Syllabus Plan for the Session 2020 – 2021

Month No. of
Chapters Activity
Days
Nutrition in plants  To observe bread mould (fungi).
March 7
(Chapter 1)
Acids, bases and salts  To show the action of acid and base
(Chapter 5) on litmus.
 To study the process of
neutralization.
18  To make a card using turmeric paste
April
and soap solution.
Heat  To develop the skill of measuring
(Chapter 4) temperature by using a laboratory
thermometer.
Water  To show how evaporation and
(Chapter 16) condensation take place at the same
time.
May 15 Forests - Our Lifeline  1-2 minute presentation on
(Chapter 17) Deforestation, its consequences and
its control.
SUMMER BREAK
Nutrition in Animals  To show the action of saliva on
(Chapter 2) starch.
 Comparative study of digestive
July system in humans and ruminants.
23
Electric Current and  To demonstrate the Magnetic effect
its Effects of current using simple electric
(Chapter 14) circuit with a magnetic compass.
 To construct an electromagnet.
Respiration in  To study the effect of exhaled air on
Organisms lime water.
(Chapter 10)
August
19 Motion and Time  To draw distance-time graphs for
(Chapter 13) uniform and non-uniform motion.
 To measure the time period of a
simple pendulum.
Revision
 Understanding of sewage and its
treatment through a schematic
Half Yearly diagram.
September 22 Examination

Wastewater Story
(Chapter 18)
 Subject: Science
Month No. of Chapters Activity
Days
Reproduction in  Study of various parts of flower.
Plants  Compare unisexual and bisexual flower.
(Chapter 12)

October 18 Fibre to Fabric  Collection of samples of plant and

(Chapter 3) animal fabric (silk, wool, cotton, jute
etc)
 To creatively show silk moth life cycle
on an A-4 sheet.
Physical and  To study the conditions under which a
Chemical Changes change is said to be a physical change.
(Chapter 6)  To study chemical changes using
magnesium ribbon, lime water, iron
nails, copper sulphate solution, vinegar.
 To study conditions required for
November
19 rusting.
 Demonstration of physical and chemical
changes.
Transportation in  To observe the conduction of water by
Animals and stem.
Plants  Recording pulse rate.
(Chapter 11)
Light  To observe the image formed in plane
(Chapter 15) mirror and list its properties.
 To observe the image formed in a
spherical mirror (spoon).
 To show white light is made up of seven
colours and develop a Newton’s color
December 19
wheel.
Weather, Climate  Pasting pictures of animals found in
and Adaptation polar and tropical region.
(Chapter 7)  Group discussion on adaptations of
animals found in Tropical Rain Forests
and Polar Regions.
Wind, Storms and  To demonstrate that air flows from high
Cyclones pressure area to low pressure area with
(Chapter 8) the help of crumpled paper and bottle.
 Collect weather reports from
January
newspaper and making a graph for
16
daily changes in temperature.
 Comparing tornadoes and cyclones.

Soil  To study water holding capacity of soil.

(Chapter 9)  To study the layers of soil.

Revision
February 20
Annual
Examination
 CHAPTER – 1
NUTRITION IN PLANTS
Month – March
CONCEPT MAP

BEYOND THE TEXT

SECTION A

I. Choose the correct option:

1. Guard cells of stoma are
a) irregular in shape b) convex in shape
c) long and cylindrical in shape d) kidney-shaped
2. Chlorophyll is found in oval-shaped structures called as
a) Stomata b) stoma c) chloroplast d) centrioles
3. Amarbel is an example of
a) Autotroph b) Parasite c) Heterotroph d) Host
4. In the absence of which of the following will photosynthesis not occur in leaves?
a) Guard cells b) Chlorophyll c) Vacuole d) Space between cells
5. Pitcher plant traps insects because it
a) is a heterotroph b) grows in soils which lack in nitrogen
c) does not have chlorophyll d) has a digestive system like human beings

II. Give one-word answer:

1. An indicator used to test the presence of starch.
2. A form in which food is normally stored in plants.
3. A mutually beneficial relationship between two living organisms.
4. Tiny units which form the bodies of living organisms.
5. Ultimate source of energy for all living organisms.

SECTION B

III. Assertion –Reason Questions:

Note: Read the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) statements carefully and mark the correct
option out of the following options:

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) Both A and R are false.

1. Assertion: Farmers who cultivate leguminous plants don’t apply nitrogenous fertilizers
during cultivation.
Reason: Rhizobium bacteria living in the root nodules of leguminous plants provide
them nitrogen in the soluble form. Ans: ________

2. Assertion: Pitcher plant is green but it feeds on insects.

Reason: Pitcher plant lives in nitrogen deficient soil and feeds on insects to fulfill its
nitrogen requirement. Ans: ________

3. Assertion: Life on the earth would be impossible in the absence of photosynthesis.

Reason: Plants are autotrophic organisms which make their own food by the process
of photosynthesis. Ans: ________

4. Assertion: Cuscuta is a plant parasite.

Reason: Cuscuta does not have chlorophyll and thus obtains readymade food from the
host plant on which it lives. Ans: ________

5. Assertion: Lichen is a symbiotic association between algae and fungi.

Reason: In Lichens, both algae and fungi mutually benefit each other. An alga provides
food to the fungus and in return, fungus provides protection, water and
minerals to the alga. Ans: ________
 SECTION C

IV. Answer the following questions:

1. Draw neat and well labelled diagrams of:
a) Stomata
b) Schematic diagram showing photosynthesis
2. How are nutrients replenished in the soil?
3. Why can’t animals make food from carbon dioxide, water and sunlight, like plants do?
4. Plants do not have a digestive system like us. Why do they not need a digestive
system?
5. Differentiate between Parasites and Saprophytes.
6. How can you say that photosynthesis maintains a balance between oxygen and carbon
dioxide in nature?
7. Wild animals like tiger, wolf, lion and leopard do not eat plants. Does this mean that
they can survive without plants? Can you provide a suitable explanation?
8. Rohit places a potted plant in a room in complete darkness. After 3 days, he takes out
the plant and tests the leaf for the presence of starch. Will he get the positive starch
test? Give reason for the same.
9. Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plant growth. But farmers who cultivate pulses as
crops like green gram, Bengal gram, black gram, etc. do not apply nitrogenous
fertilizers during cultivation. Why?

BRAIN TEASER

 Wheat dough, if left in the open, after a few days, starts to emit a foul
smell and becomes unfit for use. Give reason.
 CHAPTER – 5
ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS
Month – April
CONCEPT MAP

BEYOND THE TEXT

 SECTION A

I. Choose the correct option:

1. Other name of Milk of Magnesia is
a) Magnesium oxide b) Magnesium hydroxide
c) Calcium oxide d) Calcium hydroxide
2. Acids turn methyl orange solution reddish but with phenolphthalein,
a) they show pink color b) they show blue color
c) they become black d) they remain colorless
3. Base that dissolves in water is called
a) acid b) salt
c) alkali d) none of these
4. Which one of the following salts is used for making detergent powder?
a) Washing soda b) potassium nitrate
c) sodium bicarbonate d) common salt
5. Which of the following is not an indicator?
a) China rose b) Onion
c) Clove d) Lemon
6. Which of the following substance present in turmeric changes its color on reaction with
base?
a) Lichen b) Magnesia
c) Curcumin d) None of these
7. Acid present in soured curd is
a) Lactic acid b) Acetic acid
c) Tartaric acid d) Oxalic acid
8. Which medicines are used for treating indigestion?
a) Antibiotic b) Analgesic
c) Antacids d) Antiseptic
9. Sharp pain caused by an ant bite is due to:
a) malic acid b) nitric acid
c) formic acid d) lactic acid
10. Which of the following statements is correct?
a) Products of neutralization reaction are salt and water.
b) Reactants of neutralization reaction are acid and alkali.
c) Any neutralization reaction is an exothermic reaction.
d) All the above statements are correct.

