1

1
01 FAMILY AND FRIEND
In this unit, you learn h o w to:
• ask c o m m o n q u e s t i o n s a b o u t people
• r e s p o n d t o q u e s t i o n s in a n a t u r a l
Grammar
• Question formation
• The present simple
Reading
• Living w e l l a r o u n d t h e w o r l d
Hp

way • Similarities and contrasts Listening

• d e s c r i b e people y o u k n o w • Afriend of mine
• recognise collocations - w o r d s t h a t Vocabulary • O u r g e n e s or o u r c h i l d h o o d ?
go together • People y o u k n o w
• talk about h o w often you do t h i n g s • Character and habits

V O C A B U L A R Y People you kn ow LISTENING

Put t h e p e o p l e i n t h e b o x b e l o w i n t o t h r e e g r o u p s . Y o u a r e g o i n g to h e a r a c o n v e r s a t i o n b e t w e e n t w o
friends, L a u r a a n d M a y a . T h e y t a l k about the people i n
actress aunt brother cousin businessman the photo.
colleague dad flatmate friend housewife
teenager gran uncle waiter neighbour A *b 1.1 L i s t e n . W h o a r e t h e p e o p l e i n t h e p h o t o ?
sister nurse lawyer retired boyfriend

]
2
B Complete the questions. Listen a n d check.

B T e l l a p a r t n e r a b o u t s i x d i f f e r e n t f r i e n d s or f a m i l y H o w old When How Is

m e m b e r s a n d t h e j o b s t h e y do - or d i d . F o r e x a m p l e : H o w lonf What Why Do
My granddad is a retired nurse. He was working until last
year. 1 A h a v e y o u b e e n here?
My cousin Hamid is a student and he works part-time as a B: A b o u t h a l f a n hour.
waiter. 2 A do y o u k n o w her?
B: I m e t her on a b u s i n e s s t r i p .
W o r k i n pairs. C h e c k a n y w o r d s y o u don't k n o w i n the 3 A did y o u do t h a t ?
Vocabulary Builder. T h e n d i s c u s s q u e s t i o n s 1 - 3 . B: Year 1 2 a t s c h o o l .
4 A she j u s t visiting?
clever annoying pretty fit generous open B No, she's w o r k i n g here.
patient creative caring strict religious neat 5 A d o e s he do?
B He's a t e a c h e r .
1 Which adjectives often describe a n actress? a lawyer? a 6 A did h e go t h e r e ?
n u r s e ? a parent? a g r a n d p a r e n t ? a h o u s e w i f e ? B His g i r l f r i e n d is f r o m t h e r e .
2 Do y o u t h i n k e a c h a d j e c t i v e is m o r e c o m m o n f o r m e n or 7 A is he?
for w o m e n - or is it e q u a l l y c o m m o n for both? B 34.
3 W h i c h of t h e adjectives describe you? 8 A y o u get on w e l l ?
No, not really.
Choose eight words f r o m this section w h i c h w e r e n e w
for y o u or w h i c h y o u d i d n ' t k n o w w e l l . T r a n s l a t e t h e m C T h e a n s w e r s i n exercise B are w r o n g . I n pairs, discuss
into your language. Compare w h a t y o u translated w i t h w h a t t h e a n s w e r s s h o u l d b e . L o o k at t h e a u d i o s c r i p t o n
a partner. page 162 a n d check y o u r ideas.

8 OUTCOMES 2
2
 DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS
Responding naturally
n conversations, w e usually give short initial replies •
a n d t h e n explain more.
A: Really? How old is he?
B-.24
A: And do you get on well?
B: Yes. We're quite close. He's very caring and generous.

R e p e a t i n g all t h e g r a m m a r of t h e question - for

e x a m p l e , by saying He is 24years old or Yes, we
do get on. We're quite close - can be frustrating or
a n n o y i n g for t h e listener.

A C r o s s o u t a l l t h e w o r d s y o u d o n ' t r e a l l y n e e d to say.
1 A: W h e r e a r e y o u f r o m ?
NGUAGE PATTERNS B: I a m f r o m t h e C z e c h R e p u b l i c .
mm
rite t h e s e n t e n c e s in your l a n g u a g e . Translate 2 A: H a v e y o u g o t a n y b r o t h e r s or sisters?
them back into English. C o m p a r e your English t o t h e B: Yes, I've g o t b r o t h e r s a n d s i s t e r s . I've g o t t w o
original. brothers and six sisters.
My f r i e n d A n n a f r o m P o l a n d 3 A: Are y o u t h e o l d e s t ?
She's a f r i e n d f r o m m y S p a n i s h c l a s s . B: No, I'm n o t . I'm in t h e m i d d l e .
T h i s is K a r e n . She's a f r i e n d f r o m u n i v e r s i t y . 4 A: Do y o u see y o u r g r a n d p a r e n t s m u c h ?
Do y o u k n o w m y f r i e n d D a n f r o m w o r k ? B: No, I do not see t h e m m u c h . T h e y live in a
d i f f e r e n t city.
5 A: Do y o u g e t o n w i t h y o u r b r o t h e r ?
G R A M M A R Question formation B: No, w e do n o t really g e t o n . He's q u i t e a n n o y i n g .
6 A: W h e r e did y o u m e e t y o u r g i r l f r i e n d ?
For questions in t h e present s i m p l e , put do I does B: I m e t m y g i r l f r i e n d w h e n I w a s a t university. W e
efore t h e subject + infinitive a n d for questions in t h e w e r e in t h e s a m e c l a s s .
past simple, put did. 7 A: Do y o u like s p o r t ?
H o w do you know her? Does she like it here? ( p r e s e n t B: No, I d o n ' t . I h a t e it, b u t I w a l k a lot t o keep f i t .
imple)
hy did he go t h e r e ? Did you get m a r r i e d t h e r e ? B Listen a n d check your ideas.
past s i m p l e )

For present continuous questions, put t h e form of be C O N V E R S A T I O N PRACTICE

before t h e subject + -ing.
i/here are you going? Is she j u s t visiting? Y o u a r e g o i n g t o h a v e s i m i l a r c o n v e r s a t i o n s to t h e
o n e y o u h e a r d i n Listening. T h i n k of t h r e e p e o p l e
3r present perfect questions, put have before t h e y o u k n o w . O n e s h o u l d be a f r i e n d , one a m e m b e r of
subject + t h e past participle. your family, a n d one y o u decide.
H o w long have you been here? Has he seen it?
A E i t h e r d r a w s i m p l e p i c t u r e s of t h e t h r e e p e o p l e
A Put t h e w o r d s i n t h e correct o r d e r to m a k e q u e s t i o n s . or, i f y o u h a v e p h o t o s of t h e m o n a m o b i l e p h o n e ,
1 live do W h e r e y o u ? u s e t h o s e . S h o w t h e p i c t u r e s to y o u r p a r t n e r . Y o u r
2 k n o w y o u a n y o n e in t h e Do c l a s s ? p a r t n e r s h o u l d s t a r t b y a s k i n g : Who's that? a n d
3 k n o w n have H o w l o n g h i m y o u ? s h o u l d c o n t i n u e t h e c o n v e r s a t i o n b y a s k i n g at l e a s t
4 y o u are E n g l i s h s t u d y i n g W h y ? f o u r m o r e q u e s t i o n s a b o u t e a c h of t h e t h r e e p e o p l e .
5 t h i s school Have s t u d i e d y o u in before?
6 e n j o y i n g y o u t h e A r e class?
7 y o u have D i d n i c e w e e k e n d a?
8 y o u did do W h a t ?

B % 1.2 L i s t e n a n d p r a c t i s e s a y i n g t h e q u e s t i o n s .

C Ask and answer the questions i n pairs.

• Need help? Read t h e g r a m m a r reference on page 1 3 6 . Stefan

01 FAMILY AND FRIENDS 9 3

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 SPEAKING

A Work i n groups. Discuss these questions.

• W h i c h part o f y o u r c o u n t r y - or o f t h e w o r l d - do y o u
LIVING WELL
t h i n k is t h e best place:
•
•
t o be a child? W h y ?
t o be a t e e n a g e r ? W h y ?
AROUND
• to start a family? Why?
•
•
t o get old? W h y ?
Do y o u like t h e place y o u g r e w up in? W h a t w a s good
THE WORLD
/ bad a b o u t it?

READING

Y o u a r e g o i n g to r e a d a n a r t i c l e a b o u t t h e b e s t A c c o r d i n g t o a r e c e n t U N I C E F report, t h e Netherlands is
c o u n t r i e s to b e a c h i l d i n a n d to g r o w o l d i n . t h e best place in t h e w o r l d to be a child, w h i l e t h e U K is
t h e w o r s t ! T h e report l o o k e d a t areas like h e a l t h , i n c o m e
Read the article a n d a n s w e r these questions. of parents a n d e d u c a t i o n , b u t also did research into h o w
1 W h a t four reasons are given to explain w h y the children felt a b o u t their lives - a n d w h y .
N e t h e r l a n d s is so good for c h i l d r e n ? Several reasons for t h e country's success are s u g g e s t e d :
2 W h a t f o u r r e a s o n s d o e s G o r o T a n i g u c h i give t o t h e r e are plenty of p a r k s , play s p a c e s a n d facilities for t h e
e x p l a i n his l o n g life? y o u n g ; t h e p e r c e n t a g e of m o t h e r s w h o w o r k is quite l o w ;
D u t c h p a r e n t s - a n d t e a c h e r s - p u t less p r e s s u r e o n their
It is important to learn w o r d s t o g e t h e r - a n d to learn children a t s c h o o l a n d d o n ' t w o r r y a b o u t their children's
c o m m o n collocations. Collocations are w o r d s t h a t g r a d e s ; D u t c h families are generally very o p e n a n d they
often go together. T h e y can be verb + n o u n , adjective talk a b o u t e v e r y t h i n g . B e c a u s e p a r e n t s are more l i b e r a l ,
+ n o u n , etc. For e x a m p l e : t e e n a g e issues t h a t s o m e t i m e s c a u s e a r g u m e n t s in stricter
societies a r e n ' t usually a p r o b l e m in H o l l a n d . Here's w h a t
wear glasses, leave home (verb + n o u n ) D u t c h children say:
friendly neighbours, the middle child ( a d j e c t i v e +
1
noun) My p a r e n t s s p e n d a lot of t i m e w i t h m e . W e eat t o g e t h e r
t h r e e t i m e s a d a y a n d I o f t e n g o to t h e park w i t h m y m u m
t o play. W e ' r e very close. (Margot, 6)
6 C o v e r t h e text. C o m p l e t e t h e c o l l o c a t i o n s L o o k b a c k
at t h e bold w o r d s i n t h e a r t i c l e to c h e c k . I really enjoy s c h o o l m o s t of t h e t i m e . I hardly ever get
1 a report bored a n d t h e o t h e r people in my classes are usually really
2 p r e s s u r e on s o m e o n e nice a n d friendly. If I have a p r o b l e m , there's a special
3 parents t e a c h e r I c a n talk t o , w h i c h is great. (Robin, 13)
4 arguments
5 time with someone My parents are great. T h e y help m e a lot a n d they never
6 a life f o r c e m e t o d o t h i n g s I d o n ' t w a n t t o d o . M y life is very
7 fish f r e e , so I d o n ' t n e e d t o get a n g r y w i t h my p a r e n t s . T h e only
8 swimming p r o b l e m is t h a t n o w I'm older, t h e y w a n t m e t o look a f t e r
myself m o r e - a n d that's difficult. (Ysbrand, 16)
C W h i c h four collocations above are verb + n o u n - a n d
w h i c h four are adjective + n o u n ?

D I n pairs, discuss these questions. th

• W h a t do y o u t h i n k is t h e m a i n r e a s o n for t h e th
Netherlands' success? W h y ? th
• W h a t do y o u t h i n k is t h e m a i n r e a s o n for M r
T a n i g u c h i ' s long life? W h y ? L
I UN
fn

:
bu

10 OUTCOMES
4
4
 G R A M M A R the present simple

U s e t h e present s i m p l e to talk a b o u t facts (things

t h a t are a l w a y s true) or regular occurrences and
habits (things w e often / regularly do). R e m e m b e r to
add -s to t h e verb w h e n t a l k i n g a b o u t he / she / it\
My brother lives in t h e States. (= always)
We don't really get on. (= always)
Do you see your grandparents m u c h ? (= often)

W e often use adverbials of f r e q u e n c y w i t h t h e

present simple. S o m e go before t h e m a i n verb, some
go at t h e b e g i n n i n g or end of a s e n t e n c e .
I hardly ever get bored.
A/lost days, I go for a walk in t h e fields near my house.
I go s w i m m i n g once or twice a week.

A M a k e questions u s i n g the words i n brackets.

1 m a r r i e d ? (be / a n y o f y o u r b r o t h e r s or
sisters)
2 Who c l o s e s t t o in y o u r f a m i l y ? (be /
you)
3 Where f r o m o r i g i n a l l y ? (be / y o u r
parents)
4 w e l l w i t h y o u r p a r e n t s ? ( y o u / g e t on)
5 s t u d y i n g ? ( y o u / like)
6 g o o d E n g l i s h ? ( a n y o n e in y o u r f a m i l y /
speak)
7 a b r o a d ? ( a n y o n e y o u k n o w / live)
8 a n y o t h e r l a n g u a g e s ? (you / s p e a k )

B I n pairs, a s k a n d a n s w e r the eight questions above.

C C h a n g e partners. A s k a n d a n s w e r questions 1-10

b e l o w u s i n g t h e w o r d s i n t h e box. F o r e x a m p l e :
A: How often do you see your parents?
B: Every day -1 still live at home. What about you?
A: Not very often, really. A few times a year.

always usually
quite often sometimes
not very often h a r d l y ever
never every day
t w o or t h r e e t i m e s a w e e k o n c e or t w i c e a w e e k
t w o or t h r e e t i m e s a m o n t h a f e w times a year

H o w o f t e n do y o u ...
1 ... s e e y o u r p a r e n t s ?
2 ... t a l k t o y o u r p a r e n t s a b o u t y o u r p r o b l e m s ?
3 ... s e e y o u r a u n t s a n d u n c l e s a n d c o u s i n s ?
4 ... v i s i t y o u r g r a n d p a r e n t s ?
5 ... h a v e d i n n e r w i t h t h e people y o u live w i t h ?
6 ... a r g u e w i t h t h e people y o u live w i t h ?
7 ... e a t f r e s h f i s h ?
8 ... eat f r e s h f r u i t a n d v e g e t a b l e s ?
9 ... go s w i m m i n g ?
10 ... go r u n n i n g ?

• Need help? Read t h e g r a m m a r reference on page 137.

01 FAMILY AND FRIENDS 11 5

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 John and Trent Simons (aged 17)

Justinia Lewis (Biologist) Alicia and Angela Martinez (Spain)

SPEAKING LISTENING

Read the text below. T h e n discuss t h e q u e s t i o n s i n groups. Y o u a r e g o i n g to h e a r t h r e e of t h e p e o p l e i n

the photos above t a l k i n g about genes a n d
childhood.
What makes us the people we are? Where do
we get our characteristics and habits? It is one A Discuss w h y you t h i n k they're interested
i n the genes v childhood debate a n d w h a t
of the oldest debates in science. Some say it
opinion you t h i n k they w i l l have.
is our experiences in childhood - the way our
parents treat us, our experiences, our friends B % 1.4 L i s t e n . Do t h e y t h i n k t h e i r c h a r a c t e r
and our education; others say it's all the result i s m o r e b e c a u s e of g e n e s or c h i l d h o o d
experience? Does a n y t h i n g surprise y o u
of biology, it's just the genes we get from our
about their opinions?
parents.
NATIVE SPEAKER ENGLISH

1 H o w m u c h do y o u t h i n k t h e f o l l o w i n g t h i n g s are c a u s e d by Keen on
g e n e s ? H o w m u c h by c h i l d h o o d e x p e r i e n c e s ? H o w m u c h by o t h e r W e often say I'm (not) keen on s o m e t h i n g
f a c t o r s s u c h a s w h e r e y o u live? Say a p e r c e n t a g e for e a c h o n e . instead o f / (don't) like it. For e x a m p l e :
a poor s i g h t e good g r a d e s a t s c h o o l
b confidence f t h e c o l o u r o f y o u r hair I'm keen on sport.
c h o w c r e a t i v e y o u are g heart disease Neither of us are keen on dogs.
d h o w fit y o u are h criminal behaviour He's not very keen on spicy food.
2 W h a t o t h e r c a u s e s could t h e r e be?

12 OUTCOMES 6
6
I L i s t e n a g a i n a n d d e c i d e i f 1 - 1 0 a r e t r u e or f a l s e . V O C A B U L A R Y Character and habits
1 John's brother, Trent, isn't very keen o n s p o r t .
2 John's p a r e n t s see h i m a n d h i s b r o t h e r a s t w o i n d i v i d u a l A M a t c h 1-8 ( c o n t a i n i n g c h a r a c t e r a d j e c t i v e s ) w i t h a - h
people. (describing habits a n d behaviour).
3 J o h n h a s no s i m i l a r i t i e s t o h i s brother. 1 She's v e r y n e a t a n d tidy.
4 Alicia's m o t h e r is a b u s i n e s s w o m a n . 2 M y g r a n d d a d ' s very w i s e .
5 Alicia is a m b i t i o u s . 3 N e i t h e r o f us a r e very clever.
6 A c c o r d i n g t o her g r a n , Alicia's p a r e n t s are s t r i c t . 4 N e i t h e r o f us a r e very c a l m a n d p a t i e n t .
7 J u s t i n i a L e w i s s a y s people h a v e a lot of t h e s a m e g e n e s 5 I t h i n k w e ' r e all very o p e n in o u r f a m i l y .
as b a n a n a s a n d c h i m p a n z e e s . 6 M y dad's q u i t e s t r i c t , w h e r e a s m y m u m ' s a bit soft.
8 H e a r t d i s e a s e is m a i n l y a g e n e t i c p r o b l e m . 7 M y sister's v e r y d e t e r m i n e d .
9 Her p a r e n t s w e r e s c i e n t i s t s . 8 He's v e r y kind a n d c a r i n g .
10 All her f a m i l y a r e messy.
a W e h a r d l y ever g e t A g r a d e s . W e u s u a l l y o n l y g e t C s .
Read the audioscript o n page 162 a n d f i n d four words b W e a l w a y s t a l k a b o u t h o w w e f e e l . W e never hide
w h i c h a r e n e w to y o u a n d y o u ' d l i k e to r e m e m b e r . t h i n g s f r o m e a c h other,
W h a t o t h e r w o r d s go w i t h t h e m ? C o m p a r e w h a t y o u c W h e n s h e h a s d e c i d e d o n s o m e t h i n g , y o u c a n ' t stop
chose w i t h a p a r t n e r . her. S h e j u s t keeps g o i n g till s h e s u c c e e d s ,
d S h e a l w a y s p u t t h i n g s a w a y a n d keeps t h i n g s
Do y o u k n o w a n y o n e w h o i s : organised.
• a t w i n ? H o w s i m i l a r a r e t h e y t o t h e i r b r o t h e r / sister? e W e get frustrated quickly and start shouting,
• a n o n l y child? W h a t a r e t h e y like? Do y o u t h i n k b e i n g a n f I a l w a y s go t o h i m f o r a d v i c e ,
only child is good? g He a l w a y s t h i n k s a b o u t o t h e r s a n d h e l p s people,
• p r e g n a n t ? W h e n is t h e baby d u e ? h I a l w a y s ask her f o r t h i n g s b e c a u s e s h e u s u a l l y
agrees.

G R A M M A R Similarities and contrasts B I n p a i r s , test e a c h o t h e r .

Student A: s a y s e n t e n c e s f r o m a - h .
Both (of) a n d neither (of) s h o w t h a t t w o people or Student B: c l o s e y o u r book a n d s a y t h e a d j e c t i v e s in 1 - 8 .
things have s o m e t h i n g in c o m m o n . Neither is t h e
negative form of both.
Both of m y b r o t h e r s a r e q u i t e t a l l . (= I h a v e t w o P R O N U N C I A T I O N and
brothers)
Neither of m y p a r e n t s are s c i e n t i s t s , b u t t h e y both rea There are lots of pairs of w o r d s in English like neat
widely. (= t h e y ' r e n o t s c i e n t i s t s , t h e y read a lot) and tidy or kind and caring t h a t are j o i n e d by 'and'.
W h e n t h e second w o r d starts w i t h a consonant
W h e n w e are t a l k i n g a b o u t more t h a n t w o , w e can use sound,you h e a r / a n / not/aend/.
all for positive s t a t e m e n t s a n d none of or no-one for
negative s t a t e m e n t s . A *m 1.5 L i s t e n a n d p r a c t i s e s a y i n g t h e w o r d p a i r s .
All her family are messy.
None of us are neat and tidy. B I n p a i r s , w r i t e d o w n t h e p a i r s of w o r d s y o u c a n
No-one in my family likes sport. r e m e m b e r . T h e n check i n t h e audioscript o n page
162.
We can s h o w a contrast by using whereas or but.
Both m y b r o t h e r s a r e dark, whereas I'm q u i t e fair.
My p a r e n t s a n d g r a n g o t o c h u r c h every w e e k , but I SPEAKING
don't.
A I n groups, tell each other about your family. I n w h a t
A I n p a i r s , a s k q u e s t i o n s to f i n d t h i n g s y o u s h a r e w i t h w a y s a r e y o u s i m i l a r to a n d d i f f e r e n t f r o m y o u r
your partner. H o w m a n y similarities c a n y o u f i n d i n grandparents, parents, brothers a n d sisters? W h o
five m i n u t e s ? a r e y o u m o s t / l e a s t s i m i l a r to? T a l k a b o u t y o u r
character, your habits a n d your looks.
B J o i n a n o t h e r p a i r of s t u d e n t s a n d e x p l a i n y o u r
s i m i l a r i t i e s a n d d i f f e r e n c e s . U s e both (of us) / neither of Try a n d use language y o u have learnt i n this unit.
us a n d whereas.

C N o w e x p l a i n to t h e c l a s s w h a t t h i n g s y o u r g r o u p of f o u r
h a v e i n c o m m o n . U s e all a n d none o r no-one.

• Need help? Read t h e g r a m m a r reference on page 1 3 7 .

01 FAMILY AND FRIENDS 13 7

7
02 SHOPS

VOCABULARY C U s e t h e e x t r a i n f o r m a t i o n i n 1-12 to guess t h e m e a n i n g s

of t h e w o r d s i n bold. T r a n s l a t e the sentences into your
i L a b e l t h e p i c t u r e s b e l o w w i t h t h e w o r d s i n t h e box. l a n g u a g e . T h e n c h e c k i n t h e Vocabulary Builder.
1 T h e i r s h o e s a r e good quality. They're very w e l l m a d e .
mobile shirt T-shirt top suit coat T h e y really last. I've h a d t h e s e o n e s for t h r e e y e a r s .
skirt camera laptop watch hat tie 2 G o t o W o r l d PC. T h e y ' r e v e r y reliable. If y o u have a n y
p r o b l e m s , t h e y ' r e a l w a y s quick t o solve t h e m .
3 I u s u a l l y go t o Davy's for f o o d . T h e y ' v e got a really w i d e
selection. You c a n g e t w h a t e v e r y o u w a n t t h e r e .
4 T h e y ' r e o p e n o n S u n d a y s . In f a c t , I t h i n k t h e o n l y d a y
t h e y ' r e shut is C h r i s t m a s Day!
5 I b o u g h t t h i s nice thick coat for t h e w i n t e r . It'll keep m e
w a r m in t h e cold w e a t h e r .
6 T h e y ' r e nice s h o e s . T h e y look cool, b u t t h e y ' r e a bit s m a l l
for m e . T h e y ' r e a bit uncomfortable t o w a l k i n .
7 W h a t lovely f l o w e r s ! T h e y ' r e s o bright a n d c o l o u r f u l .
8 It's complicated t o u s e a n d t h e i n s t r u c t i o n s don't m a k e
t h i n g s a n y e a s i e r . T h e y ' r e really hard t o f o l l o w .
9 I t h i n k t h e i r c l o t h e s are really good value. They're very
f a s h i o n a b l e , b u t n o t very e x p e n s i v e .
10 I b o u g h t a s m a r t pair o f t r o u s e r s a n d a couple o f s h i r t s
for w o r k . W e c a n ' t w e a r j e a n s or T - s h i r t s .
11 Y e l l o w doesn't really suit me. I look better in d a r k e r
c o l o u r s like b l u e or black.
12 I got a really neat l a p t o p . It's very light a n d it's got all
t h e l a t e s t s o f t w a r e . It looks cool t o o .

D Work i n groups. Discuss the following.

• Use w o r d s f r o m exercise C t o describe things you have.
• W h e n w a s t h e last t i m e y o u w e n t s h o p p i n g ? Did y o u
buy a n y t h i n g ? W h a t ? W h e r e f r o m ?

