Temperature Transmitter
Temperature Transmitter
D/N: WAS-2282EN
Introduction
The temperature transmitter is an instrument that converts temperature measurements into
standardised output signals that can be transmitted. It is mainly used for the measurement and
control of temperature parameters in industrial processes. Common standardised output signals
include 4~20mA current signals which have a linear relationship with temperature, 0~5V/0~10V
voltage signals, RS485 digital output signals, etc.
The Holtek temperature transmitter uses a two-board design, namely a display board and a master
board. The display board uses the HT68F003 as a master MCU to directly drive the LED for display
and communicate with the master board. The master board uses a signal measurement dedicated
MCU, the BH66F5242 as a master MCU. The device includes a highly integrated 24-bit ADC, a
LDO, an OPA, a 12-bit DAC and a 16-bit PTM. This implements the measurement and sampling
of the Pt100 temperature sensor, constant current driving and the 4~20mA signal transmission.
Using this MCU solution only requires a very simple peripheral circuit to implement the
temperature transmitter function.
Figure 1. System Block Diagram
WAS-2282EN V1.00 1 / 11 January 17, 2023
Temperature Transmitter
Application Areas
Sensor measurement applications, transmitters for industrial measurement
Solution Features
1. Reduced application circuitry: Uses a highly functionally integrated MCU, including an integrated
24-bit ADC, LDO, OPA, 12-bit DAC, 16-bit PTM and EEPROM
The BH66F5242 is a measurement dedicated MCU, which includes a highly integrated 24-bit
Delta-Sigma ADC, LDO, OPA, 12-bit DAC and 16-bit PTM. The device implements the
measurement and sampling of the Pt100 temperature sensor, constant current driving and 4~20mA
signal transmission. The internal 64-byte True EEPROM is used to store calibration values and
setup data. The USIM module (UART/SPI/I2C) can also be extended to other functional modules
such as implementing other transmission methods.
2. More stable sampling: The MCU 24-bit ADC has an integrated EMI filter, which can effectively
resist EMI interference
The MCU 24-bit ADC has an integrated EMI filter, which can resist EMI interference and provide
more stable sampling and temperature measurements.
Operating Principles
Thermal resistors and thermocouples are the most commonly used temperature sensing components
for temperature transmitters. The operating principle is that an output signal is generated by the
temperature sensing component which is then transmitted to the transmitter master board. It will obtain
an accurate temperature value using internal nonlinear calibration after filtering, amplification and
sampling. Then the temperature value is converted to a constant current value. After processing by the
external constant current circuit, it is converted into a 4~20mA current signal which has a linear
relationship with temperature.
Functional Description
Solution Features
Operating voltage: 24V
Temperature transmitter: Pt100
Maximum range: -199.9~+850℃
Constant current range: 4mA~20mA
Display panel: a 4-digit LED is used to display temperature information
WAS-2282EN V1.00 2 / 11 January 17, 2023
Temperature Transmitter
Solution Function
The product hardware is shown in the following figure.
SET Key
SUB Key ADD Key
Figure 2. Product Form and Operational Keys
The temperature transmitter solution supports two modes: Normal Mode and Setup Mode. After
power-on, the temperature transmitter directly enters the Normal mode to sample and measure the
Pt100 sensor signal. Here the temperature value is obtained and the temperature value on the LED
display is updated, after which the corresponding constant current is generated. A long-press on the
SET key will enable the product to enter the Setup Mode. Then set or calibrate the sensor and
constant current using the SET/ADD/SUB keys together with the LED display content. The
operation key functions are described as follows.
SET key: Set/Exit key
ADD key: Next/ADD key
SUB key: Previous/SUB key
When the settings have been completed, the setup values will be stored in an EEPROM. To avoid
accidental modification by the user, a correct password must be entered before entering the Setup
Mode. The parameters that can be set are described below.
