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Volume 333

Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems

Series Editor
Janusz Kacprzyk
Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

Advisory Editors
Fernando Gomide
Department of Computer Engineering and Automation—DCA, School of
Electrical and Computer Engineering—FEEC, University of Campinas—
UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil

Okyay Kaynak
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bogazici University,
Istanbul, Turkey

Derong Liu
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois
at Chicago, Chicago, USA
Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

Witold Pedrycz
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of
Alberta, Alberta, Canada
Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

Marios M. Polycarpou
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, KIOS Research
Center for Intelligent Systems and Networks, University of Cyprus,
Nicosia, Cyprus
Imre J. Rudas
Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary

Jun Wang
Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon,
Hong Kong

The series “Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems” publishes the

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 More information about this series at https://​link.​springer.​com/​
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Editors
Atulya K. Nagar, Dharm Singh Jat, Gabriela Marín-Raventó s and
Durgesh Kumar Mishra

Intelligent Sustainable Systems

Selected Papers of WorldS4 2021, Volume 1
Editors
Atulya K. Nagar
School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, Liverpool
Hope University, Liverpool, UK

Dharm Singh Jat

Department of Computer Science, Namibia University of Science and
Technology, Windhoek, Namibia

Gabriela Marín-Raventó s
University of Costa Rica, Curridabat, Costa Rica

Durgesh Kumar Mishra

Sri Aurobindo Institute of Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

ISSN 2367-3370 e-ISSN 2367-3389

Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems
ISBN 978-981-16-6308-6 e-ISBN 978-981-16-6309-3
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Preface
The fifth edition of the WorldS4 2021—World Conference on Smart
Trends in Systems Security and Sustainability—was held during 29–30
July 2021 digitally on Zoom and organised by Global Knowledge
Research Foundation. The associated partners were Springer, InterYIT
IFIP, and IEEE UK and Ireland Sections. The conference provided a
useful and wide platform both for the display of the latest research and
for the exchange of research results and thoughts. The participants of
the conference were from almost every part of the world, with the
background of either academia or industry, allowing a real
multinational multicultural exchange of experiences and ideas.
A great pool of more than 870 papers were received for this
conference from across 28 countries among which around 144 papers
were accepted with this Springer Series and were presented through a
digital platform during the two days. Due to the overwhelming
response, we had to drop many papers in the hierarchy of the quality.
Totally, 28 technical sessions were organised in parallel in two days
along with few keynotes and panel discussions. The conference
involved deep discussion and issues which were intended to solve at
global levels. New technologies will be proposed, experiences will be
shared, and future solutions for enhancement in systems and security
will also be discussed. The final papers will be published in two
volumes of proceedings by Springer LNNS Series.
Over the years, this conference has been organised and
conceptualised with the collective efforts of a large number of
individuals. We would like to thank each of the committee members
and the reviewers for their excellent work in reviewing the papers.
Grateful acknowledgements are extended to the team of Global
Knowledge Research Foundation for their valuable efforts and support.
We look forward to welcome you to the sixth edition of this WorldS4
Conference in 2022.
Atulya K. Nagar
Dharm Singh Jat
Gabriela Marín-Raventós
Durgesh Kumar Mishra
 Liverpool, UK
Windhoek, Namibia
Curridabat, Costa Rica
Indore, India
Contents
App OnViolet on UV Radiation Skin Care Habits
Patricia Janet Uceda Martos, Laura Sofía Bazá n Díaz and
Elki Mimar Solano Cueva
Identifying Key Quality Features of mHealth Applications:​
Unsupervised Feature Selection Approach:​MARS Case Study
Rolando Armas, Carlos Montenegro, Andrés Larco and Cesar Yanez
Implementation of E-health in Burkina Faso:​A Status Report
Sadouanouan Malo, Lydie Simone Kone/Tapsoba and Yaya Traore
A Training Web Platform to Improve Cognitive Skills for Phishing
Attacks Detection
María Fernanda Cazares, Diana Arévalo, Roberto O. Andrade,
Walter Fuertes and Manuel Sá nchez-Rubio
Development of a Linear Model of Diabetes Mellitus with a PID
Controller and a Method for Automatic Adjustment of the PID
Controller
D. A. Andrikov and S. V. Kurbanov
Financial Decisions in Colombian Organisations in the Health
Sector
Romel Ramó n Gonzá lez-Díaz, Elena Cachicatari-Vargas,
Santos Lucio Guanilo-Gó mez and Graciela Tristancho Cediel
Business Innovation Capabilities in the Road Infrastructure Sector
in the Caribbean Region of Colombia
Romel Ramó n Gonzá lez-Díaz, Santos Lucio Guanilo-Gó mez,
Elena Cachicatari-Vargas, Angel Acevedo-Duque and Katiusca Cruz-
Ayala
Smart Agricultural System Using IoT
Md. Faridul Islam Suny, Tania Khatun, Zahura Zaman,
Md. Monjourur Roshed Fahim, Md. Ariful Islam, Rashida Jesmin and
Tajim Md. Niamat Ullah Akhund
IoT-Based Low-Cost Automated Irrigation System for Smart
Farming
 Tajim Md. Niamat Ullah Akhund, Nishat Tasnim Newaz,
Zahura Zaman, Atia Sultana, Alistair Barros and Md Whaiduzzaman
Simultaneous Measurements Reading from More Than One
MiBand 3 Wristbands
Zuzanna Rodak, Krzysztof Tokarz, Pawel Mielnik and Marcin Fojcik
When One Wireless Technology is Not Enough:​A Network
Architecture for Precision Agriculture Using LoRa, Wi-Fi, and LTE
Jose A. Brenes and Gabriela Marín-Raventó s
Application of Generative Adversarial Network for Designer
Assistance System
Bo Liu, You-Hsun Wu and Yang-Cheng Lin
The Research of Macro-Control Diagram of ESP Well Based on
Machine Learning
Zou Honglan, Yang Junzheng, Feng Gang, Wang Qianghua and
Ma Dan
Detection System Potholes on Roads based on Recurrent Neuronal
Network
Younes Ed-Doughmi and Rachid El Ayachi
Eduinformatics:​A New Academic Field Needed in the Age of
Information and Communication Technology
Kunihiko Takamatsu, Katsuhiko Murakami, Yasuhiro Kozaki,
Kenya Bannaka, Ikuhiro Noda, Kenichiro Mitsunari, Masato Omori
and Yasuo Nakata
Classification of Sagittal Lumbar Spine MRI for Lumbar Spinal
Stenosis Detection Using Transfer Learning of a Deep
Convolutional Neural Network
Friska Natalia and Sud Sudirman
Robust Facial-Based Inter-Beat Interval Estimation Through
Spectral Signature Tracking and Periodic Filtering
Mostafa Salah, Loay Hassan, Somaya Abdel-khier, Ammar M. Hassan
and Osama A. Omer
Research and Application on Optimization of Drainage Gas
Recovery Methods in Linxing Block
 Shijie Liu, Zhenhua Cai, Wenrong Song, Tao Xuan, Chengzhen Liu,
Song Wang and Gang Feng
Can the Measurements of Albumin and Glucose Be Correlated Each
Other?​A Physics-Based Theory
Huber Nieto-Chaupis
Hybrid 2D Theory of Outdoor Infections in Times of Global
Pandemic
Huber Nieto-Chaupis
Impacts of Blockchain on Digital Marketing
Sachin Garg, Sachin Gupta and Bhoomi Gupta
A Review of Various Techniques Used in the Implementation of
Lane Departure and Road Detection
Sagrika Chandra, Manav Gupta, Bhoomi Gupta and
Vandana Choudhary
Virtual Police Station System with Chat Bot Using FSM
Bhoomi Gupta, Parth Rustagi, Priyanshu Sinha and Rohit Sroa
Khon Gesture Detection with Deep Learning Algorithms
Sathit Prasomphan, Pannawat Niyomrat, Burapa Tainsakukdej,
Titiwat Kuarkamphun and Noppawee Deejungwiphat
Contribution of Robotics in Medical Applications A Literary Survey
Abdul Hadi Himel, Farjana Abedin Boby, Sabrina Saba, Tajim Md.
Niamat Ullah Akhund and K. M. Akkas Ali
Development of Virtual Reality Training System Based on EEG
Biofeedback
Pei-Jung Lin and Man-Lai Lam
Adapting Automatic Speech Recognition to the Radiology Domain
for a Less-Resourced Language:​The Case of Latvian
Normunds Gruzitis, Roberts Dargis, Viesturs Julijs Lasmanis,
Ginta Garkaje and Didzis Gosko
Contextualizatio​n of Personal Data Discovery and Anonymization
Tools
Hassane Tahir and Patrick Brézillon
Early Lungs Tuberculosis Detection Using Deep Learning
Shiv Pranathi Kale, Jigisha Patil, Akshada Kshirsagar and
Varsha Bendre
Localising the Privacy Requirement to Improve the Scalability
Issue of Blockchain
Ajay Singh and Preetida Vinayakray Jani
Performance Analysis of Wi-Fi and LTE-LAA/​LTE-U
Prajwal S. Telkar, Deekshith Nayak, D. N. Rahul Raj and V. Kiran
Blockchain-Based Decentralized Electronic Voting System
Mahima Pawar, Mansi Dabriwal, Raj Rathi, Shrey Kumar Sinha and
Sachin Suresh Pande
Human–Robot Intermittency and Invariants
Bernhard Heiden, Bianca Tonino-Heiden and Volodymyr Alieksieiev
Breast Cancer Detection Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Kapil Tajane, Siddhesh Sheth, Rushikesh Satale, Tanmay Tumbare
and Omkar Panchal
A Machine Learning-Based Congenital Categorization Approach in
Early Recognition of Breast Carcinoma
Sandeep Singh, Zunaid Aalam, Amritpal Kaur and
Prabhjot Singh Manocha
Review of Powering and Actuation in Bio-robotic Walking
Orthoses
M. Shankar Lingam and A. Arun Kumar
Study of Device-to-Device Communication in the Next Generation
of Wireless Communication
Sapana Dhanvijay and Rajneesh Karn
Atherosclerosis Disease Prediction Based on Feature Optimization
and Ensemble Classifier
Brajesh Kumar and Harsh Mathur
Damage Estimation of Reed Fibers During Recycling
Ming Li, Kaitang Hu and Suying Shao
Sentiment Analysis in Teachers Performance Rating Using Naïve
Bayes Algorithm
Irish C. Juanatas, Ma. Corazon G. Fernando, Ace C. Lagman and
John Benedict C. Legaspi
The Lack of Focus Given to Ethical Training in the IT Industry
Pradnya Chitrao, Pravin Kumar Bhoyar, Rajiv Divekar and
Janhvi Pant
Heuristic Approach to Sustainable Agile Development with Secure
Indicators
G. Priyalakshmi, R. Nithin and N. M. Tharanitaran
Using Machine Learning Based CNN Architectural Models for
Breast Ductal Carcinoma Recognition
Prashant Vats, Reenu Batra, Faraz Doja, Manu Phogat,
Piyush Kumar Gupta and Siddhartha Sankar Biswas
Improving Collaborative Filtering Based Recommender System
with Season and Style Features
Raghav Modi and Ronakkumar Patel
Predicting Sentiment and Emotion on ASD Using Machine Learning
and Deep Neural Networks Based on Twitter Data
T. Lakshmi Praveena and N. V. Muthu Lakshmi
Incidence of Dialectal Accents in the Students’ Listening
Understanding
Wilmer Patricio Collaguazo Vega, Gina Alexandra Albá n Rocha,
Paulina Maricela Já come Santana and Luis Gonzalo Maiza Vayas
Classification of Handwritten Indic Scripts Using Deep Learning
Aaditree Jaisswal, Prachi Ghalsasi, Aabha Jain, Misha Batra and
Sandhya Arora
Classification of Recyclable Waste Generated in Indian Households
Harshith MohanKumar, Mohammed Zayd Jamadar, S. Natarajan and
H. Nithin
A Hybrid Model on Deep Learning for the Diagnosis of Diabetic
Retinopathy Using Image Cropping
A. Aruna Kumari and Santosh Kumar Henge
Automation of Translating Unit-Level Verification Scenarios for
Test Vector Generation of SoC
Rahul Anilkumar, B. K. S. V. L. Varaprasad and K. Padmapriya
Analysis of Firmware Security Mechanisms
Sandeep Gogineni Ravindrababu, Varsha Venugopal and Jim Alves-
Foss
Mutual Funds Categorization Using Ensemble Clustering
Anureet Bansal, Tushar Sharma and Gaganmeet Kaur Awal
Load Balancing Synchronized Brownout Oriented Approach for
Safeguarding Cloud Services Sustainability
Saumitra Vatsal and Shalini Agarwal
Blockchain-Based Location Sharing in 5G Open RAN Infrastructure
for Sustainable Communities
Mojtaba Enayati, S. Sree Lekshmi, Tom Toby, Makarand Prabhu,
K. P. Rahul, S. Parvathy and Seshaiah Ponnekanti
Carbon Footprint Analysis Using Knowledge Graph
Sonam Sharma, Meghna Roy Chowdhury and Sumukh Sirmokadam
Automatic Traffic Light Detection for Self-Driving Cars Using
Transfer Learning
S. Gautam and A. Kumar
An Exploratory Study to Evaluate the Quality of Research
Publication by the Indian Researchers
Saptasindhu Panda, Kajal Panda, Sharmistha Pradhan,
Sanjib Kumar Mahanta and Sunil Dhal
Data Center Simulation for Resource Utilization Analysis at
Extended Loads
Mathew Koshy Karunattu, S. Sayanth, Akash Vijayan, Ansamma John
and Manu J Pillai
Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease Through Speech Features and
Machine Learning Classifiers
Ajay Sankar Gulapalli and Vinay Kumar Mittal
An Approach to Paperless Administration of Offices in India Using
Blockchain
 Atharva Paliwal, Chaitanya Kapre, Yash Roy and
Dilipkumar A. Borikar
Key Technology Adoption Indicators for Smart Universities:​A
Preliminary Proposal
Dewar Rico-Bautista, César D. Guerrero, César A. Collazos,
Gina Maestre-Gongora, María Camila Sá nchez-Velá squez,
Yurley Medina-Cá rdenas, Diana Teresa Parra-Sá nchez,
Antó n Garcia Barreto and Jose Swaminathan
Smart Farm Water Requirement Analysis Using Machine Learning
R. Akshay Sunny, R. Jyosthna, R. Melvin Raj and M. Manoj
Abnormal Activity Detection Using Deep Learning
A. Dhanush Kumar, P. Shushruth Reddy, Kriti C. Parikh, C. Meghana
Sarvani and P. Loel Maansi
Noisy Dense Label Prediction with Noise-Robust Loss Functions
Redwan Hasif Alvi and Rashedur M. Rahman
A Systematic Review on Convolutional Neural Networks for
Sentinel-2 Image Classification
Anjali R. Sharma and Suraj T. Sawant
Categorical Analysis of Code Smell Detection Using Machine
Learning Algorithms
Ankita Bansal, Utkarsh Jayant and Abha Jain
Foreign Accent Recognition Using a Combination of Native and
Non-native Speech
Radha Krishna Guntur, Krishnan Ramakrishnan and
Vinay Kumar Mittal
A Novel Upgraded Uniform Embedding Technique for JPEG
Steganography
Savina Bansal, R. K. Bansal and Rakesh Kumar
Insights into Developers’ Abandonment in FLOSS Projects
Rajdeep Kaur and Kuljit Kaur
A Machine Learning Approach for Heart Attack Prediction
Sanjay Gour, Punita Panwar, Divya Dwivedi and Chetan Mali
Bio-Inspired Framework for Security in IoT Devices
Dion Mariyanayagam, Pancham Shukla and Bal S. Virdee
Reaction Capacity Identification Problem:​Is There Any Way to
Formalize Scientific Knowledge and Automate Reasoning so that
Intelligent Systems Can Solve It?​
Karina A. Gulyaeva and Irina L. Artemieva
Author Index
Editors and Contributors
About the Editors
Atulya K. Nagar holds Foundation Chair as a professor of
Mathematical Sciences and is pro-vice-chancellor for Research and
Dean of the Faculty of Science at Liverpool Hope University, UK. He is
also the head of the School of Mathematics, Computer Science, and
Engineering, which he established at the University. He is an
internationally respected scholar working at the cutting edge of
theoretical computer science, applied mathematical analysis,
operations research, and systems engineering. He received a
prestigious Commonwealth Fellowship to pursue his doctorate (D.Phil.)
in Applied Nonlinear Mathematics, which he earned from the
University of York (UK) in 1996. He holds a B.Sc. (Hons.), a M.Sc., and
M.Phil. (with distinction) in Mathematical Physics from the MDS
University of Ajmer, India. His research expertise spans both applied
mathematics and computational methods for nonlinear, complex, and
intractable problems arising in science, engineering, and industry.