SECTION B
II. Assertion – Reason Questions:
Note: Read the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) statements carefully and mark the correct
option out of the following options:

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) Both A and R are false.
 1. Assertion: Neutralization reaction is accompanied by evolution of heat.
Reason: Neutralization reaction is a reaction between an acid and a base to form
salt and water. Ans: ________

2. Assertion: The substance which shows the nature of the solution as acidic
or basic with the change in color are called indicators.
Reason: Red litmus turns blue in a solution containing vitamin ‘C’. Ans: ________

3. Assertion: Salts are the products of an acid-base reaction.

Reason: Salt may be acidic or basic. Ans: ________

4. Assertion: Sodium hydroxide is an alkali.

Reason: All bases are alkalies. Ans: ________

5. Assertion: Toothpaste neutralized the acid produced by fermentation of

food particles in mouth.
Reason: Toothpaste is alkaline in nature. Ans: ________

SECTION C
III. Answer the following Questions:
1. Give two examples of each:
a) Substances having sour taste _________________ ______________
b) Substances having bitter taste _________________ ______________
c) Substances which are neither acidic nor basic _________________ ______________

2. Complete the following word equations and name the reaction also:

a) Sodium hydroxide + Hydrochloric acid à

_______________________________________________ + _______________________________________
Name of the Reaction - ______________________________________________________________

b) Magnesium hydroxide + Hydrochloric acid à

_______________________________________________ +______________________________________
Name of the Reaction - ______________________________________________________________
3. Name the acid present in ant’s sting and how is it treated?
4. Classify the following substances as acids and bases:
Tomato juice, tamarind juice, curd, toothpaste, soap solution, raw mangoes.
5. Paheli observed that most of the fish in the pond of her village were gradually dying. She
also observed that the wastes of a factory in their village are flowing into the pond which
probably caused the fish to die.
a) Explain why the fish were dying?
b) If the factory waste is acidic in nature, how can it be neutralised?

BRAIN TEASERS
 Why is salt added to ice creams?

CHAPTER – 4
 HEAT
Month – April
CONCEPT MAP

BEYOND THE TEXT

THERMOS FLASK

A vacuum flask, or thermos flask, does not allow heat transfer by any of the three ways that
heat can travel. The silver coating on the inner bottle prevents heat transfer by radiation, and
the vacuum between its double walls prevents heat transfer by convection. The thinness of
the glass walls stops heat entering or leaving the flask by conduction. The case surrounding
the flask provides additional insulation.
 SECTION A

I. Choose the correct option:

1. On heating, an object usually
a) Expands b) Contracts c) Does not change d) Can’t say
2. Mode of heat transfer in vacuum is
a) Conduction b) Convection c) Radiation d) None of these
3. A beggar wrapped himself with a few layers of newspaper on a cold winter
night. This helped him to keep himself warm because
a) friction between the layers of newspaper produces heat.
b) air trapped between the layers of newspaper is a bad conductor of heat.
c) newspaper is a conductor of heat.
d) newspaper is at a higher temperature than the temperature of the
surrounding.
4. An example of insulator of heat is:
a) rubber b) iron c) mercury d) gold
5. The normal temperature of human body in degree Celsius is:
a) 35 b) 42 c) 98.6 d) 37

II. Give one word for the following:

1. A liquid metal used in thermometers.
2. A constriction present in clinical thermometers to prevent the mercury level from
falling on its own.
3. Thermometer used to measure maximum and minimum temperatures of the day.
4. The blowing of cool air during night from land to sea.
5. The process by which heat of the sun reaches the earth.
6. The transfer of heat which does not require any medium.

SECTION B

III. Assertion - Reason Questions:

Note: Read the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) statements carefully and mark the correct
option out of the following options:

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) Both A and R are false.

1. Assertion: Marble tiles feel colder than wooden tiles during winter season.
Reason: Conductors allow heat to pass through them whereas insulators do not
allow heat to pass Ans: ________

2. Assertion: Solar cookers are painted black from inside.

Reason: Dark colors are poor absorbers of heat. Ans: ________
 3. Assertion: An iron ball at 37o F is dropped in a mug containing water at
37o C. Then the heat will flow from water to iron ball.
Reason: In convection, heated molecules of a liquid themselves move
to carry heat from the hot region to cold region. Ans: ________

SECTION C

1. Write any two precautions observed while reading:

a) Clinical thermometer b) Laboratory thermometer.

2. A laboratory thermometer A is kept 7 cm away on the side of the flame while a similar
thermometer B is kept 7 cm above the flame of a candle as shown in the given figure.

Which of the thermometers, A or B, will show a greater rise in temperature? Give reason
for your answer.

3. At a camp site there are tents of two shades – one made with black fabric and the other
with white fabric. Which one will you prefer for resting on a hot summer afternoon?
Give reason for your choice. Would you like to prefer the same tent during winter?

4. In the below activity, identify which hand appears to be hotter. Give reason.

BRAIN TEASERS

 A bimetallic strip made of brass and iron when heated, bends. Why?
 Why do thick glass tumblers break when hot liquid is poured into them?

 CHAPTER-16
WATER: A PRECIOUS RESOURCE
Month – May
BEYOND THE TEXT
 SECTION A

I. Choose the correct option:

1. When is World Water Day observed?
a) 22 December b) 14 November c) 22 March d) 21 April
2. Which of the following is a way to use water economically?
a) Construction of Bawris b) Rain water harvesting
c) Drip irrigation d) Infiltration
3. Which of the following does not show water shortage?
a) Taps running dry.
b) Long queues for getting water.
c) Marches and protests for demand of water.
d) A family gets three buckets of water per person per day.
4. Seas and oceans are full of water on earth. However, a very small percentage
of water present on earth is available for us. This percentage is roughly
a) 0.006% b) 0.06% c) 0.6% d) 6%
5. The amount of water recommended by the United Nations for drinking,
washing, cooking and maintaining proper hygiene per person per day is a
minimum of
a) 5 litres b) 15 litres c) 30 litres d) 50 litres

II. Give one word answer:

1. The process of seeping of water into the ground.
2. The place where ground water is stored between layers of hard rock below the water
table.
3. The technique of watering plants by making use of narrow tubing which deliver water
directly at the base of the plant.
4. The process of recharging the ground water using rainwater.

III. Fill in the blanks:

1. The ___________________ in the soil indicates the presence of underground water.
2. Water in the aquifers can be usually pumped out with help of
__________________________________or _________________________________.
3. ____________________________________ was the traditional way of collecting water.
4. Shortage of ______________________________ has become a matter of concern.
5. The earth appears to be ___________ in colour from space.

SECTION B

IV. Assertion - Reason Questions:

Note: Read the Assertion (A) and Reason(R) statements carefully and mark the correct
option out of the following options:

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
 c) A is true but R is false.
d) Both A and R are false.

1. Assertion: Celebration of water day is to attract the attention of everybody

towards the importance of conserving water.
Reason: Water table is going down. Ans: ________

2. Assertion: 76% of the earth’s surface is covered with water.

Reason: 50% of the total water is fresh water. Ans: ________

SECTION C

V. Answer the following questions:

1. How does water scarcity affect plants?

2. How can we conserve water at home?
3. Can we keep on drawing water from underground, how will it affect the water table?
4. Sita and Geeta both maintain a garden. Sita waters her plants early in the morning or
in the evening whereas Geeta waters her plants during the day time. Who according to
you is water wise and why?

BRAIN TEASER

 Water is very precious for all the living beings. What will happen in future if we do
not save water now?
 CHAPTER-17
FORESTS OUR LIFELINE
Month – May
BEYOND THE TEXT

The emergent layer is the name given to the tops of trees that poke up above the rainforest
canopy. It is very sunny here and only the strongest and tallest plants reach this level.

