Title: Sound waves B

1. What B show?
2. What does a show?
3. What are the two types of wave? T………… and L………………
4. Water wave – transverse or longitdunal?
5. Sound wave – transverse of longitudinal?
6. Which wave has a higher frequency?
A
B

Learning objectives
By the end of this lesson I will be able to:
• Explain that sound how sound waves travel
• Understand how the ear detects sound
• Recap wave properties from last lesson
Section 1 Waves recap

Recap of last lesson

Last lesson we learnt about the two types of wave:
Transverse Longitudinal
 Basic Wave Properties
Transverse waves have peaks and troughs

Wavelength
Wavelength is the distance from a point of one wave to the
same point on the next wave. It is measured in metres.
 Amplitude
Amplitude (A) is half the height of a wave – measured in
metres.

Longitudinal waves
Longitudinal waves have compressions and rarefactions
 Task 1: Complete the worksheet about transverse and longitudinal
waves and mark with the answers

Section 2 Sound waves

 Sound is caused by vibrations
Air particles

3) These vibrations
1) An object makes a 2) The vibrations pass 4) The ear then
are picked up by the
sound by vibrating through the air by making sends a
ear
air particles vibrate (but message to the
sound can also travel brain
through solids and liquids)

Task 2: Copy and complete

Sound is caused by __________. When an object

vibrates it causes the air ________ around it to
shake _______ and ________. These vibrating
particles knock into _________ particles, passing
the vibration on at the same _________
Words: particles, forwards, adjacent, frequency, backwards,
vibrations
Task 3 Complete practical

Section 3 Sound and the ear

 How does the ear work?
Watch this video about how the ear works:
www.youtube.com/watch?
v=HMXoHKwWmU8

How does the ear work?

1. Sound waves 6.The auditory nerve
are collected takes the signals
by the outer to the brain.
ear (or
pinna).

2. The waves
travel along
the ear canal.

5. The cochlea
3. The waves reach 4. The small bones turns these
the eardrum and (ossicles) amplify into
make it vibrate. the vibrations. electrical
signals.
Task 4: Complete the worksheet about the ear and
mark it with the answer sheet

Task 5: Put these sentences in the correct order to

explain how the ear works

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
 Explain in detail how you can hear to your
friend next to you talking to you

• How does sound travel?

• What happens with the particles?
• What type of wave is it?
• What happens in the ear?
• What happens in the brain?
 A
Revision
1. What does A show?
2. Water wave – transverse or longitudinal?
3. Sound waves – transverse or longitudinal?
4. What are the two types of wave? T………… and L………………
5. If something has a low pitch, will its frequency be high or low?
6. Name three parts of the electromagnetic spectrum
7. What do we call sound which is too high pitched for humans to
hear?

Learning objectives
By the end of this lesson I will have
• Revised the waves unit
• Completed the keystone
 Unit summary

Types of wave
These animations show the two types of wave:
Transverse Longitudinal
 Transverse vs. Longitudinal waves
V
Transverse waves are when
ib
the vibration is at right ra
angles to the direction the ti
wave is moving (e.g water o
waves) n
Direction

Vibration
Longitudinal waves are
when the vibration is
parallel to the direction of
the wave is moving (e.g.
Direction sound waves)

Basic Wave Properties

Transverse waves have peaks and troughs
 Wavelength
Wavelength is the distance from a point of one wave to the
same point on the next wave. It is measured in metres.

Wavelength
Wavelength is the distance from a point of one wave to the
same point on the next wave. It is measured in metres.
 Amplitude
Amplitude (A) is half the height of a wave – measured in
metres.

Longitudinal waves
Longitudinal waves have compressions and rarefactions
 Frequency and Amplitude

You will need to turn both of the dials at the top to 1

Amplitude
•Amplitude is how far the particles are vibrating
•This affects the volume of a sound (how loud or quiet it is)
 Frequency
•Frequency is how many times the particles vibrate per second
•This affects the pitch of a sound (how high or low it is)
 Sound is caused by vibrations
Air particles

3) These vibrations
1) An object makes a 2) The vibrations pass 4) The ear then
are picked up by the
sound by vibrating through the air by making sends a
ear
air particles vibrate (but message to the
sound can also travel brain
through solids and liquids)

How does the ear work?

 Sound in Solids, Liquids and Gases
Do you think sound travels best through solids, liquids or gases?

