MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS

LEGENDS

Class Work Homework Challenge Yourself Strongly recommended to practice Evaluation

1.

2.

3.

4.
 Matrices & the Determinants
Properties associated with various operations of Matrices & the Determinants :

a) AB = I = BA  A −1 = B and B−1 = A b) AA–1 = I or A–1A = I, A–1I = A–1

−1
c) (AB) −1 = B−1A −1 d) ( ABC ) = C−1B−1A −1
e) (A −1 ) −1 = A f) (A T ) −1 = (A −1 ) T
g) A ( adj.A ) = ( adj.A ) A = |A| I h) adj. ( AB) = ( adj.B)( adj.A )
i) adj.( A T ) = ( adj.A)T j) ( adj.A) −1 = ( adj.A −1 )
n −1
k) adj.A = | A | , , where n is order of A (if | A |  0 i.e., A is a non-singular matrix)
l) |AB| = |A||B| m) |A. adj.A| = |A|n, where n is order of A
1
n) A −1 = , iff matrix A is invertible o) |A| = |AT|
A
p) kA = k n A where n is order of square matrix A and k is any scalar.
n−2
q) If A is a non-singular matrix of order n, then adj.(adj.A) = A A.
( n −1)2
r) If A is a non-singular matrix of order n, then adj.(adj.A) = A .

s) If A is a matrix of order n then, adj.(k A) = k n −1 (adjA)

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
1. If 𝐴 is an invertible matrix, then which of the following is not true
(a) (𝐴2 )−1 = 𝐴−2
(b) |𝐴−1 | = |𝐴|−1
(c) (𝐴𝑇 )−1 = (𝐴−1 )𝑇
(d) |𝐴| ≠ 0

2. If 𝐴 is an invertible matrix of order 3 , then which of the following is not true:

(a) |adj⁡ 𝐴| = |𝐴|2
(b) (𝐴−1 )−1 = 𝐴
(c) If 𝐵𝐴 = 𝐶𝐴, then 𝐵 ≠ 𝐶, where 𝐵 and 𝐶 are square matrices of order 3
(d) (𝐴𝐵)−1 = 𝐵−1 𝐴−1 , where 𝐵 = [𝑏𝑖𝑗 ]3×3 and |𝐵| ≠ 0

3. 3 4 −2 −2
If 𝐴 = [ ],𝐵 = [ ], then (𝐴 + 𝐵)−1
2 4 0 −1
(a) is a skew-symmetric matrix
(b) 𝐴−1 + 𝐵−1
(c) does not exist
(d) none of these

4. 𝑎 𝑏
If 𝑆 = [ ], then adj 𝐴 is
𝑐 𝑑
−𝑑 −𝑏
(a) [ ]
−𝑐 𝑎
𝑑 −𝑏
(b) [ ]
−𝑐 𝑎
 𝑑 𝑏
(c) [ ]
𝑐 𝑎
𝑑 𝑐
(d) [ ]
𝑏 𝑎

5. If 𝐴 is a singular matrix, then adj 𝐴 is

(a) non-singular
(b) singular
(c) symmetric
(d) not defined

6. If 𝐴, 𝐵 are two 𝑛 × 𝑛 non-singular matrices, then

(a) 𝐴𝐵 is non-singular
(b) 𝐴𝐵 is singular
(c) (𝐴𝐵)−1 = 𝐴−1 𝐵−1
(d) (𝐴𝐵)−1 does not exist

7. 𝑎 0 0
If 𝐴 = [0 𝑎 0], then the value of |adj 𝐴| is
0 0 𝑎
(a) 𝑎27
(b) 𝑎9
(c) 𝑎6
(d) 𝑎2

8. 1 2 −1
If 𝐴 = [−1 1 2], then det(adj(adj 𝐴)) is
2 −1 1
(a) 144
(b) 143
(c) 142
(d) 14

9 If 𝐵 is a non-singular matrix and 𝐴 is a square matrix, then det(𝐵−1 𝐴𝐵) is equal to

(a) Det(𝐴−1 )
(b) Det(𝐵−1 )
(c) Det(𝐴)
(d) Det(𝐵)