Food Web – A series of overlapping or connected food chains that exist in an ecosystem.
These are more accurate than a food chain because they show all the feeding relationships
within an ecosystem.
 SECTION A

I. Choose the correct option:

1. Which of the following serve as green lungs?
a) Green pigment of the plants
b) Forests
c) Kitchen gardens
d) Green house gases
2. Forests are not responsible for
a) Providing medicinal plants.
b) Maintaining the flow of water into the streams.
c) Creating flood conditions.
d) Absorbing rainwater and maintaining water table.
3. Plants that give us medicine are:
a) Vanilla and Mango
b) Neem and Eucalyptus
c) Amla
d) Both “b” and “c”
4. Siya visited a forest near his town with his classmates and his teacher. As they were
entering the forest, their class teacher told them not to make noise in the forest as
noise could disturb the
a) birds
b) animals
c) both birds and animals
d) plants
 II. Fill in the blanks:

1. In a forest, ___________________ form the uppermost layer, followed by ___________________

and _________________ forming the lowermost layer of vegetation.
2. All animals whether herbivore or carnivore depend ultimately on
__________________________ for food.
3. Microorganisms act on dead plants and animals to produce ____________________.
4. Decomposers help in maintaining the supply of ___________________________ to the growing
plants in the forest.
5. Living organisms show interdependence in the form of ________________________.

III. Give one word:

1. Branchy part of a tree above the stem.
2. Roof like cover made by branches of tall trees over other trees and plants.
3. Layer of the forest that has dead and decaying matter.
4. Dark coloured substance that is formed when microorganisms feed on dead and
decaying matter.
5. Microorganisms that feed on dead and decaying matter.

SECTION B

IV. Assertion - Reason Questions:

Note: Read the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) statements carefully and mark the correct
option out of the following options:

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) Both A and R are false.

1. Assertion: Forests prevent soil erosion.

Reason: Canopy formed by crown of leaves of forest trees reduces the
force and speed of rain drops. Ans: ________

2. Assertion: Forests are called the green lungs of the earth.

Reason: The forest keeps on growing and changing and can regenerate.
Ans: ________

SECTION C

1. What is a food chain? What would happen if one of the food chains got disturbed?
2. Why is the decreasing number of tigers in India a major concern for the
environmentalists?
3. Sumit while moving in a forest observed that there was no noise pollution, though
lots of heavy vehicles were passing from the nearby highway. Explain why?
 4. Label A, B, C, D in the given figure:

BRAIN TEASERS

 If we are able to plant more trees at the same rate as deforestation, will it have no
adverse impact on environment? Give reason.
 Is there a difference between variety of plants/ animals in a newly formed forest
and a hundred year old forest?
 CHAPTER – 2
NUTRITION IN ANIMALS
Month – July
CONCEPT MAP

LABELLED DIAGRAM OF TONGUE

DIGESTION IN AMOEBA
 DIGESTION IN RUMINANTS

SECTION A

I. Choose the correct option:

1. ORS (Oral Rehydration Solution) is given under following condition:
a) Tooth Decay b) Diarrhoea c) Acidity d) None of these
2. Amoeba ingests its food with the help of
a) Food vacuole b) Cilia c) Pseudopodia d) Flagella
3. Complete digestion of food takes place in
a) Stomach b) Large Intestine c) Small Intestine d) Liver
4. Which of the following pair of teeth differ in structure but are similar in function?
a) Canines and incisors b) Molars and premolars
c) Incisors and molars d) Premolars and canines
5. Read carefully the terms given below. Which of the following set is the correct
combination of organs that do not carry out any digestive functions?
a) Oesophagus, large Intestine, rectum
b) Buccal cavity, oesophagus, rectum
c) Buccal cavity, oesophagus, large intestine
d) Small intestine, large intestine, rectum
6. The swallowed food moves downwards in the alimentary canal because of
a) force provided by the muscular tongue
b) the flow of water taken with the food
c) gravitational pull
d) the contraction of muscles in the wall of foodpipe.
II. Fill in the blanks:
1. The digestive glands associated with digestive system are as follows:
__________________________ _______________________ _________________________
2. The _____________________________ is fleshy muscular organ attached to the floor of buccal
cavity.
3. __________________________ intestine is longer than _______________________ intestine.
4. The movement which occurs in alimentary canal and helps in pushing the food
downwards is called _________________________________.
5. Partially digested food present in rumen is called ______________________________.

III. Complete the table given below:

SECTION B

IV. Assertion – Reason Questions:

Note: Read the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) statements carefully and mark the correct
option out of the following options:

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of the A.

b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of the A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) Both A and R is false.

1. Assertion: Ruminants can digest cellulose whereas humans cannot.

Reason: Ruminants have a cellulose digesting bacteria living in their alimentary
canal whereas humans do not have it. Ans: ________

2. Assertion: Inner wall of the small intestine have numerous finger like projections.
Reason: Villi present on the inner wall of the small intestine increases the surface
area for the absorption of digested food. Ans: ________

3. Assertion: We should not eat hurriedly or talk or laugh loudly while eating.
Reason: Eating hurriedly or talking and laughing loudly while eating may cause the
food particles to enter the windpipe instead of the food pipe which causes
hiccups and choking sensation. Ans: ________

4. Assertion: Bile juice plays an important role in fat digestion although it does not
digest fat.
 Reason: Fats are present as big droplets in the food because of which they cannot be
digested easily. Bile juice breaks these big droplets into small droplets and
makes their digestion and absorption easier. Ans: ________

5. Assertion: Mucus protects the inner lining of the stomach.

Reason: Several bacteria that enter along with food may harm the inner lining of the
stomach. Ans: ________

SECTION C

1. Name and define the various steps involved in the process of nutrition in animals.
2. What is the difference between milk teeth and permanent teeth?
3. Describe briefly, how digestion and absorption takes place in Amoeba?
4. Write the functions of the following in the digestion and absorption of food:
a) Mouth b) Stomach c) Small intestine d) Liver e) Pancreas f) Large Intestine
5. Priya was eating her food hurriedly because the lunch time was about to be over.
Suddenly she started coughing violently. Give reason for the same.
6. If a piece of chapatti is chewed for some time, it tastes sweeter. Why?
7. ‘A’ got her gall bladder removed surgically as she was diagnosed with stones in her
gall bladder. After the surgery, she faced problems in digestion of certain food items
when consumed in bulk. Can you tell which kind of food items would they be and
why?
8. The bacteria present on unclean teeth convert the sugar in food into a substance ‘X’
which causes tooth decay. Name the substance ‘X’. which part of the teeth does it
affect?

BRAIN TEASER
 People who love eating sweets are said to have sweet tooth. What does this statement
mean?
 CHAPTER – 14
ELECTRIC CURRENT AND ITS EFFECTS
Month – July
CONCEPT MAP

BEYOND THE TEXT

Working of Electric Bell

 When we push the switch of the bell, an electric current flows through the
electromagnet.
 The electromagnet attracts the soft iron armature or strip.
 The hammer attached to the strip then hits the gong, making the bell ring.
 When the soft iron strip gets attracted to the electromagnet, it no longer touches
the screw and hence the circuit is broken.
 This turns off the electromagnet and it can no longer attract the soft iron strip.
 The soft iron strip returns to its initial position, touching the screw. This
completes the circuit and current flows again.
The above steps repeat in quick succession as long as the switch is on. This is how an
electric bell rings.

Diagram of Electric Bell:

 ------- Contact screw

SECTION A
I. Choose the correct option:
1. Which of the following appliances does not use an electromagnet?
a) Washing machine b) Refrigerator
c) Electric heater d) Electric bell
2. A fuse wire is made up of an alloy
a) Nichrome b) Tin-lead
c) Manganin d) Constantan
3. In which of the following circuits bulb will glow?

a) b)

c) d)
4. Which of the following statements is incorrect for the given circuit?

a) The wire has no magnetic effect.

b) When compass is kept near to the circuit, it will not show any deflection.
c) The given circuit is incomplete because there is no source of electric energy.
d) Due to battery in this circuit, electric wire behaves as a magnet.

5. Copper wires are used as connecting wires because

 a) Copper has very high melting point
b) Copper wires are very thick wires
c) Copper wire offers a lower resistance
d) None of these

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. Electric current is the continuous flow of _____________________________.
2. ____________________________ is used to regulate current.
3. The conventional current flows from _______________________to _________________________
end of the circuit.
4. The combination of two or more cells is called a ____________________________.
5. The coil of wire used in electric heaters is called a _________________________.
6. Scientist who discovered magnetic effect of current ________________________.

III. Write the full form of following:

a) MCB __________________________________________________________________
b) LED __________________________________________________________________
c) ISI __________________________________________________________________
d) CFL __________________________________________________________________

SECTION B

IV. Assertion – Reason Questions:

Note: Read the Assertion (A) and Reason(R) statements carefully and mark the correct
option out of the following options:

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) Both A and R are false.