Spectrum of Sound
Infrasound Range of human hearing Ultrasound

20Hz 20,000Hz
 Frequency Wavelength
Radio Waves 104 Hz 1000 m

• Used to transmit radio and TV programmes (TV uses higher

frequencies)
• Can bend round hills and also reflect off upper atmosphere and so able
to travel long distances
• Digital radio (DAB) uses higher frequencies than AM of FM

Frequency Wavelength
Microwaves 108 Hz 0.01 m

• Microwaves are the correct frequency to cause water molecules to

vibrate, so they are used to heat food.
• They are also used for communication (e.g. mobile phones)
 Frequency Wavelength
Infrared Radiation 1012 Hz 0.0001 m

• Infrared radiation is a form of heat. It transfers heat from place

to place, and heats up objects it touches.
• The hotter an object is, the more infrared radiation it gives out.
As it gets hotter, visible light is also emitted (e.g. red hot
object).
• Uses for infrared include remote control, heating and night
vision cameras

Frequency Wavelength
Visible Light 1015 Hz 0.0000001 m

• Very small part of the EM spectrum (400 to

700 nm wavelength) between IR and UV
• Visible light is made up of seven colours
(the rainbow)
• Have wavelengths which the specialised
cells in our eyes can pick up. The brain
then converts to them to colours.
• Used in optical microscopes
 Frequency Wavelength
Ultraviolet light 1016 Hz 10-8 m

• Used in ink to detect forgery, e.g. bank notes

• They are also used in energy-efficient light bulbs
• Produced by the sun and causes sunburn when
our skin has too much contact with UV, and
causes skin cancer in more extreme cases
• For this reason it is also used in tanning beds
• We can block UV by using suncream, as this
video shows

Frequency Wavelength
X-rays 1018 Hz 10-10 m

• X-rays are used by doctors to make medical images

• They are also used in airport security
• X-rays can be harmful in large quantities. If a
person gets too many X-rays, they may be at greater
risk of cell mutation or cancer.
 Frequency Wavelength
Gamma rays 1020 Hz 10-12 m

• Gamma rays are an ionising radiation which means that they can
change the DNA in body cells causing cell mutation and cancer.
• In small doses, it is used in radiotherapy to help treat cancer by killing
the cancerous cells
• Gamma rays are also used to sterilise food and
medical instruments, as it kills bacteria cells.

Revision activities
Make a mind map covering the whole topic
Transverse and
Longitudinal Sound waves and
waves ultrasound

Waves
Properties of waves
(frequency,
wavelength, pitch….
Electromagnetic
Spectrum

Complete revision sheet

Complete exam questions

Complete keystone
 Title: EM Spectrum A

1. What does A show?

2. What are the two types of wave? T………… and L………………
3. Water wave – transverse or longitudinal?
4. If something has a high pitch, will its frequency be high or low?
5. If something is loud, will it have a high or low amplitude
6. Which wave has a lower frequency?
A
B

Learning objectives
By the end of this lesson I will be able to:
• Know that light is a type of electromagnetic radiation
• Memorise the order of the electromagnetic spectrum
• Know the uses of different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum
 Electromagnetic Specturm
Basics

What types of radiation does the sun give out?

 Spectrum of Sound
Last lesson we looked at the spectrum of sound – a longitudinal wave.

Infrasound Range of human hearing Ultrasound

20Hz 20,000Hz

Light (which is a transverse wave) also has a spectrum of different

frequencies – watch this video which introduces today’s lesson:

Spectrum of Light
Light (which is a transverse wave) also has a spectrum of different
frequencies. Watch this video which introduces today’s lesson:
www.youtube.com/watch?v=O0PawPSdk28
 Electromagnetic Spectrum
Visible Light is just a small part of the whole electromagnetic spectrum

Light is an Electromagnetic Wave

Key Properties of Electromagnetic (EM) waves
•They are transverse waves
•Travel at the speed of light (3x108 m/s)
•Can travel through a vacuum
 Electromagnetic Spectrum Song
Increasing frequency (Hz) and energy

104 108 1012 1015 1016 1018 1020

103 10-2 10-5 5 x 10-7 10-8 10-10 10-12

Increasing wavelength (m)

Normal version:
youtube.com/watch?
v=bjOGNVH3D4Y
Choir version:
youtube.com/watch?v=0iRWz4NJUzA

Draw a spectrum in your book and label with

the missing words.

Increasing _________ (Hz) and _______ Missing

______
X-Rays
words:
________ ______
• Wavelength
• Visible Light
______
______
Infra-red Ultra ______ • Violet
_______ ______ rays
• Frequency
Increasing __________ (m) • Radio Waves
• Radiation
• Energy
Answers

Increasing frequency (Hz) and energy

Visible
Microwaves X-Rays
Light

Radio Infra-red Ultra Gamma

Waves Radiation Violet rays

Increasing wavelength (m)

Visible light, Infra Red and

UV
 The range of visible light
• Humans can see light with a wavelength of 400nm (violet) to 700nm (red)
• EM radiation with wavelengths shorter than violet are called ultraviolet
• EM radiation with wavelengths longer than red are called infrared

Infrared Radiation
• Infrared Radiation is a type of heat. The hotter an object is the more infra-red
radiation it gives off (really hot objects can even give off visible light)
• This means it can be used in
night-vision cameras
• It is also used in heaters
• It is also used in TV remote
controls