10. 10 0
For any 2 × 2 matrix, if 𝐴(adj 𝐴) = [ ], then |𝐴| is equal to
0 10
(a) 20
(b) 100
(c) 10
(d) 0
11. If 𝐴5 = 𝑂 such that 𝐴𝑛 ≠ 𝐼 for 1 ≤ 𝑛 ≤ 4, then (𝐼 − 𝐴)−1 equals
(a) 𝐴4
(b) 𝐴3
(c) 𝐼 + 𝐴
(d) none of these

12. If A satisfies the equation 𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 𝜆 = 0, then 𝐴−1 exists if

(a) 𝜆 ≠ 1
(b) 𝜆 ≠ 2
(c) 𝜆 ≠ −1
(d) 𝜆 ≠ 0

13. If for the matrix 𝐴, 𝐴3 = 𝐼, then 𝐴−1 =

(a) 𝐴2
(b) 𝐴3
(c) 𝐴
(d) none of these

14. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are square matrices such that 𝐵 = −𝐴−1 𝐵𝐴, then (𝐴 + 𝐵)2 =
(a) 𝑂
(b) 𝐴2 + 𝐵2
(c) 𝐴2 + 2𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵2
(d) 𝐴 + 𝐵

15. 2 −1 3
The matrix [ 𝜆 0 7] is not invertible for
−1 1 4
(a) 𝜆 = −1
(b) 𝜆 = 0
(c) 𝜆 = 1
(d) 𝜆 ∈ 𝑅 − {1} [CBSE 2020]

16. For non-singular square matrix 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 of the same order (𝐴𝐵−1 𝐶)−1 =
(a) 𝐴−1 𝐵𝐶 −1
(b) 𝐶 −1 𝐵−1 𝐴−1
(c) 𝐶𝐵𝐴−1
(d) 𝐶 −1 𝐵𝐴−1

17 If 𝐴 is a square matrix such that 𝐴2 = 𝐴, then (𝐼 − 𝐴)3 + 𝐴 is equal to

(a) 𝐼
(b) O
(c) 𝐼 − 𝐴
(d) 𝐼 + 𝐴

18 2 𝜆 −3
If 𝐴 = [0 2 5 ], then 𝐴−1 exists if
1 1 3
(a) 𝜆 = 2
(b) 𝜆 ≠ 2
(c) 𝜆 ≠ −2
(d) none of these

19 18. If 𝐴 is a matrix of order 3 and |𝐴| = 8, then |adj 𝐴| =

(a) 1
(b) 2
 (c) 23
(d) 26

20 If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are invertible matrices, then which one of the following is not correct?
(a) adj 𝐴 = |𝐴|𝐴−1
(b) det⁡(𝐴−1 ) = [det⁡(𝐴)]−1
(c) (𝐴𝐵)−1 = 𝐵−1 𝐴−1
(d) (𝐴 + 𝐵)−1 = 𝐵−1 + 𝐴−1

21 𝑥 0 0
If 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 are non-zero real numbers, then the inverse of the matrix 𝐴 = [0 𝑦 0], is
0 0 𝑧
𝑥 −1 0 0
(a) [ 0 𝑦 −1 0 ]
0 0 𝑧 −1
𝑥 −1 0 0
(b) 𝑥𝑦𝑧 [ 0 𝑦 −1 0 ]
0 0 𝑧 −1
𝑥 0 0
1
(c) 𝑥𝑦𝑧 [0 𝑦 0]
0 0 𝑧
1 0 0
1
(d)
𝑥𝑦𝑧
[ 0 1 0]
0 0 1

22 If 𝐴 is a square matrix such that 𝐴2 = 𝐼, then 𝐴−1 is equal to

(a) 𝐴 + 𝐼
(b) 𝐴
(c) 0
(d) 2𝐴

23 1 2 1 0
Let 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐵 = [ ] and 𝑋 be a matrix such that 𝐴 = 𝐵𝑋, then 𝑋 is equal to
3 −5 0 2
1 2 4
(a) [ ]
2 3 −5
1 −2 4
(b) [ ]
2 3 5
2 4
(c) [ ]
3 −5
(d) none of these

