8.

6 Resistance
Ms. Batoul Alkhatib
Objectives
1. To know the definition of resistance.

2. To apply Ohm’s law

 Inquiry Question
• What is the difference between Walking through deep snow vs.
walking on a clear road?

Random Pick

Answer: Walking through deep snow is harder because the snow resists your movement,
making you use more effort. In contrast, walking on a clear road is easier because there is
little to no resistance.
Real Life Examples
1. Light bulbs

Example: the filament in a light bulb glows to produce light

Connection: the high resistance of the filament causes it to

heat up and emit light when current flows through it

2 minutes
Give real life examples you
can relate to.
Resistance
• Resistance: a measure of the opposition to the flow of current in an electrical circuit.

• SI unit: ohm (Ω)

• Resistance is calculated using the following equation:

• According the equation, with a lower resistance, a lower p.d. would be needed to give the

same current.
 Let’s Catch-Up!
Complete the following table and push it to zone 1

Term Symbol Unit Formula

Current I Ampere (A)

V (p.d)

Resistance R R = V/I

2 minutes
V, I, R Equations – Ohm’s Law

• The resistance equation can be written using symbols:

𝑉
𝑅=
𝐼
Where:
R = resistance, ohm (Ω)
V = p.d. (voltage), volt (V)
I = current, ampere (A)

The above equation can be rearranged in two ways:

1. 𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅
𝑉
2. 𝐼=
𝑅
Let’s solve together!
1. Ohm’s Law
A resistor has a potential difference of 12 V across it and a current of 2 A flowing through it.
What is the resistance of the resistor?

Steps:
• Write all the given information
V = 12 V
I=2A
• Write the formula
𝑉
𝑅=
𝐼
• Solve!
12
𝑅= =6Ω
2
Your turn!
A 9 V battery is connected to a resistor with a resistance of 3 Ω. Calculate the current flowing
through the resistor using Ohm’s Law.

Individually: 1 minute

Solve in your notebook

Check your answer:

𝑉
𝐼=
𝑅
9
𝐼 = =3𝐴
3
 Assessment
Student (1):
What is the unit of resistance?
A. Ohm (Ω) B. Ampere (A) C. Volt (V) Solve the question assigned to
you in your notebook

Student (2):
Write the definition of resistance.
2 Minutes

Student (3):
A wire has a resistance of 5 Ω and a current of 1.5 A flows
through it. What is the voltage across the wire?

Students (4+5):
A student finds that when she applies 6 V across a resistor, the current is 2 A. She then
increases the voltage to 12 V and measures the current again. Predict what the new current
will be and justify your answer using Ohm’s Law.
 Assessment - Answers
Student (1):
Vote
What is the unit of resistance?
A. Ohm (Ω) B. Ampere (A) C. Volt (V)
Check the answers

Buzz
Student (2): in
Write the definition of resistance.
a measure of the opposition to the flow of current in an electrical
circuit

Student (3):
A wire has a resistance of 5 Ω and a current of 1.5 A flows
through it. What is the voltage across the wire?
V = IR = 1.5 x 5 = 7.5Ω
Buzz
Students (4+5): in
A student finds that when she applies 6 V across a resistor, the current is 2 A. She then
increases the voltage to 12 V and measures the current again. Predict what the new current
will be and justify your answer using Ohm’s Law New current is 4 A. that current is directly
proportional to voltage
.
V, I, R Equations – Ohm’s Law
Reflection

2 minutes
2. Factors Affecting
Resistance
Inquiry Question
Why do electricians choose different types of wires for different purposes?

2 minutes
Answer: Electricians choose different wires based on resistance because wires with
lower resistance allow more current to flow easily, preventing overheating and power loss
Factors Affecting Resistance
1. Length: doubling the length of a wire doubles its resistance.

2. Cross-sectional area: halving the “end on” area of a wire doubles its

resistance. So a thin wire has more resistance than a thick one.

3. Material: a nichrome wire has more resistance than a copper wire of

the same size.