1. Assertion: There is no current in the metals in the absence of electric field.

Reason: Motion of free electron is random. Ans: ________

2. Assertion: The connecting wires are made of copper.

Reason: The electrical conductivity of copper is high. Ans: ________

SECTION C

III. Answer the following Questions:

1. Differentiate between:
a) Fuse and MCB
b) CFL and Electric bulb
2. A copper wire is suspended freely. When no current is passed through it, it comes
to rest in any direction. Which direction will it point if current is passed through
it?
 3. Describe three factors on which the choice of element or coil of a heater depends
on?
4. What is an Electromagnet? Draw its circuit diagram. Write its three applications.
5. Explain the principle and working of an electric bell with a well labelled diagram.
6. Why should we look for an ISI mark on electrical appliances?

BRAIN TEASER

 One day, Rahul and Raman were trying to set up electric circuits using two bulbs and two
cells. They connected these components in the following manner:

a) State in which circuit(s) bulb will glow?

b) State in which circuit(s) bulb will not glow? Give reason.
 Chapter – 10
RESPIRATION IN ORGANISMS
Month – August
CONCEPT MAP

BEYOND THE TEXT

 SECTION A

I. Choose the correct option:

1. Name the gas which is used by white blood cells to kill the invading bacteria.
a) Oxygen b) Carbon dioxide c) Nitrogen d) Chlorine
2. What is the percentage of oxygen in the inhaled air?
a) 21% b) 16.4% c) 18% d) 20%
[Link] is the percentage of CO2 in the exhaled air?
a) 23% b) 4.4% c) 6% d) 0.04%
[Link] range of breathing rate per minute in an adult person at rest is
a) 9 – 12 b) 15 – 18 c) 21 – 24 d) 30 - 33
[Link] cramps occur due to accumulation of
a) Lactic acid b) Acetic acid c) Alcohol d) Maleic acid
6. During exhalation, the ribs
a) move down and inwards b) move upwards
c) move outwards d) do not move at all
7. In cockroach, air enters the body through
a) Lungs b) Gills c) Spiracles d) Skin
8. The air tubes in insects are called
a) Bronchus b) Tracheae c) Nostrils d) Blowholes
9. Name the muscular sheet which separates the abdomen from the chest cavity.
a) Diaphragm b) Ribs c) Spiracles d) Tracheae
10. Birds breathe through
a) Lungs b) Kidney c) Spiracles d) Skin
11. Which of the following organism can do anaerobic respiration?
a) Yeast b) Leech c) Amoeba d) Fish
12. The food material used to release energy in the body cells, which is considered as a
biological fuel is
a) Glucose b) Vitamin c) Water d) Minerals

SECTION B

II. Assertion-Reason Questions:

Note: Read the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) statements carefully and mark the correct
option out of the following options:

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of the A.

b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of the A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) Both A and R is false.

1. Assertion: Mammals have developed a complex respiratory system.

Reason: Mammalian skin is impermeable. Ans: ________

2. Assertion: Rings of cartilage are present in the throat.

Reason: these ensure that the air passage does not collapse. Ans: ________

3. Assertion: In human beings, the respiratory pigment is haemoglobin.

Reason: It is a type of protein which has high affinity towards carbon dioxide.
Ans: ________
4. Assertion: The opening and closing of the pore is the function of the guard cells.
Reason: Stomatal pores are the site for exchange of gases by diffusion. Ans: ________

5. Assertion: Diffusion does not meet high energy requirements of multi-cellular organisms.
Reason: Diffusion is a fast process but only occurs at the surface of the body. Ans: ________

SECTION C

III. Answer the following questions briefly:

1. State the purpose of hair follicles inside the nose.
2. Label the parts in the given below respiratory system. Also state the function of these
four parts.

3. Write the composition of inhaled and exhaled air?

4. Rearrange the words given in the box in the form of a horizontal flowchart to trace the
path of air during inhalation and exhalation.

Pharynx Carbon Dioxide Epiglottis Larynx Nose Blood Alveoli

Oxygen Cells Trachea Bronchioles

5. a) Meena had cramps in her leg muscles after running a 400 m race. Why?
b) After a massage she was relieved of the pain. Give reason.
6. In some animals, exchange of gases takes place through its thin and moist skin. Name
one such animal.
7. Smoking is considered harmful due to certain effects. Explain in brief.
8. Whenever we feel drowsy or sleepy, we start yawning. Does yawning help us in
anyway?
9. Respiration in fish is different from humans. Explain in brief how fishes can breathe
through gills?
10. There are three animals named A, B and C. Among them A can stay on land as well as
in water. When it stays at land is respire through lungs but when it goes into water, it
respires through its moist skin. Animal B has specific organs to respire in the water
which is not found in any other water animal. While animal C is a water animal which
respires through nostrils and lungs. Now give the name of animal A, B and C.
11. Observe the given figures carefully and answer the following questions:
 BRAIN TEASERS

 Smoking affects the lungs of the people who smoke as well as the people who live near
them. Explore “active” and “passive” smoking. Find out ill effects of smoking.

CHAPTER – 13
MOTION AND TIME
Month - August
CONCEPT MAP
 BEYOND THE TEXT

Simple pendulum:

SECTION A

I. Choose the correct option:

1. Which unit of length will you use to express the distance between New Delhi and
Agra?
a) m b) km c) cm d) dm
 2. 6.2 km is equal to
a) 6200 cm b) 620 cm c) 62 m d) 620000 cm
3. 1.45 m is equal to
a) 145 mm b) 14500 mm c) 1450 mm d) 145000 mm.
4. Which measuring device will you use to measure the width of a tree?
a) Divider b) Ruler c) Measuring tape d) All the above
5. A truck travels 840 km using 60 litres of diesel. What is the fuel consumption of the
truck?
a) 14 km per litre b) 14 litre per km
c) 140 km per litre d) 140 litre per km
6. A man runs 10 km in 30 min. What is his speed per hour?
a) 5kmh−1 b) 10kmh−1
c) 15kmh−1 d) 20 km h−1
7. Which of the following shows motion in a straight line?
a) A bullet shot from a gun b) A tree swaying
c) Child on a merry-go-round d) The motion of strings in a
guitar
8. Which of the following is given incorrectly
a) Speedometer : Speed b) Odometer : Odour
b) Anemometer : Wind speed d) Stopwatch : Time
9. Study the given distance-time graph for three cars P, Q and R in a race. Which of
the three cars win the race?

a) Car P b) Car Q c) Car R d) Both Q and R

10. A spin drier spins at a rate of 600 revolutions per minute. How many revolutions
would it make in 1 minute 20 seconds?
a) 600 b) 800 c) 900 d) 1000

II. Give one word

a) The resting position of the bob of pendulum.
b) Total distance covered by body in unit time.
c) To & fro motion of the bob about its mean position.
d) Any motion that repeats itself after regular time intervals.
e) Name any three ancient time measuring devices.

________________________ ______________________ ________________________

SECTION B

III. Assertion - Reason Questions :

Note: Read the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) statements carefully and mark the correct
option out of the following options:
 a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) Both A and R are false.

1. Assertion: Position-time graph of a stationary object is a straight line parallel to time

axis.
Reason: For a stationary object, position does not change with time. Ans: ________

2. Assertion: The speed of a body can be negative.

Reason: If the body is moving in the opposite direction of positive motion, then its
speed is negative. Ans: ________

SECTION C

II. Answer the following questions:

1. A boy is riding a bicycle in a park. Distance travelled by the boy with time is given in
the table below. Plot the distance time graph and name the type of motion.

S. No. Distance travelled (m) Time taken (s)

1. 5 10

2. 10 20

3 15 30

4. 20 40

2. Differentiate between: Uniform and Non Uniform Motion

3. Convert:

a) 50 m/s into km/h

b) 40 m/s into km/h
c) 108 km/h into m/s
d) 26 km/h into m/s

4. A car is travelling from point A to D. Look at the graph and answer the following
questions.
 a) Between which points the car is stationary.
b) Between which points the car travels fastest.
c) How long does the car stop for rest?
d) How long does the car take to reach the point D from point A?
5. If Boojho covers a certain distance in one hour and Paheli covers the same distance in
two hours, who travels at a higher speed?
6. What are quartz clocks?