NATIVE SPEAKER ENGLIS

cool
W e o f t e n say s o m e t h i n g looks cool if it h a s a m o d e r n
d e s i g n . A cool p e r s o n looks f a s h i o n a b l e a n d attractive
B Work i n pairs. Discuss these questions.
• Do y o u like t h e d i f f e r e n t c l o t h e s a n d t h i n g s in t h e It looks cool too.
pictures? W h y ? / W h y not? I bought this really cool new mobile phone.
• H a v e y o u b o u g h t a n y of t h e s e t h i n g s r e c e n t l y ? He looks very cool with those new sunglasses.
• W h e r e f r o m ? Are y o u h a p p y w i t h t h e m ?

14 OUTCOMES
8
8
 G R A M M A R The past simple

To m a k e verbs in t h e past, w e normally add -ed or

j u s t -d if t h e verb ends in - e .
I looked / lived in a b o u t s i x d i f f e r e n t p l a c e s .

However, a lot of c o m m o n verbs are irregular:

went t o a m a r k e t in t o w n .
I bought a digital c a m e r a .

M a k e questions a n d negatives using did /didn't + the

infinitive of t h e verb. W i t h be, use was(n't) / were(n't).
W h e r e were you y e s t e r d a y ? Did y o u go s h o p p i n g ?
I didn't see a n y t h i n g I liked. T h e c l o t h e s weren't very
nice.

A C o m p l e t e t h e d i a l o g u e w i t h t h e correct f o r m s of t h e
LISTENING v e r b s . Y o u w i l l a l s o n e e d to a d d s o m e p r o n o u n s .
A: 1
(do) a n y t h i n g y e s t e r d a y ?
You a r e g o i n g t o h e a r t h r e e f r i e n d s - K e i r a , C l a i r e B: Yes, w e 2
(go) r o u n d t h e m a r k e t in Rye.
and D a n - t a l k i n g about things they have bought. A: Oh y e s . 3
(buy) a n y t h i n g nice?
B: No. 1 4
(want) t o get s o m e t h i n g for m y
A % 2.1 L i s t e n . T a k e n o t e s o n w h a t t h e y b o u g h t , w h e r e parents, but 1 5
( n o t see) a n y t h i n g I
they bought these t h i n g s a n d w h a t t h e y are like. 6
(like). C a r o l 7
(get) a nice
top, t h o u g h .
B Work i n pairs. Discuss these questions. A: Is it t h a t o n e you're w e a r i n g ?
• W h e r e c a n y o u buy s e c o n d - h a n d t h i n g s ? C: Yeah, and i t 8
( n o t be) very e x p e n s i v e
• Have y o u ever b o u g h t / received a n y t h i n g s e c o n d - either. It o n l y 9
(cost) 2 0 e u r o s .
hand? A: Really? T h a t ' s really g o o d v a l u e . 1 0
(have)
• W o u l d y o u buy a n y o f t h e s e t h i n g s s e c o n d - h a n d ? a n y o t h e r s like t h a t ?
W h y ? / W h y not? C: Not e x a c t l y t h e s a m e , b u t t h e y 1 1
(have)
lots o f nice t h i n g s .
a car a computer a coat kids' c l o t h e s A: S o u n d s g o o d . T h e top's cool. It really s u i t s y o u .
a book a bike boots a computer game
• Need help? Read t h e g r a m m a r reference on page 1 3 8 .

DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS
Complimenting C O N V E R S A T I O N PRACTICE

We often c o m p l i m e n t people a n d t h e n add a question A W o r k i n pairs. H a v e a conversation that starts:

- or a further c o m m e n t . In both cases, it is normal t o A: Did you do anything at the weekend?
reply. B: Yeah, I went shopping.
A: Really? Did you buy anything nice?
K: That's really n e a t . W h e r e did y o u g e t it?
C: In J e s s o p s in t o w n . I'm really p l e a s e d w i t h it. T r y to c o n t i n u e t h e c o n v e r s a t i o n f o r a s l o n g a s y o u
can.
C : l love y o u r j a c k e t . It looks really nice a n d w a r m .
3:Yeah, it is. It's g r e a t . It's p u r e w o o l . B T a l k to s o m e o t h e r s t u d e n t s . C o m p l i m e n t t h e m o n
t h i n g s t h e y are w e a r i n g - or h a v e . U s e t h e sentence
A Put t h e w o r d s i n t h e correct o r d e r to m a k e q u e s t i o n s starters below. C o n t i n u e e a c h c o n v e r s a t i o n for as
or f u r t h e r c o m m e n t s . long as y o u can.
1 That's a g r e a t b a g . - n e w / is / it? / like your...
I love y o u r s h i r t . - really / a / d e s i g n / it's / nice. That's a nice...
Nice car! - o n e / I'd / t h a t / love / like. Those... are really nice
Hey, n e a t p h o n e ! - h o w / h a v e / h a d / long / it / y o u ?
I like y o u r boots. - c o m f o r t a b l e / look / really / they.
6 That's a lovely j a c k e t . - really / y o u / it / s u i t s .

B Work i n pairs. Take turns saying the sentences i n 1-6

and giving replies.

02 SHOPS 15 9
9
 LISTENING E W o r k i n groups. Discuss these questions.
• W h a t polite t h i n g s d o y o u u s u a l l y do or say?
Y o u a r e g o i n g to h e a r f i v e c o n v e r s a t i o n s i n a s h o p . • W h a t w a s t h e last kind t h i n g y o u did for s o m e o n e ?
• W h a t w a s t h e last p r e s e n t y o u b o u g h t ? W h o for?
B e f o r e y o u l i s t e n , l o o k at t h e p i c t u r e a b o v e . W h a t do W h a t w a s t h e o c c a s i o n ? Did y o u w r a p it? Did t h e y
you t h i n k the people i n situations a-e are saying? like it?
• W h e n w a s t h e last t i m e y o u t o o k s o m e t h i n g back t o
B % 2.2 L i s t e n . M a t c h t h e c o n v e r s a t i o n s to s i t u a t i o n s a - e a s h o p ? W h a t w a s w r o n g w i t h it? W h a t h a p p e n e d ?
i n the picture. • Did y o u r p a r e n t s ever m a k e y o u w e a r s o m e t h i n g y o u
d i d n ' t like w h e n y o u w e r e a child?
W h i c h conversations did y o u hear these questions in? • Did y o u h a v e f a v o u r i t e c l o t h e s ? W h a t w e r e t h e y ?
C a n y o u r e m e m b e r t h e a n s w e r s ? L i s t e n a g a i n to c h e c k .
a Are y o u s u r e y o u didn't d r o p it or a n y t h i n g ?
b Do y o u have o n e of t h e s e in a s m a l l e r size?
c Do y o u have a n y t h i n g a bit p r e t t i e r ?
d W e l l , do y o u w a n t t o go f i r s t ? LANGUAGE PATTERNS
e Is t h e r e a n y o n e s e r v i n g here? W r i t e t h e s e n t e n c e s in your language. Translate
t h e m back into English. C o m p a r e your English t o t h e
D I n pairs, discuss the questions below. T h e n read the original.
a u d i o s c r i p t o n p a g e 163 to c h e c k y o u r i d e a s . b o u g h t t h i s t h e o t h e r d a y a n d it's d a m a g e d .
Conversation 1 W h a t is t h e m a n c o m p l a i n i n g a b o u t ? I s a w Kenji j u s t t h e o t h e r day.
Conversation 2 W h a t does t h e w o m a n offer t o do? I t r i e d t o p h o n e y o u t h e o t h e r day, b u t y o u r p h o n e
Conversation 3 W h a t is t h e c u s t o m e r b u y i n g ? w a s off.
Conversation 4 W h a t p r o b l e m d o e s t h e a s s i s t a n t h a v e
with the complaint? inking about y o u t h e other day w h e n t h e
g a m e w a s on.
Conversation 5 W h y d o e s t h e m o t h e r w a n t t o buy t h e hopping there just tt
sweater? ther week.

10
16 OUTCOMES
10
 DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS B W o r k i n groups. D i s c u s s w h a t y o u t h i n k the people

Making offers and checking a r e t a l k i n g a b o u t i n 1-7 a b o v e .

We often m a k e offers using Do you want or /'//. C T r y to r e m e m b e r 1-7 a b o v e . T e s t e a c h o t h e r i n p a i r s .

A: Do you want to go first? / I'll go after you. Student A: read o u t t h e f i r s t s e n t e n c e in e a c h o f 1-7.
Student B: close y o u r books. Try t o ask t h e q u e s t i o n s .
Look at h o w t o check things are O K :
B: You don't mind?/Areyou sure? • Need help? Read t h e g r a m m a r reference on page 138.

We usually t h e n say it's fine - and add a c o m m e n t . W e m a k e negative comparisons using less or not as.
A: Not at all. / Of course. I have lots of things. A: Let's g o by b u s . It's less expensive than taking the
car.
To accept t h e offer, j u s t say Thanks. B: It m a y be c h e a p e r , b u t it's not as quick.

A In pairs, have four-part conversations like the one i n D D i s a g r e e w i t h t h e s t a t e m e n t s i n 2 - 5 b e l o w b y first

the e x p l a n a t i o n b o x a b o v e . Start w i t h t h e s e i d e a s . u s i n g a c o m p a r a t i v e a n d t h e n u s i n g not as I less. For
1 Do y o u w a n t m e t o c a r r y t h o s e b a g s ? example:
2 Do y o u w a n t t o s i t d o w n a t t h a t t a b l e ? I'll w a i t . 1 Let's t a k e a t a x i i n s t e a d o f t h e bus - it's e a s i e r w i t h
3 Do y o u w a n t m e t o drive y o u h o m e ? the shopping.
4 I'll pay for t h i s . It may be easier, but it's not as cheap.
5 I'll help y o u w i t h y o u r h o m e w o r k , if y o u like. 2 I prefer w e a r i n g j e a n s t o w e a r i n g a s u i t . They're m o r e
comfortable.
3 I'd prefer t o live in t h e country. T h e r e ' s less t r a f f i c a n d
G R A M M A R Comparatives it's less noisy t h a n t h e city.
4 I u s u a l l y go t o d e p a r t m e n t s t o r e s t o buy c l o t h e s .
To make comparatives, add - e r t o adjectives / adverbs They have a w i d e r selection.
of one syllable or j u s t -r if t h e adjective / adverb ends 5 I do m y shopping at t h e supermarket outside t o w n
in -e. r a t h e r t h a n t h e local s h o p s . It's less e x p e n s i v e .
Do y o u h a v e t h i s in a smaller size?

Two-syllable w o r d s ending in -y c h a n g e t o -let. SPEAKING

It's a bit p l a i n . Do y o u h a v e a n y t h i n g a bit prettier?
A W o r k i n g r o u p s . T h i n k of t w o e x a m p l e s of e a c h of
We usually use more w i t h t w o - or three-syllable the f o l l o w i n g for w h e r e y o u live:
adjectives / adverbs.
Their s e r v i c e is m u c h / a bit more reliable. a supermarket a d e p a r t m e n t store a bookshop
a clothes shop an electronics shop a shoe shop
To say there's a big difference, use much. To say there's
a small difference, use a bit. This applies t o adverbs T h e n t h i n k of t w o d i f f e r e n t m a k e s of:
too. computer mobile phone car

C o m p l e t e 1-7 w i t h t h e correct c o m p a r a t i v e s . B Individually, spend two minutes deciding w h i c h

1 They're a bit loose w h e n I w a l k . Do y o u h a v e t h e m in o n e of e a c h of t h e s h o p s or m a k e s y o u p r e f e r . M a k e
a size? ( s m a l l ) a l i s t of r e a s o n s , u s i n g c o m p a r a t i v e s a n d y o u r o w n
2 It looks t o o c o m p l i c a t e d f o r m y g r a n . Do y o u h a v e experiences (using the past simple). For example:
one w h i c h is t o use? ( e a s y ) Of the supermarkets, I prefer Fullers. It's a bit more
3 It's a bit t i g h t r o u n d m y s h o u l d e r s . Do y o u h a v e a expensive, but the food is better quality. It's fresher and
size? (big) there's a wider selection of things. I don't like Costsave
4 You c a n ' t go t o t h e i n t e r v i e w like t h a t . H a v e y o u g o t because it's quite dirty. The other day, I went there and
something to wear? (smart) there was rubbish on the floor and it was messy.
5 It d o e s n ' t look v e r y s t r o n g . H a v e y o u got o n e w h i c h is
a bit q u a l i t y ? S o m e t h i n g w h i c h w i l l last C I n groups, discuss w h i c h shops a n d m a k e s you
a bit ? ( g o o d , long) prefer.
6 It's a bit plain a n d dark. H a v e y o u g o t s o m e t h i n g a bit
, a bit ? (bright, colourful)
7 It'll probably be for t h e baby, but it's
a bit h e a v y a n d it'll be d i f f i c u l t t o c a r r y u p a n d
d o w n s t a i r s . H a v e y o u got s o m e t h i n g ,
s o m e t h i n g a bit t h a t y o u c a n fold
? ( c o m f o r t a b l e , p r a c t i c a l , light, e a s i l y ) .

02 SHOPS 17 11
11
05 RELAX
In this unit, you learn h o w to:
• introduce negative c o m m e n t s
• make plans and arrange w h a t to
Grammar
• might,
be going
present continuous,
to + v e r b
Reading

• Sports around t h e world

J
do • Superlatives
• talk about w a t c h i n g and doing Listening

different sports Vocabulary • Plans for t h e w e e k e n d

• form common nouns from • Activities, places and e q u i p m e n t • T h e r e a s o n s for football's
adjectives • Sports and g a m e s verbs popularity
• Forming words • Having a nap

SPEAKING

A W o r k i n groups. Discuss these questions.

• A r e t h e a c t i v i t i e s in t h e p i c t u r e s r e l a x i n g ? W h y ? /
W h y not?
• W h i c h o f t h e t h i n g s in t h e p i c t u r e s d o y o u do? H o w
o f t e n ? W h i c h do o t h e r people y o u k n o w do?

VOCABULARY LISTENING
Activities, places and equipment
Y o u a r e g o i n g to h e a r a c o n v e r s a t i o n b e t w e e n
A I n p a i r s , c o m p l e t e t h e t a b l e w i t h t h e w o r d s i n t h e box. Corinne a n d h e r f r i e n d , M a r i b e l , w h o is v i s i t i n g her
for t h e w e e k e n d . It's T h u r s d a y .
Activity Clothes Equipment Place

dance boots racket golf A O 5.1 L i s t e n a n d t i c k yt the things they talk about
classes course doing.
relaxing and doing nothing special
buying a few things
taking a flight
basketbal fishing tennis court w a t c h i n g a sports event
bat running track golf clubs doing some exercise
trainers football pitch pool going to a dance class
shorts cycling cards g o i n g on a t r i p t o t h e c o u n t r y
net Pilates walking g o i n g t o a s w i m m i n g pool

B W h i c h words from exercise A could complete e a c h B Work i n pairs. Discuss these questions.
question below? Notice the collocations a n d g r a m m a r . • W h i c h t h r e e r e a s o n s d o e s M a r i b e l give for n o t
1 D o y o u w a n t t o go w i t h m e on S u n d a y ? a g r e e i n g t o C o r i n n e ' s plan for S u n d a y ?
2 Are y o u playing this weekend? • W h a t r e a s o n s d o e s C o r i n n e give for her plan?
3 H a v e y o u ever done ?
4 Is there a a n y w h e r e n e a r here? C L i s t e n a g a i n to c h e c k y o u r i d e a s .
5 Do y o u have a I could borrow?
6 Doyou haveany I could borrow?
NATIVE SPEAKER ENGLISH

A s k a n d answer the questions. Give true answers. gear

A: D o y o u w a n t t o go fishing w i t h m e on S u n d a y ? W e u s e g e a r t o talk about the special e q u i p m e n t and
B: I'd love t o . W h e r e are y o u g o i n g t o go? c l o t h e s y o u n e e d or w e a r for a p a r t i c u l a r activity.
or
B: M a y b e , b u t I've never b e e n before, / haven't got my swimming gear with me.
or We just hired all the gear when we went skiing.
B: No t h a n k s . I don't really like f i s h i n g . He wears all the latest cycling gear.

36 OUTCOMES
14
12
12
 G R A M M A R might, present continuous,
be going to + verb
A M a t c h t w o i t e m s f r o m 1-6 to e a c h of t h e f o l l o w i n g :
a a f u t u r e a r r a n g e m e n t w i t h people
b a d e f i n i t e p e r s o n a l plan for t h e f u t u r e
c a p o s s i b l e p l a n not f u l l y d e c i d e d

1 Are you playing basketball this w e e k e n d ?

2 W h a t are y o u g o i n g t o do w h i l e you're here?
3 I'm e o i n g t o t a k e it easy.
4 I might go shopping.
5 S o m e i m p o r t a n t clients are c o m i n g .
6 W h a t t i m e a r e y o u t h i n k i n g o f leaving?

• Need help? Read t h e g r a m m a r reference on page 144.

B P u t t h e w o r d s i n 1-3 a a n d b i n t o t h e correct o r d e r to
m a k e questions.
1 We're h a v i n g a picnic o n S u n d a y , if y o u ' r e i n t e r e s t e d ,
a e l s e w h o g o i n g is?
b g o i n g a r e w h e r e it t o y o u have?
2 I m i g h t go t o w a t c h H a l i f a x play on Saturday,
a are w h o playing they?
b of w h e n tickets thinking are y o u getting the?
3 My friend Jane's going t o come and visit,
a l o n g h o w s h e s t a y g o i n g is t o ?
SPEAKING b y o u are w h i l e o f w h a t d o i n g she's t h i n k i n g here?

A Work i n g r o u p s . D i s c u s s t h e s e q u e s t i o n s . C I n pairs, have the conversations i n exercise 6.

• Would y o u go on t h e S u n d a y t r i p if y o u w e r e
Maribel? D C h a n g e w o r d s i n 1-6 b e l o w so t h e y a r e t r u e for
• W h a t t i m e do y o u u s u a l l y get up a t t h e w e e k e n d ? y o u . U s e might i f t h e p l a n i s n o t f u l l y d e c i d e d . F o r
• Do you prefer s w i m m i n g in a pool or t h e s e a ? W h y ? example:
• Where's t h e n i c e s t place y o u ' v e b e e n w a l k i n g , I'm m e e t i n g s o m e f r i e n d s for a drink o n Friday.
r u n n i n g or s w i m m i n g ? / might meet a friend for lunch tomorrow.

1 I'm m e e t i n g a f r i e n d for a drink t o m o r r o w .

DEVELOPING C O N V E R S A T I O N S 2 I'm g o i n g t o t h e c i n e m a a t t h e w e e k e n d .

Introducing negative comments 3 M y g r a n d p a r e n t s a r e c o m i n g r o u n d for d i n n e r

tonight.
We often add a short expression before s t a t i n g t h i n g s 4 I'm g o i n g t o s t a y in a n d s t u d y t o m o r r o w n i g h t .
that are negative in s o m e way. For e x a m p l e : 5 I'm p l a y i n g b a s k e t b a l l on T h u r s d a y .
6 A f r i e n d o f m i n e is h a v i n g a p a r t y on Friday n i g h t .
/ must admit, I'm a bit s o f t .
To be honest, I'd prefer a park. E T e l l y o u r p a r t n e r y o u r s e n t e n c e s f r o m e x e r c i s e D.
/ have to say, I h a t e s p o r Y o u r p a r t n e r s h o u l d a s k q u e s t i o n s to f i n d o u t m o r e .

A Tell a p a r t n e r a b o u t n e g a t i v e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s y o u
have u s i n g I must admit /1 have to say / To be honest. C O N V E R S A T I O N PRACTICE
Use s o m e of t h e a d j e c t i v e s i n t h e box.
Y o u a r e g o i n g to h a v e s i m i l a r c o n v e r s a t i o n s to t h e
messy soft bad w i t h m o n e y unreliable o n e i n Listening. S t u d e n t A i s t h e h o s t ; s t u d e n t B i s
lazy unfit a bad loser conservative the visitor.

B Use the s e n t e n c e s t a r t e r s i n bold to t e l l a p a r t n e r six A Before y o u start, decide w h e r e B is v i s i t i n g a n d w h a t

negative t h i n g s . a c t i v i t y A s u g g e s t s . T h e n d e c i d e w h a t to s a y u s i n g
I must admit, I hate golf. t h e c h a r t i n F i l e 18 o n p a g e 1 5 9 .
I have to say, I can't stand J u l i a Roberts.
To be honest, I think s t u d y i n g is a w a s t e of time. B Role-play the conversation.

05 RELAX 37 15
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 G R A M M A R Plans and wishes for the future B Complete the sentences below using your
o w n ideas. T h e n w o r k w i t h a partner a n d
Use be going to + verb t o talk a b o u t personal plans / intentions compare what you have written.
for the future - t h i n g s t h a t you have already decided to do. 1 I'm s t u d y i n g A r t a t t h e m o m e n t . I'm h o p i n g
I'm going to start l o o k i n g for a n o t h e r j o b s o o n !
2 I'm really i n t e r e s t e d in c o m p u t e r s . I'm
Use would like to + verb or be hoping to + verb to talk a b o u t thinking
things that y o u w a n t to do - or w a n t to h a p p e n - in t h e future. I'm very g o o d w i t h a n i m a l s , so I'd like
I'd like to work h e r e f u l l - t i m e , b u t not for n o t h i n g ! s o m e t i m e in t h e f u t u r e .
We're hoping to make t h e g o v e r n m e n t pay us a f i x e d salary. I've a s k e d m y boss for m o r e money. If he
s a y s no, I'm g o i n g
Use be planning to + verb w h e n you have already t h o u g h t It's h a r d t o f i n d w o r k a t t h e m o m e n t , so I'm
carefully a b o u t s o m e t h i n g in t h e future - a n d have a plan. planning
I'm planning to stay here for another year, if I can. I'm t h i n k i n g o f d o i n g a n e v e n i n g c o u r s e t o
l e a r n S p a n i s h b e c a u s e I'd like
Use be thinking of +-ing to talk a b o u t possible future plans W e ' r e g o i n g t o l a u n c h our n e w w e b s i t e
that are not yet certain or decided. [Link] celebrate, we're planning
We're thinking of stopping work and going on strike.
8 M y d a d is 5 8 n e x t year. He's t h i n k i n g

Correct t h e m i s t a k e s i n t h e s e n t e n c e s b e l o w .
1 I'm h o p i n g b e c o m e a p h o t o g r a p h e r . C Spend three m i n u t e s t h i n k i n g about the
2 My p a r e n t s g o i n g t o give m e a j o b . following. T h e n discuss your ideas i n
3 I like t o run m y o w n b u s i n e s s w h e n I a m older. groups.
4 I'm t h i n k i n g t o n e g o t i a t e a n e w c o n t r a c t . • Say t h r e e t h i n g s t h a t people in y o u r f a m i l y
5 I'm p l a n n i n g a p p l y for a n e w j o b n e x t year. a r e p l a n n i n g t o do.
6 I don't w o u l d like t o w o r k for myself. • Say t w o t h i n g s c o n n e c t e d t o y o u r w o r k
/ s t u d i e s t h a t y o u are h o p i n g t o do
• Need help? Read the grammar reference on page 142. s o m e t i m e soon.
• Say o n e t h i n g y o u ' v e d e c i d e d you're NOT
g o i n g t o do a n y m o r e in t h e f u t u r e . E x p l a i n
why.
• Say t w o t h i n g s you're t h i n k i n g o f d o i n g in
the next f e w days.
• Say t h r e e t h i n g s you'd like t o do - or t h a t
you'd like t o h a p p e n - s o m e t i m e in t h e
future.

P R O N U N C I A T I O N Going to

In n o r m a l s p e e c h , going to is usually
pronounced /gauirjta/. However, w h e n
people speak quickly, t h e y often say
/ g A n a / . However, w e do not w r i t e gonna
except in very informal t e x t m e s s a g e s ,
e m a i l s , etc.

A 4 4.3 Listen a n d write d o w n the six

sentences. T h e sentences w i l l be s a i d i n t w o
different w a y s - t h e first t i m e w i l l be faster.

B Compare your sentences w i t h a partner.

C L i s t e n a g a i n to c h e c k y o u r i d e a s . T h e n
discuss:
• w h i c h w a y is e a s i e r for y o u t o u n d e r s t a n d .
• w h i c h w a y is e a s i e r for y o u t o say.

D Work w i t h a partner. Practise saying each

s e n t e n c e w h i c h e v e r w a y i s b e s t for y o u .