4. Temperature: for metal conductors, resistance increases with

temperature.
Give a real life example you can relate
to
Factors Affecting Resistance

Push!

1 minute
Resistance Components
▪ Resistors: are specially made to provide resistance. In simple circuits, they reduce the current
Resistors heat up when a current flows in them.
▪ Variable resistors.
▪ Thermistors.
▪ Light dependent resistors
 Assessment
Student Differentiation Question

1 What is the purpose of a resistor in a circuit?

2 What happens to a resistor when current flows through it?

How does the length of a wire affect its resistance, and

3
why?

2 minutes
Why does a thin wire have more resistance than a thick
4
wire of the same material?
 Assessment – Check Your Answers
Student Differentiation Question Answer
What is the purpose of a resistor in a A resistor is used to reduce the
1
circuit? current in a circuit.
What happens to a resistor when current The resistor heats up when
2
flows through it? current flows through it.
The resistance increases as the
How does the length of a wire affect its length of the wire increases
3
resistance, and why? because electrons face more
opposition along a longer path.
A thin wire has a smaller cross-
Why does a thin wire have more resistance sectional area, which restricts
4
than a thick wire of the same material? the flow of electrons, increasing
resistance.
Reflection

2 minutes
 8th grade

Serires and
Parallel Circuits
Ms. Batoul Alkhatib
Objectives
● To know how series and parallel circuits compare

● To know the rules that apply in each arrangement

 Inquiry Question
● If one bulb in a circuit burns out, will the others stay on? Why or
why not?

Answer: If the bulbs are in a series circuit, all will go out because the
circuit is broken. If they are in a parallel circuit, the other bulbs will stay on
because each has its own path to the power source.

2 Minutes
Real Life Examples
● Where have you seen lights or electrical devices that stay on even
if one stops working, and where have you seen ones that all turn
off together? Why do you think that happens?

2 minutes
Circuit Essentials
● Potential difference (p.d.), or voltage, is measured in volts (V).

● The greater the p.d across a lamp or the component, the greater the current flowing in

it.

● Current is measured in amperes (A).

● Lamps resistors and other components have resistance to a flow of current.

● Resistance is measured in Ohm.

Lamps in series and Parallel
Lamps in Series and Parallel

Thinking time: 1 minute

Vote
Circuits and Switches
● If two or more lamps have to be powered by one battery, as in a car lighting system,
they are normally connected in parallel. Each lamp gets the full battery p.d Also each
can be switched on and off independently.
Circuits and Switches
A parallel circuit contains three identical bulbs. If one bulb is
removed, what happens to the brightness of the others?
A. They become dimmer.
B. They stay the same. Student A
C. They go out.
D. The circuit stops working.

Which statement about a parallel circuit is correct?

A. The current is the same through all components. Student B
2 minutes
B. The total resistance is the sum of individual resistances.
C. The total current is divided among the branches.
Push 1 picture per pair to
D. The voltage across each branch is different. ZONE 1
Basic Circuit Rules
Simulation Activity Individually

● Use the provided link to construct the following circuit:

Use the cards handed to you to

do your experiment!
 8th grade

Serires and
Parallel Circuits
Ms. Batoul Alkhatib
Objectives
● To know how series and parallel circuits compare

● To know the rules that apply in each arrangement

 Inquiry Question
● If one bulb in a circuit burns out, will the others stay on? Why or
why not?

Answer: If the bulbs are in a series circuit, all will go out because the
circuit is broken. If they are in a parallel circuit, the other bulbs will stay on
because each has its own path to the power source.

2 Minutes
Real Life Examples
● Where have you seen lights or electrical devices that stay on even
if one stops working, and where have you seen ones that all turn
off together? Why do you think that happens?

2 minutes
Circuit Essentials
● Potential difference (p.d.), or voltage, is measured in volts (V).

● The greater the p.d across a lamp or the component, the greater the current flowing in

it.

● Current is measured in amperes (A).

● Lamps resistors and other components have resistance to a flow of current.

● Resistance is measured in Ohm.