BRAIN TEASERS

 The distance time graphs of two cars A and B are shown in figure. Which of
the two is moving at higher speed? Justify your answer.

B
Distance

Time

 Light travels with a speed of 3 × 108 m/sec. How long does the light take from
the sun which is 15 × 1011 m away?

CHAPTER-12

Chapter – 12
REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS
Month – October
CONCEPT MAP

BEYOND THE TEXT

Fertilization
 Stigma of the flower secretes sugary substances.
  As the pollen grains from the stamen fall on the stigma, they recognise the sugary
substance and germinate to produce a structure called as pollen tube.
 Pollen tube grows in size through style to reach the egg in the ovary.
 As it reaches the ovule, the tip of the tube opens and releases male gametes to fertilize
the egg cell.
 A male gamete and a female gamete fuse to produce a zygote - single cell.
 Zygote develops into an embryo.
 Fertilized ovary becomes a fruit.
 The ovule develops into a seed.

Binary fission in amoeba

SECTION A

I. Choose the correct option:

1. Yeast reproduces by
a) Budding b) Spore formation
c) Vegetative propagation d) Sexual reproduction
2. Zygote is related to which mode of reproduction?
a) Sexual reproduction b) Asexual reproduction
c) Spore formation d) Vegetative propagation
3. Which of the following parts of plant take part in sexual reproduction?
a) Leaf b) Branch
c) Flower d) Root
4. The fusion of male and female gametes is
a) ovulation b) population
c) pollination d) fertilization
5. Which among the following have hairs on seed?
a) Drumstick b) Cotton
c) Aak d) Maple
6. Which among the following do not reproduce by vegetative reproduction?
a) Wheat b) Sugarcane
c) Rose d) Jasmine
7. The mode of vegetative reproduction where scion and stock are used is called
a) budding b) grafting
c) cutting d) layering
8. The female gamete of a flowering plant is present in which part?
a) Ovules b) Buds
 c) Pollen d) Anther
9. Seeds of drumstick and maple are carried to long distances by wind because they
possess
a) winged seeds b) large and hairy seeds
c) long and ridged fruits d) spiny seeds
10. Lila observed that a pond with clear water was covered up with green algae within a
week. By which method of reproduction did the algae spread so rapidly?
a) Budding b) Sexual reproduction
c) Fragmentation d) Pollination

SECTION B

II. Assertion-Reason Questions:

Note: Read the Assertion (A) and Reason(R) statements carefully and mark the correct
option out of the following options:
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of the A.
b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of the A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) Both A and R are false.

1. Assertion: A stamen has 2 parts.

Reason: Filament and anther are parts of a stamen. Ans: ________

2. Assertion: Seeds are product of sexual reproduction in plants.

Reason: Seeds are not products in potatoes. Ans: ________

3. Assertion: Moringa seeds have wings.

Reason: Moringa seeds are dispersed by wind. Ans: ________

4. Assertion: Spores are reproductive structures in some fungi plants. Ans: ________
Reason: Spores have thick walls to survive unfavorable conditions.

5. Assertion: Hydra is green coloured. Ans: ________

Reason: Green colour is due to the presence of chlorophyll in their body wall.

SECTION C

III. Label the diagram given below:

IV. Answer the following questions:

1. Draw neat and well labelled diagrams of:

 a) Budding in Yeast b) Fertilisation Process c) Self and Cross Pollination
2. What do you think will happen if all seeds of a plant were to fall at the same place and
grow there?

3. Coconut is a large and heavy fruit. How is it adapted for dispersal by water?
4. One morning, as Sneha strolled in her garden she noticed many small plants, which
were not there a week ago. She wondered, where they had come from as nobody had
planted them there. Explain the reason for the growth of these plants.
5. The process of layering is commonly used in jasmine for reproduction. Explain how
this process of layering is performed in jasmine.
6. Insects are called agents of pollination. How do they aid in the process of pollination?

BRAIN TEASER

 One morning, Aadya strolled in her garden. She noticed many small plants which were not
there a week ago. She wondered where they had come from as nobody had planted them
there. Can you explain the reason for the growth of these plants?

CHAPTER – 3
FIBRE TO FABRIC
Month – October
CONCEPT MAP
BEYOND THE TEXT
LIFE HISTORY OF SILK MOTH

SECTION A
 I. Choose the correct option:
1. Silk and wool fibres are made of
a) Fats b) Proteins c) Carbohydrates d) All of these
2. From which of the following sheep do we obtain carpet wool?
a) Marwari sheep b) Merino sheep c) Lohi sheep d) Nali sheep
3. The term sericulture is used for
a) culture of bacteria
b) rearing of silkworm
c) making silk fabric from silk yarn
d) production of sarees
4. Selective breeding is a process of
a) selecting the offsprings with desired properties
b) selecting the parents with desired properties
c) selecting an area for breeding
d) selecting fine hair for good quality wool
5. Reeling of silk is
a) a process of making silk reels
b) spinning of silk fibres
c) weaving of silk cloth
d) the process of taking silk threads from cocoon

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. Angora wool is obtained from _______________________________.
2. _________________________ and __________________________ are the two types of camels which
give us wool.
3. Sheep feeds on _____________________, ___________________ and _______________________.
4. Workers working in wool industry suffer from __________________________________________.
5. ________________________________ leads the world in wool production.

III. Name the following:

1. Any two fibres obtained from animals.______________________ ____________________
2. Four animals that give us wool. ____________ _____________ ______________ __________
3. The two types of fibres that form fleece of sheep. ________________ _______________
4. Microorganism responsible for causing a fatal blood disease – sorter’s disease in
workers involved in wool industry. ________________________________
5. Breed of sheep that gives brown fleece. ____________________________
6. Quality of wool obtained from Marwari. ___________________________________
7. The state where the following breed of sheep are found.
a) Bakharwal _________________________________________________
b) Patanwadi _________________________________________________
c) Lohi _________________________________________________

SECTION B
IV. Assertion-Reason Questions:
Note: Read the Assertion (A) and Reason(R) statements carefully and mark the correct option
out of the following options:

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of the A.

b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of the A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) Both A and R is false.

1. Assertion: Animal activists are against silk production.

Reason: During silk production, cocoons are boiled in hot water or treated in ovens to
kill the larvae inside. If the larvae are not killed, they will break the cocoon,
thereby reducing the length of silk fibre. Ans: ________

2. Assertion: The job of sorters in the wool industry is very risky.

Reason: In the wool Industry, sometimes sorters get infected by bacteria which causes
a deadly blood disease called ‘Sorter’s disease’. Ans: ________

3. Assertion: Smell of burning wool and silk is similar.

Reason: Both wool and silk are made up of animal protein. Ans: ________

4. Assertion: Woollen clothes keep us warm in winter.

Reason: Animals living in the mountain regions have a thick coat of fur on their body.
Ans: ________

5. Assertion: Shearing does not cause any pain to the sheep.

Reason: Shearing does not hurt the sheep because the uppermost layer of the skin of
sheep is dead. Ans: ________

SECTION C

1. Write and explain briefly the different steps involved in wool production.
2. Removal of sheep wool is called shearing. Shearing is done in early summers and not in
winters.
a) Why is shearing done in early summers?
b) Which value does this act show?
3. If we burn a silk fibre, it gives a smell of burning hair. Why?
4. Steps for the production of silk are given below in a jumbled order.
Arrange them in their proper sequence.
a) Eggs are warmed to a suitable temperature for the larvae to hatch from eggs.
b) Fibres are taken out from the cocoon.
c) After 25 to 30 days, the caterpillars stop eating and start spinning cocoons.
d) The larvae/caterpillars or silkworms are kept in clean trays along with freshly
chopped mulberry leaves.
e) Female silk moths lay eggs.
f) Cocoons are kept under the sun or boiled in water.

5. Identify the processes shown in the pictures given below:

 A. _______________________ B. ________________________

C. ___________________________________

BRAIN TEASER

 How do fibres react to chemicals such as dyes, pigments, soaps,

detergents and bleaches?