04 JOBS 29 35
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 V O C A B U L A R Y Sports and games verbs G R A M M A R Superlatives

A C o m p l e t e 1-8 w i t h t h e w o r d s i n t h e box. I n Listening, t h e s p e a k e r s a i d :

Football is t h e most p o p u l a r g a m e in t h e w o r l d .
beats drew kicked scored It's t h e s i m p l e s t g a m e t o play.
support throw won time
D o y o u k n o w w h e n w e u s e most to f o r m s u p e r l a t i v e s ?
1 I once a m e d a l in a r u n n i n g race a t A n d w h e n w e u s e -est ( a n d -i'est)? C o m p a r e y o u r
school. ideas w i t h a partner.
2 I 1 8 5 t h e last t i m e I w e n t b o w l i n g . It's
my best. • Need help? Read t h e g r a m m a r reference on page 144.
3 A: H o w f a s t do y o u s w i m 1 0 0 , t h e n ?
B: I don't u s u a l l y m y s e l f , b u t I g u e s s it'd B W r i t e t h e s u p e r l a t i v e s of t h e a d j e c t i v e s i n b r a c k e t s i n
take m e about t w o m i n u t e s . I usually do about 30 t h e correct s p a c e s .
l e n g t h s in 2 0 m i n u t e s . 1 is person I k n o w , (tall)
4 We o u r last m a t c h 1 - 1 . 2 p e r s o n I k n o w is probably
5 M y brother always m e w h e n w e play (fit)
c a r d s . I'm s u r e he c h e a t s ! H o w c a n a n y o n e h a v e t h a t 3 is p r o b a b l y person I k n o w
m u c h luck? (clever)
6 I w a s p l a y i n g f o o t b a l l in t h e s t r e e t a n d I 4 p e r s o n in m y f a m i l y is
t h e ball t h r o u g h m y n e i g h b o u r ' s w i n d o w by m i s t a k e . (relaxed)
7 Don't it t o m e - I'm t e r r i b l e a t c a t c h i n g . 5 is t h e b u i l d i n g in m y t o w n .
8 A: W h o d o y o u ? (ugly)
B: Slavia P r a g u e . I've got a s e a s o n t i c k e t , so I g o t o a l l 6 t h i n g I've ever d o n e is
their home games. (exciting)

B Work i n pairs. C o m p l e t e t h e s e n t e n c e s i n 1-6 a b o v e w i t h y o u r o w n

Student A: act or e x p l a i n t h e e i g h t v e r b s f r o m e x e r c i s e A. i d e a s so t h a t t h e y a r e t r u e for y o u . T e l l a p a r t n e r y o u r
Student B: try t o g u e s s t h e v e r b s . s e n t e n c e s a n d e x p l a i n s o m e d e t a i l s a b o u t t h e m . For
example:
W o r k i n groups. Discuss these questions. My brother-in-law, Javier, is the tallest person I know.
Are y o u g o o d a t s p o r t or a n y g a m e s ? W h i c h o n e s ? He's almost 2 metres.
H a v e y o u ever w o n a n y t h i n g ?
H o w f a s t c a n y o u s w i m / r u n / cycle?
Have y o u ever h a d a n a c c i d e n t p l a y i n g s p o r t ? P R O N U N C I A T I O N /I/for weak sounds.
Do y o u s u p p o r t a n y t e a m in a n y s p o r t ?
W e usually p r o n o u n c e - e s t a s / i s t / . W e a l s o use / i /
in other w e a k sounds, especially w o r d s ending in -age
LISTENING such a s advantage / a e d v a r n t i d j / and manage
/maenicts/.
Y o u a r e g o i n g to h e a r a s h o r t s p e e c h d i s c u s s i n g w h y
f o o t b a l l i s so p o p u l a r . M a r k t h e /1 / s o u n d s i n t h e s e s e n t e n c e s .
1 T h e s e d a y s , people are m a r r i e d o n a v e r a g e for 1 1
Before y o u l i s t e n , w o r k w i t h a partner. T h i n k of and a half years, but t h e longest marriage lasted 8 0
s o m e r e a s o n s for f o o t b a l l ' s p o p u l a r i t y - a n d r e a s o n s years!
for n o t l i k i n g it. 2 E n g l i s h m u s t be o n e o f t h e e a s i e s t l a n g u a g e s t o
learn.
B % 5.2 L i s t e n a n d see i f t h e s p e a k e r m e n t i o n s t h e 3 W e w a n t e d t o go t h e r e b e c a u s e t h e y said it's t h e
same reasons. nicest place t o eat.
4 It's t h e p r e t t i e s t v i l l a g e r o u n d h e r e , so t h e r e ' s o f t e n a
C L o o k at t h e a u d i o s c r i p t o n p a g e 1 6 6 . T i c k V t h e s h o r t a g e o f p l a c e s t o stay.
t h i n g s y o u agree w i t h . Cross X the t h i n g s y o u
disagree w i t h . Put a question m a r k n e x t to w h a t B % 5.3 L i s t e n a n d c o m p a r e y o u r i d e a s . T h e n l i s t e n
y o u don't u n d e r s t a n d . T h e n discuss y o u r ideas w i t h a g a i n a n d practise saying the sentences.
a partner.

38 OUTCOMES 16
15
15
 READING

Read t h e t e x t s a b o u t t h r e e d i f f e r e n t s p o r t s a n d B Of the three sports,

m a t c h e a c h o n e to o n e of t h e p i c t u r e s i n a - f . 1 w h i c h is t h e m o s t p o p u l a r ?
2 w h i c h is t h e o l d e s t ?
3 w h i c h is t h e n e w e s t ?
4 w h i c h w a s t h e most dangerous?
5 w h i c h is t h e m o s t d a n g e r o u s n o w ?

C M a t c h the words i n bold i n t h e text w i t h

the m e a n i n g s below. T h e n check your
a n s w e r s i n t h e Vocabulary Builder.
a h o w fast y o u do s o m e t h i n g
b t h e result o f s o m e t h i n g
c people w h o w a t c h a s p o r t s e v e n t
d try
e m a d e illegal by t h e g o v e r n m e n t
f t r y t o w i n m o n e y by g u e s s i n g w h o w i l l w i n

D Work i n groups. Discuss t h e questions a n d

e x p l a i n y o u r c h o i c e s . W h i c h of t h e s p o r t s
y o u r e a d about do y o u t h i n k :
is t h e m o s t f u n t o do?
is t h e best t o w a t c h ?
n e e d s t h e m o s t skill t o do?
requires t h e most fitness?
needs t h e most strength?

Although it's doesn't attract Since 1948, Keirin has become Bossaball is a new game with
big crowds or money, Pato is one of Japan's biggest a small but growing support. It
the national sport of Argentina. spectator sports with over 20 w a s invented in Belgium a few
It was invented in the 17th million a year attending events. years ago. It's played on a special
century and originally involved People now bet over $15 inflatable pitch and is a mixture
two teams on horses trying to billion dollars on the outcome of volleyball, football, gymnastics
prevent each other from carrying of the races. Keirin is like and dance. Players bounce up
a duck (pato in Spanish) to horseracing, but with cyclists. and down and aim to pass, kick
[Link] sport was Nine competitors ride round and head the ball over the net.
banned for a while because of a track following a cyclist who The rules are a little complicated,
violence - not only to the duck, sets the pace at about 50km/h. but you basically lose a point
but also to other players. Some He then leaves the track so when the ball touches the floor.
were killed in fights or from the riders can race each other The referee is also a DJ who plays
being kicked by the horses. The for the remaining two laps, Brazilian music a s the teams play.
modern game (sometimes also reaching speeds of 70km/h.
known as Horseball) is a lot safer. There are often crashes as
Teams of four riders fight for the there is so little space to race
'duck' (now a ball with handles) in. Riders have to train 15 hours
and throw and catch it to try and a day in special schools to
score in their opponent's net. be able to race and can win
millions of dollars.

05 RELAX 39 17
16
16
 LISTENING C Listen a g a i n a n d complete these notes.

Y o u a i e g o i n g to h e a r a r a d i o f e a t u r e a b o u t n a p p i n g .
SPAIN:
A R e a d t h e d i c t i o n a r y d e f i n i t i o n of nap. T h e n d i s c u s s Peoples usually work-from? 9 tiXb 1

the questions below w i t h a partner.

They often* eat dinner at 2
and/ stay out till/

ablate-a* 1

Nap /naep/ V and N-COUNT

If y o u nap - or if y o u have a nap - y o u s l e e p
for a s h o r t period o f t i m e , u s u a l l y d u r i n g t h e day. Hesearch- says naps should, lait between/

* anAayvhour.
• Do y o u k n o w a n y c o u n t r i e s w h e r e n a p p i n g is
'Best time; is- between/ 5
in/ the/ afternoon/.
common?
• Do y o u ever h a v e a nap? W h e r e ? W h e n ? For h o w Can/ increase- energy levels / Improve-your 6

long? and/ 7

• W h i c h of t h e things below do you think are t h e

results o f n a p p i n g ? W h y ?
Spanlshhabits chanalr^. people/going-Izr start
- people c a n go o u t a n d e n j o y t h e i r social lives m o r e
- people feel h a p p i e r a n d m o r e c r e a t i v e
8
from/hxch of sleep.

- people g e t lazier a n d lazier

- people a r e less p r o d u c t i v e a n d d o less w o r k miTAIN:
- people lose c o n c e n t r a t i o n a n d m a k e m o r e m i s t a k e s
National/ Nap atWorhWeehcampaign/
- n e w business opportunities are created
- people a r e m o r e likely t o h a v e h e a r t a t t a c k s Aimy to inform/people* of 9

B % 5.4 L i s t e n to t h e r a d i o f e a t u r e . D e c i d e w h i c h of
BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES:
the seven ideas above the speaker says are the a c t u a l
Metronaps in/ NYC create- 10
for business
r e s u l t s of n a p p i n g .
people-to- nap Uvthe-Keady Bed/ in Europe is specially

deti^nea^ so you/can/eaiiiy 11
and/
Write t h e sentences in your language. Translate
t h e m back into English. C o m p a r e your English t o the
original.
M o r e a n d m o r e people a r e w o r k i n g longer a n d D Compare the notes y o u took w i t h a partner. D i d your
longer hours. partner hear anything you missed?
I'm s p e n d i n g more a n d more t i m e a t w o r k - a n d
ess
and less t i m e w i t h m y family! E Work i n pairs. Discuss these questions.
It's getting harder a n d harder to b u y t i c k e t s f o r • Do y o u t h i n k ' N a t i o n a l N a p a t W o r k ' w e e k is a good
games. r; | gag"' I idea? W h y ? / W h y not?
You get more and more beautiful e v e r y y e a r ! • Does t i r e d n e s s ever a f f e c t y o u r w o r k ? H o w ?
• D o y o u like e i t h e r o f t h e b u s i n e s s ideas - M e t r o n a p s
or t h e Ready Bed? W h y ? / W h y not?
• W h a t p e r c e n t a g e o f y o u r t i m e is n o t s p e n t w o r k i n g ,
s t u d y i n g or s l e e p i n g ? W h a t d o y o u do d u r i n g t h a t
*Mss, t i m e ?

i«MH||l|!|

18
17
17
 VOCABULARY word families SPEAKING

We can m a k e nouns f r o m s o m e adjectives by a d d i n g A R e a d t h e Fact File a n d p u t a n e x c l a m a t i o n m a r k '

-ness. n e x t to a n y f a c t s t h a t s u r p r i s e y o u .
tired tiredness

If the adjective ends in -y, remove t h e -y a n d add O n a v e r a g e , w e s l e e p 6.9 h o u r s a d a y -

-iness. a l m o s t a n h o u r less t h a n a f e w d e c a d e s ago.
happy happiness 3 3 % o f a d u l t s s u r v e y e d w o u l d n a p a t w o r k , if
allowed to.
A Complete e a c h p a i r o f s e n t e n c e s b e l o w b y a d d i n g 2 4 % o f a d u l t s w a k e u p several t i m e s d u r i n g
either a n a d j e c t i v e f r o m t h e b o x o r a n o u n b a s e d o n t h e n i g h t - a n d f i n d it hard t o g e t back to
the a d j e c t i v e . sleep.
S l e e p p r o b l e m s a r e n o w t h o u g h t t o be t h e
aware conscious fit homeless b i g g e s t h e a l t h - r e l a t e d p r o b l e m in m a n y
ill lazy mad weak countries.
Tired w o r k e r s cost t h e A m e r i c a n economy
1 a I don't really like d o i n g e x e r c i s e . I'm q u i t e $ 1 5 0 billion e a c h year.
3 0 - 4 0 % of t r a f f i c a c c i d e n t s are c a u s e d by
b H a v i n g a n a p is n o t a s i g n o f tired drivers.
2 a B o s s a b a l l h a s really i m p r o v e d m y g e n e r a l

b I try t o keep by g o i n g t o t h e g y m B I n pairs, compare the things that surprised you.

twice a week.
3 a I have a real for chocolate! I eat too C Check y o u u n d e r s t a n d the words a n d expressions i n
m u c h o f it. b o l d below. T h e n discuss t h e questions i n groups.
b I can't u s e m y p h o n e here. T h e s i g n a l is t o o • H o w m a n y h o u r s a n i g h t d o y o u u s u a l l y sleep?
• W h a t t i m e do y o u u s u a l l y go t o bed?
4 a I can't c o m e o u t w i t h y o u t o n i g h t . I'm t o o • A n d w h a t t i m e do y o u u s u a l l y get up?
• Do y o u ever h a v e trouble s l e e p i n g ?
b M o r e a n d m o r e people a r e s u f f e r i n g f r o m m e n t a l • H a v e y o u ever fallen asleep in c l a s s / on t h e bus / on
a train? W h a t happened?
5 a I t h i n k t h e w h o l e idea is c o m p l e t e l y I • W h a t ' s t h e l a t e s t y o u ' v e ever b e e n t o bed? W h y ?
b T h e b a n k l e n t her £ 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 ! It's c o m p l e t e • D o y o u usually remember your dreams?
• Do y o u ever h a v e nightmares? W h a t a b o u t ?
6 a A lot of people b e c o m e a f t e r losing
their jobs.
b O n e o f t h e b i g g e s t p r o b l e m s in m y city is

7 a T h e pain w a s so bad t h a t I lost

b I was during the whole operation.
8 a We're of t h e problem and we're
t r y i n g t o s o r t it o u t .
b The campaign aims t o increase of
t h e b e n e f i t s of n a p p i n g .

B I n p a i r s , t h i n k of t w o o t h e r n o u n s t h a t e n d i n -ness.
Compare your ideas w i t h another pair. T h e n w r i t e
four s e n t e n c e s s h o w i n g h o w to u s e t h e a d j e c t i v e a n d
noun forms.

C Work i n groups. Discuss these questions.

• Do y o u h a v e a w e a k n e s s f o r a n y t h i n g ?
• W h y do y o u t h i n k people s u f f e r f r o m m e n t a l i l l n e s s ?
• Is h o m e l e s s n e s s a p r o b l e m in y o u r c o u n t r y ? W h a t do
you t h i n k c a u s e s it? H o w s h o u l d g o v e r n m e n t s s o r t
it out?

19
18
05 RELAX 41
18
 SPEAKING

A W o r k i n p a i r s . L o o k at t h e i d e a s a b o u t
w o r k i n g i n a n office. D i s c u s s w h e t h e r y o u
agree w i t h e a c h one. E x p l a i n w h y .
It's nice b e c a u s e y o u c a n c h a t . You're n e v e r
alone.
It's not very e f f i c i e n t . It's h a r d t o
concentrate.
Work's better b e c a u s e m o r e people
c o n t r i b u t e t h e i r ideas.
T h e r e ' s a lot o f politics in a n o f f i c e .
You j u s t look a t a c o m p u t e r o r d o
p h o t o c o p y i n g all day.
You don't need t o w e a r a s u i t or s m a r t
c l o t h e s every day.
It's best t o w o r k f r o m h o m e a n d
c o m m u n i c a t e by e m a i l .

Hey Sandra,
The latest n e w s from the office:
READING You're still not here, of course - very empty desk next to
mine. ' J
Y o u a r e g o i n g to r e a d a n e x t r a c t f r o m a Really hope you get better soon. I'm missing having someone
r o m a n t i c c o m e d y c a l l e d An Office and a to chat to.
Gentleman b y A n n a b e l l a S t e p h e n s . Marian is still enemy number one. Awful - more later, cv
Today's fashion from Jilly: a huge, loose pink jersey which
A R e a d the extract a n d decide w h o the people is big enough to camp in! Then, tight brown jeans with grey
i n t h e p i c t u r e s a r e . E x p l a i n y o u r i d e a s to a boots. Strange flower thing in her hair. '.*
partner. Rick spoke today: 0 0
his first words so far this year, I think,
apart from the usual sighs and nervous laughter while
B Work i n pairs. Discuss these questions. he does things to his computer. The words were 'coffee's
• W h y is M a r i a n a n e n e m y ? rubbish'. I'm not sure whether this was a comment on the
• W h y is t h e boss a n g r y w i t h A n n i e ? coffee I was making or general health advice. Anyway, I
• W h a t p r o b l e m does s h e h a v e a t t h e e n d o f think you'll agree, it shows his communication s k i l l s are
the email? improving!!!
Ugly Boss: He's still useless and ugly - obviously. The hair
C F i n d t h e v e r b s w h i c h go w i t h t h e n o u n s i n from his nose is now about 3cm long. 1? He's also angry
bold. C a n y o u t h i n k of o n e m o r e v e r b t h a t with me - more later.
goes w i t h e a c h n o u n ? C o m p a r e y o u r i d e a s Harry really is very attractive, but my hopes of finding
w i t h t h e Vocabulary Builder. love with him are disappearing fast. We were in a meeting
together - Marian was presenting some f i g u r e s for her
D Discuss these questions i n groups. marketing proposal. I t was all very efficient and very boring
• W h a t d o y o u t h i n k is g o i n g t o h a p p e n in as always and I was just thinking how Harry looked very
t h e book? smart - he was wearing a really nice new suit - when
• D o y o u like A n n i e ? W h y ? / W h y not? suddenly Ugly Boss asked me something. In fact, it's possible
• W o u l d y o u read t h e rest o f t h e book? W h y ? he asked me something two or three times. He certainly was
/ W h y not? quite angry and BOTH Marian and Harry looked happy about
• Do t h e c h a r a c t e r s r e m i n d y o u o f a n y o n e it. I stayed late to try and look a bit more serious - and found
you know? this great website. Check out this l i n k - so cute! lol.
[Link] o f f i c e d o g s l l l 0 / g h 6 85rt

Glossary I was leaving when I saw Ugly Boss standing next to the
shredder. He looked very stressed and I saw a chance to
lol is s h o r t f o r l a u g h o u t l o u d . It's o f t e n impress him. I asked if there was anything I could do. 'I can't
u s e d in t e x t s / e m a i l s . see how this works', he said. "No problem/ I replied as I took
a shredder is a m a c h i n e y o u u s e t o d e s t r o y his papers. 'You just put them in here and press this b u t t o n
d o c u m e n t s . It c u t s t h e m u p into little and there you go.' 'Excellent,' he said. 'Could you do two
pieces. copies for me? I need one for my boss and one for the client.'
* * I said I'd leave them on his d e s k ! What am I going to
0

do?!

30 OUTCOMES Annie
36
19
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 M a t c h t h i s s e n t e n c e f r o m t h e e x t r a c t t o o n e of t h e
p i c t u r e s b e l o w . E x p l a i n y o u r c h o i c e to a p a r t n e r .
Rick s p o k e t o d a y ... t h e w o r d s w e r e 'coffee's r u b b i s h . I'm
n o t s u r e w h e t h e r t h i s w a s a c o m m e n t o n t h e coffee I
was making.

VOCABULARY Forming words B W h e n Annie's boss a s k e d h e r a question i n t h e

m e e t i n g , w h i c h three activities w e r e unfinished?
The most c o m m o n w a y t o m a k e verbs from nouns in Look a g a i n to check.
English is to do n o t h i n g ! Sigh, comment, hope, link a n d 1 Marian
copy are all used a s nouns in t h e extract, but c a n also 2 Annie
be verbs. M a n y n o u n s are f o r m e d from a verb + -ion 3 Harry
(-tion / -ation) or f r o m a verb + -ment. For e x a m p l e :
communication, improvement. C Complete the sentences by putting the verbs i n
b r a c k e t s i n t o t h e p a s t s i m p l e or p a s t c o n t i n u o u s .
W h i c h of t h e s e v e r b s a r e a l s o n o u n s ? 1 W e first m e t w h e n w e at Microsoft, and
t h e n w e s t a y e d f r i e n d s a f t e r I left, ( w o r k )
interview plan propose repair 2 What y e s t e r d a y ? I p h o n e d y o u a n d sent
experience produce organise arrest y o u t h r e e e m a i l s , b u t y o u never replied, ( y o u / do)
research negotiate return offer 3 I m e t Julia Roberts once. I w a s doing work experience
in a T V c o m p a n y a n d s h e t o t h e studios
B Write t h e v e r b f o r m of e a c h o f t h e u n d e r l i n e d n o u n s . o n e day. ( c o m e )
1 make a good i m p r e s s i o n try t o her 4 Maybe he very w e l l w h e n he w r o t e t h e
do a p r e s e n t a t i o n a proposal e m a i l , b e c a u s e it w a s f u l l o f m i s t a k e s , ( n o t feel)
stop e x p l o i t a t i o n workers 5 I w i t h m y f r i e n d a b o u t o u r boss w h e n
make a big c o n t r i b u t i o n $1 m i l l i o n he s u d d e n l y i n . I h o p e he didn't h e a r
have good m a n a g e m e n t a company w h a t w e w e r e s a y i n g ! (talk, w a l k )
see a j o b a d v e r t i s e m e n t on T V 6 T h e i n t e r v i e w w a s a w f u l . T h e y a s k e d m e lots o f
7 fill in a n a p p l i c a t i o n f o r m for a j o b difficult questions and I w h a t t o say.
(not k n o w )
7 I heard she because she w a s trying
GRAMMAR t o s e n d a t e x t t o h e r boss w h i l e s h e

The past continuous and past simple ( c r a s h , drive)

8 O o p s ! Sorry. I where I I'll
pick up y o u r p a p e r s for y o u . ( n o t look, go)
We use t h e past continuous t o s h o w a n activity w a s
unfinished w h e n a n o t h e r t h i n g h a p p e n e d in t h e past. • Need help? Read t h e g r a m m a r reference on page 1 4 3 .
I m e t H a r r y w h e n / was working for a public relations
company. SPEAKING
past now
I 1 • A C h o o s e O N E of t h e e x p e r i e n c e s b e l o w a n d w r i t e a
I met Harry job at publisher short story e x p l a i n i n g w h a t h a p p e n e d - a n d w h e n .
• a mistake that you made
• a f a m o u s person y o u m e t / s a w once
• t h e f i r s t t i m e y o u m e t a s p e c i a l person in y o u r life
• a f u n n y t h i n g t h a t h a p p e n e d a t w o r k or school

B N o w t e l l y o u r s t o r y to o t h e r p e o p l e i n y o u r c l a s s .

04 JOBS 31 37
20
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 LISTENING SPEAKING

You are going to h e a r three people t a l k about u n p a i d A Work i n groups. Discuss these questions.
w o r k t h a t t h e y do. • D o y o u a g r e e t h a t c o m p a n i e s w h i c h don't pay y o u n g
w o r k e r s a r e e x p l o i t i n g t h e m ? W h y ? / W h y not?
A I n p a i r s , m a k e a l i s t of a l l t h e d i f f e r e n t k i n d s o f w o r k • Is v o l u n t a r y w o r k c o m m o n in y o u r c o u n t r y ? W h a t
p e o p l e do f o r n o m o n e y . kind is m o s t c o m m o n ?
• Do y o u k n o w a n y o n e w h o h a s ever d o n e v o l u n t a r y
B Compare your list w i t h another pair. T h e n discuss w o r k ? W o u l d y o u like to? If y e s , w h a t kind?
these questions i n groups. • D o y o u t h i n k t h e g o v e r n m e n t s h o u l d pay h o u s e w i v e s
• W h y do y o u t h i n k people do t h e s e d i f f e r e n t kinds of for t h e i r role in b u i l d i n g a n a t i o n ? W h y ? / W h y not?
work?
• Do y o u k n o w a n y o n e w h o d o e s / h a s d o n e a n y
unpaid work? V O C A B U L A R Y Activities at work
• Do y o u t h i n k people s h o u l d be paid t o do a n y o f
t h e s e d i f f e r e n t kinds o f w o r k ? W h y ? / W h y not? In Listening, all three speakers talked about w h a t they
are d o i n g or w o r k i n g on at t h e m o m e n t .
C <
&4.2 Listen a n d answer the questions below. I'm helping to advertise a German film.
1 W h a t kind o f w o r k d o e s e a c h p e r s o n do? I'm advising local doctors how to improve services.
2 W h y do t h e y do t h i s w o r k ? We're fighting for the rights of housewives in Kerala.
3 H o w do t h e y feel a b o u t w o r k i n g f o r no m o n e y ?
4 W h a t are t h e i r p l a n s for t h e f u t u r e ? A Complete the sentences w i t h the present continuous
f o r m of t h e v e r b s i n t h e b o x .
D W o r k i n pairs. C a n y o u r e m e m b e r w h i c h of the three
s p e a k e r s s a i d e a c h of t h e t h i n g s b e l o w - a n d w h y ? advise do negotiate organise teach
1 g o i n g on s t r i k e
2 it's a c o m p e t i t i v e a r e a 1 I currently the
3 got bored g o v e r n m e n t h o w t o i m p r o v e h e a l t h care.
4 pay us a p e n s i o n 2 This week I some training with the
5 have a really positive a t t i t u d e n e w people. I t h e m h o w t o sell over t h e
6 m a k i n g coffee phone.
7 building t h e nation 3 I a big p a r t y for a car c o m p a n y . T h e y ' r e
8 my contract ends going to launch a n e w car soon.
9 t h e c o m p a n y is e x p l o i t i n g m e 4 We a big d e a l w i t h a C h i n e s e producer.