Dharm Singh Jat is a professor of Computer Science at Namibia

University of Science and Technology (NUST). He has guided about
eight Ph.D. and 24 master research scholars. He is the author of more
than 150 peer-reviewed articles and the author or editor of more than
20 books. His interests span the areas of multimedia communications,
wireless technologies, mobile communication systems, edge roof
computing, software-defined networks, network security and Internet
of things. He has given several guest lecturer/invited talks at various
prestigious conferences. He is a fellow of the Institution of Engineers
(I), Fellow of Computer Society of India, Chartered Engineer (I), Senior
Member IEEE and Distinguished ACM Speaker. He also developed
experiments based on simulation software for network experiments,
research and project work for undergraduate and postgraduate
students. His research in developing video communication platforms
for solving QoS issues in video communications and also developed a
framework for video transmission over wireless networks for
undergraduate and postgraduate students.

Gabriela Marín-Raventós received a M.Sc. in Computer Science from

Case Western Reserve University in 1985 and a Ph.D. in Business
Analysis and Research from Texas A&M University, USA, in 1993. She
has been a Computer Science faculty member at Universidad de Costa
Rica (UCR) since 1980. She was the dean of Graduate Studies and the
director of the Research Center for Communication and Information
Technologies (CITIC), both at UCR. Currently, she is a director of the
Graduate Program in Computer Science and Informatics. She has
organized several international and national conferences, and has been,
and actually is, a chair of several program and editorial committees.
From 2012 to 2016, she was the president of the Latin American Center
for Computer Studies (CLEI), becoming the first woman to occupy such
a distinguished position. Since September 2016, she has been vice-
president of the International Federation for Information Processing
(IFIP), in charge of the Digital Equity Committee. Her research interests
include smart cities, human–computer interaction, decision support
systems, gender in IT and digital equity.

Durgesh Kumar Mishra has received M.Tech. degree in Computer

Science from DAVV, Indore, in 1994 and Ph.D. degree in Computer
Engineering in 2008. Presently, he has been working as a director and
professor (CSE) at Sri Aurobindo Institute of Technology, Indore, MP,
India. He is also a visiting faculty at IIT-Indore, MP, India. He has 24
years of teaching and 10 years of research experience. He has
completed his Ph.D. on the area - Secure Multi-Party Computation for
Preserving Privacy. He has published more than 90 papers in refereed
international/national journals and conferences including IEEE, ACM
conferences. His publications are listed in DBLP, Citeseer-x, Elsevier,
and Scopus. He is a senior member of IEEE. He visited MIT Boston and
presented his presentation on security and privacy. He also chaired a
panel on “Digital Monozukuri” at “Norbert Winner in 21st century” at
BOSTON. He became the member of Bureau of Indian standards (BIS),
Government of India, for Information Security domain.