Lamps in series and Parallel
Lamps in Series and Parallel

Thinking time: 1 minute

Vote
Circuits and Switches
● If two or more lamps have to be powered by one battery, as in a car lighting system,
they are normally connected in parallel. Each lamp gets the full battery p.d Also each
can be switched on and off independently.
Circuits and Switches
A parallel circuit contains three identical bulbs. If one bulb is
removed, what happens to the brightness of the others?
A. They become dimmer.
B. They stay the same. Student A
C. They go out.
D. The circuit stops working.

Which statement about a parallel circuit is correct?

A. The current is the same through all components. Student B
2 minutes
B. The total resistance is the sum of individual resistances.
C. The total current is divided among the branches.
Push 1 picture per pair to
D. The voltage across each branch is different. ZONE 1
Basic Circuit Rules
Simulation Activity Individually

● Use the provided link to construct the following circuit:

Use the cards handed to you to

do your experiment!
 8th grade

Serires and Parallel

Circuits (2)
Ms. Batoul Alkhatib
Objectives
● To know how to calculate the combined resistance of resistors in series
Inquiry Question
● What factors affect the overall resistance when resistors are
connected in a single path?
Combined Resistance of Resistors in Series
● If two or more resistors are connected in series, they give a

higher resistance than any of the resistors by itself.

● If resistors R1 and R2 are in series, their combined resistance

R is given by this equation:

Combined Resistance of Resistors in Parallel
● If two or more resistors are connected in parallel, they give a lower resistance than
any of the resistors by itself.
 Solved Example – Resistors in Series
Calculate the p.d.s. across the 3 Ω resistor and the 6 Ω resistor in the following circuit.

1. Find the combined resistance

R = 3 + 6 = 9Ω

2. Find the current

𝑝. 𝑑. 18
𝐼= = 2𝐴
𝑅 9
3. Knowing that the current is the same for all the
components connected in series:

p.d. (across 3Ω) = 𝐼 𝑅 = 2 × 3 = 6 𝑉

p.d. (across 6Ω) = 𝐼 𝑅 = 2 × 6 = 12 𝑉

Combined Resistance

Answer: No change, combined

resistance does not change
Combined Resistance
Vote
Combined Resistance

2 minutes

Answer:

V 4
(a) I = = = 0.4 A
R 10
(b) 0.4 A
Simulation Activity Assessment

● Use the provided link to construct a circuit consisted of a two

resistors connected in series, a battery, and switch connected by
metal wires.
1. What happens to the total resistance when you add a second
resistor in series? How does this affect the current in the circuit?
2. How does the voltage behave across each resistor? Is it the same
or different? Why?
3. What happens to the brightness of a bulb (if used) when more
resistors are added in series?
4. If you increase the resistance of one of the resistors, how does it
impact the total resistance and the overall current in the circuit?
Answers
Question Answer
What happens to the total resistance when
The total resistance increases, which
you add a second resistor in series? How
decreases the current in the circuit.
does this affect the current in the circuit?
The voltage divides across the resistors, with
How does the voltage behave across each
higher resistance getting a larger share of the
resistor? Is it the same or different? Why?
voltage.
What happens to the brightness of a bulb (if The bulb gets dimmer because the increased
used) when more resistors are added in resistance reduces the current flowing through
series? it.
If you increase the resistance of one of the
resistors, how does it impact the total The total resistance increases, causing the
resistance and the overall current in the overall current to decrease.
circuit?
Reflection

2 minutes
 8.12 Electrical
Energy and
Power
Ms. Batoul Alkhatib
Objectives
● To know how to calculate the power of an electrical device.

● To know the link between energy and power

Inquiry Question
● Why do high-power appliances like air conditioners increase
electricity bills more than LED bulbs?

Answer: High-power appliances like air conditioners increase electricity bills more than
LED bulbs because of the relationship between power, energy, and time.