E L i s t e n a g a i n to c h e c k y o u r i d e a s . attend do instal learn w o r k on

5 I s o m e r e s e a r c h on w h y people f o r g e t
Write t h e sentences in your l a n g u a g e . Translate things.
t h e m back into English. C o m p a r e your English t o t h e 6 I a n e w c o l l e c t i o n of d r e s s e s f o r M i l a n
original. fashion week.
I w o r k e d a s a d o c t o r in a s m a l l t o w n in S w i t z e r l a r 7 I a n e w s e c u r i t y s y s t e m in a big office in
I'm w o r k i n g p a r t - t i m e a s a w a i t r e s s in a c a f e ir town.
town. 8 I a training course this week. W e
S h e w o r k s a s a m a r k e t i n g c o n s u l t a n t in t h e f a s h i c h o w t o a r r e s t a n g r y or a g g r e s s i v e
industry. people.
j o u r n a l i s t , if p o s s i b l e .
Work i n pairs. Discuss these questions.
• H a v e y o u ever n e g o t i a t e d a n y t h i n g ? W h a t ? W h o
with?
• H a v e y o u ever a t t e n d e d a t r a i n i n g c o u r s e ? W h a t did
y o u learn?
• H a v e y o u ever d o n e a n y t r a i n i n g ? W h a t did y o u t e a c h
people t o do?
• H a v e y o u ever o r g a n i s e d a n y t h i n g big? W h a t ? W a s it
OK?
• Do y o u k n o w a n y o n e w h o d o e s r e s e a r c h ? W h a t o n ?

28 OUTCOMES
34
21
21
 HOME
In this unit, y o u learn h o w t o : Grammar Reading
• explain w h e r e y o u are f r o m • have to, don't have to, canff • Five t h i n g s y o u s h o u l d
• describe your h o m e t o w n a n d • will / won't k n o w before l e a v i n g h o m e
area
• ask u s e f u l q u e s t i o n s w h e n Vocabulary Listening
s t a y i n g w i t h people • Cities and areas • W h e r e are y o u f r o m ?
• ask f o r p e r m i s s i o n t o do t h i n g s • S t a y i n g w i t h people • M y first place o f m y o w n
• Staying with a host family

SPEAKING D E V E L O P I N G CONVERSATIONS
Explaining where places are
Work i n pairs. Discuss these questions.
• H o w w e l l do y o u k n o w y o u r c o u n t r y ? D e c i d e w h i c h of t h e p l a c e s o n t h e m a p of G e r m a n y
• W h i c h places h a v e y o u v i s i t e d / lived in? a r e d e s c r i b e d i n s e n t e n c e s 1-8.
• D o y o u h a v e a n y f a m i l y or f r i e n d s in o t h e r p a r t s o f t h e 1 It's a big port in t h e n o r t h - e a s t . It's on t h e B a l t i c
country? coast.
• Do y o u k n o w a n y o n e w h o h a s lived a b r o a d ? W h e r e did 2 It's a t i n y v i l l a g e in t h e c e n t r e o f t h e country.
t h e y live? W h y ? 3 It's a n old city in t h e n o r t h - e a s t .
4 It's a city in t h e e a s t o f t h e country.
5 It's q u i t e a big city, not f a r f r o m B e r l i n .
LISTENING 6 It's a s t a t e in t h e w e s t . It borders France a n d
Luxembourg.
Y o u a r e g o i n g to h e a r t h r e e c o n v e r s a t i o n s a b o u t t h e s e 7 It's a n i n d u s t r i a l a r e a in t h e w e s t o f G e r m a n y .
three places: 8 It's a t o w n in t h e s o u t h - w e s t o f t h e country.
Treviso Muscat Port Isabel

Before y o u l i s t e n , discuss w i t h a p a r t n e r w h e t h e r y o u
h a v e h e a r d of t h e m - a n d w h e r e y o u t h i n k t h e y m i g h t
be.

B £ i 6 . 1 L i s t e n a n d f i n d o u t w h e r e e a c h of t h e p l a c e s i s .

Listen a g a i n a n d take notes o n a n y t h i n g else y o u f i n d

out a b o u t t h e t h r e e p l a c e s . C o m p a r e w h a t y o u h e a r d
w i t h a partner.

Work i n pairs. Discuss these questions.

• W h i c h s o u n d s like t h e best place t o live? W h y ?
• Have y o u ever e x p e r i e n c e d a s t r a n g e c o i n c i d e n c e like
t h e o n e y o u h e a r d a b o u t in t h e last c o n v e r s a t i o n ?

NATIVE SPEAKER ENGLISH

Whereabouts?
W e o f t e n say whereabouts t o ask w h i c h p a r t o f a
country, city, t o w n , e t c . s o m e t h i n g is ini .

A: Texas. A: I'm from

v France,
B: Whereabouts? B: Whereabouts
ibouts?
A: I doubt you'll know it. A: Paris.

42 OUTCOMES 20
22
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 V O C A B U L A R Y Cities and areas

A D e c i d e w h i c h w o r d i s t h e o d d o n e o u t i n e a c h of t h e
groups 1-10 a n d e x p l a i n your decision.
1 d r y / c l i m a t e / w a r m / cold / b u i l d i n g s
2 i n d u s t r i a l / a f o r e s t / steel / f a c t o r i e s / a car plant
3 g r e e n / parks / t r e e s / dirty / c o u n t r y s i d e
4 churches / traffic / transport / pollution / metro
5 v i l l a g e / e x c i t i n g / c i n e m a s / bars / 24-hour c u l t u r e
6 a g r i c u l t u r e / f i e l d s / s q u a r e s / f a r m s / rural
7 c o a s t / d e s e r t / f i s h i n g / port / o c e a n / beach
8 m u s e u m / old / h i s t o r i c / city w a l l / m o d e r n
9 c r i m e / lovely / d a n g e r o u s / m u r d e r / s t e a l
10 river / bridge / f i n a n c i a l / boat / bank

I n g r o u p s , t r y to t h i n k of p l a c e s t h a t fit t h e s e
descriptions. Discuss w h a t y o u k n o w about each
Work i n p a i r s . C o v e r 1-8 i n e x e r c i s e A . U s e t h e m a p p l a c e . H a v e y o u e v e r b e e n to a n y of t h e p l a c e s ?
of G e r m a n y a n d t a k e t u r n s s t a r t i n g c o n v e r s a t i o n s • A place on t h e c o a s t w i t h a w a r m c l i m a t e w h e r e old
like t h i s : people o f t e n retire.
A: Where a re you from? A n i n d u s t r i a l city w i t h a big steel f a c t o r y or car plant.
B: Germany. A t o w n or city w i t h a good t r a n s p o r t s y s t e m .
A: Really? What part? A city w h i c h is q u i t e dirty b u t t h a t ' s s u r r o u n d e d by
B: Rostock. Doyou know it? nice c o u n t r y s i d e .
A: No, where is it? A v e r y e x c i t i n g city w i t h a 2 4 - h o u r c u l t u r e .
B: It's a big port in the north-east on the Baltic coast. A rural a r e a w i t h a lot o f f a r m s a n d a g r i c u l t u r e .
A t o w n by t h e s e a w i t h a f i s h i n g industry.
When w e explain w h e r e places are, w e also often A h i s t o r i c city w h i c h h a s a w a l l r o u n d part of it.
draw (or pretend to draw) m a p s a n d talk at t h e s a m e A place w h i c h is q u i t e d a n g e r o u s w i t h a lot o f c r i m e .
time. A t o w n w i t h a river g o i n g t h r o u g h it.

So say that's Venice, Treviso is just here to the north. C W r i t e t h r e e m o r e d e s c r i p t i o n s of p l a c e s i n y o u r

So you've got Saudi Arabia here and the UAE up here country u s i n g words f r o m exercise A. C a n your
and Oman goes down here to the right. partner guess the places?

Work i n g r o u p s . T r y t o e x p l a i n w h e r e t h e c o u n t r i e s
a n d cities b e l o w a r e . U s e p h r a s e s f r o m e x e r c i s e A C O N V E R S A T I O N PRACTICE
a n d p r e t e n d to d r a w m a p s a s y o u e x p l a i n i n m o r e
detail. Y o u ' r e g o i n g to h a v e c o n v e r s a t i o n s s i m i l a r t o t h e
o n e s y o u h e a r d i n Listening.
Countries Cities
E I T H E R choose a country f r o m the w o r l d m a p o n
Slovenia Beijing / S h a n g h a i page 157 OR t h i n k about w h e r e y o u are really from.
T h e n d e c i d e h o w to a n s w e r t h e s e q u e s t i o n s :
Kazakhstan N e w York / B o s t o n
Where are you from? Where's that?
Venezuela Rio d e J a n e i r o / B r a s i l i a
Whereabouts (doyou live)? Where's that?
Vietnam Paris / Lyon What's it like?
Mali M o s c o w / St P e t e r s b u r g
B H a v e conversations w i t h other students to f i n d out
Check t h e w o r l d m a p i n F i l e 6 o n p a g e 1 5 7 t o s e e i f w h e r e t h e y a r e f r o m a n d w h a t it's l i k e .
you were right. W h i c h group i n the class k n o w s the
most about geography?

21
23
23
 SPEAKING G R A M M A R have to, don't have, can

Work i n groups. Discuss these questions. Use have to + verb t o talk about things you feel are
• Do y o u k n o w a n y o n e w h o h a s left h o m e in t h e last essential or necessary to do. Have to is also used t o
year? talk a b o u t rules.
• Look a t t h e p i c t u r e s below. Do y o u k n o w a n y o n e w h o / have to share a r o o m w i t h t w o o t h e r s t u d e n t s !
lives / h a s lived in places like t h i s ? W h e n ? W h y ? Do / Doyou have to travel f a r t o w o r k ?
Did t h e y like it? I t h i n k she has to pay a b o u t 1 0 0 e u r o s a w e e k r e n t .
• W h a t do y o u t h i n k is good / bad a b o u t l i v i n g in e a c h
kind o f place? Use don't have to + verb t o talk a b o u t things t h a t are
• W h i c h d o y o u t h i n k is t h e best place t o m o v e into NOT necessary, but t h a t you are free t o do if y o u really
w h e n y o u leave h o m e ? W h y ? w a n t to.
You don't have to tell m e if y o u d o n ' t w a n t t o .
He's s o lucky! He doesn't have to work a t a l l !
LISTENING
U s e can + verb t o s h o w s o m e t h i n g is possible.
Y o u a r e g o i n g to h e a r a C h i n e s e m a n , G u o , t a l k i n g I can always talk t o m y f l a t m a t e s if I h a v e a p r o b l e m .
about l e a v i n g h o m e . Can you h o v e f r i e n d s t o s t a y in y o u r f l a t ?

A $ 6 . 2 L i s t e n a n d d e c i d e w h a t k i n d of p l a c e h e ' s
living in. A C o m p l e t e t h e s e n t e n c e s w i t h t h e correct f o r m of have
to, don't have to or can.
B Listen a g a i n a n d take notes o n the good / b a d 1 M y flat's quite close. W e w a l k t h e r e in
t h i n g s G u o m e n t i o n s about t h e place he's l i v i n g i n . ten minutes.
Compare w h a t y o u heard w i t h a partner. 2 Doyou pay e x t r a f o r t h e bills or a r e
they included?
C a n you complete these sentences that G u o said? 3 I p a y m y p a r e n t s rent, b u t I d o
Compare your ideas w i t h the audioscript o n page s o m e t i m e s give t h e m s o m e m o n e y if I have s o m e .
167. 4 M y p a r e n t s a r e q u i t e liberal. For e x a m p l e , f r i e n d s
1 I speak English all t h e t i m e . s t a y a t m y h o u s e if t h e y w a n t t o .
2 I share the bathroom a n d kitchen. 5 She's s o lucky! S h e do a n y h o u s e w o r k a t
3 I do w h a t e v e r I w a n t . all!
4 I c o m e h o m e late if I w a n t t o . 6 You cook f o r e v e r y o n e in t h e f l a t , b u t if
5 I be a good big b r o t h e r a n d good s o n y o u w a n t t o s o m e t i m e s , p l e a s e do.
here. 7 M y parents are quite strict. I help w i t h
all t h e c o o k i n g a n d c l e a n i n g .
LANGUAGE PATTERNS 8 I'm c l o s e t o m y sister. I talk to her about
Write t h e sentences in your language. Translate anything.
t h e m back into English. C o m p a r e your English t o t h e 9 M y g r a n d m o t h e r is ill a n d w a n t s t o live w i t h m y
original. p a r e n t s , so t h e y f i n d a bigger place.
I c a n do w h a t e v e r I w a n t - w h e n e v e r I w a n t , ^m-wgrnm
It's a g r e a t s h o p . You can g e t w h a t e v e r y o u w a n t • • Need help? Read t h e g r a m m a r reference on page 1 4 5 .
there.

I It's y o u r party. You c a n i n v i t e w h o e v e r y o u w a n t .

Sit w h e r e v e r y o u w a n t .
Choose whichever one you w a n t .
In n o r m a l s p e e c h , have to is usually pronounced
/haeft3/ a n d can is pronounced / k a n / .
I

staying with relatives

44 OUTCOMES
22
24
24
 B 4 6 . 3 Listen a n d repeat the sentences f r o m READING
exercise A .
Y o u a r e g o i n g to r e a d a n a r t i c l e a b o u t t h i n g s y o u s h o u l d k n o w
C M a k e a l i s t of g o o d t h i n g s a n d b a d t h i n g s before y o u leave h o m e .
about w h e r e y o u l i v e . U s e have to, don't
have to a n d can. F o r e x a m p l e : W h a t advice do y o u t h i n k t h e w r i t e r m i g h t give about the
It's great w h e r e I live. / can play f o o t b a l l in t h e f o l l o w i n g subjects?
park. money food housework flat-sharing loneliness
It's great, b e c a u s e / don't have to walk f a r t o
school. B W h i c h of t h e five s u b j e c t s a b o v e do y o u t h i n k e a c h of t h e
w o r d s b e l o w i s c o n n e c t e d to? W h y ?
Compare y o u r i d e a s i n g r o u p s . W h o h a s
the best l i f e ? D o e s a n y o n e k n o w a p e r s o n tools fill y o u r t i m e your weight
outside t h e g r o u p w h o h a s a b e t t e r l i f e ? a pint o f m i l k argue iron y o u r c l o t h e s
E x p l a i n w h y , u s i n g has to/doesn't have to / frozen meals a budget your o w n company
can. a healthy bank balance

R e a d t h e a r t i c l e a n d find o u t w h i c h s u b j e c t s t h e w o r d s
c o n n e c t to. W h a t d o e s t h e w r i t e r s a y a b o u t e a c h t h i n g ?

Work i n pairs. Discuss these questions.

• W h i c h piece o f a d v i c e do y o u t h i n k is best? W h y ?
• H a v e y o u ever h a d a n y p r o b l e m s w i t h a n y o f t h e t h i n g s
mentioned? When? W h a t happened?

FIVE THINGS YOU SHOULD KNOW BEFORE LEAVING HOME

n
MONEY DOESN'T LIVING O N Y O U R
CROW ON TREES O W N CAN BE
LONELY
One the most
depressing t h i n g s y o u Living a w a y f r o m
learn after leaving h o m e YOU CANNOT LIVE MACHINES ARE FLAT-SHARING IS h o m e c a n be incredibly
is that everything c o s t s ON BREAD ALONE YOUR FRIENDS THE EASIEST W A Y e x c i t i n g . You c a n c o m e
money. You move out TO LOSE FRIENDS a n d go w h e n e v e r y o u
with a healthy hank Although you m a y not W h i l e y o u a r e still l i v i n g w a n t ; you can eat
balance, you buy a f e w miss your parents very a t h o m e , life is easy. L i v i n g w i t h y o u r best whatever you w a n t and
bits of furniture a n d m u c h w h e n you first You don't h a v e t o d o friends might sound wear w h a t you want,
some new j e a n s a n d leave h o m e , y o u c a n t h e w a s h i n g , iron y o u r like a really great i d e a , but s p e n d i n g t i m e o n
before you k n o w it, t h e bet y o u ' l l m i s s t h e i r c l o t h e s , cook, s h o p , b u t t r u s t m e - it isn't! y o u r o w n c a n be h a r d .
cash machine has e a t e n cooking! Learning t o or f i x t h i n g s . O n c e You'll a r g u e a b o u t You m a y w a n t t o fill
your card! Of c o u r s e , cook w e l l t a k e s t i m e , y o u ' r e on y o u r o w n , everything and nothing. y o u r t i m e w i t h a social
banks will lend y o u a s so s t a r t l e a r n i n g n o w . though, knowing how You'll s h o u t a t e a c h life, m e e t i n g people a n d
much money as y o u If y o u d o n ' t , y o u ' l l e n d t o do s i m p l e t h i n g s other about whose turn g o i n g t o p a r t i e s , but
want, but r e m e m b e r u p l i v i n g on f r o z e n like s e t t i n g a w a s h i n g it is t o c l e a n t h e t o i l e t s o o n e r or later y o u have
-you don't have t o meals and takeaway m a c h i n e t o t h e correct a n d a b o u t w h o paid t o learn h o w t o enjoy
borrow! Learning t o pizzas, a n d t h a t ' l l a d d t e m p e r a t u r e or u s i n g for t h e last pint o f m i l k y o u r o w n c o m p a n y . You
manage a budget kilos t o y o u r w e i g h t a n d basic t o o l s c a n m a k e a a n d before y o u k n o w it, might just become the
may be boring, but it's take pounds from your huge difference t o your y o u ' l l be e n e m i e s r a t h e r best f r i e n d you'll ever
essential. pocket! q u a l i t y o f life! than friends! have!
23
25
25
 V O C A B U L A R Y staying with people LISTENING

A Complete the sentences w i t h the verbs i n the Y o u a r e g o i n g to h e a r a s t u d e n t f r o m U z b e k i s t a n a r r i v i n g at t h e

box. h o m e of h i s h o s t f a m i l y i n L o n d o n .

borrow help hang leave lend A 9 6.4 L i s t e n a n d t a k e notes o n w h a t y o u l e a r n about the host
1
lock show sit take off use f a m i l y a n d the house rules.

1 Do y o u w a n t m e t o my shoes B L i s t e n a g a i n a n d d e c i d e i f 1 - 1 0 a r e t r u e or f a l s e .
before I c o m e in? 1 M a k s i m h a n g s his coat on t h e back o f a chair.
2 Can I a n u m b r e l l a ? T h e y s a i d it 2 He a s k s for a c u p o f t e a .
m i g h t rain later. 3 His host f a m i l y really like t h e p r e s e n t he's b r o u g h t .
3 T h e food looks g r e a t ! W h e r e do y o u w a n t m e 4 He's g o i n g t o get a s p a r e key f r o m t h e f a m i l y .
to ? 5 H e h a s t o be h o m e by m i d n i g h t .
4 You c a n j u s t your bag and things 6 A n y o n e w h o v i s i t s h i m h a s t o leave before a c e r t a i n t i m e .
in t h e c o r n e r t h e r e . 7 He's s h o c k e d t o h e a r his h o s t f a m i l y are v e g e t a r i a n s .
5 You c a n y o u r c o a t on t h e back o f 8 H e n e e d s t o b o r r o w a n a l a r m clock.
t h e door t h e r e . 9 His host f a t h e r o f f e r s t o drive h i m t o school in t h e m o r n i n g .
6 Could y o u m e a n a l a r m clock for 10 He's n o t a l l o w e d t o s m o k e in his r o o m .
the morning?
7 Make sure you t h e door if y o u Work i n pairs. Discuss these questions.
c o m e h o m e late. • W o u l d y o u like t o s t a y in t h i s h o u s e ? W h y ? / W h y not
8 Let m e you around the house. • W h a t is a good p r e s e n t f r o m y o u r c o u n t r y t o give a host f a m i l y ?
9 Is it OK if I the computer while • Do y o u k n o w a n y v e g e t a r i a n s ? Do y o u t h i n k t h e y have a good
I'm here? diet? W h y ? / W h y not?
10 y o u r s e l f t o s o m e t h i n g t o e a t or
drink.
DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS
W h i c h five s e n t e n c e s a b o v e do y o u t h i n k t h e Asking for permission
guest says - a n d w h i c h five does the host say?
Compare your ideas i n pairs. Doyou mind if I + verb is o n e w a y of a s k i n g for permission to do
s o m e t h i n g . It m e a n s t h e s a m e t h i n g as Is it OK if I + verb. Look at
C W o r k w i t h y o u r p a r t n e r . C a n y o u t h i n k of t w o t h e positive a n d negative w a y s to respond.
m o r e t h i n g s g u e s t s m i g h t s a y at s o m e o n e ' s
house? A n d t w o m o r e things hosts m i g h t say? A: Do you mind if I smoke?

B-. No, of course not. Co ahead. / Well, actually, Id rather you didn't.

SPEAKING
A: Is it OK if I smoke?

A Work i n groups. Discuss these questions. B: Yes, of course. Co ahead. / Well, actually, I'd rather you didn't.

• W h e n w a s t h e last t i m e y o u w e n t t o A M a t c h t h e q u e s t i o n s 1-6 to t h e r e s p o n s e s a - f .
s o m e o n e ' s h o u s e for d i n n e r ? W h a t w a s t h e 1 Do y o u m i n d if I o p e n t h e w i n d o w ?
occasion? W h a t did y o u have? 2 Do y o u m i n d if I u s e y o u r c o m p u t e r ?
• W h e n w a s t h e last t i m e y o u s t a y e d a t 3 Do y o u m i n d if I b o r r o w y o u r p h o n e f o r a m i n u t e ?
s o m e o n e ' s h o u s e ? H o w l o n g did y o u s t a y ? 4 Is it O K if I leave c l a s s early t o d a y ?
W h e r e did y o u sleep? 5 Is it O K if I c l o s e t h e w i n d o w ?
• W h i c h of t h e t h i n g s b e l o w do y o u t h i n k it's 6 Is it O K if I s t a y a f e w m o r e days?
n o r m a l t o do w h e n y o u v i s i t - or s t a y in -
someone's house? a No, o f c o u r s e not. It is q u i t e h o t , isn't it?
- t a k e o f f y o u r s h o e s before y o u go in b I'd r a t h e r y o u d i d n ' t . M y m o t h e r is v i s i t i n g t o m o r r o w , y o u s e e .
- bring f l o w e r s and/or c h o c o l a t e for t h e host(s) c No, o f c o u r s e n o t . O n e m i n u t e . I'll j u s t log off.
- b r i n g a bottle o f s o m e t h i n g for t h e h o s t s d Yes, o f c o u r s e . It is q u i t e cold, isn't it?
- offer t o help w i t h t h e c o o k i n g e Yes, of c o u r s e . J u s t m a k e sure y o u r e m e m b e r t o do y o u r h o m e w o r k ,
- do t h e w a s h i n g - u p a f t e r d i n n e r f W e l l , a c t u a l l y , I'd r a t h e r y o u d i d n ' t . I don't have m u c h c r e d i t .
- s l e e p on t h e sofa or t h e floor
- ask for a s p a r e set o f keys B S > 6 . 5 L i s t e n to c h e c k y o u r a n s w e r s . T h e n p r a c t i s e a s k i n g a n d
- offer t o pay s o m e t h i n g t o help w i t h f o o d , e t c . r e s p o n d i n g to t h e q u e s t i o n s i n e x e r c i s e A w i t h a p a r t n e r .
• H a v e y o u s t a y e d w i t h a host f a m i l y in a n o t h e r
c o u n t r y ? H a s a n y o n e else y o u k n o w ? W h e r e C Work i n pairs. Write three questions people might ask w h e n
w a s it? W h a t w a s it like? s t a y i n g i n s o m e o n e else's h o u s e . U s e Do you mind if I/Is it OK if I.