Contributors
Zunaid Aalam
SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India

Somaya Abdel-khier
Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt

Angel Acevedo-Duque
Faculty of Business and Administration, Autonomous University of
Chile, Providencia, Chile

Shalini Agarwal
Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India

Tajim Md. Niamat Ullah Akhund

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil
International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Institute of Information Technology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka,
Bangladesh

R. Akshay Sunny
School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, REVA
University, Bangalore, India

K. M. Akkas Ali
Institute of Information Technology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka,
Bangladesh

Volodymyr Alieksieiev
Leibniz University Hannover, Garbsen, Germany

Jim Alves-Foss
Center for Secure and Dependable Systems, University of Idaho,
Moscow, Idaho, USA

Redwan Hasif Alvi

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North South
University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Roberto O. Andrade
Faculty of Informatics, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador

D. A. Andrikov
Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation

Rahul Anilkumar
U R Rao Satellite Centre, Indian Space Research Organization,
Bangalore, India

Rolando Armas
International Associated Laboratory LIA-MODO, Nagano, Japan

Sandhya Arora
M.K.S.S.S’s Cummins College of Engineering for Women, Pune, India

Irina L. Artemieva
Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

A. Arun Kumar
BITS, Warangal, India

A. Aruna Kumari
Department of Computer Applications and Computer Science and
engineering, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India

Diana Arévalo
Computer Science Department, Universidad de Las Fuerzas Armadas
ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador

Gaganmeet Kaur Awal

USME, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
Kenya Bannaka
Kobe Tokiwa University, Kobe, Japan
Osaka Kyoiku University, Osaka, Japan

Ankita Bansal
Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, India

Anureet Bansal
USME, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India

R. K. Bansal
Giani Zail Singh Campus College of Engineering and Technology,
Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University Bathinda, Punjab,
India

Savina Bansal
Giani Zail Singh Campus College of Engineering and Technology,
Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University Bathinda, Punjab,
India

Antón Garcia Barreto

Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, Ocañ a, Colombia

Alistair Barros
School of Information Systems, Queensland University of Technology,
Brisbane, Australia

Misha Batra
M.K.S.S.S’s Cummins College of Engineering for Women, Pune, India

Reenu Batra
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SGT University,
Gurugram, India

Varsha Bendre
Pimpri Chinchwad College of Engineering, Pune, India

Pravin Kumar Bhoyar

Symbiosis Institute of Management Studies (SIMS), A Constituent of
Symbiosis International Deemed University, Pune, India

Siddhartha Sankar Biswas

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SEST, New Delhi,
India

Farjana Abedin Boby

Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Dilipkumar A. Borikar
Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management, Nagpur,
Maharashtra, India

Jose A. Brenes
Research Center for Communication and Information Technologies
(CITIC), University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
Computer Science Graduate Program (PPCI), University of Costa Rica,
San José, Costa Rica

Patrick Brézillon
LIP6, Sorbonne University, Paris, France

Elena Cachicatari-Vargas
Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grhomann, Tacna, Perú

Zhenhua Cai
CNOOC Ener Tech-Drilling and Production Co., Tianjin, China

María Fernanda Cazares

IDEIAGEOCA Research Group, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Quito,
Ecuador

Graciela Tristancho Cediel

Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia

Sagrika Chandra
Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
Pradnya Chitrao
Symbiosis Institute of Management Studies (SIMS), A Constituent of
Symbiosis International Deemed University, Pune, India
Symbiosis International Deemed University, Pune, India

Vandana Choudhary
Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India

César A. Collazos
Universidad del Cauca, Popayá n, Colombia

Katiusca Cruz-Ayala
Centro Internacional de Investigació n Y Desarrollo (CIID), Montería,
Colombia

Mansi Dabriwal
Department of Information Technology, Pune Institute of Computer
Technology, Pune, India

Ma Dan
Xi’an Zhongkong Tiandi Technology Development Co, Ltd, Xi’an
Shaanxi, China

Roberts Dargis
Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Latvia,
Riga, Latvia

Noppawee Deejungwiphat
Department of Computer and Information Science, Faculty of Applied
Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok,
Bangkok, Thailand

Sunil Dhal
Sri Sri University, Cuttack, India

A. Dhanush Kumar
Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India
Sapana Dhanvijay
Madhyanchal Professional University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

Rajiv Divekar
Symbiosis Institute of Management Studies (SIMS), A Constituent of
Symbiosis International Deemed University, Pune, India

Faraz Doja
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SEST, New Delhi,
India

Divya Dwivedi
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bhupal Nobels
University, Udaipur, India

Laura Sofía Bazán Díaz

Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Privada del Norte, Cajamarca, Perú

Younes Ed-Doughmi
Department of Computer Science, FST, University of Sultan Moulay
Sliman, Beni Mellal, Morocco

Rachid El Ayachi
Department of Computer Science, FST, University of Sultan Moulay
Sliman, Beni Mellal, Morocco

Mojtaba Enayati
School for Sustainable Development, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham,
Amritapuri, India

Md. Monjourur Roshed Fahim

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil
International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Gang Feng
Xi’an Zhongkong Tiandi Technology Development Co, Ltd, Xi’an, China

Ma. Corazon G. Fernando

FEU Institute of Technology, Manila, Philippines

Marcin Fojcik
Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway

Walter Fuertes
Computer Science Department, Universidad de Las Fuerzas Armadas
ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador

Feng Gang
Xi’an Zhongkong Tiandi Technology Development Co, Ltd, Xi’an
Shaanxi, China

Sachin Garg
MVN University, Palwal, Haryana, India

Ginta Garkaje
Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Latvia,
Riga, Latvia

S. Gautam
Department of Computer Science and Applications, Panjab University,
Chandigarh, India

Prachi Ghalsasi
M.K.S.S.S’s Cummins College of Engineering for Women, Pune, India

Romel Ramón González-Díaz

Centro Internacional de Investigació n Y Desarrollo (CIID), Montería,
Colombia

Didzis Gosko
Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia

Sanjay Gour
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jaipur Engineering
College and Research Centre, Jaipur, India

Normunds Gruzitis
Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Latvia,
Riga, Latvia

Santos Lucio Guanilo-Gómez

Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grhomann, Tacna, Perú

César D. Guerrero
Universidad Autó noma de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, Colombia

Ajay Sankar Gulapalli

Aditya Engineering College, Surampalem, India

Karina A. Gulyaeva
Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

Radha Krishna Guntur

Department of ECE, VNRVJIET, Hyderabad, India

Bhoomi Gupta
Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology, Rohini, Delhi, India

Manav Gupta
Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India

Piyush Kumar Gupta

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SEST, New Delhi,
India

Sachin Gupta
MVN University, Palwal, Haryana, India

Ammar M. Hassan
Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Aswan,
Egypt

Loay Hassan
Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt

Bernhard Heiden
University of Applied Sciences, Villach, Austria
University of Graz, Graz, Austria

Santosh Kumar Henge

Department of Computer Applications and Computer Science and
engineering, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India

Abdul Hadi Himel

Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Zou Honglan
PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and
Development, Haidian, Beijing, China

Kaitang Hu
Yuncheng Polytechnic College, Yuncheng, China

Md. Ariful Islam

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil
International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Aabha Jain
M.K.S.S.S’s Cummins College of Engineering for Women, Pune, India
Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India

Abha Jain
Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India

Aaditree Jaisswal
M.K.S.S.S’s Cummins College of Engineering for Women, Pune, India

Mohammed Zayd Jamadar

PES University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

Preetida Vinayakray Jani

Sardar Patel Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India

Utkarsh Jayant
Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
Rashida Jesmin
Department of Zoology, Government Hajee Korop Ali Memorial College,
Sirajganj, Bangladesh

Ansamma John
TKM College of Engineering, Kollam Kerala, India

Irish C. Juanatas
FEU Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines

Yang Junzheng
PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and
Development, Haidian, Beijing, China

R. Jyosthna
School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, REVA
University, Bangalore, India

Shiv Pranathi Kale

Pimpri Chinchwad College of Engineering, Pune, India

Chaitanya Kapre
Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management, Nagpur,
Maharashtra, India

Rajneesh Karn
Madhyanchal Professional University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

Mathew Koshy Karunattu

TKM College of Engineering, Kollam Kerala, India

Amritpal Kaur
SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India

Kuljit Kaur
Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India

Rajdeep Kaur
Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
Tania Khatun
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil
International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

V. Kiran
R V College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India

Lydie Simone Kone/Tapsoba

Algebra, Discrete Mathematics and Informatics Laboratory (LAMDI),
Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

Yasuhiro Kozaki
The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Osaka Kyoiku University, Osaka, Japan

Akshada Kshirsagar
Pimpri Chinchwad College of Engineering, Pune, India

Titiwat Kuarkamphun
Department of Computer and Information Science, Faculty of Applied
Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok,
Bangkok, Thailand

A. Kumar
Department of Computer Science and Applications, Panjab University,
Chandigarh, India

Brajesh Kumar
Madhyanchal Professional University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

Rakesh Kumar
Giani Zail Singh Campus College of Engineering and Technology,
Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University Bathinda, Punjab,
India

S. V. Kurbanov
Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
Ace C. Lagman
FEU Institute of Technology, Manila, Philippines

T. Lakshmi Praveena
Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati, India

Man-Lai Lam
Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering,
Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan

Andrés Larco
Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador

Viesturs Julijs Lasmanis

Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Latvia,
Riga, Latvia

John Benedict C. Legaspi

FEU Institute of Technology, Manila, Philippines

S. Sree Lekshmi
Center for Wireless Networks and Applications (Amrita WNA),
Amritapuri, India

Ming Li
University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, MI, USA

Pei-Jung Lin
Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering,
Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan

Yang-Cheng Lin
Department of Industrial Design, National Cheng Kung University,
Tainan, Taiwan

Bo Liu
Department of Industrial Design, National Cheng Kung University,
Tainan, Taiwan
Chengzhen Liu
CNOOC Ener Tech-Drilling and Production Co., Tianjin, China

Shijie Liu
CNOOC Ener Tech-Drilling and Production Co., Tianjin, China

P. Loel Maansi
Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India

Gina Maestre-Gongora
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia

Sanjib Kumar Mahanta

Sri Sri University, Cuttack, India

Chetan Mali
Guest Faculty, Department of Computer Science& IT Mohanlal Sukhadia
University, Udaipur, India

Sadouanouan Malo
Algebra, Discrete Mathematics and Informatics Laboratory (LAMDI),
Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

Prabhjot Singh Manocha

Chandigarh University, Chandigarh, India

M. Manoj
School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, REVA
University, Bangalore, India

Dion Mariyanayagam
Centre for Communications Technology, London Metropolitan
University London, London, UK

Patricia Janet Uceda Martos

Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Privada del Norte, Cajamarca, Perú

Gabriela Marín-Raventós
Computer Science Graduate Program (PPCI), University of Costa Rica,
San José, Costa Rica

Harsh Mathur
Madhyanchal Professional University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

Yurley Medina-Cárdenas
Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, Ocañ a, Colombia

C. Meghana Sarvani
Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India

R. Melvin Raj
School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, REVA
University, Bangalore, India

Pawel Mielnik
Section for Rheumatology, Department for Neurology, Rheumatology
and Physical Medicine, Helse Førde, Førde, Norway

Kenichiro Mitsunari
Kobe Tokiwa University, Kobe, Japan
Osaka Kyoiku University, Osaka, Japan

Vinay Kumar Mittal

KL Deemed To Be University, Vijayawada, India
Department of ECE, KLEF, Vijayawada, India

Raghav Modi
U & P U. Patel Department of Computer Engineering, Chandubhai S.
Patel Institute of Technology (CSPIT), Charotar University of Science
and Technology (CHARUSAT), Anand, India

Harshith MohanKumar
PES University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

Carlos Montenegro
Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
Katsuhiko Murakami
The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Osaka Kyoiku University, Osaka, Japan

N. V. Muthu Lakshmi
Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati, India

Yasuo Nakata
Kobe Tokiwa University, Kobe, Japan
Osaka Kyoiku University, Osaka, Japan

Friska Natalia
Department of Information System, Universitas Multimedia Nusantara,
Tangerang, Indonesia