S-PD: Set the ADC PGA gain
PGA gain=2value. For example, when the value=0, 20=1, the gain is 1.
S-DH: Set the transmitter upper limit
Temperature sensor upper limit. When the measured temperature value exceeds the upper limit,
the LED will blink to indicate that the sensor value has exceeded the upper limit.
S-DL: Set the transmitter lower limit
Temperature sensor lower limit. When the measured temperature value is less than the lower
limit, the LED will blink to indicate that the sensor value is less than the lower limit.
S-CH: Calibrate the constant current upper limit, which is the CCR value in HEX when a constant
current of 20mA is calibrated.
This value can be adjusted to adjust the constant current maximum value. The constant current
will be adjusted to 20mA.
How to calibrate: Use a 24V power supply to connect a precision ammeter in series. Then
adjust the setup value until the constant output current is 20mA, now calibration can be
implemented.
WAS-2282EN V1.00 3 / 11 January 17, 2023
Temperature Transmitter
S-CL: Calibrate the constant current lower limit, which is the CCR value in HEX when a constant
current of 4mA is calibrated.
This value can be adjusted to adjust the constant current minimum value. The constant current
will be adjusted to 4mA.
How to calibrate: Use a 24V power supply to connect a precision ammeter in series. Then
adjust the setup value until the constant output current is 4mA, now calibration can be
implemented.
Solution Design Description
The solution uses a two-board design, namely a display board and a master board. The display board
uses the HT68F003 as a master MCU, which communicates with the master board and implements
the LED display. The master board uses a signal measurement dedicated MCU, the BH66F5242 as
a master MCU. This device executes functions such as sensor driving, sensor signal sampling and
signal processing. It also can change the constant current which ranges from 4 to 20mA according
to the sensor value.
Hardware Description
Figure 3. LED Display Board Schematic Diagram
WAS-2282EN V1.00 4 / 11 January 17, 2023
Temperature Transmitter
Figure 4. Master Board Schematic Diagram
The temperature transmitter master board hardware circuits are divided into multi-channel power
circuit, Pt100 drive and measurement circuit, constant current output circuit and display board
communication interface. The multi-channel power circuit mainly provides the corresponding
voltage source to each circuit block. The constant current driving circuit of the Pt100 temperature
sensor is composed of the BH66F5242 internal LDO, OPA, 12-bit DAC and external circuits. The
constant current value can be adjusted by the 12-bit DAC. The 24-bit Delta-Sigma ADC which is
used to sample the Pt100 temperature sensor signals through the AN0, AN1, AN2, AN3 and AN8
channels. It is also used to measure a Pt100 resistance and a 100Ω calibration resistance (R18 100Ω
should be a low temperature drift and high accuracy resistance) to obtain better accuracy in
subsequent processing. The internal 16-bit PTM is used to adjust the PWM output duty, which is
processed by an external RC filter circuit and adjusts the constant current using a transistor. The
display board communication interface connects to the display board and uses emulated SPI
communication. The display board displays the current temperature value according to the obtained
data. Here the display board includes three keys, which are used to change different operating
modes and adjust the setup value.
WAS-2282EN V1.00 5 / 11 January 17, 2023
Temperature Transmitter
Layout and Hardware Considerations
Figure. 5 and Figure. 6 show the front and back PCB layout for the LED display board and master
board.
Figure 5. LED Display Board PCB Layout Front and Back View
Figure 6. Master Board PCB Layout Front and Back View
There are several important master board considerations.
1. The circuit needs to have decoupling capacitor on the power pins such as VDD/VSS, AVDD/AVSS
and VOREG. When the power pins have been connected, they should not be routed for use by
other ports and should not be connected to the ground.
2. When the sensor drive and sample circuit layout is being done, the routing lines should be as
short as possible and kept away from other high frequency signals. The ground should cover the
routing to avoid interference from other sources.
3. Because the constant current drive circuit uses a transistor to adjust the constant current, it is
necessary to pay attention to transistor heating and to keep it away from the sensor drive and
sampling related circuits.