24
26
46 OUTCOMES
26
 GRAMMAR will/won't C W i t h the s a m e partner, have three-line conversations using
y o u r i d e a s a n d t h e s e n t e n c e s i n e x e r c i s e B. F o r e x a m p l e :
Use will/ won't + verb for i m m e d i a t e A: These bags are really heavy
responses to things - or to say decisions y o u B: I'll carry one for you, if you want.
make at t h e s a m e t i m e you're s p e a k i n g . A: Well, if you don't mind. Thank you. It's very kind of you.
/7/just go and get s o m e w a t e r for you.
/'// just have a quick coffee. / won't stay long In n o r m a l s p e e c h , w e use t h e w e a k form of will -'// - w h e n it
a p p e a r s before a verb. It is pronounced / s i / .
To offer t o do t h i n g s for people, w e often use
/'// + verb (instead of Doyou want me to...?) D *b 6 . 6 L i s t e n a n d r e p e a t t h e s e n t e n c e s y o u h e a r .
I'll help you w i t h t h e c l e a n i n g , if you w a n t /
like.
SPEAKING
To promise to do t h i n g s - or to not do t h e m -
use will / won't. You a r e g o i n g to r o l e - p l a y a c o n v e r s a t i o n b e t w e e n a f o r e i g n
I'll call you later t o n i g h t , OK? student a n d a British host.
/ won't forget, I p r o m i s e . (= I w i l l not f o r g e t )
W o r k i n p a i r s . M a k e a l i s t of f i v e t h i n g s t h e h o s t m o t h e r /
Complete t h e s e n t e n c e s w i t h 'II / won't a n d father should tell the foreign student about the house rules,
a suitable v e r b . t h e a r e a a n d t h e t o w n / city.
1 I'm not really s u r e w h a t I'm d o i n g t o n i g h t . I
probably j u s t at B D e c i d e w h i c h r o l e s y o u a r e g o i n g to p l a y . T h e f o r e i g n s t u d e n t
home a n d relax. s h o u l d a s k t h e t h r e e q u e s t i o n s f r o m e x e r c i s e C of Developing
2 It's q u i t e hard t o e x p l a i n w h e r e it is. I conversations.
you a map, OK?
3 I can't talk n o w . I'm a t w o r k . I C R e a d t h e a u d i o s c r i p t f o r t h e Listening o n p a g e 1 6 8 . U n d e r l i n e
you later w h e n I'm n o t a s busy. a n y e x p r e s s i o n s or s e n t e n c e s y o u w a n t to u s e .
4 A: Have y o u g o t m y l a p t o p w i t h y o u ?
B: I'm really sorry, b u t I t o t a l l y f o r g o t . It's D N o w role-play the conversation. T h e host father / mother
still a t h o m e . I it t o m o r r o w , s h o u l d b e g i n b y s a y i n g : Hello there. Come in, come in.
I promise.
5 T h e f l o w e r s a r e lovely. T h a n k y o u . I E W h e n y o u h a v e f i n i s h e d , c h a n g e roles a n d start a g a i n .
just and put
t h e m in s o m e w a t e r .
6 It's q u i t e hard t o e x p l a i n h o w t o g e t t h e r e .
I y o u on t h i s m a p . T h a t ' l l be
easier.
7 I'm j u s t g o i n g t o t h e s h o p . I
out for l o n g .
8 A: It's a s e c r e t . You're t h e o n l y p e r s o n t h a t
knows!
B: Don't w o r r y . I anyone!

• Need help? Read t h e g r a m m a r reference on

page 1 4 5 .

W o r k i n p a i r s . D e c i d e w h a t to s a y i n
r e s p o n s e to e a c h of t h e s e n t e n c e s b e l o w .
Use I'll + if you like / want.
1 T h e s e bags a r e really heavy.
2 I'm c a t c h i n g t h e e i g h t t h i r t y f l i g h t
tomorrow morning.
3 I don't have a n y m o n e y w i t h m e !
4 I'm really t h i r s t y .
5 I'm c o m p l e t e l y lost. I'm l o o k i n g f o r t h e
station.
6 I've left m y books u p s t a i r s - a n d I'm in a
terrible rush.
7 Are y o u ready t o order?
8 There's s o m e o n e a t t h e door.

06 HOME 47 25
27
27
14 THINGS
In this unit you learn how to:
• describe things / people / places that
you don't know the names of
Grammar
• Relative clauses
• must / mustn't
Reading
• Rubbish food

• talk about common household Listening

objects Vocabulary • Things we need to buy
• explain where things are • Things in the house • Receiving presents
• discuss the environment and • Containers
environmental issues • Verbs with two objects

G R A M M A R Relative clauses C Complete the sentences by adding which, who or

where.
A Work i n pairs. How many of the questions below can 1 A tent is the thing you sleep in when
you answer? you go camping.
What do you call... 2 A conductor is a person tells an
1 ... the news about the weather that tells you if it will orchestra how to play.
be hot, cold or rainy tomorrow? 3 A building site is the place anew
2 ... something fixed to a wall which you put books and building is being constructed.
things like that on? 4 The equator is a line goes round the
3 ... the thing in the kitchen that you can pull open and middle of the earth.
keep things like knives and forks in? 5 Your colleagues are the people work
4 ... the money which you borrow from a bank to buy a with you.
house? 6 A mosque is a building you go and pray
5 ... a person that has to leave their country because of if you're Muslim.
war or because of their political beliefs? 7 A drill is a kind of tool you make holes
6 ... a person who lives next-door to you, or upstairs or with.
downstairs from you? 8 A gallery is a building you can see art
7 ... someone who sees a crime - or an accident? exhibitions.
8 ... the place where you play football? 9 A client is someone pays for the
9 ... the place in a school or university where you can professional services of a person like a lawyer.
read or borrow books?
10 ... the place where you play tennis? • Need help? Read the grammar reference on page 153.

B Now match the words i n the box to the questions i n D Write definitions of the words i n the box using which
exercise A. / that, who / that and where.

a shelf a neighbour a drawer a pitch a cancellation fee a sink a landlord

a forecast a refugee a library a court a babysitter a town hall an embassy
a mortgage a witness
E Work i n groups. Tell each other about:
• a thing which is really important to you. Explain why.
We use relative clauses to add information about • a person who has influenced you. Explain how.
what a thing, person or place is or does. We use which • a place where you were very happy. Explain why.
/ that for things, who / that for people and where for
places. LISTENING

A net is the thing which / that separates one half of a You are going to hear three new flatmates planning a
tennis court from the other. shopping trip.
A pilot is someone who / that is trained to fly planes.
A car plant is a kind of factory where cars are A 9> 14.1 Listen and decide w h i c h of the objects i n the
produced. pictures opposite they are going to buy - and why they
want them. What is each of these things called?

B Describe the other things i n the pictures.

98 OUTCOMES 26
28
28
 D Complete the sentences below w i t h the correct words
from exercise B.
1 Have you got 1 could borrow? I'd like to
have a shower.
2 Have you got ? I'd like to clean the table.
3 Have you got I've just cut myself.
?

4 Have you got ? I'll make us some soup.

5 Have you got 1 need to go out into the
?

garden and it's really dark out there.

6 Have you got 1 need to put a button
?

back on my shirt.
7 Have you got ?
I've just spilt water all
over the kitchen floor.
8 Have you got ? I've just spilt some sugar.

VOCABULARY Things in the house DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS

Explaining where things are
Which of the rooms and places below do you have
where you live? Compare your answers w i t h a We often give two descriptions of where things are:
partner. one general, one more specific. Keep a record and
notice the prepositions used. For example: It's in the
a kitchen a bathroom a bedroom kitchen, in the cupboard under the sink.
a living room a garage a spare room
an office a garden a dining room A Choose the correct prepositions.
1 There's one at / in the bath room, on / at the shelf..
Which of the objects i n the box can you see i n the 2 There's one under /down the sink in the kitchen.
pictures below? 3 There's one on / at the desk in my study.
4 There's one at / on the side - next to the sink.
a mop and bucket a towel a pan 5 There's one at / in the corner of the garage.
a hammer and nails a hairdryer a duvet 6 There's one in / at the cupboard down / under the
a needle and thread a cloth a stapler stairs.
a vacuum cleaner a plaster an iron 7 There's one in /at a drawer in the kitchen, the one up
a bin a desk a torch a rubber /above the fridge.
8 There's one in the garage, in a box at / by the door.
C Where i n your house would you put each of the
objects below? Discuss your decisions w i t h a partner. B Work i n pairs. Take turns asking the questions i n
Vocabulary, exercise D. Give answers that are true
for you. Use prepositional phrases from above. For
example:
A: Have you got a towel I could borrow? I'd like to have a
shower.
B: Yes, there are some on a shelf in the bathroom, on the
left when you go in.

C O N V E R S A T I O N PRACTICE

You are going to have a similar conversation to the

one i n Listening.

A Work i n pairs. Imagine you are going on a picnic.

Look at the pictures of the things you want to take.
Student A: look at File 15 on page 159.
Student B: look at File 1 on page 156.

FJ Discuss what you want to take. Explain what the

objects are. Make sure your partner understands
what you mean. Then decide where to go - and how
to get there.

14THINGS 99
27
29
29
 V O C A B U L A R Y containers READING

A Label the pictures of each family's weekly You are going to read an article about supermarket shopping
shopping with the words i n the box. and the environment.

a can of cola f box of cereal A Before you read, discuss the following i n groups.
b packet of biscuits g sack of rice 1 Does your family shop at a supermarket? Which one? Why?
c carton of milk h pot of yoghurt 2 Make a list of issues you think the article might mention.
d jar of honey i bar of chocolate
e tin of tomatoes j tray of meat B Read the article and find four things you shouldn't buy - and
explain why.
B Work i n pairs. Say w h i c h of the containers
are usually made of metal, glass, plastic, C Discuss i n pairs whether you think these sentences are true or
cardboard or cloth. false.
1 100% efficiency is impossible.
C Work i n pairs. Discuss these questions. 2 The writer lives in New Zealand.
• Which family do you think spends the most? 3 The writer doesn't recycle anything.
• Which family has the healthiest diet? 4 Producing aluminium is very inefficient.
• Which of the families do you think causes the 5 Plastic bottles reduce transport costs.
most damage to the environment? Why? 6 Tap water is better for the environment than bottled.
• How does your family's weekly food shop 7 The author eats a lot of meat.
compare to these families? 8 Eating a lot of cheese is bad for the environment.
9 The sausages which were found were 30 years old.

NATIVE SPEAKER ENGLISH

loads
We often say loads instead of lots or a lot.

There's loads of waste.

There were loads of people at the party.
He earns loads in that job!
I've got loads of work to do.

If li II

There are laws of nature that we can't ignore, like gravity and waste. We
know what goes up must come down and, similarly, we can't avoid the faci
that everything we produce and consume leads to waste. In the case of my
supermarket shopping, there's loads of waste. Professor Liam Taylor, an expei
on the environment, is trying to convince me I could waste less.
From my shopping basket, he picks up a polystyrene tray of six New
Zealand kiwi fruits covered in clear plastic. 'These probably caused three
tons of carbon dioxide by being flown twelve thousand miles. To make things
worse, this kind of plastic is almost impossible to recycle. What's wrong with
local apples?'
'Nothing', I weakly reply, 'I just prefer kiwis.'
'Hmm. Well, if you must have them, eat Italian ones - and buy them with
no packaging.'
He looks at the bottles of water and cans of cola. Before he can say
anything, I say, 'I'm always careful to recycle those.'
'Well, that's good, but the aluminium in those cans is bad. They must mine

28
30
100 OUTCOMES
30
 D Work i n groups. Discuss these questions. G R A M M A R Must /mustn't
• Which of the families in Vocabulary do you now think
causes the most damage to the environment? Why? Must shows something essential to do because of a
• Which things that the professor suggests do you do? law or an order - or because you think it's essential.
• Is there anything in the text you don't believe? Why? / must take out the rubbish before I forget.
• Do you recycle any of the containers in Vocabulary? You can also use have to in these examples.

E Read the fact file together i n pairs and discuss: Mustn't shows it is essential not to do something.
• if you find any of the facts surprising People mustn't leave rubbish outside without a sticker
• what your country does to encourage reducing, on the bag to show they have paid their tax.
reusing and recycling.
You can't use don't have to instead of mustn't. Don't
Every American produces an average of 2 kg. have to means it's not necessary to do something.
of rdbbish a day.
It costs around $100 per tonne to dispose A Choose the correct form.
of rubbish and $1000 a tonne to get rid of 1 The new law means companies must / mustn't
chemicals such as paint. reduce waste by 10%.
In comparison, steel costs $200 per tonne to 2 The new law says you must / mustn't smoke
produce. anywhere in or around public buildings.
The UK buries over 90% of its waste, Denmark 3 You must / mustn't throw chemicals away with the
under 10%. normal rubbish. It's against the law.
The airports in New York are built on top of 4 I must / mustn't repair my car. It's dangerous to drive.
rubbish. 5 I must / mustn't remember to call Frank and tell him
The Swiss have the best record for recycling. the meeting's cancelled.
Switzerland charges people for throwing away 6 I don't have to / mustn't forget to pay my gas bill.
rubbish. People mustn't leave rubbish outside 7 We don't have to / mustn't pay tax on rubbish.
without a sticker on the bag to show they 8 If you must / mustn't have soft drinks, buy them in
have paid their tax. plastic bottles.
3% of electricity in Switzerland is made from
burning waste. B Write four laws using must / mustn't to improve the
Recycling is good, but it's better to reduce or environment or reduce waste.

• Need help? Read the grammar reference on page 153.

r tonnes ot rock to get one tonne of aluminium, and the transport crossed off my shopping list. 'What about those cakes?' I say. They
5 of the cans and glass bottles are higher as they are heavier were made in the supermarket bakery and the packaging is
han plastic. Anyway, what's wrong with having tap water? It's much biodegradable.'
Bore efficient.' He laughs. 'Well, I guess the cake is OK, but forget about
1... er ... prefer ... .' The professor's look stops me from finishing biodegradable!' Apparently, a team of archaeologists recently
he sentence! investigated sites where rubbish had been buried. They found
'If you must have soft drinks, buy them in recyclable plastic bottles newspapers that were thirty years old, and which you could still
kid get the largest size, because they use less plastic than lots of read, next to perfectly preserved sausages!
pail bottles. The same is true of those small boxes of cereal' I feel slightly sick and very, very guilty.
I The next problem is the amount of meat I've bought. He tells me
pe chicken is OK, but generally meat is bad for the environment. #

firstly, cows and sheep produce a lot of natural gas which causes • Glossary
ilobal warming. Secondly, they're an inefficient way to get food • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • <
inergy. Better to be vegetarian, especially if the vegetables are ' biodegradable: if something is biodegradable it means that it
tally grown and you don't eat too many dairy products.' *
m
c a
naturally changed by bacteria and can safely become
n b e

I am becoming depressed as all my favourite things get • P °1 t h or water.

a r t e a r

14 THINGS 101
29
31
31
 SPEAKING V O C A B U L A R Y verbs with two objects

Woik i n groups. Discuss these questions. Certain verbs are often followed by two objects. The
• What was the last present you received? What was first object is usually a person - or a group of people;
>eopie;
the occasion? Were you happy with it? the second object is usually a thing.
• What's the best present you've ever received / given? My big sister bought me my own website.
What was so good about it? She sent me an email with the link in it.
• Have you ever received any strange or bad presents? He gave me an iron for my birthday!
Who from? What was wrong with them?
If we want to put the thing first, then the: person
person /
/
LISTENING people is / are added in a phrase that begins
;ins with for
or to.
You are going to hear four people talk about presents My big sister bought a website for me.
they have received. She sent an email to me with the link in it.
——J
A % 14.2 Listen and answer the questions about each A Complete the sentences w i t h the verbs and the
speaker. second objects i n the box.
1 What presents did they get?
2 What was the occasion? ask + a personal question make + a cup of tea
3 Were they happy with the presents when they got buy + a c a r pour + a drink
them? Why? / Why not? cook + dinner read + a bedtime story
give + something special send + a card
B In pairs, discuss what you remember about how lend + some money tell + a secret
these words were used by each speaker. For example:
dues: Her sister sent her an email with clues about the 1 Doyoumindifl you ? How
present. much did you pay for it?
2 Sorry about that. I couldn't talk earlier. I had to
1 clues link click my kids before they went
2 close petrol weight to sleep.
3 message attractive broke up 3 I can't believe it! My dad has promised to
4 taxi polite papers my brother when he
graduates! He doesn't even have a licence yet!
C Listen again and read the audioscript on page 176 to 4 I'm going to my flatmates
check your ideas. tonight. I'm doing a traditional dish from my country.
5 I've left my wallet at home. Can you me
? I'll pay you back tomorrow, I promise.
Write the sentences in your language. Translate 6 Sorry. I didn't realise your glass was empty. Let me
them back into English. Compare your English to the you
original. 7 Could you me ? The kettle's
She's really good with computers. over there. I'm sorry to ask, but I'm really busy!
I'm not very good with money. 8 It's my mum's 6oth birthday next month and I want
She's amazing with children. to her Do you have any
He's very good at Physics and Chemistry. ideas?
She's great at painting and drawing. 9 If I you do you promise
I'm not very good at swimming. not to tell anyone else?
10 My parents don't really give me presents any more,
Work i n pairs. Discuss these questions. but they usually me for
• Which of the presents mentioned do you think is the my birthday.
best / worst? Why?
• Why do you think the third speaker's ex-boyfriend B Work i n pairs. Discuss these questions.
gave her an iron? What would you do if something • Do you ever cook dinner for people? When was the
similar happened to you? last time? What did you cook? What was it like?
• When was the last time someone cooked you dinner?
What was it like?
• Do you ever send cards / eCards to people? Why?
• Who was the last person you lent money to? Have
they paid you back?
• Who do you usually tell your secrets to? Why?

102 OUTCOMES 30
32
32
SPEAKING

Work i n groups. Decide what is the best present to get i n each of the situations below. Explain your ideas.
It's your grandparents' golden wedding [Link]'ve been married for 50 years.
Your cousin turns 13 next week and you want to buy her something special.
Some friends of yours - or of your family - have just had their first baby.
It's Valentine's Day next week and you want to get your boyfriend / girlfriend something romantic.
You've been invited to someone's house for dinner and you want to take something for them.
Someone where you work is retiring next month.
Some friends have moved in to a new house and have invited you to a party there.
Your English course is ending soon and you want to buy your teacher something.

31
33
33
 EAT
In this unit y o u learn h o w to: Grammar Reading
• describe restaurants and meals • T h e present perfect simple • Breakfast around t h e worli
• make and respond to • too / not... enough
suggestions • Offers, requests, permission, Listening
• talk a b o u t d i f f e r e n t k i n d s o f suggestions • Deciding w h e r e t o e a t
food • In a r e s t a u r a n t
• u n d e r s t a n d m e n u s , order a n d Vocabulary
pay in r e s t a u r a n t s • Restaurants
• Describing food

SPEAKING V O C A B U L A R Y Restaurants

\ Work i n groups. Discuss these questions. A C o m p l e t e t h e s e n t e n c e s w i t h t h e p a i r s of

• Look at t h e d i f f e r e n t kinds o f r e s t a u r a n t s in t h e box b e l o w . words.
W h i c h do y o u h a v e in y o u r t o w n / city?
• C a n y o u d e s c r i b e w h e r e e a c h r e s t a u r a n t is? busy + seat money + portions
• W h i c h o f t h e d i f f e r e n t kinds o f f o o d b e l o w do y o u like? W h i c h choice + options place + do
don't y o u like? W h y ? delicious + disgusting service + staff
• C a n y o u cook a n y o f t h e s e d i f f e r e n t kinds o f f o o d ? dishes + choose terrace + view

Thai Indian fast food Japanese Turkish vegetarian 1 T h e f i r s t t i m e I w e n t t h e r e , t h e food w a s

steak Mexican Greek Italian seafood Moroccan but I w e n t t h e r e a g a i n recently
a n d it w a s !
2 It's q u i t e good v a l u e for
It's q u i t e c h e a p - a n d y o u get really big

3 The is g r e a t . T h e
are a l w a y s really f r i e n d l y a n d polite.
4 It o f t e n g e t s really and you
s o m e t i m e s h a v e t o w a i t t o get a
5 It's got a g o o d s e l e c t i o n o f
There's plenty to from.

1
6 It's OK, b u t t h e r e isn't m u c h
They don't have any vegetarian
CZ iZ c£ C £1 £.
7 T h e r e ' s a little J a p a n e s e near my
office a n d t h e y great sushi!
8 It's g r e a t . You c a n sit o u t s i d e on t h e
t h e r e a n d get a n incredible
o f t h e city.

B Underline any words a n d expressions i n

exercise A that describe two restaurants you
k n o w . T h e n t e l l a p a r t n e r as m u c h as y o u c a n

EL 3
ATIQ a b o u t e a c h p l a c e . For e x a m p l e :
/ often go to an Italian restaurant called Luigi's. It's
M E)H CAN FOOD really good value for money. The food is delicious
and you get really big portions. They do the best
pizzas in town!

38
34
20 OUTCOMES
34
 G R A M M A R The present perfect simple

The present perfect simple is f o r m e d using have / has

+ t h e past participle. It s h o w s s o m e t h i n g h a p p e n e d
before t h e present a t a n unspecified t i m e in t h e past.

W e often use it t o start conversations about our

experiences.
I've seen it, b u t I've never eaten there.
A: Have you been t h e r e ?
B: No. I Ve never heard o f it. W h e r e is it?

A S a y a l l t h r e e f o r m s of e a c h of t h e v e r b s i n t h e box.

be bring g° forget lose think

become choose have hear read try
break eat find leave see win
LISTENING
B C o m p l e t e t h e s e n t e n c e s u s i n g t h e present perfect
You are g o i n g to h e a r t w o f r i e n d s d e c i d i n g w h e r e t o f o r m of t h e v e r b s i n b r a c k e t s .
eat. 1 A: y o u ever o n a diet t h a t
a c t u a l l y w o r k e d ? (be)
A £ 3.1 L i s t e n a n d t a k e n o t e s o n w h a t y o u h e a r a b o u t B: No. I lots, b u t I u s u a l l y put on w e i g h t
each of t h e s e p l a c e s . T h e n c o m p a r e y o u r i d e a s i n p a i r s . a g a i n o n c e I s t o p t h e m ! (try)
2 A: y o u ever anything
the Thai restaurant u n u s u a l ? (eat)
t h e steak r e s t a u r a n t B: Y e a h , I camel meat a few times and I
Sofra h a d b a t s o u p last y e a r in t h e P h i l i p p i n e s , (have)
3 A: y o u ever t o a really
B Can you remember w h y they talked about these e x p e n s i v e r e s t a u r a n t ? (go)
t h i n g s ? C o m p a r e y o u r i d e a s . L i s t e n a g a i n to c h e c k . B: Yes, I h a v e , b u t luckily m y boss p a i d !
4 A: y o u ever a hair in y o u r
spicy food t h e big d e p a r t m e n t store food? (find)
red m e a t t h e bus station B: No, never, b u t I o n c e f o u n d a piece o f g l a s s in a
dishes phone burger. I c o u l d n ' t believe it!
5 A: you ever in a
:
Discuss these questions w i t h a p a r t n e r . restaurant? (complain)
• Which of the three restaurants do you think sounds B: Y e a h , a f e w t i m e s , a c t u a l l y . Last w e e k I c o m p l a i n e d
best? W h y ? in a c a f e b e c a u s e t h e f o o d w a s n ' t cooked properly.
• Do you like spicy food? 6 A: y o u ever any of Gordon
• Do y o u e a t m u c h red m e a t ? R a m s a y ' s recipes? (try)
B: No, I never o f h i m . (hear)

DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS C W h i c h t e n s e d o e s B u s e i n a n s w e r s 4 a n d 5? W h y ?

Suggestions
• Need help? Read t h e g r a m m a r reference on page 140.
Look at this w a y of m a k i n g a n d responding t o
suggestions. D A s k a partner the six questions i n exercise B - a n d
A: W h e r e d o y o u w a n t t o go? g i v e t r u e a n s w e r s . T h e n w r i t e f i v e m o r e Have you
B: How about t h a t I n d i a n place r o u n d t h e c o r n e r ? ever...? q u e s t i o n s to a s k s o m e o t h e r s t u d e n t s .
A: To be honest, I don't really feel like a c u r r y today.
B: Well, we could go t o Prego instead.
C O N V E R S A T I O N PRACTICE
Work i n pairs. Have s i m i l a r conversations u s i n g
these i d e a s . A T h i n k of t h r e e p l a c e s y o u l i k e e a t i n g i n - a n d w h y
1 sushi bar / J a p a n e s e food / M o r o c c a n place t h e y a r e g o o d p l a c e s to go to.
2 pizza place / I t a l i a n f o o d / M e x i c a n r e s t a u r a n t
3 M c D o n a l d ' s / f a s t food / s e a f o o d place B W o r k i n p a i r s . H a v e a c o n v e r s a t i o n s i m i l a r to t h e o n e
4 the cinema / watching a film / a m u s e u m i n listening. S t a r t b y a s k i n g Are you hungry? Reject
5 one of t h e g a l l e r i e s / l o o k i n g a t p a i n t i n g s / t h e park at l e a s t o n e of y o u r p a r t n e r ' s i d e a s a n d e x p l a i n w h y .