S. Natarajan
PES University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

Deekshith Nayak
R V College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India

Nishat Tasnim Newaz

Institute of Information Technology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka,
Bangladesh

Huber Nieto-Chaupis
Universidad Autonoma del Peru, Lima, Peru

H. Nithin
PES University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

R. Nithin
PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

Pannawat Niyomrat
Department of Computer and Information Science, Faculty of Applied
Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok,
Bangkok, Thailand
Ikuhiro Noda
Kobe Tokiwa University, Kobe, Japan
Osaka Kyoiku University, Osaka, Japan

Osama A. Omer
Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt

Masato Omori
Kobe Tokiwa University, Kobe, Japan
Osaka Kyoiku University, Osaka, Japan

K. Padmapriya
U R Rao Satellite Centre, Indian Space Research Organization,
Bangalore, India

Atharva Paliwal
Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management, Nagpur,
Maharashtra, India

Omkar Panchal
Department of Computer Engineering, Pimpri Chinchwad College of
Engineering, Nigdi, Maharashtra, India

Kajal Panda
Sri Sri University, Cuttack, India

Saptasindhu Panda
Sri Sri University, Cuttack, India

Sachin Suresh Pande

Department of Information Technology, Pune Institute of Computer
Technology, Pune, India

Janhvi Pant
Symbiosis Institute of Management Studies (SIMS), A Constituent of
Symbiosis International Deemed University, Pune, India

Punita Panwar
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jaipur Engineering
College and Research Centre, Jaipur, India

Kriti C. Parikh
Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India

Diana Teresa Parra-Sánchez

Universidad Autó noma de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, Colombia

S. Parvathy
Center for Wireless Networks and Applications (Amrita WNA),
Amritapuri, India

Ronakkumar Patel
U & P U. Patel Department of Computer Engineering, Chandubhai S.
Patel Institute of Technology (CSPIT), Charotar University of Science
and Technology (CHARUSAT), Anand, India

Jigisha Patil
Pimpri Chinchwad College of Engineering, Pune, India

Mahima Pawar
Department of Information Technology, Pune Institute of Computer
Technology, Pune, India

Manu Phogat
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SGT University,
Gurugram, India

Manu J Pillai
TKM College of Engineering, Kollam Kerala, India

Seshaiah Ponnekanti
Center for Wireless Networks and Applications (Amrita WNA),
Amritapuri, India

Makarand Prabhu
Center for Wireless Networks and Applications (Amrita WNA),
Amritapuri, India

Sharmistha Pradhan
Sri Sri University, Cuttack, India

Sathit Prasomphan
Department of Computer and Information Science, Faculty of Applied
Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok,
Bangkok, Thailand

G. Priyalakshmi
PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

Wang Qianghua
PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and
Development, Haidian, Beijing, China

Rashedur M. Rahman
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North South
University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

K. P. Rahul
Center for Wireless Networks and Applications (Amrita WNA),
Amritapuri, India

D. N. Rahul Raj
R V College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India

Krishnan Ramakrishnan
Centre for CYS, Amritha University, Coimbatore, India

Raj Rathi
Department of Information Technology, Pune Institute of Computer
Technology, Pune, India

Sandeep Gogineni Ravindrababu

Center for Secure and Dependable Systems, University of Idaho,
Moscow, Idaho, USA

Dewar Rico-Bautista
Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, Ocañ a, Colombia

Gina Alexandra Albán Rocha

Departamento de Seguridad Y Defensa, Universidad de Las Fuerzas
Armadas ESPE, Av. General Rumiñ ahui Y Ambato, Sangolquí, Ecuador

Zuzanna Rodak
Department of Graphics, Computer Vision and Digital Systems, Faculty
of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian
University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland

Yash Roy
Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management, Nagpur,
Maharashtra, India

Meghna Roy Chowdhury

Tata Consultancy Services, Mumbai, India

Parth Rustagi
Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology, Delhi, India

Sabrina Saba
Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Mostafa Salah
Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt

Manuel Sánchez-Rubio
Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Logroñ o,
Spain

María Camila Sánchez-Velásquez

Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, Ocañ a, Colombia

Paulina Maricela Jácome Santana

Escuela de Educació n Bá sica General Có rdova, Ambato, Ecuador

Rushikesh Satale
Department of Computer Engineering, Pimpri Chinchwad College of
Engineering, Nigdi, Maharashtra, India

Suraj T. Sawant
Department of Computer Science and IT, College of Engineering Pune,
Pune, India

S. Sayanth
TKM College of Engineering, Kollam Kerala, India

M. Shankar Lingam
NIRDPR MoRD, Government of India, Hyderabad, India

Suying Shao
Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China

Anjali R. Sharma
Department of Computer Science and IT, College of Engineering Pune,
Pune, India

Sonam Sharma
Tata Consultancy Services, Mumbai, India

Tushar Sharma
USME, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India

Siddhesh Sheth
Department of Computer Engineering, Pimpri Chinchwad College of
Engineering, Nigdi, Maharashtra, India

Pancham Shukla
Centre for Communications Technology, London Metropolitan
University London, London, UK

P. Shushruth Reddy
Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India
Ajay Singh
Sardar Patel Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India

Sandeep Singh
SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India

Priyanshu Sinha
Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology, Delhi, India

Shrey Kumar Sinha

Department of Information Technology, Pune Institute of Computer
Technology, Pune, India

Sumukh Sirmokadam
Tata Consultancy Services, Mumbai, India

Elki Mimar Solano Cueva

Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Privada del Norte, Cajamarca, Perú

Wenrong Song
Beijing Yadan Petroleum Technology Development Co. Ltd, Beijing,
China

Rohit Sroa
Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology, Delhi, India

Sud Sudirman
Department of Computer Science, Liverpool John Moores University,
Liverpool, UK

Atia Sultana
Department of CSE, Daffodil International University, Dhaka,
Bangladesh

Md. Faridul Islam Suny

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil
International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Jose Swaminathan
Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India

Hassane Tahir
Links Consultants, Paris, France

Burapa Tainsakukdej
Department of Computer and Information Science, Faculty of Applied
Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok,
Bangkok, Thailand

Kapil Tajane
Department of Computer Engineering, Pimpri Chinchwad College of
Engineering, Nigdi, Maharashtra, India

Kunihiko Takamatsu
Kobe Tokiwa University, Kobe, Japan
Osaka Kyoiku University, Osaka, Japan

Prajwal S. Telkar
R V College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India

N. M. Tharanitaran
PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

Tom Toby
Center for Wireless Networks and Applications (Amrita WNA),
Amritapuri, India

Krzysztof Tokarz
Department of Graphics, Computer Vision and Digital Systems, Faculty
of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian
University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland

Bianca Tonino-Heiden
University of Graz, Graz, Austria

Yaya Traore
Algebra, Discrete Mathematics and Informatics Laboratory (LAMDI),
Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

Tanmay Tumbare
Department of Computer Engineering, Pimpri Chinchwad College of
Engineering, Nigdi, Maharashtra, India

B. K. S. V. L. Varaprasad
U R Rao Satellite Centre, Indian Space Research Organization,
Bangalore, India

Prashant Vats
Department of Information Technology, Fairfield Institute of
Management and Technology, GGSIP University, New Delhi, India

Saumitra Vatsal
Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India

Luis Gonzalo Maiza Vayas

Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Ambato, Ecuador

Wilmer Patricio Collaguazo Vega

Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi, Latacunga, Ecuador

Varsha Venugopal
Center for Secure and Dependable Systems, University of Idaho,
Moscow, Idaho, USA

Akash Vijayan
TKM College of Engineering, Kollam Kerala, India

Bal S. Virdee
Centre for Communications Technology, London Metropolitan
University London, London, UK

Song Wang
College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum,
Beijing, China
Md Whaiduzzaman
Institute of Information Technology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka,
Bangladesh
School of Information Systems, Queensland University of Technology,
Brisbane, Australia

You-Hsun Wu
Department of Industrial Design, National Cheng Kung University,
Tainan, Taiwan

Tao Xuan
CNOOC Ener Tech-Drilling and Production Co., Tianjin, China

Cesar Yanez
Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador

Zahura Zaman
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil
International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022
A. K. Nagar et al. (eds.), Intelligent Sustainable Systems, Lecture Notes in Networks
and Systems 333
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6309-3_1

App OnViolet on UV Radiation Skin Care

Habits
Patricia Janet Uceda Martos1 , Laura Sofía Bazá n Díaz1 and
Elki Mimar Solano Cueva1
(1) Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Privada del Norte, Cajamarca,
Perú

Patricia Janet Uceda Martos

Email: [email protected]

Elki Mimar Solano Cueva (Corresponding author)

Email: [email protected]

Abstract
With the development of the OnViolet application, it was sought to
determine its impact on people's habits when faced with exposure to
the sun's rays. For the development of the system, OpenUp was used as
a framework. ISO 9126 was used in the technical guide for evaluating
the software, obtaining a rating from good to excellent. The research
was of an applied type and of a quasi-experimental design. We worked
with a sample of 370 young university volunteers, divided into an
experimentation group and a control group. The survey was used as a
technique and as an instrument a 20 items questionnaire, built from the
theoretical framework, validated by experts and with an acceptable
reliability by Cronbach's alpha statistic equal to 0.720, in a pilot test, to
be applied through of a pretest and a posttest. It was concluded in the
identification of a positive influence of the use of OnViolet for the
improvement of the habits of skin care of the people, obtaining in the
Chi-square test of Pearson, the items with 0.0, less than 0.05 of
significance: use protection against UV radiation; knowledge of the
maximum time of exposure to the sun without protection; knowledge
of the accepted UV radiation index for unprotected exposure; use of
means for the care and protection of the skin against UV radiation;
knowledge of applications that report on the levels of UV radiation and
recommendations on skin care; and visit the dermatologist to receive
recommendations on skin care against solar radiation.

Keywords Software – UV radiation – Sun protection

1 Introduction
In recent years, environmental pollution has increased dramatically,
generating strong damage to the ozone layer, which caused changes in
people's lifestyle due to increased exposure to the sun during the day.
These common changes have led to an increase in dermatological and
skin diseases, even reaching skin cancer, which in many cases leads to
the death of people.
For the Spanish Association Against Cancer [1], skin cancer has
increased by 5% in recent years. In 2019, American Cancer Society
estimates estimated that there were 96,480 new cases of melanoma in
the United States (about 57,220 in men and 39,260 in women) and
about 7230 people (4740 men and 2490 women) who a cause of
melanoma died; these cases increased massively during the last
30 years, generating concern and alert in the public [2].
In Peru during 2013, the Government enacted Law N° 30102 that
provides preventive measures for health due to prolonged exposure to
solar radiation, which requires public and private institutions to take
measures [3]. Even though the mortality rate due to skin cancer is 20%
of the cases detected and that Peru ranks first in the world for high
radiation (solar index of 14 points), they have not yet been developed
mobile applications, Web platforms or technology that allow the
prevention and change of habits during exposure to sunlight [4].
Likewise, the General Directorate of Epidemiology (DGE) in Peru
carried out an analysis of the cancer situation at the national level
based on epidemiological care, finding during the period 2006 and
Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
HERE BEGYNNETH A LYTELL TREATYSE,
NAMED

THE BOWGE OF COURTE.[232]

 THE PROLOGUE TO THE BOWGE OF COURTE.

