) Express 𝑂𝑌 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ and 𝑂𝑋 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of a and b respectively
Y
(b) Express ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝐴𝐵 in terms of a and b
(c) Express ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑋𝑌 in terms of a and b B
(d) Given that ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝐴𝐶 = 6𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , express ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑂𝐶 in terms of a and b b
(e) Express 𝑋𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of a and b O X
(f) Use the results for 𝑋𝑌 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ and 𝑋𝐶⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ to show that points 𝑋, 𝑌 and 𝐶 lie on a straight line. a A
3. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑃 = a ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 =3a ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐵 = b M is the mid – point of AB A
(a) Express 𝐵𝑃 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ and 𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of a and b respectively
X M
(b) Express 𝑀𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of a and b
P
(c) If X lies on BP produced so that ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝐵𝑋 = 𝑘. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝑃, express ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑀𝑋 in terms of a, b and 𝑘 a
(d) Find the value of 𝑘 if MX is parallel to 𝐵𝑂 B
O b
1 C
4. 𝐴𝐶 is parallel to 𝑂𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝑋 = 𝐴𝐵, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 = a, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐵 = b 𝐴𝐶 = 𝑚b
4
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of a and b
(a) Express 𝐴𝐵 B
𝑚b
(b) Express 𝐴𝑋⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of a and b
X b
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
(c) Express 𝐵𝐶 in terms of a, b and 𝑚
(d) Given that 𝑂𝑋 is parallel to 𝐵𝐶, find the value of 𝑚 A a O
1 D
5. 𝑋 is the mid – point of 𝑂𝐷, 𝑌 lies on 𝐶𝐷 such that ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐶𝐷, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐶𝑌 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐶 = c, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐷 = d
4 d
(a) Express 𝐶𝐷⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , 𝐶𝑌
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ and 𝑂𝑌 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of c and d
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
(b) Express 𝐶𝑋 in terms of c and d X
(c) Given that ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝐶𝑍 = ℎ𝐶𝑋 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , express ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑂𝑍 in terms of c, d and ℎ Y
Z
(d) If ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , form an equation and hence find the value of ℎ and 𝑘
𝑂𝑍 = 𝑘𝑂𝑌 O c C
6. In the figure, 𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = a and 𝑂𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = b. Given that AP = ½ OA, BQ = 3OB and PN = 2NQ, P A O
express in terms of a or b or a and b B
(a) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 (b) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝑂 (c) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝑄 (d) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑁 N
(e) Given that OPRQ is a parallelogram, express 𝑂𝑅 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of a and b R Q
7. (i) KLMN is a quadrilateral. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝐾𝐿 = k ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐿𝑀= m ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑀𝑁= n ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐾𝑁= 3m
(a) Give the mathematical name of the quadrilateral KLMN
(b) Express n in terms of k and m Q
(ii) In the figure, 𝑂𝑃 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = p, 𝑂𝑄 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = q. X is the point OP such that OX: OP = 1: 3 and Y is the point
on PQ such that PY: PQ = 3: 4. Find in terms of p, q or p and q. Y
q
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
(a) 𝑂𝑋 (b) 𝑃𝑌⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
(c) 𝑂𝑌 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
(d) 𝑋𝑌
OQ is produced to Z such that OQ: OZ = 1: 3
O P
(e) Show that YZ = 3XY X p
8. In figure ABCD is a parallelogram. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝐴𝐷 = a and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝐴𝐵 = b, P lies on BC such that BP: PC = 1: 2 D
C
(a) Find in terms of a or b or a and b (i) 𝐵𝑃⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ (ii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝑃
3 5 4 a
a = ( ) and b = ( ) (b) Show that the vector ( ) is parallel to AC
6 0 3 P
(c) Calculate, to one decimal place, the modulus of (a-b)
A b B
 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 5a, 𝑂𝐵
9. In figure, 𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 2b and P is the point on OA such that OP: OA = 3: 5 A
(a) Find, in terms of a or b or a and b (i) 𝑂𝑃 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
(ii) 𝑃𝐵 P B
5
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (2b – 3a)
𝑂𝑆 2 O S
(b) Show that the point A, B and S lie on a straight line
10. In figure 𝑂𝐴⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = a and 𝑂𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = b. The mid-point of OB is M and the point N lies on AB such that BN: NA = 2: 1
B
(a) Express in terms of a and b, simplifying your answer where possible