24 2 3
If 𝐴 = [ ] be such that 𝐴−1 = 𝑘𝐴, then 𝑘 equals
5 −2
(a) 19
1
(b) 19
(c) -19
1
(d) −
19

25 1 2 2
1
If 𝐴 = 3 [2 1 −2] satisfies 𝐴𝑇 𝐴 = 𝐼, then 𝑥 + 𝑦 =
𝑥 2 𝑦
(a) 3
(b) 0
(c) -3
(d) 1
26 1 0 1
If 𝐴 = [0 0 1], then 𝑎𝐼 + 𝑏𝐴 + 2𝐴2 equals
𝑎 𝑏 2
(a) 𝐴
(b) −𝐴
(c) 𝑎𝑏𝐴
(d) none of these

27 1 − tan 𝜃 1 tan 𝜃 𝑎 −𝑏
If [ ][ ]−1= [ ], then
tan 𝜃 1 − tan 𝜃 1 𝑏 𝑎
(a) 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 1
(b) 𝑎 = cos 2𝜃 , 𝑏 = sin 2𝜃
(c) 𝑎 = sin 2𝜃 , 𝑏 = cos 2𝜃
(d) none of these

28 If a matrix 𝐴 is such that 3𝐴3 + 2𝐴2 + 5𝑎 + 𝐼 = 0, then 𝐴−1 is equal to

(a) −(3𝐴2 + 2𝐴 + 5)
(b) 3𝐴2 + 2𝐴 + 5
(c) 3𝐴2 − 2𝐴 − 5
(d) none of these

29 If 𝐴 is an invertible matrix, then det(𝐴−1 ) is equal to

(a) det(𝐴)
1
(b) det(𝐴)
(c) 1
(d) none of these
30 3 2 4 1
It is given that 𝑋 [ ]=[ ]. Then matrix 𝑋 is
1 −1 2 3
1 0
(a) [ ]
0 1
0 −1
(b) [ ]
1 1
1 1
(c) [ ]
1 −1
1 −1
(d) [ ]
1 −1

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (SA)- TYPE 1 ( 2 marks)

31. 4 6
If A =   , then what is the value of A.(adj. A)?
7 5
32.  2k + 3 4 5 
 
For what value of k,  −4 0 −6  is a skew-symmetric matrix
 −5 6 −2k − 3 

33. If A is a square matrix such that A2 = A, then write the value of (I + A)2 – 3A

34.  1 2  3 1   7 11 
If   =  , then write the value of k..
 3 4  2 5   k 23 
35 If A is a square matrix such that A2 = I , then find the simplified value of
(A − I)3 + (A + I)3 − 7A .

36  3 5
If A =   is written as A = P + Q , where P is a symmetric matrix and Q is skew symmetric
7 9
matrix, then write the matrix P.

37 Write the number of all possible matrices of order 2  2 with each entry 1, 2 or 3

38  2 −3 
Show that A =   satisfies the equation x − 6x + 17I = O . Hence find A .
2 –1

3 4 

39 If A is a square matrix of order 3 such that |adj A| = 225, find |A |

40 If A is a square matrix of order 3 such that |adj A| = 64, find the value of |A

41 The value of determinant of a matrix A of order 3 is 4. Find the value of |5A|.

42 Let A be a square matrix of order 3  3 . Write the value of |2A|, where |A| = 4.

43  5 − x x + 1
For what value of x, the matrix   is singular?
 2 4 

44 1+ x 7 − x 5 2
If = , then write the value of x.
3−x 2+x 4 3

45 5 3 8
If  = 2 0 1 , write the minor of the element a 32
1 2 3

46 1 2
If A =   , then find the value of k if |2A| = k |A|
4 2

47 2 3 
If A =   , then write A −1
5 −2
48 If A is a square matrix such that | A | = 5 , write the value of | AA T |

49 1 2   1 −4 
If A =   and B =   , find | AB | .
 3 −1  3 −2 

50 a. If A is a 3  3 matrix and |3A| = k|A|, then write the value of k.

b. A and B are square matrices of order 3 each, A = 2 and B = 3. Find 3AB .
51 8 0 
If for any 2  2 square matrix A, A(adj.A) =   , then write the value of |A|.
0 8 
52 If A = [aij] is a matrix of order 2  2 , such that |A| = –15 and Cij represents the cofactor of aij,
then find a 21C 21 + a 22 C 22 .