PCB BOM Table
Table 1. LED Display Board BOM Table
WAS-2282EN V1.00 6 / 11 January 17, 2023
Temperature Transmitter
Table 2. Master Board BOM Table
Software Description
Start Setting Mode
After entering the password,
long-press the SET key
Initialise
Write into the N Whether any setting data The password is Special password The password is
default value stored in EEPROM ? incorrect (0066) correct (0004)
Y Parameter selection interface
Clear the settings
(Short-press the ADD key: next;
(EEPROM) Short-press the SUB key: previous)
Y
Long-press the SET key ? Discard the settings Long-press the
(EEPROM) ADD key
N
Write into the settings Long-press the
Normal Mode (EEPROM) SET key
Sensor sampling
Short-press the SET key
Data processing Parameter settings
(Short-press the ADD key: Add;
Short-press the SUB key: Subtract;
Short-press the SET key: Switch digits)
Display board
communication, constant
current output adjustment Long-press the SET key to
confirm the settings
Figure 7. Master Board Software Flowchart
WAS-2282EN V1.00 7 / 11 January 17, 2023
Temperature Transmitter
Initialisation
The MCU is first initialised after power-on. This includes initialising the 24-bit ADC, LDO, OPA
peripherals and variables. Then check whether there are settings and calibration information stored in
the EEPROM. If not then write into and use the default values. Finally enter the main loop.
Main Loop
In the main loop, the keys are scanned periodically, the sensor sampled value is processed, the constant
current value is adjusted and the display board is updated. Switching between the Normal Mode and
the Setup Mode is done by long-pressing the SET key.
Normal Mode
The Pt100 is measured using a 24-bit ADC and the temperature value is obtained using data processing.
The constant current is adjusted to update the display information.
The Setup Mode
The SET key is long-pressed to enter the Setup Mode. Here the calibration values and parameters can
be configured and will be written into the EEPROM and stored when the setup has been completed.
In order to avoid accidental modification by users, the Setup Mode can be entered only after entering
a correct password. When the relevant parameter setup has completed in the Setup Mode, if the ADD
key has been long-pressed, the modification will not be written into EEPROM, and the original
parameter values can only be loaded after another power-on.
Library Function Description
Two library functions are provided, namely the sensor sampling function and sensor value conversion
function, which are described as follows.
Function
MS_STATE_TypeDef Measurement_PT100_Process(unsigned char db)
Name
Function Sample and measure the Pt100 sensor, and then process using the 24-bit Delta-Sigma ADC
Input db: ADC PGA gain (gain=2db)
Measured state (defined in MS_STATE_TypeDef)
0x00: BUSY
Return
0x01: GETOK
0x02: GETERR
Function
signed long Conversion_PT100_CHECK_TABLE(unsigned int res_value)
Name
Function Convert the sampled Pt100 original value to the temperature value
Input The measured original ADC data processed by the Pt100
Return The measured temperature value
WAS-2282EN V1.00 8 / 11 January 17, 2023
Temperature Transmitter
Test Data
Measuring Method
An additional temperature simulator and a high accuracy ammeter is used to test the temperature
transmitter results.
The temperature simulator is internally connected to a resistance to simulate the Pt100 corresponding
temperature resistance, which has been measured and calibrated. The Pt100 current temperature
resistance can be simulated by shorting the corresponding position with a short-circuit cap.
A high accuracy ammeter is directly connected in series to the 24V DC power supply of the
temperature transmitter to measure the constant current value.
High accuracy ammeter
Temperature transmitter
Temperature simulator
Figure 8. Temperature Transmitter Test Device
Measurement Error Data
Test conditions: Ta=25°C, the temperature and constant current settings are shown below.