(i) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝐴 (ii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝑁 (iii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑀𝐵 (iv) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑀𝑁 M
The point P lies on OA extended so that OA: OP = 1: 2 N
(b) Show that MNP is a straight line
O A
(c) Find the ratio MN: NP
11. In fig. O is the center of the regular hexagon ABCDEF, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑂𝐴 = a and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑂𝐵 = b.
The side CB is produced to the point G where CB: CG = 1: 3
(a) Find the following vectors in terms of a or b or a and b.
Simplify your answer as far as possible
(a) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝐴 (ii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐶𝐹 (iii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐶𝐺 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
(iv) 𝐷𝐺 (v) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐷𝐹
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ C B G
The line DG meets OB at the point K. Given that 𝐷𝐾 = 𝑚𝐷𝐺 b
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of 𝑚, a and b
(b) express 𝐷𝐾 K
Given also that 𝑂𝐾 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑛𝑂𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ D O a A
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of 𝑛, a and b
(c) express 𝐷𝐾
By equating your answer to parts (b) and (c) E F
(d) Find the value of 𝑚 and 𝑛
12. In figure, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 = a, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗𝐴𝐵 = b and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐶 = 2b. D divides AC in the ratio 1: 2 and M is the mid-point of OD
(a) Write down in terms of a and b, simplifying where necessary, A B
(i) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐶 (ii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐷 (iii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝑀 (iv) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐷𝐵
D
(b) Write down a geometrical property that connects the points O, D and B.
AM is extended to N where N lies on OC. Given that 𝐴𝑁 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =  𝐴𝑀
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ a
(c) Write down in terms of  , a and b (i) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝑁 (ii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑁
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
Given also that 𝑂𝑁 = 𝜇b O C
(d) Calculate the values of  and 𝜇 2b
13. Figure shows a regular hexagon ABCDEF. The sides AB and DC are produced to meet at G. 𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = a and 𝐵𝐶
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = b.
The mid-point of ED is H and J is the point on FE such that FJ: JE = 1: 2
(a) Find in terms of a and b, simplifying where possible, E H D
(i) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐺𝐶 (ii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐶𝐷 (iii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐻 (iv) ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝐽
J
The point of intersection of BJ and AH is X. Given that ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝐴𝑋 = 𝜇𝐴𝐻⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
F X C
(b) Write down ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝐴𝑋 in terms of a, b and 𝜇
Given also that 𝐵𝑋 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =  𝐵𝐽 ⃗⃗⃗⃗ b
G
(c) Write down 𝐴𝑋 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of a, b and  A B
Calculate the value of 𝜇 and the value of 
14. In figure OAB is a triangle with ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐵 = b A
The point R lies on OA such that OR: RA = 1: 3 and 𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 4a.
Express in terms of a and b or a or b
M N P
(i) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑅 (ii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑅𝐵 (iii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵
The point P lies on AB such that AP: PB = 1: 2 R
Explain in terms of a and b, simplifying your answer where possible
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ O B
(b) (i) 𝑃𝐵 (ii) 𝑂𝑃 b
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑘𝑅𝐵
BRM is a straight line such that 𝑀𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , where 𝑘 is a constant. Given that the line MP is parallel to OB
8
(c)(i) Show that 𝑘 = 3
(ii) Find an expression for ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑀𝑃 in terms of b
The point of intersection of MP and OA is N such that 𝑁𝑃 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑙b and 𝑅𝑁
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑚a
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of a, b, 𝑙 and 𝑚
(d) Find an expression for 𝑂𝑃
(e) Hence find the value of 𝑚
15.Figure shows quadrilateral OABC with CB parallel to OA.
1
OA = 12a OB = 6b and CB = OA
2
a) Write down in terms of a or b or a and b i) BC ii) OC
The point X on OA is such that OX : OA = 3: 4
CX and OB intersect at G. CA and OB intersect at H.
Given that XG = k XC where k is a scalar,
b) Show that OG = 6kb + (9 − 15k )a.
c) Hence find OG in terms of b only.
Given that OG : GH : HB = m :1: n where m and n are integers,
d) Find the value of m and the value of n. [M18-II/Q9]
16. The diagram shows a quadrilateral OABC in which OA = a OC = c CB = 3a
The point M lies on OB such that OM: MB = 7:3
The point P lies on AB such that CMP is a straight line.
a)) Find, in terms of a and c, simplifying your answer, the vector CM .
b) Using a vector method, and showing your working clearly, find AP:PB in the form
x:y where x and y are integers.
Show your working clearly. [Jan-23-P1R-Q25]