53  −3 2 
Find the inverse of the matrix   . Hence, find the matrix P satisfying the matrix
 5 −3
 −3 2  1 2 
equation P  = .
 5 −3  2 −1

54 2 0 1
If A =  2 1 3  find A 2 − 5A + 4 I and hence find a matrix X such that
 
 1 −1 0 
 

A 2 − 5A + 4 I + X = O .

55 Express the following matrix as the sum of a symmetric and a skew-symmetric matrix :
 1 3 5
 
 −6 8 3  .
 −4 6 5 
 
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS ( 5 MARKS)

56 2 0 1
If A =  2 1 3  find A 2 − 5A + 4 I and hence find a matrix X such that
 
 1 −1 0 
 

A 2 − 5A + 4 I + X = O .

57 1 −1 a 1 
If A =   and B =   and (A + B) 2 = A 2 + B2 , then find the values of a & b
 2 −1  b −1

58  1 2 3   −7 −8 −9 
If X  =  , then find the matrix X.
 4 5 6  2 4 6 

59
1 0 2
 
If A =  0 2 1  and A3 − 6A2 + 7A + k I3 = O , find k.
 2 0 3
 
60
 1 2 −3 
 
If A =  2 3 2  , find A–1. Hence solve the following system of equations:
 3 −3 −4 
 x + 2 y − 3z = −4, 2x + 3y + 2 z = 2, 3x − 3y − 4 z = 11 .

61  −4 4 4  1 −1 1 
Find  −7 1 3  1 −2 −2  . Use this to solve the system of equations :
  
 5 −3 −1  2 1 3 

x − y + z = 4, x − 2 y − 2 z = 9, 2 x + y + 3z = 1

62
 3 −1 1   1 2 −2 
If A = −15 6 −5 and B =  −1 3

−1  0  , find (AB) −1 .
   
 5 −2 2   0 −2 1 

63 3 2 1 
 
If A = 4 −1 2 , then find A–1. Hence solve the following system of equations
 
 7 3 −3 
 
3x + 2 y + z = 6, 4 x − y + 2 z = 5, 7 x + 3 y − 3z = 7 .

64  2 −3 5 
 
If A =  3 2 −4  , then find A–1 and hence solve the system of linear equations :
 1 1 −2 
 
2x − 3y + 5z = 11 , 3x + 2y – 4z = –5, x + y – 2z = –3

65  −4 4 4  1 −1 1 

Determine the product −7 1 3  1 −2 −2  and use it to solve the system of equations

 5 −3 −1  2 1 3 
x − y + z = 4, x − 2y − 2z = 9 , 2x + y + 3z = 1.
66
1 1 1 
 
If A = 1 0 2 , find A–1. Hence, solve the following system of equations :
 
3 1 1 
x + y + z = 6, x + 2z = 7, 3x + y + z = 12 .

67 1 −1 2   −2 0 1 
  
a. Use product 0 2 −3 9 2 −3 to solve the system of equations x + 3z = 9,
  
 3 −2 4   6 1 −2 
−x + 2y − 2z = 4 , 2x − 3y + 4z = −3
 ASSERTION AND REASONING QUESTIONS
Each of the following questions contains statement-1 (Assertion) and STATEMENT-2 (Reason)
and has following four choices (a), (b), (c) and (d), only one of which is the correct answer. Mark
the correct choice.

(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true;Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.

(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for
Statement-1.

(c) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.

(d) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.