2. Why separate detergents are used to wash woollens?

 CHAPTER – 6
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Month – November
CONCEPT MAP

BEYOND THE TEXT

TYPES OF REACTIONS:
 SECTION A

I. Choose the correct option:

1. Which of the following is a physical change?
a) Rusting of iron b) Combustion of magnesium ribbon
c) Burning of candle d) Melting of wax
2. Example of a chemical change is
a) Twinkling of stars b) Cooking of vegetables
c) Cutting of fruits d) Melting of wax
3. A chemical change may involve
a) Change in colour only b) Change in temperature only
c) Evolution of gas only d) Any/all of these

II. Name the following:

1. Common name of copper sulphate.
2. The gas evolved when vinegar is reacted with baking soda.
3. Any three alloys from your daily life.
4. Two factors which cause rusting.
5. An example of a chemical change in which there is a change of colour.

SECTION B

III. Assertion – Reason Questions:

Note: Read the Assertion (A) and Reason(R) statements carefully and mark the correct
option out of the following options:

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) Both A and R are false.

1. Assertion: Lime water turns milky on passing carbon dioxide gas into it.
Reason: CO2 reacts with lime water and forms calcium carbonate. Ans: ________

2. Assertion: Bubbles are produced when acetic acid is added to a solution

of sodium hydrogen carbonate.
Reason: Bubbles are the indication of the gas released. Ans: ________

3. Assertion: Stainless steel does not rust.

Reason: Stainless steel is an alloy. Ans: ________

SECTION C

IV. Answer the following questions:

1. LPG in a gas cylinder is in the form of liquid. Which physical and chemical changes
occur when it comes out of the cylinder and burns?
2. Food items like apples if cut and exposed to air, become brownish. Why?
 3. What do you observe when you mix vinegar and baking soda? Write word equation
also.
4. A magnesium strip is burnt. The ash obtained is dissolved in water. What kind of
changes are these?
5. Iron pillar near Qutub Minar in Delhi is famous for not developing rust on it. Find out
the reasons behind it.

V. Circle the odd one out from the following sets with reason:
1. Souring of milk, burning of a candle, melting of ice, ripening of fruits.
Reason : ____________________________________________________________________
2. New substances, change of shape, irreversible, permanent.
Reason : ____________________________________________________________________
3. Evaporation of water to form clouds, bursting of a cracker, baking of a cake,
germination of seeds.
Reason : ____________________________________________________________________

4. Tearing a paper, writing on a paper, making paper boats from a piece of paper,
burning a paper.
Reason : ____________________________________________________________________

5. Breaking a glass, photosynthesis of plants, making milk shakes, switching the fan.
Reason : ____________________________________________________________________

BRAIN TEASERS

 Why should we not put pickles in metal containers?

 When you buy a new water bottle, you find a little pouch of silica gel
inside. Why is it kept in a water bottle? Can you use it at other places also?
 Chapter – 11
TRANSPORTATION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS

Month – November
CONCEPT MAP

BEYOND THE TEXT

NEPHRON - These are coiled tubes present in each kidney. These act as filters and remove harmful
substances (urea, waste salts etc) from the blood.
 SECTION A

I. Choose the correct option:

1. The muscular tube through which stored urine is passed out of the body is called
a) kidney b) ureter c) urethra d) urinary bladder
2. Which among the following contain haemoglobin?
a) Red blood cells b) White blood cells c) Both a) and b) d) None of these
3. They are pipe-like consisting of a group of specialised cells. They transport substances
and form a two-way traffic in plants. Which of the following terms qualifies for the features
mentioned above?
a) Xylem tissue b) Vascular tissue c) Root hairs d) Phloem tissue
4. The organ which controls the blood circulation in body is
a) Liver b) Lungs c) Heart d) Kidneys
5. The absorption of nutrients and exchange of respiratory gases between blood and tissues
takes place in
a) veins b) arteries c) heart d) capillaries
6. A certain type of cells, helps in destruction of disease causing microorganisms called
a) thrombocytes b) white blood cells c) osteocytes d) red blood cells
7. In which of the following parts of human body are sweat glands absent
a) Scalp b) Armpits c) Lips d) Palms
8. The lower chambers of heart is called
a) atria b) ventricle c) aorta d) vena cava
9. Aquatic animals like fish excrete their wastes in gaseous form as
a) oxygen b) hydrogen c) ammonia d) nitrogen
10. The filtration of blood is done by
a) heart b) kidney c) blood d) urethra
11. In a tall tree which force is responsible for pulling water and minerals from the soil?
a) Gravitational force b) Transportation force c) Suction force d) Conduction force
12. Transport of water in plants takes place through
a) xylem b) vascular bundle c) phloem d) None of these

SECTION B

II. Assertion-Reason Questions:

Note: Read the Assertion and Reason statements carefully and mark the correct option out of the
following options:

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) Both A and R are false.

1. Assertion: Arteries are thick walled and elastic in nature.

Reason: Arteries have to transport blood away from heart. Ans: ________
2. Assertion: The purpose of making urine is to filter out undigested food from intestine.
Reason: Kidneys filter the waste and produce urine. Ans: ________

3. Assertion: The rhythmic beating of various chambers of the heart maintain circulation of
blood.
Reason: Pulse rate per minute indicates the rate of heartbeat. Ans: ________

4. Assertion: Several droplets of water are seen on the edges of leaves of roses in the
morning.
Reason: We give water to rose plants and some water falls on the leaves. Ans: ________

5. Assertion: Heart is a tissue which acts as a pump.

Reason: Heart is roughly the size of your fist. Ans: ________

SECTION C

III. Complete the flow chart showing circulatory system:

IV. Answer the following

1. Differentiate between
a) Arteries and Veins b) Xylem and Phloem
2. Define Transpiration. How is it important to the plants?
3. How does root hair help in absorption of water and minerals by the plants?
4. The major function of the arteries is to carry to oxygenated blood throughout the
body and that of veins is to carry deoxygenated blood from body parts to heart for
purification. There is one artery that carries deoxygenated blood and one vein that
carries oxygenated blood. Name the artery and the vein.
BRAIN TEASERS

 Name the diseases caused due to the abnormal counts of red blood cells and white
blood cells.
 Do all the animals have red colored blood? Discuss your answer.

CHAPTER – 15
 LIGHT
Month – December
CONCEPT MAP

BEYOND THE TEXT

TERMS RELATED TO SPHERICAL MIRRORS

 Centre of Curvature (C) - The centre of the sphere of which the spherical
mirror is a part is called the Centre of Curvature (C) of the spherical mirror.
 Pole (P) - The centre of the reflecting surface of a spherical mirror is called
its Pole.
 Principal Axis- The imaginary line passing through the centre of curvature
(C) and the Pole (P) of a spherical mirror is called Principal axis of the mirror.
 Principal Focus (F) - The Principal Focus (F) of a spherical mirror is the
point on the principal axis at which parallel rays of light after getting reflected
by a mirror meet or appears to meet.
 Focal Length (f)- The distance between Pole (P) and focus (F) of a spherical
mirror is called its focal length.
 Radius of Curvature (R) - The distance between the Centre of curvature (C)
and Pole (P) of the mirror is called the Radius of Curvature (R) of the
spherical mirror.
 SECTION A

I. Choose the correct option:

1. Which one of the following statements is true?
a) A plane mirror sometimes forms an inverted image.
b) A concave mirror always forms a virtual, erect and diminished image.
c) A concave lens always forms a virtual, erect and diminished image.
d) All of the above
2. What causes the formation of shadows?
a) Rectilinear propagation of light
b) Curvilinear propagation of light
c) Total internal reflection
d) Refraction
3. Identify the nature of light emitted from a torchlight.
a) Convergent b) Divergent
c) Parallel d) Irregular
4. Why can't we see anything in a dark room?
a) Everything is black in color.
b) Our eyes do not work in darkness.
c) No light reaches our eyes.
d) All the light gets scattered.
5. Which of the following is used by an E.N.T. doctor?
a) Convex mirror b) Convex lens
c) Plane mirror d) Concave mirror
6. If the angle of incidence is 50∘, what is the angle between the incident ray and the
reflected ray?
a) 50∘ b) 100∘ c) 130∘ d) 80∘
7. Which of the following are used in projectors?
a) Concave lens b) Convex mirrors
c) Plane mirrors d) Convex lens
8. What kind of an image is always produced by a convex mirror?
a) An erect, virtual and diminished image
b) An erect, real and diminished image
c) An erect, real and enlarged image
d) A virtual, erect and enlarged image

SECTION B
II. Assertion-Reason Questions:
Note: Read the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) statements carefully and mark the correct
option out of the following options:

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) Both A and R are false.