In autumpne, whan the sonne in Virgine

By radyante hete enryped hath our corne;
Whan Luna, full of mutabylyte,
As emperes the dyademe hath worne
Of our pole artyke, smylynge halfe in scorne
At our foly and our vnstedfastnesse;
The tyme whan Mars to werre hym dyde dres;

I, callynge to mynde the greate auctoryte

Of poetes olde, whyche full craftely,
Vnder as couerte termes as coude be, 10
Can touche a trouth[233] and cloke it[234] subtylly
Wyth fresshe vtteraunce full sentencyously;
Dyuerse in style, some spared not vyce to wryte,[235]
Some of moralyte[236] nobly dyde endyte;

Wherby I rede theyr renome and theyr fame

Maye neuer dye, bute euermore endure:
I was sore moued to aforce the same,
But Ignoraunce full soone dyde me dyscure,[237]
And shewed that in this arte I[238] was not sure;
For to illumyne, she sayde, I was to dulle, 20
Auysynge[239] me my penne awaye to pulle,

And not to wryte;[240] for he so wyll atteyne

Excedynge ferther than his connynge is,
His hede maye be harde, but feble is his[241] brayne,
Yet haue I knowen suche er this;
But of reproche surely he maye not mys,
That clymmeth hyer than he may fotynge haue;
What and he slyde downe, who shall hym saue?

Thus vp and down my mynde was drawen and cast,

 p y y ,
That I ne wyste what to do was[242] beste; 30
So sore enwered, that I was at the laste
Enforsed to slepe and for to take some reste:
And to lye downe as soone as I me[243] dreste,
At Harwyche Porte slumbrynge as I laye,
In myne hostes house, called Powers Keye,

Methoughte I sawe a shyppe, goodly of sayle,

Come saylynge forth into that hauen brood,
Her takelynge ryche and of hye apparayle:
She kyste[244] an anker, and there she laye at rode.
Marchauntes her borded to see what she had lode:[245] 40
Therein they founde royall marchaundyse,
Fraghted with plesure of what ye coude deuyse.

But than I thoughte I wolde not dwell behynde;

Amonge all other I put myselfe in prece.
Than there coude I none aquentaunce fynde:
There was moche noyse; anone one cryed, Cese!
Sharpely commaundynge eche man holde hys pece:
Maysters, he sayde, the shyp that ye here see,
The Bowge of Courte it hyghte for certeynte:[246]

The owner[247] therof is lady of estate, 50

Whoos name to tell is dame Saunce-pere;
Her[248] marchaundyse is ryche and fortunate,
But who wyll haue it muste paye therfore dere;
This royall chaffre that is shypped here
Is called Fauore, to stonde in her good grace.
Than sholde ye see there pressynge in a pace

Of one and other that wolde this lady see;

Whiche sat behynde a traues[249] of sylke fyne,
Of golde of tessew the fynest that myghte be,
In a trone whiche fer clerer[250] dyde shyne 60
 In a trone whiche fer clerer dyde shyne 60
Than Phebus in his spere celestyne;
Whoos beaute, honoure, goodly porte,
I haue to lytyll connynge to reporte.

But, of eche thynge there as I toke hede,

Amonge all other was wrytten in her trone,
In golde letters, this worde, whiche I dyde rede,
Garder[251] le fortune, que est mauelz et bone!
And, as I stode redynge this verse myselfe allone,
Her chyef gentylwoman, Daunger by her name,
Gaue me a taunte, and sayde I was to blame 70

To be so perte to prese so proudly vppe:

She sayde she trowed that I had[252] eten sause;
She asked yf euer I dranke of saucys cuppe.
And I than softly answered to that clause,
That, so to saye, I had gyuen her no cause.
Than asked she me, Syr, so God thé spede,
What is thy name? and I sayde, it was Drede.

What mouyd thé, quod she, hydder to come?

Forsoth, quod I, to bye some of youre ware.
And with that worde on me she gaue a glome 80
With browes bente, and gan on me to stare
Full daynnously, and fro me she dyde fare,
Leuynge me stondynge as a mased man:
To whome there came an other gentylwoman;

Desyre her name was, and so she me tolde,

Sayenge to me, Broder,[253] be of good chere,
Abasshe you not, but hardely be bolde,
Auaunce yourselfe to aproche and come nere:
What though our chaffer be neuer so dere,
Yet I auyse you to speke, for ony drede: 90
Who spareth to speke, in fayth he spareth to spede.[254]
Maystres, quod I, I haue none aquentaunce,
That wyll for me be medyatoure and mene;
And[255] this an other, I haue but smale substaunce.
Pece, quod Desyre, ye speke not worth a bene:
Yf ye haue not, in fayth I wyll you lene
A precyous jewell, no rycher in this londe;
Bone Auenture haue here now in your honde.

Shyfte now therwith, let see, as ye can,

In Bowge of Courte cheuysaunce to make; 100
For I dare saye that there nys erthly man
But, an[256] he can Bone Auenture take,
There can no fauour nor frendshyp hym forsake;
Bone Auenture may brynge you in suche case
That ye shall stonde in fauoure and in grace.

But of one thynge I werne[257] you er[258] I goo,

She that styreth the shyp, make her your frende.
Maystres, quod I, I praye you tell me why soo,
And how I maye that waye and meanes fynde.
Forsothe, quod she, how euer blowe the wynde, 110
Fortune gydeth and ruleth all oure shyppe:
Whome she hateth shall ouer the see boorde[259] skyp;

Whome she loueth, of all plesyre[260] is ryche,

Whyles she laugheth[261] and hath luste for to playe;
Whome she hateth,[262] she casteth in the dyche,
For whan she frouneth,[263] she thynketh to make a fray;
She cheryssheth[264] him, and hym she casseth[265] awaye.
Alas, quod I, how myghte I haue her sure?
In fayth, quod she, by Bone Auenture.

Thus, in a rowe, of martchauntes a grete route 120

Suwed to Fortune that she wold be theyre frynde:
They thronge in fast, and flocked her aboute;
They thronge in fast, and flocked her aboute;
And I with them prayed her to haue in mynde.
She promysed to vs all she wolde be kynde:
Of Bowge of Court she asketh what we wold haue;
And we asked Fauoure, and Fauour she vs gaue.

Thus endeth the Prologue; and begynneth the Bowge of Courte

breuely compyled.[266]

DREDE.

The sayle is vp, Fortune ruleth our helme,

We wante no wynde to passe now ouer all;
Fauoure we haue tougher[267] than ony[268] elme,
That wyll abyde and neuer from vs fall: 130
But vnder hony ofte tyme lyeth bytter gall;
For, as me thoughte, in our shyppe I dyde see
Full subtyll persones, in nombre foure and thre.

The fyrste was Fauell, full of flatery,

Wyth fables false that well coude fayne a tale;
The seconde was Suspecte, whiche that dayly
Mysdempte eche man, with face deedly and pale;
And Haruy Hafter,[269] that well coude picke a male;
With other foure of theyr affynyte,
Dysdayne, Ryotte, Dyssymuler, Subtylte. 140

Fortune theyr frende, with whome oft she dyde daunce;

They coude not faile, thei thought, they were so sure;
And oftentymes I wolde myselfe auaunce
With them to make solace and pleasure;
But my dysporte they coude not well endure;
They sayde they hated for to dele with Drede.
Than Fauell gan wyth fayre speche me to fede.

FAUELL.

N th th l th t I d
Noo thynge erthely that I wonder so sore
As of your connynge, that is so excellent;
Deynte to haue with vs suche one in store, 150
So vertuously that hath his dayes spente;
Fortune to you gyftes of grace hath lente:
Loo, what it is a man to haue connynge!
All erthly tresoure it is surmountynge.

Ye be an apte man, as ony can be founde,

To dwell with vs, and serue my ladyes grace;
Ye be to her yea worth a thousande pounde;
I herde her speke of you within shorte[270] space,
Whan there were dyuerse that sore dyde you manace;
And, though I say it, I was myselfe your frende, 160
For here be dyuerse to you that be vnkynde.

But this one thynge ye maye be sure of me;

For, by that Lorde that bought dere all mankynde,
I can not flater, I muste be playne to thé;
And ye nede ought, man, shewe to me your mynde,
For ye haue me whome faythfull ye shall fynde;
Whyles I haue ought, by God, thou shalt not lacke,
And yf nede be, a bolde worde I dare cracke.

Nay, naye, be sure, whyles I am on your syde,

Ye maye not fall, truste me, ye maye not fayle; 170
Ye stonde[271] in fauoure, and Fortune is your gyde,
And, as she wyll, so shall our grete shyppe sayle:
Thyse lewde cok wattes[272] shall neuermore preuayle
Ageynste you hardely, therfore be not afrayde:
Farewell tyll soone; but no worde that I sayde.

DREDE.

Than thanked I hym for his grete gentylnes:

But, as me thoughte, he ware on hym a cloke,
That lyned was with doubtfull doublenes;
That lyned was with doubtfull doublenes;
Me thoughte, of wordes that he had full a poke;
His stomak stuffed ofte tymes dyde reboke: 180
Suspycyon, me thoughte, mette hym at a brayde,
And I drewe nere to herke what they two sayde.

In faythe, quod Suspecte, spake Drede no worde of me?

Why, what than? wylte thou lete men to speke?
He sayth, he can not well accorde with thé.
Twyst,[273] quod Suspecte, goo playe, hym I ne reke.
By Cryste, quod Fauell, Drede is soleyne freke:
What lete vs holde him vp, man, for a whyle?
Ye soo, quod Suspecte, he maye vs bothe begyle.

And whan he came walkynge soberly, 190

Wyth whom and ha, and with a croked loke,
Me thoughte, his hede was full of gelousy,
His eyen rollynge, his hondes faste they quoke;
And to me warde the strayte waye he toke:
God spede, broder![274] to me quod he than;
And thus to talke with me he began.

SUSPYCYON.