Temperature Measurement Constant Current Output
Lower Limit (℃) Upper Limit (℃) Range (℃) Lower Limit (mA) Upper Limit (mA) Range (mA)
-199.9 650 849.9 4 20 16
Table 3. Test Conditions
During the temperature measurement process, the temperature value of the Pt100 current resistance
is the theoretical value. The error is the full scale error of the theoretical value and measured value.
During the constant current output process, the current measured temperature value is converted
into the theoretical value. The ratio of the constant current output range and the temperature
measurement range is used to calculate the theoretical value of the current constant current. The
error is the full scale error of the theoretical value and the measured value.
WAS-2282EN V1.00 9 / 11 January 17, 2023
Temperature Transmitter
Temperature Measurement Constant Current Output
Theoretical Value Measured Value Error Theoretical Value Output Value Error
(℃) (℃) %(FS) (mA) (mA) % (FS)
-196.4 -196.5 0.012 4.064 4.064 0.000
-63.3 -63.3 0.000 6.572 6.568 0.022
0.2 -0.2 0.047 7.760 7.758 0.009
649.6 649.0 0.071 19.981 19.988 0.043
Table 4. Measurement Error Data Table
Note: In this solution, the temperature transmitter uses a 100Ω resistor with an accuracy of 1% as
its internal calibration resistor. If higher stability and higher accuracy is required, a low
temperature drift high precision resistor can be used to increase the measurement accuracy
and stability.
Conclusion
This application note has introduced in detail a Holtek temperature transmitter solution, which takes
the BH66F5242 as a master MCU. The BH66F5242 is a measurement dedicated MCU with a high
level of functional integration. The device includes an integrated 24-bit Delta-Sigma ADC (with
EMI Filter), LDO, OPA, 12-bit DAC, 16-bit PTM and EEPROM. This device can effortlessly
implement the required basic functions which include sensor driving and sampling, generating the
constant current output and saving the calibration setup values. With an integrated Pt100 calibration
resistor of 100Ω, which can calibrate the Pt100 in real time and avoid factory calibration, it is
extremely suitable for temperature transmitter products. The USIM module (UART/SPI/I2C) can
also be readily extended for use in other functional areas such as implementing other transmission
methods.
Reference Material
Reference file: BH66F5242 datasheet.
For more information, consult the Holtek official website: [Link].
Revision and Modification Information
Date Author Issue Modification Information
2022.07.22 鄧棋桐 V1.00 First Version
WAS-2282EN V1.00 10 / 11 January 17, 2023
Temperature Transmitter
Disclaimer
All information, trademarks, logos, graphics, videos, audio clips, links and other items appearing
on this website ('Information') are for reference only and is subject to change at any time without
prior notice and at the discretion of Holtek Semiconductor Inc. and its related companies
(hereinafter 'Holtek', 'the company', 'us', 'we' or 'our'). Whilst Holtek endeavors to ensure the
accuracy of the Information on this website, no express or implied warranty is given by Holtek to
the accuracy of the Information. Holtek will bear no responsibility for any incorrectness or leakage.
Holtek will not be liable for any damages (including but not limited to computer virus, system
problems or data loss) whatsoever arising in using or in connection with the use of this website by
any party. There may be links in this area, which allow you to visit the websites of other companies.
These websites are not controlled by Holtek. Holtek will bear no responsibility and no guarantee to
whatsoever Information displayed at such sites. Hyperlinks to other websites are at your own risk.
Limitation of Liability
In no event shall Holtek Limited be liable to any other party for any loss or damage whatsoever or
howsoever caused directly or indirectly in connection with your access to or use of this website, the
content thereon or any goods, materials or services.
Governing Law
The Disclaimer contained in the website shall be governed by and interpreted in accordance with
the laws of the Republic of China. Users will submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the
Republic of China courts.
Update of Disclaimer
Holtek reserves the right to update the Disclaimer at any time with or without prior notice, all
changes are effective immediately upon posting to the website.
WAS-2282EN V1.00 11 / 11 January 17, 2023