1. Assertion: The size of the mirror affects the nature of the image.
Reason: Small mirrors always forms a virtual image. Ans: ________

2. Assertion: We cannot produce a real image by plane or convex mirrors under any
circumstances.
Reason: The focal length of a convex mirror is always taken as positive. Ans: ________

3. Assertion: The images formed by total internal reflections are much brighter than those
formed by mirrors or lenses.
Reason: There is no loss of intensity in total internal reflection. Ans: ________

4. Assertion: All the materials always have the same color, whether viewed by reflected
light or through transmitted light.
Reason: The color of material does not depend on nature of light. Ans: ________

5. Assertion: If objective and eye lenses of a microscope are interchanged then it can work
as telescope.
Reason: The objective of telescope has small focal length. Ans: ________

SECTION C
[Link] the following questions:
1. How will you distinguish between a convex lens and a concave lens by feeling them
with your finger?
2. When a Newton’s disc is rotated at a high speed, why does the disc appear white?
3. Which types of mirrors are used in making a kaleidoscope? On what principle does it
work?
4. Observe the following diagrams and answer the given questions:

a) Identify lens A and B. Write one use of each.

b) Which properties of these lenses are shown in the above diagram?
 5. Observe the given diagram and answer the followed questions:

a) What do the following points represent in the given diagram?

(i)) P (ii) F (iii) C
b) What type of mirror is shown in the given diagram?
c) Write the position, nature and size of image formed?
6. Apart from rainbow where else we can see seven colours of sunlight?
7. Take a glass prism. Allow a narrow beam of sunlight to pass through a small
hole in the window of a dark room to fall on one face of the prism, what will
happen to the light?
8. What makes things visible to us?

BRAIN TEASERS

 Whenever there is a 90o turn between two roads, convex mirrors are used. Explain why?
 Why are danger signals red in colour?
 CHAPTER – 7
WEATHER, CLIMATE AND ADAPTATIONS OF ANIMALS

Month – December
BEYOND THE TEXT

SECTION A

I. Choose the correct option:

1. An animal found in desert

a) Penguin
b) Frog
c) Camel
d) Polar bear
2. Blubber is a layer of fat below the skin in some animals to
a) Protect from heat
b) Protect from extreme cold
c) Provide food during unfavorable condition
d) Protect the internal organ from injury.
3. Which one is not an adaptation of camel for desert condition
a) It excretes very little of urine and dry dung.
b) It perspires a lot to keep the body cool
c) Its feet are broad with paddy soles
d) It has hump which stores fat
 II. Fill in the blanks:

1. Rainfall is measured by an instrument called ________________________.

2. The four main elements of weather are_________________________, _________________,
__________________________, &__________________________.
3. ________________is the primary source of energy that causes changes in weather.
4. _________________ is the weather conditions of a place over a long period of time.
5. The scientists who study & forecast weather are called ________________________.
6. Minimum temperature of the day is likely to occur during ______________________ while
maximum temperature is likely to occur during _______________________.

III. Categorise the following:

1. Places as polar regions / tropical rainforests- Indonesia, Canada, Greenland, Iceland,

Norway, India, Alaska, Congo, Kenya, Siberia, Uganda, Nigeria
2. Animals as polar animals/ tropical animals/ migratory birds- Lion, Reindeer, Musk
oxen, Red eyed frog, Beard ape, Seal, Whale, Siberian crane, snake, leopard, Arctic
tern, Elephant

IV. Unscramble the following words using the hints given against them.

1. MATLICE (Hint: weather pattern in a region over a period of time)

2. AROPL (Hint: coolest region on earth)
3. TREHMEOMRET (Hint: used to measure temperature)
4. UHIDYTMI (Hint: feature of weather)

V. Name the following

1. An instrument used to measure rainfall.

2. The thermometer used to record maximum and minimum temperature.
3. Two animals living in Polar Regions.
4. Two animals living in tropical regions.
Two animals with ability to camouflage with the surroundings.

SECTION B
VI. Assertion – Reason Questions:
Note: Read the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) statements carefully and mark the correct
option out of the following options:
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) Both A and R are false.

1. Assertion: The Tropical Rainforest has a large population of animals.

Reason: Hot and humid climate suit the survival of animals. Ans: ________
 2. Assertion: It is always difficult to predict weather rather than predicting climate of an
area. Ans: ________
Reason: Weather keeps on changes frequently as depends on several factors.

3. Assertion: Penguins group together and live in huddles.

Reason: Huddles keep them warm. Ans: ________

4. Assertion: Polar bear moves slowly.

Reason: It prevents quick exhaustion. Ans: ________

SECTION C
VII. Answer the following questions:

1. Write the adaptive features of polar bear and penguin which,

2. Identify the given animals and briefly explain how these animals have adapted
themselves to live in a particular climate.

Figure A Figure B

BRAIN TEASERS

 When do you expect wet clothes to dry faster – in dry weather or in humid weather?
Give reason.
 Can you grow coconut plants in Shimla? Support your answer with reason.
 CHAPTER – 18
WASTE WATER STORY

Month – September
BEYOND THE TEXT

Black Water -The waste water from toilets is often referred to as Black water.
Grey Water-The waste water from toilets and kitchens is called Grey water.
Industrial effluent–The industrial waste water is known as industrial effluent.
Eutrophication-Presence of excessive nutrients (water soluble phosphates and nitrates) in a
lake or other water bodies causes a dense growth of algae and other water plants, known as
eutrophication.

Hazards of untreated sewage

 Animals and Birds that go in oil contaminated water are harmed. The birds die from
exposure to cold water and air due to damaged oil soaked feather.
 If water soluble radioactive compounds are discharged without treatment it can cause
cancer, birth defects and genetic disorders.
 The suspended sediments, cause depletion in the water’s light absorption and spread
harmful compounds such as pesticides through the water.
Wetlands -Natural wetlands are used as an alternative for sewage treatment. They have
bacteria, worms and protozoans which act on organic matter. They also have grasses and
reeds which can filter out many pollutants.

Low-cost onsite sewage disposal systems –

 Septic Tanks
Septic tanks are suitable for places such as hospitals, isolated buildings and clusters of
houses where there is no sewage. Local governments or private corporations usually
provide septic tanks in areas that have no direct connection to main sewage pipes. The
septic tank system consists of a small sewage treatment system.

 Chemical Toilets
Aero planes and trains usually have chemical toilets. A chemical toilet uses chemicals to
disinfect human waste and remove its bad odour. That is why trains and aero planes do
not have elaborate plumbs and sewage.

 Composting Toilets
Another method of clearing human waste is by the process of composting pits. A
composting toilet is a system that converts human waste into organic compost and
usable soil. This happens when micro-organisms, such as bacteria and fungi, and macro-
organisms, such as earthworms, oxidise organic waste to break it down into essential
minerals.
 WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT (WWTP)

BIO GAS PLANT

SECTION A

I. Choose the correct option:

1. Wastewater is called
a) sewage b) sewer c) sewerage d) sludge
2. The light materials which float during wastewater treatment is
a) scum b) sewer c) sludge d) sewage
3. Which of the following is/are products of wastewater treatment?
a) Biogas b) Sludge c) Both biogas and sludge (d) Aerator
4. Open drain system is a breeding place for which of the following.
a) Flies b) Mosquitoes c) Organisms which cause diseases d) All of these
5. Which of the following is not a source of waste water?
a) Sewers b) Homes c) Industries d) Hospitals
II. Fill in the blanks:
1. Waste water is treated in a ___________________________.
2. The sludge is decomposed by _______________________ bacteria.
 3. ________________________ and contaminated drinking water is the cause of a large number
of diseases.
4. The process of waste water treatment is known as __________________________.
5. Sewage is a ___________________________________ waste.
6. The activated sludge is about __________________________ % water.
7. The suspended impurities dissolved in swage are called _______________________.