Ye remembre the gentylman ryghte nowe

That commaunde[275] with you, me thought, a party space?[276]
Beware of him, for, I make God auowe,
He wyll begyle you and speke fayre to your face: 200
Ye neuer dwelte in suche an other place,
For here is none that dare well other truste;
But I wolde telle you a thynge, and I durste.

Spake he a fayth no worde to you of me?

I wote, and he dyde, ye wolde me telle.
I haue a fauoure to you, wherof it be
That I muste shewe you moche[277] of my counselle:
But I wonder what the deuyll of helle
 But I wonder what the deuyll of helle
He sayde of me, whan he with you dyde talke:
By myne auyse[278] vse not with him to walke. 210

The soueraynst thynge that ony[279] man maye haue,

Is lytyll to saye, and moche[280] to here and see;
For, but I trusted you, so God me saue,
I wolde noo thynge so playne be;
To you oonly, me thynke, I durste shryue me
For now am I plenarely dysposed
To shewe you thynges that may not be disclosed.

DREDE.

Than I assured hym my fydelyte,

His counseyle secrete neuer to dyscure,[281]
Yf he coude fynde in herte to truste me; 220
Els I prayed hym, with all my besy cure,
To kepe it hymselfe, for than he myghte be sure
That noo man[282] erthly coude hym bewreye,
Whyles of his mynde it were lockte with the keye.

By God, quod he, this and thus it is;

And of his mynde he shewed me all and some.
Farewell, quod he, we wyll talke more of this:
Soo he departed there he wolde be come.
I dare not speke, I promysed to be dome:
But, as I stode musynge in my mynde, 230
Haruy Hafter[283] came lepynge, lyghte as lynde.

Vpon his breste he bare a versynge boxe;

His throte was clere, and lustely coude fayne;
Me[284] thoughte, his gowne was all furred wyth foxe;
And euer he sange, Sythe I am no thynge playne.
To kepe him frome pykynge it was a grete payne:
He gased on me with his gotyshe berde;
Whan I loked on hym, my[285] purse was half aferde.

HARUY HAFTER.[286]

Syr, God you saue! why loke ye so sadde?

What thynge is that I maye do for you? 240
A wonder thynge that ye waxe not madde!
For, and I studye sholde as ye doo nowe,
My wytte wolde waste, I make God auowe.
Tell me your mynde: me thynke, ye make a verse;
I coude it skan,[287] and ye wolde it[288] reherse.

But to the poynte shortely to procede,

Where hathe your dwellynge ben, er ye cam here?
For, as I trowe, I haue sene you indede
Er this, whan that ye made me royall chere.
Holde vp the helme, loke vp, and lete God stere: 250
I wolde be mery, what wynde that euer blowe,
Heue and how rombelow, row the bote, Norman, rowe!

Prynces of yougthe[289] can ye synge by rote?

Or shall I sayle wyth you a felashyp assaye;
For on the booke I[290] can not synge a note.
Wolde to God, it wolde please you some daye
A balade boke before me for to laye,
And lerne me to synge, Re, my, fa, sol!
And, whan I fayle, bobbe me on the noll.

Loo, what is to you a pleasure grete, 260

To haue that connynge and wayes that ye haue!
By Goddis soule, I wonder how ye gete
Soo greate pleasyre,[291] or who to you it gaue:
Syr, pardone me, I am an homely knaue,
To be with you thus perte and thus bolde;
But ye be welcome to our housholde.
And, I dare saye, there is no man here inne
But wolde be glad of your company:
I wyste neuer man that so soone coude wynne
The fauoure that ye haue with my lady; 270
I praye to God that it maye neuer dy:
It is your fortune for to haue that grace;
As I be saued, it is a wonder case.

For, as for me, I serued here many a daye,

And yet vnneth I can haue my lyuynge:
But I requyre you no worde that I saye;
For, and I knowe ony erthly thynge
That is agayne you, ye shall haue wetynge:
And ye be welcome, syr, so God me saue:
I hope here after a frende of you to haue. 280

DREDE.

Wyth that, as he departed soo fro me,

Anone ther mette with him, as me thoughte,
A man, but wonderly besene was he;
He loked hawte,[292] he sette eche man at noughte;
His gawdy garment with scornnys[293] was all wrought;
With indygnacyon lyned was his hode;
He frowned, as he wolde swere by Cockes blode;

He bote the[294] lyppe, he loked passynge coye;

His face was belymmed, as byes had him stounge:
It was no tyme with him to jape nor toye; 290
Enuye hathe wasted his lyuer and his lounge,
Hatred by the herte so had hym wrounge,
That he loked pale as asshes to my syghte:
Dysdayne, I wene, this comerous crabes hyghte.[295]

To Heruy Hafter[296] than he spake of me,

And I drewe nere to harke what they two sayde.
 d d e e e e to a e at t ey t o sayde
Now, quod Dysdayne, as I shall saued be,
I haue grete scorne, and am ryghte euyll apayed.
Than quod Heruy, why arte thou so dysmayde?
By Cryste, quod he, for it is shame to saye; 300
To see Johan Dawes, that came but yester daye,

How he is now taken in conceyte,

This doctour Dawcocke, Drede, I wene, he hyghte:
By Goddis bones, but yf we haue som sleyte,
It is lyke he wyll stonde in our[297] lyghte.
By God, quod Heruy, and it so happen myghte;
Lete vs therfore shortely at a worde
Fynde some mene to caste him ouer the borde.

By Him that me boughte, than quod Dysdayne,

I wonder sore he is in suche conceyte. 310
Turde, quod Hafter,[298] I wyll thé no thynge layne,[299]
There muste for hym be layde some prety beyte;
We tweyne, I trowe, be not withoute dysceyte:
Fyrste pycke a quarell, and fall oute with hym then,
And soo outface hym with a carde of ten.

Forthwith he made on me a prowde assawte,

With scornfull[300] loke meuyd all in moode;
He wente aboute to take me in a fawte;
He frounde, he stared, he stampped where he stoode.
I lokyd on hym, I wende he had be woode. 320
He set the arme proudly vnder the syde,
And in this wyse he gan with me to chyde.

DISDAYNE.

Remembrest thou what thou sayd yester nyght?

Wylt thou abyde by the wordes agayne?
By God, I haue of thé now grete dyspyte;
I shall thé angre ones in euery vayne:
 It is greate scorne to see suche an hayne
As thou arte, one that cam but yesterdaye,
With vs olde seruauntes suche maysters to playe.

I tell thé, I am of countenaunce: 330

What weneste I were? I trowe, thou knowe not me.
By Goddis woundes, but for dysplesaunce,
Of my querell soone wolde I venged be:
But no force, I shall ones mete with thé;
Come whan it wyll, oppose thé I shall,
What someuer auenture therof fall.

Trowest thou, dreuyll, I saye, thou gawdy knaue,

That I haue deynte to see thé cherysshed thus?
By Goddis syde, my sworde thy berde shall shaue;
Well, ones thou shalte be chermed, I wus: 340
Naye, strawe for tales, thou shalte not rule vs;
We be thy betters, and so thou shalte vs take,
Or we shall thé oute of thy clothes shake.

DREDE.

Wyth that came Ryotte, russhynge all at ones,

A rusty gallande, to-ragged and to-rente;
And on the borde he whyrled a payre of bones,
Quater treye dews he clatered as he wente;
Now haue at all, by saynte Thomas of Kente!
And euer he threwe and kyst[301] I wote nere what:
His here was growen thorowe oute his hat. 350

Thenne I behelde how he dysgysed was:

His hede was heuy for watchynge ouer nyghte,
His eyen blereed, his face shone lyke a glas;
His gowne so shorte that it ne couer myghte
His rumpe, he wente so all for somer lyghte;
His hose was garded wyth a lyste of grene,
Yet at the knee they were broken I wene
Yet at the knee they were broken, I wene.

His cote was checked[302] with patches rede and blewe;

Of Kyrkeby Kendall was his shorte demye;
And ay he sange, In fayth, decon thou crewe; 360
His elbowe bare, he ware his gere so nye;
His nose a[303] droppynge, his lyppes were full drye;
And by his syde his whynarde and his pouche,
The deuyll myghte daunce therin for ony[304] crowche.

Counter he coude O lux vpon a potte;

An[305] eestryche fedder of a capons tayle
He set vp fresshely vpon his hat alofte:
What reuell route! quod he, and gan to rayle
How ofte he hadde[306] hit Jenet on the tayle,
Of Felyce fetewse, and lytell prety Cate, 370
How ofte he knocked at her klycked gate.

What sholde I tell more of his rebaudrye?

I was ashamed so to here hym prate:
He had no pleasure but in harlotrye.
Ay, quod he, in the deuylles date,
What arte thou? I sawe thé nowe but late.
Forsothe, quod I, in this courte I dwell nowe.
Welcome, quod Ryote, I make God auowe.[307]

RYOTE.

And, syr, in fayth why comste not vs amonge,

To make thé mery, as other felowes done? 380
Thou muste swere and stare, man, al daye longe,
And wake all nyghte, and slepe tyll it be none;
Thou mayste not studye, or muse on the mone;
This worlde is nothynge but ete, drynke, and slepe,
And thus with vs good company to kepe.

Plucke vp thyne herte vpon a mery pyne

Plucke vp thyne herte vpon a mery pyne,
And lete vs laugh a placke[308] or tweyne at nale:
What the deuyll, man, myrthe was neuer one![309]
What, loo, man, see here of dyce a bale!
A brydelynge caste for that is in thy male! 390
Now haue at all that lyeth vpon the burde!
Fye on this dyce, they be not worth a turde!

Haue at the hasarde, or at the dosen browne,

Or els I[310] pas a peny to a pounde!
Now, wolde to God, thou wolde leye money downe!
Lorde, how that I wolde caste it full rounde!
Ay, in my pouche a buckell I haue founde;
The armes of Calyce, I haue no coyne nor crosse!
I am not happy, I renne ay on the losse.

Now renne muste I to the stewys syde, 400

To wete yf Malkyn, my lemman, haue gete oughte:
I lete her to hyre, that men maye on her ryde,
Her armes[311] easy ferre and nere is soughte:
By Goddis sydes; syns I her thyder broughte,
She hath gote me more money with her tayle
Than hath some shyppe that into Bordews sayle.

Had I as good an hors as she is a mare,

I durst auenture to iourney thorugh[312] Fraunce;
Who rydeth on her, he nedeth not to care,
For she is trussed for to breke a launce; 410
It is a curtel[313] that well can wynche and praunce:
To her wyll I nowe all my pouerte lege;
And, tyll I come, haue here is[314] myne hat to plege.