Because air conditioners have a much higher power rating and are used for long periods,
they consume significantly more energy, leading to higher electricity bills.
 Real Life Examples
● Give more examples where electrical devices increase the
electricity bills more than others
Circuits Essentials
• In any circuit, the charge is carried by electrons
• Charge is measured in coulombs (C)
• The flow of charge is called a current and is measured in amperes (A)
• Energy is measured in Joules (J)
• Potential difference (p.d.) or voltage is measured in volts (V)
• The greater the p.d. across a battery, the more energy per coulomb is
supplies.
• 1 V = 1 J/C
• The greater the p.d. across a lamp or other component, the more
energy per coulomb is being transferred to it
 Electrical energy and Power
● Power: is the rate which energy is transferred (moved from one store to another)

● SI unti: watt (W)

● Power can be calculated using the equation below:

𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑑
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛

● 1 kW = 1000 w
Electrical Energy and Power

𝐸 =𝑃 ×𝑡
𝐸 = 60 × 2 × 60 Vote
𝐸 = 60 × 120
𝐸 = 7200 𝐽
 Electrical Energy and Power
● Some typical power ratings are shown below

What is the voltage supply in

Jordan?

Search for other examples of

electrical devices with the power
ratings
Electrical Power Equation
● If a battery, lamp, or other component has a p.d. and a current, the power is given by
this equation.
 Electrical Power Equation
● Example: in the following circuit, what is the power of the battery and each of the
lamps?
Electrical Energy and Power

Buzz !
Answer:

p.d. = 230 V
I = 3.5 A

Power = VI
Power = 230 x 3.5
Power = 805 W
 Electrical Energy and Power

Answer:

V=IR
V = 250 x 1.2 = 300 Volt

Power = p.d. x current

Power = 300 x 250 = 75000 W
 Calculating Electrical Energy
● If the power of an appliance is known, the energy transferred in any given time can
be calculated by rearranging the first equation on the opposite page:

● It can also be rewritten like this:

 Calculating Electrical Energy
● Example: a 12 V water heater takes a current of 2 A. If it is switched on for 60
seconds, how much energy is transferred to thermal energy?

Answer:
E =VIt

E = 12 x 2 x 60 = 1440 J
Self Assessment
Solve these
questions in
your
notebook

SB P(191)
9.1 Magnets
8th grade

Ms. Batoul Alkhatib

Objectives

● To describe the forces between magnetic poles.

● To know what induced magnetism is.

● To know about magnetic and nonmagnetic materials

Inquiry Question
● When did humans first discover magnets?
Random
pick

1 minute
 Real Life Examples
● Give examples where magnets are used
Magnetic Poles
● If a small magnet is dipped into iron fillings, the fillings are
attracted to its ends.
● The magnetics force seems to come from two point, called the
poles of the magnet.
● The Earth exerts forces on the poles of the magnets. This effect
is used to name the two poles of the magnet:
1. North-seeking pole (N pole)
2. South-seeking pole (S pole)
Magnetic Poles
● If you bring the ends of two similar bar magnets together, there is a force between the poles:
Magnetic Poles

Vote
Induced Magnetism
● Materials such as iron and steel are attracted to
magnets because they themselves become
magnetized.
● The magnet induces magnetism in them

● The Steel and iron behave differently when pulled

right away from the magnet
1. Steel: keeps some of its induced magnetism and
becomes a permanent magnet.
2. Iron: loses all of its induced magnetism, it was only
a temporary magnet
Induced Magnetism

Buzz
Induced Magnetism
 Understanding Magnetic Properties of Materials
• Non-magnetic materials: do not react to magnets – they show no attraction or
repulsion
• Magnetic materials can be:
1. Not magnetized: attracted to both poles of the magnet, but do not repel.
2. Magnetized: attracted to one pole and repelled by the other

Effect of N Pole Effect of S Pole Property

Attraction Attraction Magnetic but not magnetised
No effect No effect Non-magnetic
Attraction Repulsion Magnetic and magnetised
Making a Magnet