III. Give one word

1. Domestic waste water.

2. Industrial and commercial waste.
3. System of sewerage in rural areas.
4. These organisms treat sewage in composting pits.

IV. Name the following:

1. Any four organic impurities present in sewage.

2. The gas produced during anaerobic decomposition of sludge.
3. Some diseases caused by untreated sewage.
4. Various types of contaminants present in sewage.

SECTION B

IV. Assertion - Reason Questions:

Note: Read the Assertion (A) and Reason(R) statements carefully and mark the correct
option out of the following options:

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) Both A and R are false.

1. Assertion: Untreated waste water should not be released into rivers.

Reason: Thermal industries often spill warm water in the water bodies
that decreases its oxygen content. It also leads to a rise in
temperature of water which is not suitable for aquatic animals.
Ans: ________

2. Assertion: The clarified water is moved to an aerator that pumps air into it.
Reason: The aerobic bacteria consume organic waste, soaps, food waste
and other elements that remain in the clarified water. Ans: ________

3. Assertion: Chemical toilet is a low cost onsite sewage disposal system.

Reason: Untreated human excreta is not a health hazard. Ans: ________
 SECTION C

V. Answer the following:

1. What are the advantages of septic tanks?

2. Draw a schematic flow diagram of sewage disposal plant in a city.
3. A mixture (x) in water contains suspended solids, organic impurities, inorganic
impurities (a), nutrients (b), disease causing bacteria and other microbes. Give names
for (x), (a) and (b)?
4. A man travelling in a train threw an empty packet of food on the platform. Do you
think this is a proper waste disposal method? Elaborate.
5. Why should we not throw
a) used tea leaves into sink?
b) cooking oil and fats down the drain?

BRAIN TEASERS

 What is Eutrophication?
 Normally a river is able to cleanse itself. Do you know how?
 In what ways can the sludge obtained be made useful?
 CHAPTER – 8
WINDS, STORMS AND CYCLONES

Month – January
CONCEPT MAP

BEYOND THE TEXT

Atmospheric pressure: The atmospheric pressure is the air pressure which is exerted by
the weight of air present in the atmosphere above us. The magnitude of atmospheric
pressure is very large. As we go to higher altitudes, the atmospheric pressure goes on
decreasing. Atmospheric pressure acts in all directions: downwards, sideways and even
upwards.
 SECTION A

I. Choose the correct option:

1. In India, monsoon wind blows in south west direction in (summer/winter).

2. In winter, the direction of wind is from (land to ocean/ocean to land).
3. A cyclone watch is issued (24/48) hours in advance of any expected storm.
4. (Thunderstorms/tornadoes) are frequent in India.

II. Give one-word answer for the following:

1. An instrument used for measuring the speed of the wind.

2. A dark funnel shaped cloud that reaches from the sky to the ground.
3. The formation of a very low pressure system with very high speed wind revolving
around it.
4. A scientist who studies about weather.

SECTION B

III. Assertion – Reason Questions:

Note: Read the Assertion (A) and Reason(R) statements carefully and mark the correct
option out of the following options:
 a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) Both A and R are false.

1. Assertion: Kuccha roofs of huts get blown off during a thunderstorm.

Reason: High speed winds creates low pressure above the roofs. Ans: ________

2. Assertion: It is advisable not to shut all the doors and windows during a storm.
Reason: During a storm high speed winds are dangerous. Ans: ________

3. Assertion: It is very difficult to ride a bicycle against the direction of wind.

Reason: Wind exerts pressure. Ans: ________

4. Assertion: We should not take shelter under an umbrella with a metallic handle
during a thunderstorm.
Reason: Metallic handle is made of conductor and can catch electric current.
Ans: ________

5. Assertion: A rubber sucker pressed on a smooth surface gets stuck to the surface.
Reason: Atmospheric pressure do not allow rubber sucker to fall. Ans: ________

SECTION C

IV. Answer the following questions:

1. Describe an activity to show that: a) Air exerts pressure. b) Increased wind speed leads
to reduced air pressure.
2. List the precautions that should be taken during a thunderstorm.
3. Explain the following diagram- ‘Can you guess why the shape of the can gets
distorted?’

BRAIN TEASER

 To expel hot air out of the kitchen, ‘A’ has an exhaust fan fitted on the window of her
kitchen and ‘B’ has a similar exhaust fan fitted on the wall near the ceiling of her
kitchen. Which of the exhaust fan will expel the hot air more effectively? Explain why?
 Chapter – 9
SOIL
Month – January
CONCEPT MAP

PROPERTIES OF SOIL PARTICLES:

 SECTION A

I. Choose the correct option:

1. B-horizon is also called as
a) Topsoil b) Subsoil c) Parent rock d) Substratum
2. The microorganisms present in the soil require moisture (water) and nutrients for growth
and survival. Choose from the options below, the habitat (place) where the soil has plenty
of water and nutrients.
a) Desert b) Forest c) Open field d) Cricket ground
3. Humus helps in making soil
a) thick b) hard c) porous d) dead
4. Availability of water and minerals in the soil for maximum absorption by roots is in the
a) B-horizon b) C-horizon c) A-horizon d) Surface of soil
5. Manure is added into the soil to increase its
a) water holding capacity b) to increase size of soil particle
c) to make soil well aerated d) to drain water from it
6. The soil that can be moulded into any shape is
a) silt b) sandy c) loamy d) clayey
7. Soil conservation measures are mainly aimed at protecting which of the following?
a) Plants b) Topsoil c) Subsoil d) Soil organisms
8. Percolation rate is measured in unit
a) mL/min b) min/mL c) lit/min d) mL/sec
9. During hot summer days the air above the soil
a) shimmers b) condense c) becomes dull d) percolates
10. Soil absorbs water due to its
a) compactness b) porosity c) hardness d) dryness

SECTION B

II. Assertion-Reason Questions:

Note: Read the Assertion (A) and Reason(R) statements carefully and mark the correct
option out of the following options:

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of the A.

b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of the A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) Both A and R is false.

1. Assertion: Excessive use of chlorinated synthetic pesticides causes soil and water
pollution.
Reason: Such pesticides are non-biodegradable. Ans: _______

2. Assertion: Mosses prevent soil erosion. Ans: _______

Reason: Mosses form dense mats on the soil, they reduce the impact of falling rain

3. Assertion: Soil erosion is essentially man-made phenomenon.

Reason: Soil erosion is caused due to deforestation, overgrazing, shifting cultivation
and improperly constructed terrace outlets. Ans: _______
 4. Assertion: Cotton is grown in alluvial soils.
Reason: Alluvial soils are very fertile. Ans: _______

5. Assertion: Earthworms are not good for agriculture. Ans: _______

Reason: Earthworms break down the soil into fine particles and make it soft.

SECTION C

III. Name the following:

1. Dead and rotting remains of plants and animals
2. Type of soil having largest size of particles.
3. Darkest layer of soil
4. An organism that lives in soil
5. Breaking down of small particles by action of air
or wind
6. Soil that can hold much water but is not well
aerated
7. Most fertile soil.
8. Some of the pollutants of soil.
9. Layer that lies beneath C-horizon.
10. Kind of soil used for making pottery.

IV. Write the name of zones O, A, B and C in the given

diagram of soil profile.

V. Answer the following Questions:

1. Is it a good practice to remove grass and small plants that are growing in an open, unused
field? Give reason to support your answer.
2. Why is soil erosion relatively less in dense forests as compared to barren, open fields?
3. Gardeners gently dig up the soil around the roots of garden herbs (plants) frequently. Give
reasons.
4. The raw and baked soil differs from each other. How they are different? How can you
prepare matkas from soil?
5. A soil sample having mass of 200 g was taken from garden. This soil was dried completely
in the oven and again weight. The weight of the soil now was found to be 170 g. Calculate the
percentage of water or moisture content present in the sample soil.