DREDE.

Gone is this knaue, this rybaude foule and leude;

He ran as fast as euer that he myghte:
Vnthryftynes[315] in hym may well be shewed,
For whome[316] Tyborne groneth both daye and nyghte.
And, as I stode and kyste[317] asyde my syghte,
Dysdayne I sawe with Dyssymulacyon
Standynge in sadde communicacion. 420

But there was poyntynge and noddynge with the hede,

And many wordes sayde in secrete wyse;
They wandred ay, and stode styll in no stede:
Me thoughte, alwaye Dyscymular dyde deuyse;
Me passynge sore myne herte than gan agryse,[318]
I dempte and drede theyr talkynge was not good.
Anone Dyscymular came where I stode.

Than in his hode I sawe there faces tweyne;

That one was lene and lyke a pyned goost,
That other loked as he wolde me haue[319] slayne; 430
And to me warde as he gan for to coost,
Whan that he was euen at me almoost,
I sawe a knyfe hyd in his one sleue,
Wheron was wryten this worde, Myscheue.

And in his other sleue, me thought, I sawe

A spone of golde, full of hony swete,
To fede a fole, and for to preue a dawe;[320]
And on that sleue these wordes were wrete,
A false abstracte cometh from a fals concrete:
His hode was syde, his cope was roset graye: 440
Thyse were the wordes that[321] he to me dyde saye.

DYSSYMULATION.

How do ye, mayster? ye loke so soberly:

As I be saued at the dredefull daye,
It is a perylous vyce, this enuy:
Alas a connynge man ne dwelle maye
 Alas, a connynge man ne dwelle maye
In no place well, but foles with hym[322] fraye!
But as for that, connynge hath no foo
Saue hym that nought can, Scrypture sayth soo.

I knowe your vertu and your lytterature[323]

By that lytel connynge that I haue: 450
Ye be malygned sore, I you ensure;
But ye haue crafte your selfe alwaye to saue:
It is grete scorne to se a mysproude knaue
With a clerke that connynge is to prate:
Lete theym go lowse theym, in the deuylles date!

For all be it that this longe not to me,

Yet on my backe I bere suche lewde delynge:
Ryghte now I spake with one, I trowe, I see;
But, what, a strawe! I maye not tell all thynge.
By God, I saye there is grete herte brennynge 460
Betwene the persone ye wote of, you;[324]
Alas, I coude not dele so with a Jew![325]

I wolde eche man were as playne as I;

It is a worlde, I saye, to[326] here of some:
I hate this faynynge, fye vpon it, fye!
A man can not wote where to be come:
I wys I coude tell,[327]—but humlery, home;
I dare not speke, we be so layde awayte,
For all our courte is full of dysceyte.

Now, by saynte Fraunceys, that holy man and frere, 470

I hate these[328] wayes agayne you that they take:
Were I as you, I wolde ryde them full nere;
And, by my trouthe, but yf an ende they make,
Yet wyll I saye some wordes for your sake,
That shall them angre, I holde thereon a grote;
For some shall wene be hanged by the throte.
 o so e s a e e be a ged by t e t ote

I haue a stoppynge oyster in my poke,

Truste me, and yf it come to a nede:
But I am lothe for to reyse a smoke,
Yf ye coude be otherwyse agrede; 480
And so I wolde it were, so God me spede,
For this maye brede to a confusyon,
Withoute God make a good conclusyon.

Naye, see where yonder stondeth the teder man!

A flaterynge knaue and false he is, God wote;
The dreuyll stondeth to herken, and he can:
It were more thryft, he boughte him a newe cote;
It will not be, his purse is not on flote:
All that he wereth, it is borowed ware;
His wytte is thynne, his hode is threde bare. 490

More coude I saye, but what this is ynowe:

Adewe tyll soone, we shall speke more of this:
Ye muste be ruled as I shall tell you howe;
Amendis maye be of that is now amys;
And I am your, syr, so haue I blys,
In[329] euery poynte that I can do or saye:
Gyue me your honde, farewell, and haue good daye.

DREDE.

Sodaynly, as he departed me fro,

Came pressynge in one in a wonder araye:
Er I was ware, behynde me he sayde, Bo! 500
Thenne I, astonyed of that sodeyne fraye,
Sterte all at ones, I lyked no thynge his playe;
For, yf I had not quyckely fledde the touche,
He had plucte oute the nobles of my pouche.

He was trussed in a garmente strayte:

I haue not sene suche an others page;
 I haue not sene suche an others page;
For he coude well vpon a casket wayte;
His hode[330] all pounsed and garded lyke a cage;
Lyghte lyme fynger, he toke none other wage.
Harken, quod he, loo here myne honde in thyne; 510
To vs welcome thou arte, by saynte Quyntyne.

DISCEYTE.

But, by that Lorde that is one, two, and thre,

I haue an errande to rounde in your ere:
He tolde me so, by God, ye maye truste me,
Parte[331] remembre whan ye were there,
There I wynked on you,—wote ye not where?
In A loco, I mene juxta B:
Woo is hym that is blynde and maye not see!

But to here the subtylte and the crafte,

As I shall tell you, yf ye wyll harke agayne; 520
And, whan I sawe the horsons wolde you hafte,
To holde myne honde, by God, I had grete payne;
For forthwyth there I had him slayne,
But that I drede[332] mordre wolde come oute:
Who deleth with shrewes hath nede to loke aboute.

DREDE.

And as he rounded[333] thus in myne ere

Of false collusyon confetryd by assente,
Me thoughte, I see lewde felawes here and there
Came for to slee me of mortall entente;
And, as they came, the shypborde faste I hente, 530
And thoughte to lepe; and euen with that woke,
Caughte penne and ynke, and wrote[334] this lytyll boke.

I wolde therwith no man were myscontente;

Besechynge you that shall it see or rede
 Besechynge you that shall it see or rede,
In euery poynte to be indyfferente,
Syth all in substaunce of slumbrynge doth procede:
I wyll not saye it is mater in dede,
But yet oftyme suche dremes be founde trewe:
Now constrewe ye what is the resydewe.

Thus endeth the Bowge of Courte.