68. 2 0 1
Assertion: If 𝐴 = [0 5 3 ], then |adj 𝐴| = 900.
0 0 −3
Reason : |adj⁡ 𝐴| = |𝐴|n−1

69. 3 0 0
Assertion If 𝐴 = [0 5 0], then Det⁡(𝐴) = 105
0 0 7

Reason :The determinant of a diagonal matrix is equal to the product of its diagonal
elements.

70. Assertion: adj(adj 𝐴) = 𝐴

Reason: |adj 𝐴| = |𝐴|

CASE STUDY QUESTIONS ( 4 MARKS)

71. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow:
The nut and bolt manufacturing business has gained popularity due to the rapid Industrialization and
introduction of the Capital - Intensive Techniques in the Industries that are used as the Industrial
fasteners to connect various machines and structures.Mr.Suresh is in Manufacturing business of Nuts
and bolts. He produces three types of bolts, x, y, and z which he sells in two markets. Annual sales (in
₹ ) indicated below:

Markets Products x y z I 10000 2000 18000 II 6000 20000 8000

1. If unit sales prices of x, y and z are₹ 2.50, ₹ 1.50 and ₹ 1.00 respectively, then find the total
revenue collected from Market - I &II. (1)

2. If the unit costs of the above three commodities are₹ 2.00, ₹ 1.00 and 50 paise respectively,
then find the cost price in Market I and Market II. (1)

3. If the unit costs of the above three commodities are₹ 2.00, ₹ 1.00 and 50 paise respectively,
then find gross profit from both the markets. (2)
 OR

If matrix A = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ]2×2 where a 𝑖𝑗 = 1, if i ≠ j and a 𝑖𝑗 = 0, if i = j then find A 2 . (2)

72 Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow:
In a city there are two factories A and B. Each factory produces sports clothes for boys and girls.
There are three types of clothes produced in both the factories type I, type II and type III. For boys the
number of units of types I, II and III respectively are 80, 70 and 65 in factory A and 85, 65 and 72 are
in factory B. For girls the number of units of types I, II and III respectively are 80, 75, 90 in factory A
and 50, 55, 80 are in factory B.

1. Write the matrix P, if P represents the matrix of number of units of

each type produced by factory A for both boys and girls. (1)

2. Write the matrix Q, if Q represents the matrix of number of units of

each type produced by factory B for both boys are girls. (1)

3. Find the total production of sports clothes of each type for boys. (2)

OR

Find the total production of sports clothes of each type for girls. (2)
73 Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow:

Area of a triangle whose vertices are (x1 , y 1 ), (x 2 , y 2 ) and (x 3 , y 3 ) is given by the determinant
1 𝑥1 𝑦1 1
𝛥 = |𝑥2 𝑦2 1|
2 𝑥 𝑦 1
3 3
Since, area is a positive quantity, so we always take the absolute value of the determinant A. Also, the
area of the triangle formed by three collinear points is zero.
4. Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are ( - 2, 6), (3, - 6), and (1, 5). (1)

5. If the points (2, - 3), (k, - 1) and (0, 4) are collinear, then find the value of 4k. (1)

6. If the area of a triangle ABC, with vertices A(1, 3), B(0, 0) and C(k, 0) is 3 sq. units, then find
the value of k. (2)

OR

Using determinants, find the equation of the line joining the points A(1, 2) and B(3, 6). (2)
 ANSWER KEY
OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (1MARK)
1.

31.

32.

33. I
34. K=17
35. A
36.

37.
81

38.

39.
15

40.
8

41. 500

42.
32

43.
3

44.
X=2
45.
-11
46.
4
47.

48. 25
49. -70
50. a) k=27
b)162
51. 8
52. -15
53..

54.

55.

56

57
a=1 and b=4

58

59
K=2
60
X=3, y=-2, z=1
61
X=3, y=-2, z=-1
62

63 X=1, y=1, z=1

64 X=3, y=1, z=2

65 X=3, y=-2, z=-1

66
X=3, y=1, z=2
67 X=0,y=5, z=3

68 a
69 a
70 d
71

72

73
1)15.5
2)22.85
3) +2 or -2
Or
Y=2x