● How can you magnetize a material

(strongly)?
1. By stroking it with one end of a magnet.
2. By placing it in a long coil of wire and pass
a large, direct one way current in a coil.
Magnetic and Non-Magnetic Materials
Type of Material Examples Magnetization Use
Can be magnetized
Magnetic Iron, steel, nickel, Used in magnets and
and attracted to
(Ferromagnetic) cobalt magnetic applications
magnets
Difficult to magnetize
Steel, Alcomax, Used for permanent
Hard Magnetic but retain magnetism
Magnadur magnets
well
Easy to magnetize Used in
Soft Magnetic Iron, Mumetal but lose magnetism electromagnets and
quickly transformers
Brass, copper, zinc, Cannot be
Not used in magnetic
Non-magnetic tin, aluminium, non- magnetized or
applications
metals attracted to magnets
Magnetic and Non-Magnetic Materials
 Where Magnetism Come From
1.Electrons create magnetism – Electrons spinning and orbiting the nucleus of an atom
make tiny magnetic effects.
2.Atoms can act like tiny magnets – In some atoms, these magnetic effects don't cancel
out, so the atom acts like a small magnet.
3.Unmagnetized materials – The tiny atomic magnets point in random directions, so there's
no overall magnetism.
4.Magnetized materials – When magnetized, the atomic magnets start to line up in the same
direction.
5.One big magnet – When billions of atomic magnets line up, they create a strong overall
magnetic field.
6.Losing magnetism – Hitting or heating a magnet messes up the alignment of the atomic
magnets, causing it to lose its magnetism (demagnetized).
 Assessment
Student 1

Magnets have two poles: a _________ pole, N and a

_________ pole, S

Student 2

Name three non-magnetic metals

Students 3+4
9.4 Electromagnets
Ms. Albatoul Alkhatib
Objectives
● To know the factors affecting the strength of the magnetic field around an

electromagnet.

● To describe some uses of electromagnets.

Inquiry Question
● How can a tiny switch or button turn on a powerful machine?

Answer: Because the tiny switch sends a small current to a device called a magnetic
relay, which uses a magnetic force to control a much larger current — turning the
powerful machine on or off without the switch touching the big current directly.
 1. Introduction
A simple electromagnet consists of:
1. Coil: consisting of several hundred turns of insulated copper
wire
2. Core: usually of iron or Mumetal

How it works:
1. An electromagnet can be switched on and off.
2. When a current flows in the coil, it produces a magnetic field.
3. The magnetize core creates a magnetic field about a
thousand times stronger than the coil by itself.
4. The magnetism is only temporary.
2. The Magnetic Relay

a magnetic relay lets a small

current control a bigger
one.
2. The Magnetic Relay
Why does a magnetic relay let a small current control a bigger one?

● Because the small current powers an electromagnet, which physically moves

a switch that can turn a bigger current on or off. This keeps the high-power
circuit separate and safe, while still allowing control.

Search for a real-life example where a

magnetic relay is used
2. The Magnetic Relay
 3. The Circuit Breaker
● Definition: an automatic switch which cuts off the current in a circuit if this
rises above a specified value
 4. Magnetic Storage
● Definition: a method of recording data by using varying patterns of magnetism
on a material like iron oxide.

● Examples:
Practice
 Practice

Electromagnets

Magnetic Relay
Practice

Answer:
1. Iron core becomes a magnet.
2. Iron core attracts iron armature.
3. Armature moves contact in touch
4. There’s a current in circuit B
Assessment
 Answers
● Question (1)
a. to increase the strength of magnetic field.
b. field doesn’t remain when current in coil is switched off.

● Question (2)
a. with a relay, small current through switch can turn much larger current
on/off.
b. relay core magnetized, so armature closes contacts to switch on motor.
9.2 Magnetic Field
8th grade

Ms. Batoul Alkhatib

Objectives

● To know how to plot the field pattern around a bar magnet.

● To know how the direction of a magnetic field is defined.

