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Physics Equation List :Form 4
Introduction to Physics
Relative Deviation
Relative Deviation = Mean Deviation x 100%
Mean Value
Prefixes
Prefixes Value Standard form Symbol
Tera I 000 000 000 000 10" T
Giga I 000 000 000 10" G
Mega I 000 000 10° M
Kilo I 000 I0j k
deci 0.1 10·1 d
centi 0.01 10·· C
milli 0.001 10·3 m
micro 0.000 001 10·0 µ
nano 0.000 000 001 10-" n
pico 0.000 000 000 00 I 10-1, p
Units for Area and Volume
Im = 102 cm (100 cm)
2 4 2 2 I cm =10·2 m
I m = 10 cm (10,000 cm )
3 6 3
I m = 10 cm (1,000,000 cm3)
4
I cm2 = 10 m2
l 3
I cm3 = 10-6 m3
(l 000 OOOm)
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Force and Motion
Average Speed
Average Speed= Total Dis~ance
Total Tune
Velocl
(ms"')
s
v=-
v = velocity
s = displacement (m)
t I= lime (s)
Acceleration
a = acceleration
v-u v = final velocity
a=-- u = initial velocity
t I =time for the velocity change
Equation of Linear Motion
Linear Motion
Motion with Motion with
Motion with constant chwiglng
constant velocity acceleration acceleration
[JJ v=u+at
l
s=-(u+v)t
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Using Calculus
(In Additional
Mathematics
Syllabus)
1 2
s =ut+-at
2
v2 =u 2 +2as
u = initial velocity (ms" 1)
v = final velocity (ms·')
a = acceleration (ms"1)
s = displacement (m)
t = time (s)
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Ticker Tape
Finding Velocity:
1 ldr
J I
I•
•
velocity= s
number- of ticks x 0.02s
I tick = 0.02s
Finding Acceleration:
E
7cm
. . . . . . . .....-1 -
Oireclion
1cm
a=--
v-u
t
Leng1h/an a = acceleration
v =final velocity
20 u = initial velocity
t = time for the velocity change
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12
8
4
Ticks
Graph of Motion
Gradient of a Graph The gradient 'm' of a line segment between two
y points and is defined as follows:
Gradient, m = Change in y coordinate, t.y
Change in x coordinate, l!i.x
or
fly
t.y
m=-
l!i.x
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Dis lacement-Tlme Gn b Velocity-Time Gra b
time/$ time/1
Gradient= Velocity (ms· ) Gradient = Acceleration (ms"")
Area in between the graph and x-axis
Displacement
Momentum
p=mxv p =momentum
m =mass
(kg ms·')
{kg)
v = velocity (ms"')
Principle of Conservation of Momentum
m, =mass ofobject I (kg)
mz = mass ofobject l (kg)
u, = initial velocity ofobject 1 (ms·')
u1 = initial velocity ofobject l (ms·;,
v, = final velocity ofobject 1 (ms·)
vz = final velocity ofobject l (ms·')
Newton's Law of Motion
Newton's First Law
In the absence of external forces, an object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion continues in
motion with a constant velocity (that is, with a constant speed in a straight line).
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Newton's Second Law
The rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the
Famv-mu resultant force acting on the body and is in the same direction.
t F = Net Force (Nor kgms.1)
m =mass (kg)
F=ma a = acceleration (ms.1)
Implication
When there is resultant force acting on an object, the object will accelente
(moving faster, moving slower or change direction).
Newton's Third Law
Newton's third law of motion states that for every force, there is a reaction force with the same magnitude
but in the opposite direction.
Im ulse
F=force (N)
Impulse= Ft t = time (s)
Impulse = mv - mu m =mass
v =final velocity
u = initial velocity
Impulsive Force
F=Force
F= mv-mu t = time
m =mass
t v = final velocity
u = initial velocity
Gravitational Field Strength
g = gravitationalfield strength (Nkg·')
F F = gravitational force (Nor kgms.1)
g=- m =mass (kg)
m
Wei t
W=mg W= Weight (Nor kgms··J
m =mass (kg)
avitational 1eld stre11 th/, ravitatio11al acceleration
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