03 EAT 21 39
35
35
SPEAKING B Work i n pairs. Discuss these questions.
• H a v e y o u had a n y of t h e foods in t h e p i c t u r e s r e c e n t l y ?
Work i n groups. Discuss these questions. When? What with?
• W h a t ' s t h e m o s t i m p o r t a n t m e a l o f t h e d a y for y o u - • A r e t h e r e a n y t h i n g s in t h e pictures t h a t y o u ' v e n e v e r
b r e a k f a s t , l u n c h or d i n n e r ? W h y ? tried?
• W h e r e do y o u u s u a l l y h a v e e a c h m e a l ? • In w h i c h c o u n t r i e s do y o u t h i n k t h e s e f o o d s m i g h t be
• W h a t d o y o u usually have? p o p u l a r for b r e a k f a s t ?
• D o y o u eat a n y t h i n g b e t w e e n m e a l s ? W h a t ?
C R e a d t h e text a n d a n s w e r these questions.
1 In w h i c h c o u n t r i e s a r e t h e 12 f o o d s f r o m e x e r c i s e A
READING p o p u l a r for b r e a k f a s t ?
2 W h a t e l s e do people o f t e n have for b r e a k f a s t in e a c h
Y o u a r e g o i n g to r e a d a t e x t a b o u t b r e a k f a s t i n country?
different countries. 3 W h i c h breakfasts d o y o u think sound: healthy?
f a t t e n i n g ? f i l l i n g ? spicy?
L a b e l t h e p i c t u r e s w i t h t h e w o r d s i n t h e box. 4 W h a t are e a c h o f t h e t h i n g s b e l o w ?
kimchi kiselo mlyako
grilled f i s h f l a t bread honey gallo pinto plantain
boiled e g g yoghurt onion aqua duke foul medammes
fried egg olives toast
D Work i n pairs. Discuss these questions.
• W h i c h o f t h e f i v e b r e a k f a s t s w o u l d y o u m o s t / least like
to have? W h y ?
• Do a n y o f t h e b r e a k f a s t s c o n t a i n a n y t h i n g y o u c a n ' t e a t ?
W h y can't you eat t h e m ?
• H a v e y o u ever had b r e a k f a s t a b r o a d ? W h a t w a s it like?

L A

22 OUTCOMES
40
36
36
 G R A M M A R too / not... enough B U s e too / not... enough to d i s c u s s p r o b l e m s
y o u m i g h t h a v e w i t h t h e t h i n g s b e l o w . For
Use too + adjective / adverb to explain w h y you don't like example:
something or to talk about problems. Use not + adjective / a dessert: It's too sweet - and it's too fattening!
adverb + enough w h e n you need more.
a drink a dessert a hotel a movie
M o s t people a r e too conservative to change their eating habits. a car an English course a jacket a room
W e aren't u s u a l l y adventurous enough to experiment.
• Need help? Read t h e g r a m m a r reference on page
C o m p l e t e t h e s e n t e n c e s u s i n g too or not... enough a n d t h e 141.
adjectives i n t h e box.

NATIVE SPEAKER ENCLIS

big cooked expensive fattening good hot
Crab
1 It's t o e a t a t t h e m o m e n t . It n e e d s t o cool d o w n . If y o u g r a b f o o d or d r i n k , y o u h a v e it quickly.
2 T h e food t h e r e is nice, b u t t h e p o r t i o n s are I'm
usually still h u n g r y a t t h e e n d o f t h e m e a l . Plenty of Koreans just grab a quick coffee and
3 It's a nice place, b u t t h e s e r v i c e is They take too some cereal.
long t o b r i n g y o u y o u r f o o d . Let's grab a quick drink after class.
4 It's a n a m a z i n g r e s t a u r a n t , b u t it's for me to eat Doyou want to grab something to eat before
t h e r e very o f t e n . the meeting?
5 I love c h o c o l a t e , b u t it's to eat very often. Give me two minutes. I just need to grab a
6 Some of the food w a s OK, but my steak w a s I sandwich.
w a n t e d it w e l l - d o n e , b u t t h e y s e r v e d it m e d i u m - r a r e !

Breakfast around the world

They say breakfast is the most important meal of the day. Maybe that's why most
people don't like to change their morning eating habits. While we may be open to
foreign food at lunch or dinner, at breakfast we are people of habit and we aren't
usually adventurous enough to experiment. Below, we look at typical breakfasts in
five different countries. Would you try any of them?

South Korea Costa Rica Egypt

Obviously,city life a n d busy lifestyles m e a n M a n y C o s t a Ricans s t a r t t h e i r d a y w i t h t h e Visit a n y t o w n in Egypt in t h e m o r n i n g
plenty of K o r e a n s j u s t g r a b a quick coffee n a t i o n a l d i s h , g a l l o pinto, w h i c h is a m i x t u r e a n d you'll f i n d street stalls selling/otv/
and some cereal or t o a s t , but m a n y o t h e r s o f fried rice a n d black b e a n s . It's lightly medammes - broad b e a n s cooked w i t h
still find t i m e for t h e t r a d i t i o n a l b r e a k f a s t spiced a n d o f t e n served w i t h f r i e d p l a n t a i n tomatoes and onions - and eaten w i t h a
of rice and soup. People t h e n c h o o s e e x t r a (a kind o f b a n a n a u s e d like a v e g e t a b l e in boiled e g g on t o p a n d lots o f f l a t bread.
dishes such as grilled f i s h , v e g e t a b l e s a n d a lot o f C e n t r a l A m e r i c a n a n d C a r i b b e a n Pickled v e g e t a b l e s are u s u a l l y served a s a
kimchi, w h i c h is pickled c a b b a g e w i t h cooking), c r e a m a n d fried e g g s . T h e r e ' s side d i s h . For m a n y poorer E g y p t i a n s , t h i s
[Link] dish is s o popular t h a t t h e f i r s t u s u a l l y s o m e s t r o n g local coffee a s w e l l - or is t h e m a i n m e a l until d i n n e r . T h e y say t h e
Korean astronaut took special kimchi with p e r h a p s s o m e agua dulce ('sweet w a t e r ' ) , dish is 'a rock in t h e s t o m a c h ' .
him to his space s t a t i o n ! w h i c h is m a d e f r o m s u g a r c a n e j u i c e .

Bulgaria Ireland
Breakfast in Bulgaria includes t e a or s t r o n g T h e t r a d i t i o n a l Irish b r e a k f a s t is called
coffee,sesame bread a n d butter, c h e e s e a fry a n d is not good for v e g e t a r i a n s ! It
made from sheep's milk, honey, olives, c o n s i s t s o f b a c o n , black p u d d i n g (a kind o f
boiled eggs and - m o s t i m p o r t a n t l y - kiselo s a u s a g e m a d e w i t h blood), w h i t e p u d d i n g
mlyako, a local y o g h u r t . B u l g a r i a has a lot ( a n o t h e r kind o f s a u s a g e ) , fried eggs, fried
of people aged over 1 0 0 a n d m a n y believe m u s h r o o m s a n d t o a s t - all a c c o m p a n i e d by
that the secret b e h i n d t h i s is t h e i r y o g h u r t , s t r o n g Irish t e a !
which most B u l g a r i a n s eat every day.

03 EAT 23 41
37
37
SPEAKING LISTENING

Discuss these questions i n groups. Y o u a r e g o i n g to h e a r s o m e p e o p l e w h o a r e

• H o w o f t e n do y o u e a t o u t ? e a t i n g out i n T h e Globe Restaurant.
• W h o do y o u u s u a l l y go o u t for m e a l s w i t h ?
• Do y o u g e n e r a l l y order t h e s a m e t h i n g - or do y o u like t r y i n g A First, read the restaurant m e n u below. Put
different things? a t i c k > / n e x t to t h e d i s h e s t h a t l o o k g o o d
• W h o u s u a l l y pays w h e n y o u go o u t for a m e a l ? to y o u , a c r o s s X n e x t to a n y d i s h e s t h a t
• Have y o u ever h a d a n y p r o b l e m s in r e s t a u r a n t s ? W h a t h a p p e n e d ? don't look good a n d a question m a r k ? next
to a n y d i s h e s y o u don't u n d e r s t a n d .

V O C A B U L A R Y Describing food B C o m p a r e y o u r ideas i n groups.

• Try a n d e x p l a i n s o m e o f t h e d i s h e s t o t h e
P u t t h e w o r d s i n t h e b o x i n t o t h e correct l i s t . others.
• W h a t w o u l d y o u order in t h i s r e s t a u r a n t ?
roasted fruit skin thick soft Why?
seafood shell raw bitter herb
grilled mild sauce stone salty

kind of food part of body / taste and h o w cooked /

vegetable texture eaten
meat leg strong fried
fish seed sweet boiled
vegetable hard
T h e Globe Restaurant

Starters
Grilled squid
Country stew
M a t c h t h e d e s c r i p t i o n s to t h e p i c t u r e s b e l o w .
Soup of the day
1 They're a kind o f s e a f o o d . T h e y ' r e q u i t e big a n d w h i t e , not very soft,
Crab cakes with Spanish ham and apples
w i t h a mild t a s t e - not very salty. They're u s u a l l y fried or grilled in
Six oysters
t h e s h e l l . T h e y have a big shell - a l m o s t t h e size o f m y h a n d .
Mushrooms with garlic
2 It's a kind o f f r u i t . It's g r e e n . It h a s a very t h i c k s k i n , w h i c h y o u
Tomato and avocado salad
don't e a t , a n d a very big s t o n e in t h e m i d d l e . T h e i n s i d e is g r e e n
a n d it's n e i t h e r s w e e t nor s a l t y a n d y o u u s u a l l y e a t it in a s a l a d , or
Main courses
y o u s o m e t i m e s m a k e a kind o f s a u c e w i t h it.
Fried chicken with potatoes (roasted, boiled
or fried)
I n p a i r s , t a k e t u r n s d e s c r i b i n g f o u r d i f f e r e n t f o o d s for y o u r
Aubergines stuffed with rice
p a r t n e r to g u e s s .
Spaghetti with tomato and clams
Spicy scallops with noodles
Leg of lamb with vegetables
Lamb c u r r y
Steak and chips

Courgette and potato pie with Greek cheese

kiwi fruit avocad

Desserts

^1 Chocolate pudding with chocolate sauce

Fruit salad
Home-made s t r a w b e r r y and vanilla ice-cream
Carrot cake (with cream)

clams Plate of cheese (with biscuits)

Drinks
Soft drinks (lemonade, orange juice, cola, etc.)
House wine (red or white)
Beer

courgette aubergine

24 OUTCOMES 42
38
38
C Below are ten questions asked i n the A C o m p l e t e t h e q u e s t i o n s w i t h would /could /shall
restaurant. Put t h e m into the order y o u t h i n k 1 A: w e j u s t h a v e a j u g o f t a p w a t e r please?
you w i l l hear t h e m in. B: I'm a f r a i d not, m a d a m . You h a v e t o buy a bottle.
1 Could I j u s t have a c o f f e e , please? 2 A: w e g e t t h e bill?
2 W o u l d y o u like t o s e e t h e d e s s e r t m e n u ? B: Y e a h , it's g e t t i n g late a n d I'm t i r e d .
3 Does it c o n t a i n a n y m e a t a t all? 3 A: w e h a v e a h a l f portion f o r t h e kids?
4 Shall w e leave a t i p ? B: O f c o u r s e , sir.
5 Could w e g e t s o m e w a t e r a s w e l l , please? 4 A: y o u like t o s e e t h e d r i n k s list, m a d a m ?
6 Are y o u ready t o order? B: No t h a n k s w e j u s t have t w o mineral
7 Have y o u booked? waters?
8 W o u l d y o u like a high c h a i r f o r t h e little girl? 5 A: w e r i n g t h e m a n d book a t a b l e ?
9 Could w e h a v e t h e bill, please? B : T h a t ' s a good i d e a . T h e y g e t q u i t e busy.
10 Could y o u g e t us a c l o t h , please? 6 A: y o u m o v e y o u r c h a i r a little s o I c a n g e t
past?
D Compare y o u r ideas w i t h a partner. W h o do B: I'll g e t up. It's v e r y t i g h t in here.
you t h i n k w o u l d a s k each one - a w a i t e r / 7 A: y o u like m e t o order f o r e v e r y o n e ?
w a i t r e s s or a c u s t o m e r ? B: Yes, if y o u don't m i n d . T h e r e ' s s o m u c h t o c h o o s e f r o m .
8 A: w e g e t a t a x i or d o y o u w a n t t o w a l k ?
E 4 3.2 N o w l i s t e n to s i x s h o r t c o n v e r s a t i o n s . B: Let's w a l k - it's a lovely n i g h t . It's so w a r m .
Put t h e t e n q u e s t i o n s f r o m e x e r c i s e C i n t o t h e
order y o u h e a r t h e m i n . B I n p a i r s , t a k e t u r n s s a y i n g q u e s t i o n s 1-8. Y o u r p a r t n e r
s h o u l d give d i f f e r e n t r e p l i e s to t h e o n e s a b o v e .
F C a n y o u r e m e m b e r t h e a n s w e r s to a n y o f t h e
ten q u e s t i o n s ? D i s c u s s y o u r i d e a s a n d t h e n C I n g r o u p s , t h i n k o f t h r e e s u i t a b l e offers / r e q u e s t s /
l i s t e n a g a i n to c h e c k . s u g g e s t i o n s for e a c h r e s t a u r a n t s i t u a t i o n b e l o w .
1 T h e m e n u is in a l a n g u a g e y o u d o n ' t speak.
LANGUAGEPATTERN^^ 2 You're allergic t o t o m a t o e s .
Write the sentences in your l a n g u a g e . Translate 3 You've left y o u r w a l l e t a t h o m e .
them back into English. C o m p a r e your English 4 T h e w o m a n s i t t i n g b e h i n d y o u is s m o k i n g .
to the original. 5 You've all f i n i s h e d y o u r m a i n c o u r s e s .
Doyou mind waiting?
D o y o u mind sharing a table? • Need help? Read t h e g r a m m a r reference on page 1 4 1 .
We don't m i n d s i t t i n g in t h e s m o k i n g a r e a if
w e have t o .
I don't m i n d w h e r e w e go. SPEAKING
I don't m i n d if y o u w a n t t o t r y s o m e w h e r e else.
You a r e going to role-play a conversation i n T h e Globe
Restaurant.
G R A M M A R Offers, requests,
permission, suggestions A Work i n pairs.
Student A : y o u a r e t h e w a i t e r / w a i t r e s s . Read File 2 o n page
156.
would, could a n d shall Student B : y o u a r e a c u s t o m e r . Read File 1 6 o n page 1 5 9 .
We use would, could a n d shall to add m e a n i n g
to other verbs. Would, could a n d shall are B S p e n d f i v e m i n u t e s p l a n n i n g w h a t y o u a r e g o i n g to say.
often used w h e n you w a n t t o d o things. For Use as m u c h language f r o m these pages as possible. T h e n
example: role-play the conversation.
Make polite offers (instead o f ' D o y o u w a n t
...?')
Would you like t o s e e t h e m e n u ?

Make polite requests (instead of imperatives)

Could you get u s a c l o t h , please?

Ask for permission (instead of'Is it O K if I...?')

Could I / we change t h e baby s o m e w h e r e ?

Make suggestions (instead o f ' H o w a b o u t

-ing...?')

43
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08
I

GETTING THERE
In this unit, you learn h o w to: Grammar Reading
• talk about w e l l - k n o w n buildings • A r t i c l e s (a, an a n d the) • The Two Travellers and the
and places • Quantifiers with uncountable Farmer
• ask for - a n d give - d i r e c t i o n s nouns
• ask q u e s t i o n s in a m o r e polite w a y Listening
• talk about different w a y s of Vocabulary • Do y o u k n o w if t h i s is t h e
travelling • Places in t o w n right w a y ?
• M e a n s of transport • The travel n e w s

V O C A B U L A R Y Places in town NATIVE SPEAKER ENGLISH

A F i n d e x a m p l e s of e a c h of t h e t h i n g s i n t h e b o x i n t h e subway
picture below. In B r i t i s h E n g l i s h , w h e n y o u w a n t t o go u n d e r a
b u s y r o a d , y o u w a l k t h r o u g h a subway. In A m e r i c a n
a crossing a subway a sports ground E n g l i s h , a subway is a n u n d e r g r o u n d t r a i n or s t a t i o n .
a church a police s t a t i o n a t o w n hall In B r i t a i n , if y o u t a k e o n e o f t h e s e t r a i n s , y o u take the
a crossroads t r a f f i c lights a monument underground or the tube. Traffic lights are o f t e n j u s t
a playground a roundabout a bridge referred t o a s the lights - a n d c r o s s i n g s w i t h black-
a n d - w h i t e s t r i p e s a r e o f t e n called zebra crossings.
B W h i c h of t h e p l a c e s i n t h e b o x a b o v e :
1 c a n y o u turn left at?
2 c a n y o u go over? Work i n pairs. Discuss these questions.
3 c a n y o u take t h e kids to after school? • W h a t are t h e most f a m o u s landmarks and buildings
4 c a n y o u take the third exit on? w h e r e y o u live? Do y o u ever visit t h e m ?
5 c a n y o u go through? • H o w w o u l d y o u give d i r e c t i o n s t o e a c h of t h e s e
6 c a n y o u pray in? f a m o u s places?
7 c a n y o u report a crime at?
8 does t h e local council hold m e e t i n g s in?

44
40
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 DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS
Giving directions

W e often repeat similar phrases w h e n w e give

directions. Keep a record a n d notice t h e prepositions
u s e d . For e x a m p l e .

cross over t h e street - go along t h e river

go past a m o n u m e n t - turn right of t h e crossroads
until you c o m e to a church - go through t h e tunnel
directly opposite t h e t o w n hall

A Complete the directions w i t h the prepositions i n the

box.

at along on opposite
over past to through
LISTENING
You have to cross 1
this big road here.
You a i e g o i n g to h e a r a c o u p l e o n h o l i d a y a s k i n g There's a crossing over there that you can use or you can
several d i f f e r e n t p e o p l e f o r d i r e c t i o n s . go 2
t h e subway, under the road. Then you
go 3
t h e side of t h e park a n d 4

A 9 8.1 L i s t e n a n d a n s w e r t h e s e q u e s t i o n s . a big statue and t h e n you'll c o m e 5

some
1 Where are they trying to get to? traffic [Link] l e f t 6
t h e lights and
2 What three problems do they have? go straight on.. It's 7
your right - directly
3 What directions do they get from: t h e first m a n ? t h e 8
a big bookshop. You can't miss it.
w o m a n ? the second man?
8 D r a w a m a p that illustrates the directions given i n
Choose t h e w o r d s t h a t y o u h e a r d . T h e n l i s t e n a g a i n exercise A. T h e n compare your m a p w i t h a partner.
to check y o u r i d e a s .
1 Do you know t h e road / way to t h e m u s e u m from C W r i t e a s h o r t e m a i l g i v i n g d i r e c t i o n s to y o u r h o m e
here? f r o m o n e of t h e f o l l o w i n g p l a c e s :
2 It's / Is better to get a bus. your school / workplace / nearest train station / bus stop
3 Down this road. Take I Turn t h e second road on t h e
right.
4 What bus did he say / has he said w e should catch? C O N V E R S A T I O N PRACTICE
5 Is this the correct /'right bus stop for t h e m u s e u m ?
6 Do you know where is the museum / where the Y o u are going to role-play conversations b e t w e e n
museum is? a local p e r s o n a n d s o m e o n e w h o doesn't k n o w the
7 Is it near / near to here? area.
8 You got off/ went off at t h e w r o n g stop.
9 Just keep going/go ahead. A Work i n pairs.
10 You can't miss / lose it. Student A: look at t h e m a p in File 4 on page 1 5 6 .
Student B: look at t h e m a p in File 2 0 on page 1 6 0 .
Work i n g r o u p s . D i s c u s s t h e f o l l o w i n g . T a k e t u r n s a s k i n g for directions. Use these
• Have you ever had any problems like t h e ones t h a t structures:
the tourist had? W h e n ? W h a t happened? Excuse me. Doyou know if this is the right way for....?
• Tell a partner about a t i m e you got lost. Excuse me. Doyou know if there's a... near here?
Doyou know where... is?
LANGUAG^PATTERN^^^^^^^^
Write t h e sentences in your l a n g u a g e . Translate
t h e m back into English. C o m p a r e your English t o t h e
original.
D o y o u know t h e way to the m u s e u m from here?
Do you know w h e r e t h e m u s e u m is?
D o y o u know if there's a s w i m m i n g pool near here?
Do you know w h i c h bus I need t o take?
D o y o u know w h e r e we're going?
Do you know w h a t t i m e t h e coach leaves?

08 GETTING THERE 55 45
41
41
 SPEAKING The/ Two- Tkavellery and/ the/ farwm

A Read t h e quotes about travel below. Discuss w i t h a p a r t n e r One-hotafternoon/, a/traveller was- walking-a-loty
w h e t h e r y o u agree w i t h e a c h one or not. E x p l a i n w h y . a/ dusty country road when he- suddenly noticed'
an/ old/ farmer working/ in the/ fields. Keervto-reit
It's better to travel t h a n to arrive.
his- feet, the- traveller stopped/ and (tailed/out to- 1
the- farmer, who- seemed/ happy enough to stop
working- and/ chat for a/ while. The- farmer put
down-his tools, stretched his bach and walked
If you go only once around t h e room, you are w i s e r
slowly over W the side of the- road, where the two-I
t h a n t h e person w h o stands still.
men/ scftdown-together and shared- a- glass of
waterfi
W h e n you travel, it's good to remember that a foreign
country is not designed to make y o u comfortable. It is
designed to make its o w n people comfortable. After!saSme/ brief introductions, the stranger asku
'What kind of people- live in- the- neat town-?'

People travel to faraway places a n d t h e n spend their 'What were the- people like- whereyow've oome-
time w a t c h i n g t h e kind of people they ignore at home! from/?' replied the-farmer, answering/ one auestixn
with another.
Travel makes w i s e people better
and stupid people worse. 'They were a/ bad bunch. They were ail
troublemakers - and- very la-yy too-! They were thb-
most selfish people- in- the- world. I didn't trust am
The main reason w h y people are ofthem/ond/I haveto-say, I'm-gladI'm/leavini^
unhappy is because they are unable
them/ a-U/behlr\d.'
to stay quietly in their o w n room.
'Is that right?' replied the old farmer. 'Well, I'm
afraid- I've got some- bad news for you-. In- the
READING town/you- come- to-, you/'ll find more of the- same/
sort of people.'
Y o u a r e g o i n g to r e a d a f o l k t a l e a b o u t t r a v e l l i n g . T h e l a s t
paragraph is m i s s i n g . Vi-sappointed, the- traveller continued on- his way.
while/ the- farmer returned to his work.
R e a d t h e story. H o w d o y o u t h i n k it w i l l e n d ?
A couple/ of weeks later, another stranger
B N o w read the last p a r a g r a p h i n File 3 o n page 156. D i d y o u appeared, coming- from/ the same- direction'. He
guess correctly? also slowed down- as he walked through the
field-sand-shoutedout tothe-farmer. The-two
C D e c i d e w h i c h of t h e s i x q u o t e s a b o v e b e s t d e s c r i b e s t h e men stopped to- talk and after a- few minutes, tha
m e s s a g e of t h e story. C o m p a r e y o u r i d e a s w i t h a p a r t n e r .
second traveller said, 'Vo you/ mind if I ask what
ki-nd of people-live irv the- nexttown/?'

D W o r k i n p a i r s . D i s c u s s w h i c h f e a t u r e s of t h e s t o r y t h e
adjectives i n t h e box describe. 'What were the- people- like- where yow've come-
from/?' replied the- farmer once- again/.
brief keen glad disappointed
| selfish dusty happy hard-working 'They were the- best people- in the- world. Hard-
working-, honest and friendly. I'm- sorry I'm-
E Complete the sentences w i t h the adjectives f r o m the box leaving- them/ all behind.'
above.
1 I'm not w i t h w h a t I've written. It could be better.
2 I'm that you're OK. I w a s worried about you.
3 My girlfriend's parents said they're very to meet
me. I hope they won't be w h e n they do!
4 I m u s t admit, I'm a lot lazier t h a n my brother. He's really
and serious.
5 I know you're all busy, so let's try to keep this meeting as
as possible.
6 He's so He only ever thinks of himself!
7 The room needs a good clean. It's very

56 OUTCOMES 46
42
42
 G R A M M A R Articles [a, an and the)

Use a / an to introduce s o m e t h i n g Use the w h e n y o u think t h e listener Note t h a t to talk about general
new. k n o w s t h e specific t h i n g , b e c a u s e things or a w h o l e t y p e / group, don't
A traveller w a s w a l k i n g a l o n g a dusty t h e y can s e e or k n o w there's only use a n y article:
country road w h e n he s u d d e n l y one or because it's already been T h e Travel m a k e s t h e wise people
noticed an old farmer... mentioned. better.
... the traveller stopped and called
o u t t o the farmer.