Inquiry Question
● Why does a compass needle always point north?
Random
pick

1 minute

Answer: A compass needle points north because it is a small magnet. The Earth has a magnetic
field, like a big magnet. The needle lines up with this magnetic field, so one end always points
toward the Earth’s magnetic north pole. That’s how a compass helps us know which way is north.
 Real Life Examples
● Give examples where magnetic field are
shown
Magnet Essentials

● A magnet has a north-seeking (N) pole at one end and a south-seeking (S) pole at the other.

● When two magnets are brough together: like poles repel, unlike poles attract.
Magnetic Field Patterns

● Magnetic fields can be investigated using a small compass.

● The needle is a tiny magnet which is free to turn on its spindle.
● When near a magnet, the needle is turned by forces between its poles and the poles of the magnet.
● The needle comes to rest so that the turning effect is zero.
Magnetic Field Patterns

How can I use a

compass to draw
magnetic field lines?

Watch the video

together!

Check the simulation

 Magnetic Field Patterns

• The field lines run from the N pole to the S

pole of the magnet.

• The magnetic field is strongest where the

field lines are closest together.

• Magnetic field lines never cross.

• Magnetic field lines are continuous

Magnetic Field Patterns
Magnetic Field Patterns
Magnetic Field Patterns

Vote!
 Magnetic Field Lines
Choose the correct word from each drop-down

menu to complete the paragraph on magnetic

field lines.

Magnetic field line arrows are drawn pointing away from

_______ poles and going in at ________ poles. So in

the diagram, A is a __________ pole and B is a

________ pole
 International Schools of Islamic Educational College

(British Program/ IGCSE)

Second Term/ 2024-2025

Physics- Grade (8)

Quiz (2): Magnets and Magnetic Fields

Name: Date: Class:

Question (1): A student places a bar magnet onto a sheet of paper, as shown in the figure.

(a) The student shows the pattern of the magnetic field lines around the magnet.
(i) On the figure carefully draw two magnetic field lines above the centre line XY
and two magnetic field lines below XY. [2]

(ii) Indicate the direction of the magnetic field lines. Use an arrow. Mark one field
line above XY and one field line below XY. [1]

1
 (iii) State the name of a piece of equipment that can be used to determine the direction
of the magnetic field.
Compass [1]

(b) Describe how the student can use a bar magnet to test whether a metal rod is a
magnet.
1. Place end on end and see if attraction/ repulsion occurs
2. Repulsion at one end [2]
[Total: 6]

Question (2):
(a) State the name of a material that is suitable for a permanent magnet.

Steel [1]

(b) State one use of a permanent magnet.

Electric motors [1]

[Total: 6]

2
 International Schools of Islamic Educational College

(British Program/ IGCSE)

Second Term/ 2024-2025

Physics- Grade (8)

Series and Parallel Circuits (1)

Name: Date: Class:

1. The electric circuit in the figure consists of a battery, two lamps and a switch. A voltmeter
is connected across one of the lamps.

(a) Which quantity does the voltmeter measure? Tick one box.

[1]

1
(b) The switch is closed so that there is a current in the lamps
(i) What flows in the circuit in order to create the current? Tick one box.

[1]

(c) Suggest one disadvantage of connecting lamps in series rather than in parallel.
If one lamp fails both go out or you can’t control lamps individually

[1]
[Total: 3]

2
2. The electric circuit shown in the figure contains a battery, two resistors, a switch and
another component.

When the switch is open, what is the potential difference across the 16Ω resistor? Tick one
box.

3
3. A student has devised the circuit in the figure to control the lighting of three lamps, A, B,
and C.

More than one switch must be closed in order to light any lamp.

(a) In the table below, put ticks to indicate which switches must be closed in order to light
the lamps. The first row has been completed for you.

(b) All the switches are now closed. Which of the lamps light up?

All of them (A,B,C) [1]

(c) Which one switch must be open to ensure that none of the lamps light up? Switch 1 [1]
[Total: 5]

4
 4. The figure shows a cell.

(a) What does the 1.5 V indicate about the cell?

Voltage or potential difference [2]

(b) Three cells identical to the cell in the figure make up a 4.5 V battery. The battery is
connected in series with a 180 Ω resistor.