 [232] The Bowge of Courte] From the ed. of Wynkyn de
Worde, n. d., in the Advocates’ Library, Edinburgh, collated with
another ed. by Wynkyn de Worde, n. d., in the Public Library,
Cambridge, and with Marshe’s ed. of Skelton’s Workes, 1568.
[233] trouth] So W. de Worde’s ed. P. L. C., and Marshe’s ed.
W. de Worde’s ed. A. L. E., “troughte.”
[234] it] Not in Marshe’s ed.
[235] wryte] So W. de Worde’s ed. P. L. C., and Marshe’s ed. W.
de Worde’s ed. A. L. E. “wrythe.”—Qy. “wyte” (i. e. blame)?
[236] moralyte] So W. de Worde’s ed. P. L. C. Other eds.
“mortalyte,” and “mortalitie.”
[237] dyscure] Both eds. of W. de Worde, “dysture.” Marshe’s
ed, “dyscur.”
[238] I] So Marshe’s ed. Not in eds. of W. de Worde.
[239] Auysynge] W. de Worde’s ed. P. L. C., and Marshe’s ed.
“Aduysynge.”
[240] wryte] So W. de Worde’s ed. P. L. C., and Marshe’s ed. W.
de Worde’s ed. A. L. E., “wrythe.”
[241] his] Not in Marshe’s ed.
[242] was] Marshe’s ed. “waa.”
[243] me] Eds. “my.”
[244] kyste] W. de Worde’s ed. P. L. C., “keste.” Marshe’s ed.
“kast.”
[245] lode] Not in Marshe’s ed.
[246] certeynte] So Marshe’s ed. Eds. of W. de Worde,
“certeynet” and “certayne.”
[247] owner] So W. de Worde’s ed. P. L. C., and Marshe’s ed.
W. de Worde’s ed. A. L. E., “awnner;” and so, perhaps, Skelton
wrote: compare Elynour Rummyng, v. 609.
[248] Her] So W. de Worde’s ed. P. L. C., and Marshe’s ed. W.
de Worde’s ed. A. L. E., “Here.”
[249] traues] Eds. “tranes.”
[250] clerer] Marshe’s ed. “clere.”
 [251] Garder] Marshe’s ed. “Garde.” (Qy. “Gardez?”)
[252] had] So Marshe’s ed. Not in W. de Worde’s eds.
[253] Broder] Marshe’s ed. “brother.”
[254] spede] Marshe’s ed. “sped.”
[255] And] Marshe’s ed. “But.”
[256] an] W. de Worde’s ed. P. L. C., and Marshe’s ed. “and.”
[257] werne] Marshe’s ed. “warne.”
[258] er] W. de Worde’s ed. P. L. C., “or.”
[259] see boorde] Marshe’s ed. “shyp borde.”
[260] plesyre] W. de Worde’s ed. P. L. C., and Marshe’s ed.
“pleasure.”
[261] laugheth] So W. de Worde’s ed. P. L. C., and Marshe’s ed.
W. de Worde’s ed. A. L. E., “laughed.”
[262] hateth] So W. de Worde’s ed. P. L. C., and Marshe’s ed.
W. de Worde’s ed. A. L. E., “hateh.”
[263] frouneth] So W. de Worde’s ed. P. L. C., and Marshe’s ed.
W. de Worde’s ed. A. L. E., “fronneth.”
[264] cherysseth] Eds. “cherysshed.”
[265] casseth] W. de Worde’s ed. P. L. C., “casteth.” Marshe’s
ed. “chasseth.”
[266] and begynneth ... compyled] Not in Marshe’s ed.
[267] tougher] So W. de Worde’s ed. P. L. C., and Marshe’s ed.
W. de Worde’s ed. A. L. E., “toughther.”
[268] ony] Marshe’s ed. “any.”
[269] Hafter] Eds. “Haster.” See notes.
[270] shorte] W. de Worde’s ed. P. L. C., “a shorte.”
[271] stonde] Marshe’s ed. “stande.”
[272] Thyse lewde cok wattes] Marshe’s ed. “These lewd cok
witts.”
[273] Twyst] W. de Worde’s ed. P. L. C., “Whist.” Marshe’s ed.
“Twysshē.”
[274] spede, broder] Marshe’s ed. “sped, brother.”
[275] commaunde] W. de Worde’s ed. P. L. C., “commened.”
 [276] a party space] So W. de Worde’s ed. P. L. C. Other eds.
“a party spake.” Qy. “a praty (pretty) space?”
[277] moche] Marshe’s ed. “muche.”
[278] auyse] Marshe’s ed. “aduyse.”
[279] ony] Marshe’s ed. “any.”
[280] moche] Marshe’s ed. “muche.”
[281] dyscure] So Marshe’s ed. Eds. of W. de Worde, “dysture.”
[282] man] So W. de Worde’s ed. P. L. C., and Marshe’s ed. W.
de Worde’s ed. A. L. E., “wan.”
[283] Hafter] Eds. “Haster.”
[284] Me] So W. de Worde’s ed. P. L. C., and Marshe’s ed. W.
de Worde’s ed. A. L. E., “My.”
[285] my] Marshe’s ed. “me.”
[286] Hafter] Eds. “Haster.”
[287] skan] So Marshe’s ed. Eds. of W. de Worde, “stan.”
[288] it] Not in Marshe’s ed.
[289] yougthe] So W. de Worde’s ed. P. L. C. Other eds.
“youghte.”
[290] I] So Marshe’s ed. Not in eds. of W. de Worde.
[291] pleasyre] Marshe’s ed. “pleasure.”
[292] hawte] Marshe’s ed. “hawtie.”
[293] scornnys] Eds. of W. de Worde, “storunys.” Marshe’s ed.
“scornes.”
[294] the] W. de Worde’s ed. P. L. C., “his.”
[295] this comerous crabes hyghte] Eds. of W. de Worde, “his
comerous carbes hyghte.” Marshe’s ed. “his comerous crabes
hyghte.”
[296] Hafter] Eds. “Haster.”
[297] our] Marshe’s ed. “your.”
[298] Hafter] Eds. “Haster.”
[299] layne] So W. de Worde’s ed. P. L. C. Other eds. “sayne.”
[300] scornfull] Marshe’s ed. “scorfull.”
 [301] kyst] W. de Worde’s ed. P. L. C., “kest.”
[302] checked] Marshe’s ed. “checkerd.”
[303] a] Not in Marshe’s ed.
[304] ony] Marshe’s ed. “any.”
[305] An] Marshe’s ed. “And.”
[306] hadde] Not in Marshe’s ed.
[307] auowe] So Marshe’s ed. Eds. of W. de Worde, “auwe.”
[308] placke] Marshe’s ed. “plucke,”—perhaps, the right
reading.
[309] was neuer one] Marshe’s ed. “is here within.”
[310] I] Not in W. de Worde’s ed. P. L. C.
[311] armes] So Marshe’s ed. Eds. of W. de Worde, “harmes.”
[312] thorugh] Marshe’s ed. “through.”
[313] curtel] So Marshe’s ed. Eds of W. de Worde, “curtet.”
[314] is] Not in Marshe’s ed.; but see notes.
[315] Vnthryftynes] So Marshe’s ed. Eds. of W. de Worde,
“Vnthryftnes.”
[316] whome] So Marshe’s ed. Other eds. “home.”
[317] kyste] Marshe’s ed. “caste.”
[318] agryse] Eds. “aryse.” See notes.
[319] me haue] W. de Worde’s ed. P. L. C., “haue me.”
[320] preue a dawe] So W. de Worde’s ed. P. L. C. Other eds.
“preye a dawe.”
[321] that] So Marshe’s ed. Not in other eds.
[322] hym] So W. de Worde’s ed. P. L. C. Not in other eds.
[323] lytterature] So W. de Worde’s ed. P. L. C. Other eds.
“lytterkture.”
[324] you] So W. de Worde’s ed. P. L. C. Other eds. “Iou.”
[325] a Jew] W. de Worde’s ed. A. L. E., “a yew.” W. de Worde’s
ed. P. L. C., and Marshe’s ed., “an yew.”
[326] to] So other eds. W. de Worde’s ed. A. L. E., “te.”
[327] tell] W. de Worde’s ed. P. L. C., “not tell.”
 [328] these] So W. de Worde’s ed. P. L. C. Other eds. “this.”
[329] In] Marshe’s ed. “To.”
[330] hode] Marshe’s ed. “body.”
[331] Parte] Qy. “Parde” (Par dieu—in sooth)?
[332] drede] So other eds. W. de Worde’s ed. A. L. E., “drde.”
[333] rounded] So other eds. W. de Worde’s ed. A. L. E.,
“roynded.”
[334] wrote] So other eds. W. de Worde’s ed. A. L. E., “wroth.”
HERE AFTER[335] FOLOWETH THE BOKE OF
PHYLLYP SPAROWE,
COMPYLED BY MAYSTER SKELTON, POETE
LAUREATE.
Pla ce bo,
Who is there, who?
Di le xi,
Dame Margery;
Fa, re, my, my,
Wherfore and why, why?
For the sowle of Philip Sparowe,
That was late slayn at Carowe,
Among the Nones Blake,
For that swete soules sake, 10
And for all sparowes soules,
Set in our bederolles,
Pater noster qui,
With an Ave Mari,
And with the corner of a Crede,
The more shalbe your mede.
Whan I remembre agayn
How mi Philyp was slayn,
Neuer halfe the payne
Was betwene you twayne, 20
Pyramus and Thesbe,
As than befell to me:
I wept and I wayled,
The tearys downe hayled;
But nothynge it auayled
To call Phylyp agayne,
Whom Gyb our cat hath slayne.
Gib, I saye, our cat
Worrowyd her on that
Which I loued best: 30
It can not be exprest
My sorowfull heuynesse,
But all without redresse;
For within that stounde,
Halfe slumbrynge, in a sounde
I fell downe to the grounde.
Vnneth I kest myne eyes
Towarde the cloudy skyes:
But whan I dyd beholde
My sparow dead and colde, 40
No creatuer but that wolde
Haue rewed vpon me,
To behold and se
What heuynesse dyd me pange;
Wherewith my handes I wrange,
That my senaws cracked,
As though I had ben racked,
So payned and so strayned,
That no lyfe wellnye remayned.
I syghed and I sobbed, 50
For that I was robbed
Of my sparowes lyfe.
O mayden, wydow, and wyfe,
Of what estate ye be,
Of hye or lowe degre,
Great sorowe than ye myght se,
And lerne to wepe at me!
Such paynes dyd me frete,
That myne hert dyd bete,
My vysage pale and dead, 60
Wanne, and blewe as lead;
The panges of hatefull death
Wellnye had[336] stopped my breath.
Heu, heu, me,
That I am wo for thé!
Ad Dominum, cum tribularer, clamavi:
Of God nothynge els craue I
But Phyllypes soule to kepe
From the marees deepe
Of Acherontes well, 70
That is a flode of hell;
 ;
And from the great Pluto,
The prynce of endles wo;
And from foule Alecto,
With vysage blacke and blo;
And from Medusa, that mare,
That lyke a fende doth stare;
And from Megeras edders,
For[337] rufflynge of Phillips fethers,
And from her fyry sparklynges, 80
For burnynge of his wynges;
And from the smokes sowre
Of Proserpinas bowre;
And from the dennes darke,
Wher Cerberus doth barke,
Whom Theseus dyd afraye,
Whom Hercules dyd outraye,
As famous poetes say;
From[338] that hell hounde,
That lyeth in cheynes bounde, 90
With gastly hedes thre,
To Jupyter pray we
That Phyllyp preserued may be!
Amen, say ye with me!
Do mi nus,
Helpe nowe, swete Jesus!
Levavi oculos meos in montes:[339]
Wolde God I had Zenophontes,[340]
Or Socrates the wyse,
To shew me their deuyse, 100
Moderatly to take
This sorow that I make
For Phyllip Sparowes sake!
So feruently I shake,
I fele my body quake;
So vrgently I am brought
f ll h h
Into carefull thought.
Like Andromach,[341] Hectors wyfe,
Was wery of her lyfe,
Whan she had lost her ioye, 110
Noble Hector of Troye;
In lyke maner also
Encreaseth my dedly wo,
For my sparowe is go.
It was so prety a fole,
It wold syt[342] on a stole,
And lerned after my scole
For to kepe his cut,
With, Phyllyp, kepe your cut!
It had a veluet cap, 120
And wold syt vpon my lap,
And seke after small wormes,
And somtyme white bred crommes;
And many tymes and ofte
Betwene my brestes softe
It wolde lye and rest;
It was propre and prest.
Somtyme he wolde gaspe
Whan he sawe a waspe;
A fly or a gnat, 130
He wolde flye at that;
And prytely he wold pant
Whan he saw an ant;
Lord, how he wolde pry
After the butterfly!
Lorde, how he wolde hop
After the gressop!
And whan I sayd, Phyp, Phyp,
Than he wold lepe and skyp,
And take me by the lyp. 140
Alas, it wyll me slo,
That Phillyp is gone me fro!
That Phillyp is gone me fro!
Si in i qui ta tes,
Alas, I was euyll at ease!
De pro fun dis cla ma vi,
Whan I sawe my sparowe dye!
Nowe, after my dome,
Dame Sulpicia[343] at Rome,
Whose name regystred was
For euer in tables of bras, 150
Because that[344] she dyd pas
In poesy to endyte,
And eloquently[345] to wryte,
Though she wolde pretende
My sparowe to commende,
I trowe she coude not amende
Reportynge the vertues all
Of my sparowe royall.
For it wold come and go,
And fly[346] so to and fro; 160
And on me it wolde lepe
Whan I was aslepe,
And his fethers[347] shake,
Wherewith he wolde make
Me often for to wake,
And for to take him in
Vpon my naked skyn;
God wot, we thought no syn:
What though[348] he crept so lowe?
It was no hurt, I trowe, 170
He dyd nothynge perde
But syt vpon my kne:
Phyllyp, though he were nyse,
In him it was no vyse;
Phyllyp had leue to go
To pyke my lytell too;
Phillip myght be bolde
Phillip myght be bolde
And do what he wolde;
Phillip wolde seke and take
All the flees blake 180
That he coulde there espye
With his wanton eye.
O pe ra,
La, soll, fa, fa,
Confitebor tibi, Domine, in[349] toto corde meo.
Alas, I wold ryde and go
A thousand myle of grounde!
If any such might be found,
It were worth an hundreth pound
Of kynge Cresus golde, 190
Or of Attalus[350] the olde,
The ryche prynce of Pargame,
Who so lyst the story to se.
Cadmus, that his syster sought,
And he shold be bought
For golde and fee,
He shuld ouer the see,
To wete if he coulde brynge
Any of the ofsprynge,[351]
Or any of the blode. 200
But whoso vnderstode
Of Medeas arte,
I wolde I had a parte
Of her crafty magyke!
My sparowe than shuld be quycke
With a charme or twayne,
And playe with me agayne.
But all this is in vayne
Thus for to complayne.
I toke my sampler ones, 210
Of purpose, for the nones,
To sowe with stytchis of sylke