A Complete t h e s e n t e n c e s w i t h a, an or the. B I n 1 - 5 , c r o s s o u t the i n t h e m o r e g e n e r a l s t a t e m e n t s a n d l e a v e

1 We rented small flat near city c e n t r e . it w h e r e it d e s c r i b e s p a r t of a t y p e / g r o u p .
2 We m i s s e d last t r a i n into city, so w e 1 a I drink a lot o f the coffee.
had to get t a x i to our hotel. b I c a n ' t drink the coffee t h e y sell in t h e c a f e r o u n d t h e corner.
3 People in G o t h e n b u r g w e r e really lovely. W e 2 a I really love the dance music.
made f r i e n d s w i t h really nice S w e d i s h b I c a n ' t s t a n d the music m y parents listen to.
couple. 3 a The food m y m u m cooks is t h e best in t h e w o r l d !
4 W h e n y o u get t o Portobello Road, y o u ' l l see b I've n e v e r t r i e d the English food.
three h o u s e s : orange one, blue o n e a n d 4 a I a l w a y s f a l l a s l e e p on the train journeys.
red o n e . W e live in blue o n e . b The train service f r o m m y t o w n t o t h e c a p i t a l is g r e a t .
5 We stayed in lovely hotel w h e n w e w e r e 5 a The money is t h e m o s t i m p o r t a n t t h i n g in life!
in Greece food there w a s a m a z i n g . M o s t b The money people m a k e f r o m m o s t p a r t - t i m e j o b s is a w f u l !
evenings, w e a t e in h o t e l , b u t on last
evening, w e w e n t to really nice r e s t a u r a n t C W h i c h of t h e s e n t e n c e s i n e x e r c i s e B d o y o u a g r e e w i t h ? T e l l a
nearby. partner.
6 A: Is t h i s right w a y t o station?
B: Not really. You n e e d t o go t o end of • N e e d h e l p ? R e a d t h e g r a m m a r r e f e r e n c e o n p a g e 147.
road a n d t u r n left. Keep g o i n g u n t i l y o u g e t t o
set o f t r a f f i c l i g h t s . T u r n r i g h t a t lights
and station's t h e r e .

PRONUNCIATION t h e

The is pronounced /5a/ before a c o n s o n a n t and /6i/ before a v o w e l .

Look at t h e p l a c e s b e l o w . I n p a i r s , d e c i d e w h e r e the i s B * 8 . 2 Listen a n d check y o u r ideas. Practise sa y i n g

p r o n o u n c e d /6a/ a n d w h e r e it i s p r o n o u n c e d /6i/. the places.

the Black Forest t h e Alps the Andes C W o r k i n groups. Discuss these questions.
the G r e a t W a l l the Amazon the Thames • W h e r e a r e t h e p l a c e s in e x e r c i s e A? A r e t h e r e a n y y o u
the M e d i t e r r a n e a n t h e Nile the Pyramids don't know?
t h e Indian O c e a n t h e Eiffel T o w e r the Caribbean • W h a t do y o u k n o w a b o u t e a c h place?
t h e G r e a t B a r r i e r Reef the equator the Arctic • H a v e y o u ever b e e n t o a n y o f t h e m ? W h e n ? W h a t
the Canary Islands the Sahara the Himalayas w e r e t h e y like?

47
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 V O C A B U L A R Y Transport LISTENING

M a t c h 1 - 1 0 w i t h t h e f o r m s of t r a n s p o r t i n t h e Y o u a r e g o i n g to h e a r t h e t r a v e l n e w s i n t h e m i d d l e of a r a d i o
box. p r o g r a m m e . N e x t , t h e y a r e g o i n g to i n t e r v i e w a r o u n d - t h e - w o r l d
sailor called Ellen McArthur.
bike bus coach motorbike taxi
boat car plane foot train A B e f o r e y o u l i s t e n , w o r k i n g r o u p s . T h i n k of a s m a n y r e a s o n s a s
p o s s i b l e f o r t h e f o l l o w i n g to h a p p e n :
1 W e w a l k e d all t h e w a y t h e r e . a f l i g h t is c a n c e l l e d
2 A: H o w m u c h did he charge y o u ? a rail s e r v i c e is d e l a y e d
B: Eleven dollars plus a tip. It w a s n ' t t o o m u c h , a n u n d e r g r o u n d s t a t i o n is c l o s e d
w a s it? o n e l a n e o f a m o t o r w a y is s h u t
3 T h e y s t o p p e d at a service station on t h e t h e r e ' s a t r a f f i c j a m in a city
m o t o r w a y for h a l f a n h o u r a n d let t h e t h e police r e m o v e s o m e c a r s
passengers s t r e t c h t h e i r legs.
4 O u r f l i g h t h a s been delayed, so w e ' r e g o i n g t o B 4>8.3 L i s t e n to t h e n e w s a n d f i n d out h o w m a n y d i f f e r e n t p i e c e s
land in Paris l a t e . T h e y s a i d it'll be 1 0 . 3 0 local of t r a v e l i n f o r m a t i o n t h e r e a r e . H o w m a n y give good t r a v e l
time. news?
5 I cycle t o w o r k . T h e r e ' s a g o o d cycle lane t h a t
goes f r o m m y h o u s e , s o I d o n ' t n e e d t o go on C Listen a g a i n a n d complete the table.
t h e roads.
6 They're p l a n n i n g t o build a high-speed rail Place Problem Cause Solution / advice
line, so t h e j o u r n e y w i l l be a lot s h o r t e r a n d Airport flight's delayed /
a l m o s t a s q u i c k a s by air. cancelled
7 W e had t o drive r o u n d a bit before w e f o u n d
A5i6 lorry c r a s h e d
s o m e w h e r e t o park.
M6 motorway: diversion causing t a k e o t h e r routes
8 You'll go p a s t a r o w o f s h o p s a n d a m o s q u e
junctions 5-6 slow traffic.
a n d y o u need t o get off at t h e n e x t stop. It's in
front of a restaurant. N o r t h e r n Line sections closed repairs

9 W e s p e n t a c o u p l e o f days sailing d o w n t h e closed [none]

c o a s t . It w a s lovely t o be o u t a t s e a .
Wembley no p a r k i n g
10 A: Do y o u need a licence t o ride o n e ?
concert
B: Yes, y o u have t o t a k e a practical test o f y o u r
Central London avoid d r i v i n g
r i d i n g skills, b u t it's q u i t e e a s y - a n d s h o r t e r
t h a n a driving test. D M a t c h the eight verbs w i t h the n o u n s they w e n t w i t h i n
Listening. T h e n l i s t e n a g a i n a n d r e a d t h e a u d i o s c r i p t o n p a g e
W o r k i n p a i r s . T a k e t u r n s to act or d r a w t h e 1 6 9 to c h e c k y o u r a n s w e r s .
w o r d s i n b o l d a b o v e for y o u r p a r t n e r to g u e s s . 1 sail a its load
2 cause b a fallen tree
C T h i n k of p l a c e s y o u h a v e b e e n to u s i n g s i x 3 consult c the area
of t h e d i f f e r e n t f o r m s of t r a n s p o r t . W o r k i n 4 lost d complete chaos
pairs. Have conversation like this: 5 c l e a r up e r o u n d t h e globe
A: We went to X last year. 6 avoid f t h e i r airline's w e b s i t e
B-. Oh really? How did you get there? 7 remove g their strike
A: Well, we drove to Y and then we sailed to the 8 end h the mess
island by boat.
Ji: How long did it take you? -r „ m W o r k i n groups. Tell e a c h other about t w o situations i n exercise
•A: About six houts. • 'V A that y o u have experienced. Explain what happened.

48
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 G R A M M A R Quantifiers with uncountable nouns SPEAKING

We use many, much, a lot of, (a) few, (a) little, some, no and any A Work i n groups. Discuss the questions
before a noun t o s h o w quantity. Many a n d (a) few are only below. Use vocabulary a n d g r a m m a r from
used w i t h plural countable n o u n s . these pages.
Many flights are being delayed. • W h a t ' s t h e t r a f f i c like w h e r e y o u live? Is
Only a few planes c a n f l y over F r a n c e . there m u c h pollution? Could t h e situation
be i m p r o v e d - h o w ?
Much and (a) little are only used w i t h uncountable n o u n s . • W h a t ' s t h e p a r k i n g like w h e r e y o u live? Is
It doesn't s o u n d like much fun. it e a s y t o park in t h e t o w n c e n t r e ? Does it
There's little hope o f a d e a l y e t . cost a n y t h i n g ?
• A r e t h e r e p l a n s for a n y h i g h - s p e e d rail lines
Don't use no or some, few or (a) little after a negative - use w h e r e y o u live? D o y o u t h i n k they're a good
any, much or many. idea? W h y ? / W h y not?
There aren't any more problems on t h e A 6 now. • Are t h e r e a n y a r e a s w h e r e y o u live w h e r e
There's no parking in or a r o u n d t h e s t a d i u m . c a r s are b a n n e d ? D o y o u a g r e e w i t h t h e
A d e m o n s t r a t i o n is likely t o c a u s e some traffic problems. policy? W h y ? / W h y not?
Not much good news, I'm a f r a i d . Is p u b l i c t r a n s p o r t reliable w h e r e y o u are?
H o w c o u l d it be better?
We use any in positive sentences t o m e a n 'it's not i m p o r t a n t W h a t a r e t a x i s like w h e r e y o u live? D o y o u
which one or h o w little because it's true for all.' ever t a k e t h e m ? D o y o u give drivers tips?
If you have any questions f o r her, r i n g 9837-3737. Is it s a f e t o w a l k , cycle or ride a m o t o r b i k e
Police w i l l r e m o v e any cars p a r k e d in t h e a r e a . in y o u r t o w n ? W h y ? / W h y not?
Are t h e r e a n y kinds o f t r a n s p o r t y o u ' v e
A Choose t h e correct w o r d . n e v e r u s e d ? W h y not?
1 There aren't no / any b u s e s t o d a y b e c a u s e o f a strike. H a v e y o u ever h a d a n y p r o b l e m s t a k i n g a

2 There's n o t much / many t r a f f i c today. It's u s u a l l y busier. p l a n e or t r a i n ? W h a t h a p p e n e d ?

3 People s h o u l d n ' t drink some / any a l c o h o l a t all if t h e y ' r e g o i n g

to drive.
4 I've been s a i l i n g a few / little times.
5 I k n o w t a x i d r i v e r s h a v e a b a d r e p u t a t i o n , b u t very few / little
are a c t u a l l y d i s h o n e s t .
6 T h e g o v e r n m e n t ' s m a d e very little /few progress in r e d u c i n g
pollution f r o m t r a n s p o r t .
7 Too much / many g o o d s a r e t r a n s p o r t e d by lorry.
8 There's s o much / many bad n e w s o n T V t h a t I've s t o p p e d
w a t c h i n g it.
9 There are some / any cycle l a n e s w h e r e I live, b u t n o t much /
many.
10 To get t o t h e city c e n t r e , y o u c a n t a k e many / any b u s f r o m t h e
stop n e a r m y h o u s e . T h e y all go t h e r e .

I n p a i r s , y o u a r e g o i n g to c o m p e t e to ' w i n ' e a c h of t h e
sentences b e l o w . S p e n d f i v e m i n u t e s w r i t i n g a s m a n y e n d i n g s
for e a c h s e n t e n c e a s y o u c a n . T r y t o m a k e t h e e n d i n g s t r u e ,
but i f y o u c a n ' t , i n v e n t t h e m .
ve got a lot o f
haven't g o t m u c h
haven't g o t m a n y
haven't g o t a n y
don't like / k n o w a n y .
like a n y

F i n d out w h o ' w i n s ' e a c h s e n t e n c e b y s e e i n g w h o h a s t h e m o s t

endings. I f y o u don't believe s o m e t h i n g i s true, a s k questions
to f i n d out i f y o u r p a r t n e r i s l y i n g .

• Need help? Read t h e g r a m m a r reference on page 1 4 7 .

08 GETTING THERE 59 49
45
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01 FAMILY A N D FRIENDS
QUESTION FORMATION Exercise 1
Rewrite the sentences using the words i n brackets.
Tense Auxiliary Subject Verb Present simple
Present Do you like it here? 1 A: ? (where / she / work)
simple Does she work? B: In a cafe in the centre of town.
Do they live near here? 2 A: ? (you / like/football)
Do you both work here? B: Yeah. I'm a teeds fan. Who do you support?
Past simple Did you call Mike? Past simple
Paula speak to you? 3 A: Sorry, ? (what / you / say)
they get home OK? B: I said'Do you want a cup of coffee?'
Present Are you coming with us? 4 A: ? (he / have a nice time)
continuous Is he driving here? B: Yes, he really enjoyed it.
Are they staying? Present continuous
Present Have you had lunch? 5 A: ? (what / he / studying)
perfect Has she decided yet? B: Civil Engineering.
Have they met her before? 6 A: ? (you / looking for
Modal Can 1 help you? something)
verbs Could you pass the salt? B: Yeah, I can't find my book. Did I leave it here?
Would they move, please? Present perfect
7 A: ? (you / been to the States).
With the verb be, we add adjectives, adverbs, nouns. B: Yeah, once. I went to New York a few years ago.
8 A: ? (how long / they / been
be Subject Adj, adv or noun married)
Present Are you ready? B: 20 or 21 years.
Is it easy to do?
Is she your teacher? Exercise 2
Are they here now? Complete the questions w i t h how or what + a word i n
Past Were you late? the box.
Was it busy in town?
Were there many people? far film kinds long
many old questions way
Question words
With question words, the same patterns as above 1 A is your gran?
follow. 83.
How did you get here? 2 A of things do you do at the weekend?
Who did she go with? I always play tennis on Saturdays. Apart from that,
Where are they staying? I go to the cinema, watch TV ... nothing much.
How long have you been here? 3 A: did you see in the end?
B: Forever. It's a romance. My wife wanted to see it.
How and what 4 A: have you lived here?
How + adjective or adverb B: About six months.
How old is he? 5 A: did they ask in the exam?
How far is it from here? B: How old are you?; Where do you live?; things like
What + noun that.
What kind of films do you like? 6 A is the best to get there?
What time did you get home? It's a bit difficult to explain. I'll draw you a map.
7 A do you have to travel to get to work?
Prepositions and questions It's 50 minutes by train and then a ten-minute walk.
Prepositions usually go at the end of the question. 8 A students are there in your class?
Who did you stay with? Not With who ...? There are 12 of us, I think.
What are you listening to? To what...?
What are you worried about? About what...? Exercise 3
Where's shefrom originally? from where...? Put the words i n brackets i n the correct place.
1 what are you talking? (about)
2 you seen that new Kate Winslet film? (have)
3 where you get your book? (did)
4 who did you go? (with)
5 what are you listening on your iPod? (to)

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 GRAMMAR REFERENCE

THE PRESENT SIMPLE SIMILARITIES AND CONTRASTS

Use the present simple to talk about facts, habits and To show two people have positive things i n common
regular activities. use both. Use neither w h e n they have negatives i n
common.
Remember that the verb be is irregular. The verb be is Both (of) my parents are quite religious.
followed by adjectives or nouns. I don't see them often because they're both working.
I'm a student. It's really cold in here. We eat out a lot because neither of us like cooking.
Are you OK? We're flatmates.
She isn't here today. They're not Japanese! Don't use both or neither before a negative:
Doth my kids can't swim. = Neither of my kids can swim.
With other verbs (apart from can and have), add - s Neither of us don't like it. = Neither of us like it.
when talking about he I she I it and make questions
and negatives using do I does. We often use either after a negative to show there are
I see my grandparents once or twice a month. two.
You don't sound French. I don't get on very well with either of my neighbours.
How often does she come here?
We're twins, but we don't look very similar. To talk about more than two, use all for positive
They both wear glasses. things i n common and none of or no-one for
Do your parents like your new boyfriend? negatives.
We're also all very messy in our family.
We often use adverbials of frequency w i t h the present None of us are good at cleaning or putting things away.
simple to explain how often we do things. Many No-one in my family likes sport.
adverbs go between the subject and the m a i n verb.
We always meet in the same place. Don't use all or none w i t h a negative verb or other
/ usually order the same meal. negative word:
We often go shopping together. All of us don't smoke. = None of us smoke.
He's so lazy! He never does any exercise! I Ic never met none of them. = He never met any of
them.
When we use the adverbs above w i t h be, they appear
after the verb! We often use any after a negative.
It's always quite cold here in the winter. He had five exams and he didn't pass any of them.
I'm never home before seven in the evening.
We show a contrast by using whereas or but and it's
Look at this w a y of using adverbs i n negative sentences: often followed by a n auxiliary -be I do I have, etc.
/ don't like this kind of music very much. My dad's quite religious, whereas my mum isn't.
We don't see each other very often. Neither of my parents speaks English, but I do.

The adverbials below usually go at the end of a Exercise 1

sentence. Complete the sentences with one word.
I email her every day. 1 I've got two brothers and a sister and we're
I go swimming twice a week. doctors.
I visit my mum two or three times a month. 2 I see my two grans a lot because they
He goes abroad on business once or twice a year. live nearby.
3 My girlfriend and I often play tennis together.
Exercise 1 of us are very good, but we enjoy it
Find six mistakes and correct them. a ny way.
1 Does your sister married? 4 Although they're twins, they're quite
2 Does your brother have any kids? different.
3 He doesn't work any more. He's retired. 5 People in the south are generally quite wealthy,
4 Why you still live at home? the north is quite poor.
5 My brother and I go always to watch the football on 6 We saw several flats, but we didn't like
Saturday. of them.
6 My sister's quite shy. She don't have many friends. 7 I didn't know of my grandparents. They
7 Do you get on OK with your uncle? died before I was born.
8 My brother work for my father's company. 8 There are a couple of bars in our road but I never go
9 I eat fast food once twice a week. to of them.
10 He's never late. He always arrives early.

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 —

GRAMMAR REFERENC
I
02 SHOPS

THE PAST SIMPLE COMPARATIVES

To make verbs i n the past simple, we usually add
- e d . When verbs end i n - e , we just add -d. Note the Adverbs a n d adjectives
spelling w i t h some verbs. Add -er to words of one syllable.
They wanted to get there early. Two-syllable words ending i n - y change to -ier.
Sorry. / used all the paper. Use more w i t h two- or three-syllable words.
/ tried to tell him. {-ied often added to verbs ending in -y) Some two-syllable words can take either - e r or more.
It stopped raining briefly, (double consonant when a It's a bit quieter / more quiet now.
verb ends in a vowel + consonant)
We often use more w i t h pairs of adjectives linked
Use did I didn't + verb to form questions and w i t h and.
negatives. I'd like to be more fit and healthy.
Did you get anything nice?
Sorry. / didn't hear what you said. To compare things i n the same sentence, use than.
Costsave is much cheaper than the other supermarkets.
Avoid repeating the past tense by using only did or
didn't. To say there's a big difference, use much or a lot.
A: Did you speak to him about changing class? To say there's a small difference, use a bit.
B: Yes, / did and he said it was fine. It's a lot more expensive here than in Brazil.
They thought the film was really good, but / didn't. I'm a bit taller than my brother - maybe 2 centimetres.

Use the past simple to talk about completed events Negative comparisons
in the past. Time expressions are often used w i t h the Make negative comparisons using less or not as.
past simple. Don't use less w i t h adjectives of one syllable.
/ went there last week. I never go to Booths. I shop at Costsave. It's less / not as
Did you go out yesterday? expensive. Of course, the quality is less good / isn't as
I was there//Ve minutes ago, but / didn't see him. good there.

Use the past simple to talk about past states or To compare two things i n the same sentence, use less
habits. ... than a n d not as... as.
We went to France every year for our summer holidays. I don't usually finish as late as this. I normally finish at
He lived in Indonesia when he was younger. six.

Exercise 1 Their selection of clothes is less varied than at Harrods.

Correct the mistake i n each sentence.
1 I go there yesterday. Exercise 1
2 Sorry. What do you say? Can you repeat it? Complete 1-7 using the words i n brackets to make a
3 I wanted to buy a coat, but I didn't saw anything nice. comparative.
4 I love your earrings. Where you did get them? 1 Shall we take the underground? It'll be
5 They living in France when they were kids. (quick)
6 I have to admit, I cryed at the end of the film. 2 No, let's take the bus. It's a bit -
7 She telled me not to say anything, so I didn't. especially on a nice day like today, (pleasant)
8 He complained and I do too, but it didn't make any 3 I'll call you later when I'm (busy)
difference. 4 A: What time shall we leave? Eight? Eight thirty?
9 I breaked a glass and cut my finger. B: I think you'd be to leave a bit
10 It started to rain five minutes after we leaved the The traffic is before seven
house. thirty, (wise, early, heavy)
11 Why wasn't you in class yesterday? 5 I speak English and French. I guess my English is
12 Where did you went last night? My French isn't bad -just
my English, (fluent, good)
6 My dad's my mum when it comes to
bedtimes, so he'll let me stay up (strict
/late)
7 I wouldn't say I'm my brother - he's
very bright. I'm just a bit and study
(intelligent, determined, hard)

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PASSIVES Exercise 1
Write the past participles of the verbs below.
Form blow ... hit sell
The passive is formed w i t h be + a past participle. break ... keep show
We also sometimes use get instead of be. bring ... leave steal
build ... lend take
The past simple passive buy ... pay teach
My bag was stolen when I went shopping. catch ... put throw
The goods got damaged in the post. find ... run wake
Was anyone injured in the crash? gave ... see write
They didn't come because they weren't invited.
Exercise 2
The present simple passive Rewrite each sentences using a passive. The first one
Most of their clothes are made in India. is done for you.
I'm often confused with my sister. We look very similar. 1 They told me I couldn't take my bag into the shop.
/ was told I couldn't take my bag into the shop.
Other tenses 2 They caught him stealing some perfume.
Passives are used i n most tenses. 3 They send me junk emails all the time.
IVe been asked to help organise, (the present perfect) 4 They knocked down the building over two years ago.
The washing machine will be delivered on Friday, {will) 5 They usually make it with lamb, but you can use beef.
Selling pirate DVDs should be stopped, {should) 6 They broke into my house last night.
7 They introduced a new tax on luxury goods last year.
You w i l l look at these tenses more i n later units. 8 They've built a huge shopping centre nearby.

Adverbs Exercise 3
Adverbs usually go between be and the past Complete 1-5 by adding one verb i n the active form
participle. and one i n the passive.
This dish is usually served with rice. 1 teach
I wasn't badly hurt when I fell - just a few small cuts. a My mum me to always say'Please'.
b I to always say'Please'.
Use 2 leave
We usually use the passive: a My granddad me his car when he
1 when we don't know who or what did / does the died.
action we want to talk about b Apparently, she a fortune when her
2 when it's simply not important who did / does the dad died.
action. 3 show
a We round this morning, so we won't
We sometimes include the doer of the action i n get lost.
passive sentences w i t h by after the verb. b We'll be fine. Tom us how everything
Her wedding dress was designed by John Paul Gaultier. works.
We're encouraged by our teacher to read in English. 4 wake up
a I at three by some noise outside.
We sometimes avoid passive sentences by using they b I've been in a rush all morning because I
- especially for organisations / government. late.
They've introduced a new law against chewing gum. 5 give
(= A new law has been introduced...) a My gran me some socks for my
birthday.
The verbs below don't take a n object i n the active b It to me as a leaving present.
and can't be used i n the passive. Verbs like these are
often marked w i t h a n [I] i n dictionaries, meaning Exercise 4
'intransitive'. Find the four mistakes and correct them.
1 The Internet didn't exist when I was at university.
appear behave come disappear 2 How was the accident happened?
exist go happen last 3 A dog was suddenly appeared in front of me.
progress rise seem sleep 4 Fortunately, none of us badly was hurt.
5 Prices in the shops have risen a lot recently.
It is happened happens to me all the time. 6 Those batteries weren't lasted very long.
His English has been progressed a lot.