Calculate the current in the circuit.

𝑽
𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒕 =
𝑹

𝟒. 𝟓
𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒕 = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟓 𝑨
𝟏𝟖𝟎

Current = ………………………………………. [4]

(c) A second 180 Ω resistor is connected in parallel with the 180 Ω resistor from (b)

In the space below, draw the circuit diagram of the two resistors in parallel, connected to the
battery. Use the standard symbols.

[3]

5
 International Schools of Islamic Educational College

(British Program/ IGCSE)

Second Term/ 2024-2025

Physics- Grade (8)

Quiz (1): Current, Potential Difference and Resistance

Name: Date: Class:

1. A student tests some materials to find which ones are electrical conductors. He uses
the circuit in the figure.

(i) State which materials are electrical conductors. Put a tick in the box next to each
material that is an electrical conductor.

[1]
(ii) The student connects a resistor R, between X and Y. The student determines the
resistance of the resistor.
Name the instrument he uses to measure the potential difference (p.d.) across resistor R.

Voltmeter [1]

1
(iii) The current in resistor R is 0.2A when the p.d. across the resistor is 6.0V.
Calculate the resistance of resistor R. Show your work and include the unit
𝑽
𝑹=
𝑰

𝟔
𝑹= = 𝟑𝟎 𝑹
𝟎. 𝟐

resistance = 30 Unit Ohm Ω [4]

[Total: / 6]

2
 International Schools of Islamic Educational College

(British Program/ IGCSE)

Second Term/ 2024-2025

Physics- Grade (8)

Quiz (1): Current, Potential Difference and Resistance

Name: Date: Class:

1. The figure shows a circuit consisting of a battery, a fixed resistor and an ammeter.

(i) A voltmeter is connected in the circuit to measure the potential difference (p.d.)
across the fixed resistor. By drawing on the figure, show how the voltmeter is
connected. Use the correct circuit symbol for the voltmeter. [2]

(ii) The potential difference (p.d.) across the fixed resistor is 11.5V. The reading on
the ammeter is 0.25A. Calculate the resistance of the fixed resistor. Include the
unit in your answer.
𝑽
𝑹=
𝑰
𝟏𝟏. 𝟓
𝑹= = 𝟒𝟔 𝜴
𝟎. 𝟐𝟓

resistance = 46 unit Ohm Ω [4]

[Total: /6]

1
 International Schools of Islamic Educational College

(British Program/ IGCSE)

Second Term/ 2024-2025

Physics- Grade (8)

Series and Parallel Circuits (2)

Name: Date: Class:

Question (1):

(a) A student investigates the electrical resistance of some components.

The figure shows an incomplete diagram of the circuit used by the student.

(i) State the term used for component Y. Thermistor [1]

(ii) The student uses the circuit to measure the resistance of component Y. Complete
the diagram in the figure by adding electrical symbols to show an ammeter and a
voltmeter correctly connected to determine the resistance of component Y. [3]

(b) The figure shows two resistors A and B.

(i) Resistor A and resistor B are connected in series. State the value of their combined
resistance.
R = RA + RB = 5+7 = 12 Ω [1]

1
 (ii) Resistor A and resistor B are connected in parallel. Compare the combined
resistance when in parallel with the resistance of resistor A alone.

Smaller than A [1]

[Total: 6]

Question (2): Fig. 1 shows lamps in series. Fig. 2 shows lamps in parallel. The lamps are all
identical 6.0V lamps. In each circuit there are three ammeters A1, A2 and A3.

(a) Compare the readings on ammeters A1, A2 and A3 in Fig. 1.

The ammeters all have the same reading [1]

(b) Compare the readings on ammeters A1, A2 and A3 in Fig. 2.

The reading on A1 is the biggest [1]

(c) State two advantages of connecting the 6.0V lamps in parallel with the 6.0V battery,
compared with connecting the lamps in series with the battery.

1. Lamps have normal brightness in parallel/ brighter than lamps in series

2. If one lamp fails, the other lamp is still lit

[2]

[Total: 4]