3
17. Figure shows triangle OAB. The point C lies on AB such that AC = AB .
5
Given that OA = 4a and OB = 5b
a) Find an expression for OC in terms of a and b.
Give your answer in its simplest form.
The point D is such that OCD is a straight line.
Given that BD is parallel to OA.
b) Use a vector method to find an expression for OD in terms of a and b.
Give your answer in its simplest form. [Jan-23-P2-Q6]

18. Figure shows three points A, B and C on a cirle with centre O where AOB is a diameter of the circle.
D is the point on AC such that AD:DC = 3:2.
Given that OA = a and AD = b
a) Find, in trmsm of a or b or a and b where appropriate, a simplified expression for
i) AC ii) CO iii) DB
E is the point such that CEO and DEB are straight lines.
By considering both AD + DE and AC + CE
b) Find a simplified expression for AE in terms of a and b.
Given that a = 7cm and b = 6cm, ,
c) Calculate the exact area, in cm2, of ABC . [May22/P2R/Q9]
19. Figure shows triangle OAB.
Given that OA = a and OB = b
The point C lies on OA such that OC : OA = 1: 3
2
The point D lies on OB such that OD = OB .
5
Given that the point E is such that ABE and CDE are straight lines,
b) Find and simplify an expression, in terms of a and b, for AE . [Jan-22-P-2-Q5]
20. Figure shows a trapezium OACB in which OA is parallel to BC and OA: BC = 2 : 1.
The point P lies on AC such that AP : PC = 3 : 1
The point D is such that OD =  OP where   1 and such that BCD is a straight line.
Given that OA = 6a and that OB = 8b .
Use a vector method to find and simplify an expression, in terms of a and b only, for
AD . Show your working clearly. [Jan-22-P2R-Q9]
 Answer
1. (a) 2a; 3b (b) – b + a (c) – 3b +2a (d) 4a – 3b (e) 4a – 6b ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 2𝐸𝐷
(f) 𝐸𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

5 5 15
2. (a) 2b; a (b) – a + b (c) – a + 2b (d) – 5a + 6b (e) – ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 3𝑋𝑌
a + 6b (f) 𝑋𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
2 2 2

3 1 3 1 3
3. (a) – b + a; -3a + b (b) – 2 a + 2 b (c) (𝑘 − 2) a + (2 − 𝑘) b (d) 𝑘 = 2

1 1 4
4. (a) – a + b (b) − 4 a + 4
b (c) a + (𝑚 – 1) b (d) 𝑚 = 3

1 1 3 1 1 ℎ ℎ 3 𝑘 2 4
5. (a) – c + d; – 4 c + 4 d; 4 c + 4 d (b) – c + 2 d (c) (1 - ℎ) c + 2 d (d) (1 - ℎ) c + 2 d = k; 4 c + 4 d; h=5, k = 5

3 3 1 8 3
6. (a) – a + b (b) – 2 a (c) – 2 a + 4b (d) 2
a+3b (e) 2 a + 4b

1 3 3 1 3 1 3
7. (ai) Trapezium (b) n = 2m – k (ii,a) p (b) – p + q (c) p + q (d) - p + q
3 4 4 4 4 12 4

1 1
8. (a, i) 3 a (ii) 3 a + b (c) 6.3 9. (a, i) 3a (ii) – 3a + 2b

2 2 1 2 1 1
10. (a, i) a – b (ii) 3 a – 3 b (iii) 2 b (iv) 3 a – 6 b ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑀𝑃
(b) 𝑀𝑁 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ (c) 1: 2
3

1 1
11. (a, i) a – b (ii) 2a – 2b (iii) 3a (iv) 3a + b (v) 2a – b (b) 3𝑚a + 𝑚b(c) a + 𝑛b (d) 𝑚 = 3, 𝑛 = 3

2 2 2 1 1 1
12. (a,i) – a + 2b (ii) 3 a + 3 b (iii) - 3
a + 3 b (iv) 3 a + 3 b (b) 𝑂, 𝐷 and 𝐵 are collinear

2  2 
(d)  = , 𝜇 =
3 1
(c, i) − a+ b (ii) (1 − )a + b
3 3 3 3 2 2

1 4 1 4 2 3
13. (a, i) – a + b (ii) – a + b (iii) – 2 a + 2b(iv) – 2a + 3 b (b) − 2 𝜇a + 2𝜇b (c)(1 - 2  ) a + 3  b (d) 𝜇 = 5  = 5

8 2 8 1 5
14. (a, i) a (ii) – a + b (iii) – 4a + b (b, i) − 3 a + 3 b (ii) 3 a + 3 b (c, ii) 2b (d) (1 + 𝑚)a + 𝑙b (e) 3

18
15. a) i) -6a ii) 6b “-6a” c) b d) m = 9, n = 5
5
21 3 8 8
16. a) a− c b) 2:1 17. a)) a + 3b b) a + 5b
10 10 5 3
5 5 4 5
18. a)i) b ii) − b − a iii) −2a − b b) − a + b c) 20 6 19.a) −a + b b) 4 ( − a + b )
3 3 7 7
20. 8b-a