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03 EAT

THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE Exercise 1

The present perfect simple is formed using have I has A Make present perfect questions from the notes.
+ the past participle. It shows something happened 1 you / be / here before?
before now at an unspecified time i n the past. 2 you / ever / eat / snake?
I think IVe seen The Fantastic Fourten times now. 3 you / try / that new restaurant round the corner?
She's travelled a lot. She's been to most countries in Europe. 4 Dave / speak / to you about tonight yet?
5 you two / be introduced?
Negatives are formed w i t h not or never. 6 how long / she / live / there?
I haven't ever read anything by Jose Sara mango.
He's never been abroad. B Match the answers to the questions.
a Yeah, I had it once when I was in Hong Kong.
Questions are formed like this: b Yeah, we've met before actually.
Has she arrived yet? c Yeah, I came on holiday here a few years ago.
What countries have you been to? d No, but I've had my phone switched off.
e About six years now.
Passives i n the present perfect are formed w i t h have / f No, but I'd like to go there. It looks nice.
has been.
The restaurant has been closed down because it has rats! Exercise 2
Choose the correct tense.
Use have I haven't, etc. to avoid repeating the whole 1 A: Shall we go to that Thai place on Grove Lane?
verb. B: I've never been /1 didn't go there. What's it like?
I haven't been to that restaurant, but Javi has (been there). 2 A: Have you gone out / Did you go out yesterday?
A: Have you talked to Karen recently? B: No, I just stayed in.
B: / haven't (talked to her). Have you (talked to her)? 3 A: Haveyou had / Did you have anything to eat?
B: Yes thanks. I've made /1 made myself a sandwich
Use before I left home.
The present perfect is often used to begin a 4 A: I went to Italy last summer.
conversation about a n experience. We often use ever i n B: Really? What part haveyou been / did you go to?
questions to ask about a life experience. We use never to A: Umbria.
mean 'not i n my life'. We use the present perfect to talk B: Oh yeah, lovely. We've been / We went to Italy quite a
about the number of times before the present. few times now. It's a fantastic country - great food.
A: Have you ever tried horse meat? A: Yes, we've had / we had a great time.
B: No, never (= I've never tried it). I don't like the idea of it.
Exercise 3
A: Haveyou visited Belgium before? Complete each pair of sentences w i t h the verbs i n bold.
B: Yes, I've been here several times, actually. Use the present perfect i n one sentence and the past
simple i n the other.
Present perfect actions often have a present result. 1 lose
I haven't eaten anything all day, so I'm really hungry. a I my mobile two weeks ago, so I'm in a
He's gone to the shops. (= He's not here now.) mess! It had all my contacts on it.
b My brother his mobile about 15 times.
Use yet to ask about events you're expecting to happen, 2 visit
and not yet to show you still plan / expect to do it. a you the Taj Mahal when
A: Have you spoken to Jensyet? you were in India?
B: Not yet, but I'm going to see him later. b you the Taj Mahal yet?
3 try
Use the present perfect simple w i t h some verbs to talk a I never coffee. I don't like
about duration of events that are still not finished now. the smell.
A: How long haveyou lived here? b I got these jeans on holiday, but I not
B: Not long. We moved here in February. them on before I bought them.
4 see
Don't use the present perfect w i t h time phrases that a you ever that film
show something happened at a specific time. Use the Babette's Feast? It's on tonight,
past simple. b you the news last night?
/ lave you gone out Did you go out last night? I was on it!
We've had We had dinner there the other day.
I've spoken I spoke to him two minutes ago.
We have never eaten out We never ate out when I was a kid.

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TOO / NOT ... ENOUGH OFFERS, REQUESTS, PERMISSION, SUGGESTIONS

too would, could, shall

Use too + adjective / adverb to explain why we don't like Use would, could and shall to add meaning to
something or to talk about problems. other verbs. They are often used w h e n you want to
I need to lose weight. I'm getting too big for my jeans. offer, request, ask for permission, suggest or show
The service wasn't very good. We had to wait too long. politeness. Would, could and shall are modal verbs
and form questions i n the same way as each other.
Don't use too for positive feelings. Use really I a lot.
I loved the curry. It was -tee really spicy! modal pronoun verb phrase
I like it too much a lot. It's my favourite restaurant. Would you like me to order?
Could I have another knife?
Don't use too + noun. Use too many + countable n o u n Shall we go?
(people, cars, etc.); too much + uncountable n o u n (sugar,
traffic, etc.). Replies to these questions don't usually use the
There are too many bars and cafes round there. modal verb.
I don't like the food they [Link] use too much salt.
Would
not... enough We use would you like instead of do you want - and
Use not + adjective / adverb + enough w h e n you need would you mind instead of do you mind - to sound
more. more polite. Note some typical replies.
It's not hot enough to have an ice-cream! Would you like me to sit there? (Do you want me to ...?)
We had to wait because we didn't get there early enough. Yeah, thanks / Ifyou don't mind / No, it's OK / I'm fine.
Would you mind dosing the window? (Do you mind ...?)
Use not enough + noun. Note: enough goes after a n Of course not / I'll do it now / Actually, I'd rather...
adverb, but before a n adjective.
They said / didn't have enough experience to get the job. Could
Use could to make polite requests (and avoid
to + verb imperatives). Could I /we is also used to ask for
to + verb after too I not enough shows what you can't / permission. Note the typical replies.
don't do - i.e. the negative result. Could you bring me another glass? (Bring me ...)
It's too hot to drink. (Don't drink it.) Of course / Sure / I'll do it now / I'm afraid I can't.
They didn't have enough people to serve everyone. Could I / we change tables? (Is it OK if I...?)
Of course / Sure / Go ahead / Actually, I'd rather...
Exercise 1
Complete the sentences w i t h ONE word i n each space. Shall
1 I didn't speak to him. We were sitting far We use shall I /we to make a suggestion or to start
apart. a discussion about what to do. Note some typical
2 I love that cheese. It's strong. replies.
3 I know you said it wasn't spicy, but it actually wasn't Shall we get a set menu?
mild for my taste. Fine / Why not? / I'd prefer to... / How about...instead?
4 There really were too people there, and Shall we stay here or do you want to go somewhere
it just got so noisy I had a headache by the end of the else?
evening.
5 I didn't feel good after dinner. I ate too Let's (stay here) /1 don't mind / I'd rather (go)...

6 He has an unhealthy diet. He eats too fast Exercise 1

food. Use would, could or shall and the words i n brackets
7 I didn't understand her. She was talking to rewrite 1-8 as questions w i t h the same meaning.
fast. 1 Do you want more of anything? (like)
8 It would be nice to be able to eat in the kitchen but 2 Is it OK if I close the window? (I)
there's not enough room put a table and 3 How about going for a Thai meal? (we)
chairs. 4 Pour me some water, (you)
5 Is it OK if we wait till our friend arrives? (we)
6 Do you want me to hang your coat up? (me)
7 Do you want me to pay with my card? (I)
8 Turn down the air conditioning, (mind)

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0 4 JOBS

PLANS AND WISHES FOR THE FUTURE

PRESENT CONTINUOUS AND PRESENT SIMPLE Use be going to + verb to talk about personal plans
Form the present continuous w i t h be + -ing. / intentions for the future - things that are already
Can't you see I'm working? decided.
He's chatting online, (double letters with short verbs) I'm just going to apply for lots of jobs and see what
They're using my car while I'm away, (remove final -e) happens.
Are you going to book a table for tonight?
Negatives
I'm not working at the moment. Use would like to + verb or be hoping to + verb to
talk about things that you want to do - or want to
He's unemployed, but he isn't / he's not looking for a job. happen - i n the future. Be hoping to suggests there is
already a reason for your hope.
Questions I'd like to work in the media - maybe as a journalist.
Where are you going? She's hoping to save enough money to buy a new car.

What's the government doing to sort out the problem? Use be planning to + verb w h e n you have already
thought carefully about something i n the future -
Passive and have a plan.
My car's being repaired at the moment. My brother is planning to get married next year.
Use the present continuous w h e n you see a n action We're not planning to open any more shops this year.
as temporary and / or unfinished. It is often used
with at the moment. Use be thinking of+ -ing to talk about possible
Listen, I can't speak now. I'm driving. I'll ring you back. future plans that are not yet certain or fully decided.
Unemployment is going up at the moment. It is often used w i t h maybe.
Use the present simple w h e n the verb describes I'm thinking of maybe doing a French course next year.
something generally true, a habit or a permanent Where are you thinking of applying?
state. It is often used w i t h adverbs such as usually,
generally, normally, often, sometimes, never, etc. Exercise 1
Where doyou work, then? (= always) Write full sentences using the ideas below.
/ usually visit Paris once or twice a month. (= habit) 1 What / you hoping / learn on this course?
2 Next year, we / planning / open a factory in China.
These verbs are generally used i n the present simple 3 I really / not like / work night shifts!
- even to describe unfinished or temporary states. 4 Where / you thinking / moving to?
agree believe belong depend hate 5 Who / going / organise the launch party?
know like need owe own 6 We / hoping / develop a new anti-cancer drug.
seem sound suppose taste want 7 What kind of work / you / like to do / the future?
8 He / thinking / applying to do some voluntary work.
Exercise 1 9 I / not planning / start work immediately. I / hoping /
Complete the pairs of sentences w i t h the verbs i n go travelling for a while first.
bold - one i n the present simple and one i n the 10 When / you / going / realise that your boss / never /
present continuous. going / change?
1 do
a I'm very busy because we the end-of- Exercise 2
year accounts, Match the sentences 1-5 w i t h the follow-up
b We most of our business in the comments a-e.
States, so a strong euro is bad for us. 1 I'm really interested in languages.
2 run 2 We're planning to start a family next year.
a They a hotel. They've had it for 30 3 I'm doing my Master's at the moment.
years. 4 I'd like to run my own business.
b I the shop while my boss is away. 5 I'm planning to work part-time while I study.
3 try
a As a good businessman, I always to a I'm hoping to do a PhD next.
meet my customers' demands, b I'm thinking of going part-time after the baby is born,
b He to get a job in TV, but it's hard! c My parents aren't going to pay for me to study any
4 wait more!
a I've had the interview. I to hear if I d I'd like to do Russian and Arabic at university,
got it. e I'm planning to open a restaurant.
b All good things come to those that

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THE PAST CONTINUOUS AND PAST SIMPLE Exercise 1

Form the past continuous w i t h was / were + -ing. If the Complete the sentences w i t h the past continuous
verb ends w i t h a consonant + -e, remove the - e before form of the verbs i n brackets.
adding -ing. 1 Yrais went home early because she very
well, (not / feel)
We were both working for BMI when we met. 2 I can't believe they did that! What they
? (think)
Negatives 3 Where you when this
/ wasn't feeling very well, so I went home. photo was taken? (live)
He wasn't doing well at work, so they fired him. 4 I left my old job because I just it any
Questions more, (not / enjoy)
Where were you living at that time? 5 We (have) a meeting at work yesterday
Were you dating Diane then or did that start later? when the fire alarm suddenly started ringing.
6 I wasn't very impressed with their sales presentation.
We use the past continuous to show an action or event They anything new or different, (not /
was unfinished - and continuing - w h e n another offer)
action happened. Verbs i n the past continuous and 7 It for hours yesterday. It was great!
simple are often linked together using and, when or (snow)
while. The past continuous is also often used to give the 8 I was in Portugal last week. I a paper at
background situation to a story. a conference there, (present)
It was late and / was driving back home from the office. It
was raining and / wasn't feeling very well. Suddenly, a dog Exercise 2
ran in front of my car. / tried to stop, but I couldn't. Complete the stories by putting the verbs i n brackets
into the past continuous or past simple.
We can also use the past continuous on its o w n to 1 A few years ago, 1 (go) to Singapore to
1

emphasise that a n action continued for some time. visit some [Link] (offer) to let
2

/ was studying until two in the morning last night. me stay in their flat, but 1 (decide) to
3

You were making a lot of noise! What were you doing? stay in a hotel instead. One day, 1 (have) 4

Sorry. What was that? / wasn't listening. breakfast in the hotel restaurant when suddenly
Jackie Chan 5
(walk) in and 6

The following verbs are not generally used i n the past (sit) down next to me. I couldn't believe it!
continuous. 2 I 1
(do) something really stupid
agree believe belong depend hate last month. 1 (write) an essay for
2

know like need owe own college and 1 (start) to feel tired, so I
3

seem sound suppose taste want 4

(go) to the kitchen and 5

(make) a cup of coffee. 1 (put) the

6

When one action happens after another, use the coffee next to my computer and (start)
7

past simple. Also use the past simple to talk about working [Link] the phone (ring)
8

completed events i n the past. We often use a time and 1 9

(jump) up to answer it - and
expression w i t h the past simple.
10
(spill) coffee all over my computer! It's
/ tried to make a good impression at the interview, but going to cost a fortune to repair it.
failed\ 3 I first 1
(meet) my girlfriend three years
They arrested him last week, but his lawyer negotiated his ago. We 2
both (work) part-
release. time in a big department store in Brno. None of us
He worked in Japan/or ten years and then he moved to who worked there 3
(like) our boss and
Korea. a group of us often (go) out after work
4

for a drink and chat - and to complain about work!

One day, we 5
(sit) and talking and our
eyes 6
(meet) - and I j u s t 7

(know) that she was the one for me! I t 8

(take) a while before we starting going out together,

though, but we've been together for two and a half
years now and it's still going well.

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05 RELAX

MIGHT, T H E P R E S E N T C O N T I N U O U S , BE GOING TO SUPERLATIVES

+ VERB To make superlatives, add -est to adjectives or adverbs
Use might to talk about possible plans i n the future of one syllable. Two-syllable words ending i n - y change
that are not yet definite - things that maybe w i l l to -iest. Use most w i t h most other two- or three-syllable
happen. Might is not usually used i n questions. Instead, words.
we often use be thinking of. I'm the youngest ofTour brothers.
I might come out with you tonight. / might not. I'm not The easiest way to get there is actually by bus.
sure. Moscow is one of the most expensive cities in the world.
Where might you go?
Where are you thinking of going? For some short adjectives - big, fit, sad, etc. - double the
final consonant w h e n you add -est. Some two-syllable
Use the present continuous to talk about future words can take either -est or most.
arrangements w i t h other people - usually i n the near Wimbledon is probably the biggest competition in tennis.
future. Two o'clock is our quietest / most quiet time of the day.
A: What 're you doing tonight?
B: I'm meeting a friend at six for a drink. What about you? Superlatives usually start w i t h the, but sometimes we
A: I'm having dinner with my boyfriend's parents! use my, his, etc. With general statements, you don't
need the, my, his, etc.
Use be going to + verb to talk about personal plans / My best time for running a kilometre is four minutes 20.
intentions for the future - things that you have already I usually work (the) best in the mornings.
decided to do.
I'm not going to do anything tonight. I'm just going to stay Superlatives + the present perfect
at home and sleep instead! Superlatives often go w i t h the present perfect.
It's the best book I've (ever) read in my life.
Exercise 1 I think this is the fittest I've ever been.
Complete the sentences w i t h the correct form of the He's the most successful striker who's ever played for us.
verbs i n the box. That's the most exciting match I've seen in a long time.

j do get have (x2) hire The least

meet see play (x2) watch You can use the (or sometimes my, his, etc.) least before
an adjective to show that they are bottom of the group
1 A: What you later? of things being compared.
B: We Gary and Sam at the cinema, I'm the least competitive person I know!
if you'd like to come. It's not a cheap hotel, but it's the least expensive in the
A: Yeah, that sounds good. What are you going area.
?

B: Juniper Love - the one that won the Oscar. Exercise 1

2 A: We're thinking of a party to celebrate Correct the mistake i n each sentence.
finishing school. 1 I think it's the most bad film I've ever seen.
B: That's a good idea. Are you thinking of 2 It's freezing outside so wear your most thick coat.
it at your house? 3 My mum's probably most generous person I know.
A: I don't know. We might a room 4 We're busyest in the afternoons, so ring in the morning.
somewhere. It depends how expensive it is. 5 Ironing is my worst favourite job.
3 A: Simon and Matt told me to tell you they 6 That must be the sadest thing I've ever heard!
tennis tomorrow, if you're interested. 7 Honestly, it's the disgustingest thing you'll ever see.
B: What time are they going ? 8 Deano's has the widdest selection of clothes in town.
4 A: We're going the Madrid-Malaga match
in a bar in town. Exercise 2
B: OK. What time are you going there? Write sentences w i t h a superlative + the present
A: Quite early, so we can get a seat. Seven? perfect.
it / long time / he / be / away from home.
It's the longest time he's been away from home.
1 he / nice person /1 / ever meet.
2 it / exciting race /1 / take part in.
3 that computer / reliable / we / ever have.
4 this / complicated game /1 / ever play.
5 it / funny book /1 / read / in a long time.
6 that / smart /1 / ever see you look.

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06 HOME

HAVE TO, DON'T HAVE TO, CAN WILL / WON'T

Use have to + verb to talk about things you feel are Will / won't + verb is mainly used to make
essential or necessary to do. immediate responses to situations or to things
/ have to walk about ten minutes to get to the train people say. For example:
station. To say decisions made at the moment of speaking
Do you have to do much housework? /'// have the roast chicken, please.
My brother has to help my dad run the family business. / won't eat now. /'// wait till later.
Have to is also used to talk about rules.
We have to pay a month's deposit before we can move To offer to do something
in. /'// open the door for you.

If you don't have to do something, it means it is not To promise to do something

essential or necessary, but you can do it if you really Thanks for that. /'// pay you back next week.
want to. Thanks for your help. / won't forget it.
/ don't have to do any housework, but I like to do the
cooking. We also use will to talk about things we see as facts
It's Sunday tomorrow, so / don't have to get up early! i n the future, things we feel sure w i l l happen.
It's OK for her! She doesn't have to work evenings! The sofa will be delivered next Monday.
It's a nice coat. It'll keep you warm in the winter.
Use can w h e n it is possible to do something. The
negative form is can't. Remember that w h e n we talk about definite
I live near the river. You can walk along there. It's nice. personal plans for the future - decisions about the
Can we stay with you when we come to Berlin? future we have already made - we use going to +
/ can't help you, I'm afraid. verb. W h e n we talk about future arrangements w i t h
other people, we use the present continuous.
Exercise 1
Correct the mistake i n each sentence. Exercise 1
1 We have to telling our landlord three months in Complete the sentences by adding '11 or won't.
advance if we want to move out. 1 I have to go to the doctor's tomorrow, so I
2 My sister cans stay with my uncle whenever she be at the meeting in the morning.
visits the capital. 2 It's my turn to pay. I get this.
3 My friend Juan have to find a new place to live. 3 You believe who I saw today!
4 You doesn't have to do it if you don't want to. 4 Shall we take the bus into town? It be
5 If you want, I can to drive you home. cheaper - and it take as long as driving.
6 I'd love to get my own place, but I don't can afford it. 5 I don't think it be very expensive. It
certainly cost more than 100 euros.
Exercise 2 6 I need to get good results in my exams. Otherwise, I
Match the sentences 1-6 w i t h the best follow-up get into the university I want to go to.
comments a-f. 7 Ask Kenny to lend you some money. I'm sure he
1 You don't have to come to the party if you don't want mind.
to. 8 We eat at about nine, if that's OK with
2 We have to study English for five years at school. you.
3 We can do Mandarin, Arabic or Spanish too if we
want. Exercise 2
4 I have to work six days a week. Choose the correct form.
5 I can work from home two days a week if I want to. 1 I can't meet you tonight. A friend of mine will come I
6 All the bills are included in the rent. is coming to my house for dinner.
2 Don't worry. The dog won't bite I isn't biting.
a I'm not happy about it, but what can I do! 3 A: What're you doing I What will you do tonight?
b It's one of the big advantages of my job. B: Nothing. I'm just going to I I'll just go home and
c It's your choice. have an early night.
d It's one of the compulsory subjects, 4 Our oldest son is getting I will get married next
e They're all optional. month.
f We don't have to worry about how much gas we use. 5 That looks hard. /'// help I I'm helping you, if you want.
6 A: I need to send some letters sometime today.
B: /'// go I I'm going into town later, so /'// post I I'm
going to post them for you, if you want.

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•
0 8 GETTING THERE

ARTICLES QUANTIFIERS AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

We use many, much, a lot of, (a) few, (a) little, some,
a, an and the hardly any, no, any, etc. before a noun to show
We use a (or an if the following word starts w i t h a quantity.
vowel) the first time we talk about something.
We stayed in an old hotel in a small town near Naples. Many and (a) few are only used w i t h plural
countable nouns.
Use the w h e n you think the listener knows the specific children feet fish people sheep
thing because:
it's already been mentioned Much and (a) little are only used w i t h uncountable
The town was nice, but I didn't like the hotel. nouns.
water liquid bread cheese
you share knowledge w i t h them work traffic chaos anger
I'm just going to the shops. news information advice help
progress accommodation luggage traffic
there is only one of the thing present
Can you turn the light on? A lot of, some, hardly any and no can be used with
both countable and uncountable nouns.
a clause or prepositional phrase makes it clear
The dance music that they played at the party was terrible. Don't use no or some, (a) few, hardly any or (a) little
after a negative. Instead, use any, much or many.
only one exists (names of seas, rivers, theatres etc.) I don't have some any brothers and sisters.
the Atlantic Ocean the Red Sea the Seine We didn't take hardly any much luggage with us.
the Hilton the Globe the Pyrenees
We often use much, many, (a) few and (a) little w i t h
We do NOT use the or a to talk about things: so and too.
in general or the whole of a type / group We bought so many things we couldn't carry them all.
The life can be strange sometimes. There are too few trains running.
I listen to the dance music a lot.
A lot of/Lots of is more commonly used w i t h
i n certain prepositional phrases positive sentences i n spoken English. Many and
I'm going to work. He's at university. much are more common i n formal written English.
There were a lot of/ lots of people at the party.
with continents, countries, cities, and some other place Many people believe that car use should be limited.
names
Asia Tanzania Cuba Use any i n positive sentences to mean 'it's not
Oxford Street Mount Fuji Lake Como important w h i c h one or how little'.
I'd be grateful for any help.
Exercise 1
Correct the mistakes i n the sentences below. We generally use any i n questions, but some is often
1 We hired a boat and sailed down River Nile. used as w e l l - especially w h e n offering people
2 I usually come to school by the train. things.
3 Our friends have the lovely cottage in the Black Forest.
4 I'm meeting one friend of mine later. Would you like any / some coffee?
5 One day I'd love to try and climb the Mount Everest.
6 My father is pilot, so he's away from home a lot. Exercise 1
7 The happiness is more important than money. Complete the sentences w i t h ONE word i n each gap.
8 I don't like the eggs. I don't know why. I just don't. 1 It doesn't cost money to take a taxi
here.
Exercise 2 2 I fainted because I'd eaten so food.
Put a, an, the or nothing i n each gap. 3 There aren't things to do there.
1 ... food in Laos was quite strange. Most days, we had ... 4 There was so noise in the room that I
spicy noodles for... breakfast - sometimes with ... egg couldn't hear what anyone was saying.
on top. 5 He can't give information yet - only
2 I'm from ... Quito -... capital of... Ecuador. the date of the course. He needs to speak to a
3 ... life always seems better when ... sun is out! people first.
4 ... hotel we were in had ... great view of... sea. 6 There's a of anger about the train strike.
5 Did ... police find ... guy who stole your luggage? 7 anyone cycles here. It's too dangerous.

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14 THINGS

RELATIVE CLAUSES MUST/MUSTN'T

We use relative clauses to add information after nouns. Must shows something essential because of natural
The relative clause usually comes immediately after or legal laws, because of an order or because you
the thing / person / place it describes. Relative clauses personally think it's essential. You can also use have
usually begin w i t h a relative pronoun. We use that I to i n all these cases.
which for things, that I who for people and where for The doctor said / must lose some weight.
places. / must go or I'll miss my train.

When the relative pronoun is the subject of the verb i n Mustn't shows it is essential not to do something.
the relative clause, you don't need to add he, she, it, etc. You mustn't eat in the library at all.
A science-fiction film is a film which / that ft is set in space
and which / that ft is usually set in the future too. You can't use don't have to here. Don't have to means
The Boredoms are a group from Japan who / that they that it's not necessary to do something.
have released about ten albums.
We often prefer can't or be not allowed to for rules.
When the relative pronoun is the object of the verb i n You can't / You're not allowed to eat in the library.
relative clauses, you don't need to add him, it, there, etc.
The woman who I spoke to her was the manager. If you (I, etc.) must shows we understand someone
That's the place where I used to work there. else feels it's essential to do something, but we don't
agree.
Note that i n these relative clauses we don't always use Ifyou must smoke, go outside.
a relative pronoun at all. If they must wait here, tell them to be quiet.
The woman I spoke to was the manager.
Must for commenting
Exercise 1 It's very common to use must (be) to comment on
Complete the sentences w i t h who, which or where. things. It means I think {you are / it is / he is, etc.).
1 That's the woman lives upstairs from me. He must be really happy to have a holiday.
2 It's one thing just really annoys me. A: I've been travelling all day.
3 That's the shop I bought my shoes. B: You must be tired.
4 He's the guy owns the whole factory.
5 English is the subject I enjoy most. Exercise 1
6 That's the room you get your lunch. Complete the sentences w i t h must or mustn't.
1 I rush. I'm late for class.
Exercise 2 2 I can't talk now. I finish this work.
loin the pairs of sentences using a relative clause. 3 You worry. Everything will be OK.
1 Sertab Erener is a Turkish singer. She won the Eurovision 4 We remember to pay the gas bill.
Song Contest in 2003. 5 My parents told me I be back by ten.
6 The teacher said we be late.
2 Storaplan is a very trendy area. There are lots of nice 7 I can do the shopping, if I really
shops and restaurants there. 8 A: I've been waiting for over an hour.
B: You be really fed up.
3 Sue Briggs was an English teacher. She persuaded me to
go to university. Exercise 2
Use the words i n bold to rewrite the sentences so
4 A campsite is a place. You stay there when you go they have a similar meaning.
camping. 1 People must pay tax for throwing rubbish away, have
People for throwing
5 Shostakovich was a Russian composer. He wrote some rubbish away.
amazing pieces of music. 2 You mustn't leave rubbish bags on the street,
allowed
6 Istanbul is a city. Europe and Asia meet there. You rubbish bags on the
street.
7 What do you call those machines? They do the washing- 3 I must remember to call him. forget
up for you. I call him.
4 I imagine you're very excited about going away, must
8 I need to buy one of those things. You wear it round You about going away.
your waist and keep your money in it.

GRAMMAR REFERENCE 153

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