BIOLOGY Cambridge IGCSE 0610 2023-2025
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BIOLOGY Cambridge IGCSE 0610 2023-2025
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BIOLOGY Cambridge IGCSE 0610 2023-2025
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BIOLOGY Cambridge IGCSE 0610 2023-2025
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MRS/GEHAN RAMADAN +966566694597
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136
BIOLOGY Cambridge IGCSE 0610 2023-2025
&
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BIOLOGY Cambridge IGCSE 0610 2023-2025
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BIOLOGY Cambridge IGCSE 0610 2023-2025
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BIOLOGY Cambridge IGCSE 0610 2023-2025
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BIOLOGY Cambridge IGCSE 0610 2023-2025
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BIOLOGY Cambridge IGCSE 0610 2023-2025
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BIOLOGY Cambridge IGCSE 0610 2023-2025
Summery
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BIOLOGY Cambridge IGCSE 0610 2023-2025
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BIOLOGY Cambridge IGCSE 0610 2023-2025
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BIOLOGY Cambridge IGCSE 0610 2023-2025
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BIOLOGY Cambridge IGCSE 0610 2023-2025
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BIOLOGY Cambridge IGCSE 0610 2023-2025
Arteries carry blood away from the heart towards the tissues. They carry
oxygena blood except pulmonary artery which carries deoxygenated
blood.,
• This blood is under high pressure as it is being pumped along by the heart
•1- they have thick outer wall made up collagen. to withstand high pressure
•2-They have narrow lumen which maintains a high pressure and ensures
the flows quickly to all parts of the body.
• 3-Arteries do not have valves as blood moving inside it under high
pressure..
4-Elastic fibers to stretch (expand)and recoil (become
narrower)with the force of blood to even out the blood flow
maintained under high pessure
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Veins carry blood back to the heart from the tissues. They carry
deoxygenated blood except pulmonary vein which carries oxygenated
blood
1-Thin wall : as blood is flowing under low pressure.
2-wide lumen than arteries and have much thinner walls, to reduce
resistance to the blood flow because blood pressure is low..
•3-They do not have elastic walls as the blood pressure is low.
4-They have Valves to prevent back flow of blood
Why blood is flowing in veins under low pressure ?
As they receive blood coming from capillaries ..so blood has already lost
its pressure , in addition it has wide lumen
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Capillary
allow exchange of substances (nutrients -gases-wastes ) between blood and
tissue
1.- Very thin walls (just one cell thick) and very small lumen
- thin walls decrease the distance of diffusion therefore capillaries help in
exchange of gases, nutrients and waste between the blood and the tissues very
easily
2. The speed of blood flow is slow which allows enough time for diffusion of
gases’nutrients andwastes happen.
3-The lumen is very narrow which is just wide enough to squeeze an RBC
through Pors
4-They have Pores which allow water and nutrients to move out
5. Capillaries join arterioles to venules therefore link arteries to veins.
6-highly branched to provide large surface area
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2
1 (a) Fig. 1.1 is a simplified diagram of the circulatory system in humans.
A
F
Y
E B
C
D
other organs
Fig. 1.1
(i) State the letter from Fig. 1.1 that represents the blood vessel that contains blood with the
highest concentration of oxygen.
B
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) State the letter from Fig. 1.1 that represents the hepatic portal vein.
C
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) State all the letters from Fig. 1.1 that represent arteries.
A,D,E
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
© UCLES 2023 0610/42/F/M/23
3
(iv) Explain the importance of the part labelled Y in Fig. 1.1.
...........................................................................................................................................
separates the left side and the right side of the heart
...........................................................................................................................................
So...........................................................................................................................................
deoxygenated blood and oxygenated blood remain
separate
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(v) State the evidence from Fig. 1.1 that the diagram shows a double circulation system.
blood flows through the heart twice in one complete
...........................................................................................................................................
circuit of the body
...........................................................................................................................................
pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2023 0610/42/F/M/23 [Turn over
4
(b) Fig. 1.2 shows the pressure of blood flowing through different blood vessels as it travels
around the body. (Venules are narrow vessels that connect capillaries to veins.)
18
16
14
12
blood 10
pressure
/ kPa 8
0
arteries X capillaries venules veins
type of blood vessel
Fig. 1.2
(i) Blood vessels X in Fig. 1.2 supply blood to skin-surface capillaries and have a role in
maintaining a constant internal temperature.
State the name of the blood vessels that are represented by the letter X in Fig. 1.2.
arterioles
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain reasons for the changes in pressure seen in the arteries in Fig. 1.2.
...........................................................................................................................................
As ventricles contract it pumping blood thorough the arteries with
...........................................................................................................................................
high pressure
...........................................................................................................................................
as ventricles relax the blood pressure in arteries will decrease '
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2023 0610/42/F/M/23
5
(iii) Using the information in Fig. 1.2, explain the structural adaptations of arteries and veins.
...........................................................................................................................................
arteries:
...........................................................................................................................................
thick wall to withstand the high blood pressure ;
...........................................................................................................................................
wall contains, muscular/elastic tissue, to stretch and recoil ; muscular /
...........................................................................................................................................
elastic, tissue maintains blood pressure
...........................................................................................................................................
narrow ...........................................................................................................................................
lumen maintains high blood pressure ;
veins: ...........................................................................................................................................
thin walls to carry blood at low pressure
...........................................................................................................................................
large lumen to provide less resistance for blood flow .at low pressur
..................................................................................................................................... [4]
large lumen to carry larger volume of blood ;
[Total: 14]
valves to prevent back flow of blood
© UCLES 2023 0610/42/F/M/23 [Turn over
BIOLOGY Cambridge IGCSE 0610 2023-2025
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BIOLOGY Cambridge IGCSE 0610 2023-2025
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BIOLOGY Cambridge IGCSE 0610 2023-2025
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BIOLOGY Cambridge IGCSE 0610 2023-2025
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BIOLOGY Cambridge IGCSE 0610 2023-2025
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BIOLOGY Cambridge IGCSE 0610 2023-2025
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BIOLOGY Cambridge IGCSE 0610 2023-2025
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