• https://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=R-o6e57AEGo
 Check point
1. What effect does infrared radiation have on us?
2. Name two devices which use infra-red radiation
3. As the temperature of the object increases, what happens to the
intensity of infrared radiation given off by the object?
4. Explain why things glow ‘red-hot’

Task: Answers
1. What effect does infrared radiation have on us? It heats us up
2. Name two devices which use infra-red radiation. TV remote control,
heater
3. As the temperature of the object increases, what happens to the intensity
of infrared radiation given off by the object? As the temperature increases,
the amount of infrared radiation given off increases.
4. Explain why things glow ‘red-hot’. As the temperature increases even
more, visible light is given off, making the object appear red.
Task 3: Read the passage about ultraviolet light and
answer the questions at the bottom

Uses of EM waves
Uses of different types of radiation
• You’ve looked at the uses of 2 types of electromagnetic radiation
• Now we will look at the whole spectrum
• Read through the next 7
slides and watch the
videos about each type.
You will then be asked
to fill in a table.
• The last 3 are
dangerous, and you
need to know why

EM spectrum videos
• Microwaves: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vGhJy3E9hfg
• UV: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FyH-b_LDlSY
• Gamma: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pe6AKh_tLys
 Frequency Wavelength
Radio Waves 104 Hz 1000 m

• Used to transmit radio and TV programmes (TV uses higher

frequencies)
• Can bend round hills and also reflect off upper atmosphere and so able
to travel long distances
• Digital radio (DAB) uses higher frequencies than AM of FM

Frequency Wavelength
Microwaves 108 Hz 0.01 m

• Microwaves are the correct frequency to cause water molecules to

vibrate, so they are used to heat food.
• They are also used for communication (e.g. mobile phones)
 Frequency Wavelength
Infrared Radiation 1012 Hz 0.0001 m

• Infrared radiation is a form of heat. It transfers heat from place

to place, and heats up objects it touches.
• The hotter an object is, the more infrared radiation it gives out.
As it gets hotter, visible light is also emitted (e.g. red hot
object).
• Uses for infrared include remote control, heating and night
vision cameras

Frequency Wavelength
Visible Light 1015 Hz 0.0000001 m

• Very small part of the EM spectrum (400 to

700 nm wavelength) between IR and UV
• Visible light is made up of seven colours
(the rainbow)
• Have wavelengths which the specialised
cells in our eyes can pick up. The brain
then converts to them to colours.
• Used in optical microscopes
 Frequency Wavelength
Ultraviolet light 1016 Hz 10-8 m

• Used in ink to detect forgery, e.g. bank notes

• They are also used in energy-efficient light bulbs
• Produced by the sun and causes sunburn when
our skin has too much contact with UV, and
causes skin cancer in more extreme cases
• For this reason it is also used in tanning beds
• We can block UV by using suncream, as this
video shows

Frequency Wavelength
X-rays 1018 Hz 10-10 m

• X-rays are used by doctors to make medical images

• They are also used in airport security
• X-rays can be harmful in large quantities. If a
person gets too many X-rays, they may be at greater
risk of cell mutation or cancer.
 Frequency Wavelength
Gamma rays 1020 Hz 10-12 m

• Gamma rays are an ionising radiation which means that they can
change the DNA in body cells causing cell mutation and cancer.
• In small doses, it is used in radiotherapy to help treat cancer by killing
the cancerous cells
• Gamma rays are also used to sterilise food and
medical instruments, as it kills bacteria cells.

Info hunt
Use the sheets spread around the room to fill in the sheet
Complete revision quiz
 Spectrum of Sound
1. What instrument produces a higher pitched sound – a violin or a
drum?
2. Which waves shows a sound from a violin and which one from a
A
drum B

3. Which produces a louder sound – a student whispering or a student

shouting?
4.
B which one shows the
AWhich one shows the student whispering,
student shouting?

5. Pitch depends on the ……….? What word goes in this gap?

Learning objectives
By the end of this lesson I will be able to:
• Understand there is a spectrum of different frequencies of sound
• Know the range of human hearing
• Explain different uses of ultrasound
Section 1 Waves recap

Amplitude
•Amplitude is how far the particles are vibrating
•This affects the volume of a sound (how loud or quiet it is)
 Frequency
•Frequency is how many times the particles vibrate per second
•This affects the pitch of a sound (how high or low it is)

Which of these could you hear and why?

Bat echolocation
Dog whistle
Ambulance siren

Humans can only hear sounds between 20Hz and 20,000Hz

 Human hearing
• Humans can only hear sounds between 20Hz and
20,000Hz
• Older people lose the ability to hear high
frequencies
• Temporary hearing loss may be caused by ear
infections and colds, after which hearing recovers.

Task: Complete the worksheet and mark with the answer

sheet. For question 3 you need to plot a graph with a ruler
and pencil.
Section 2 Spectrum of sound

Spectrum of Sound
Infrasound Range of human hearing Ultrasound

20Hz 20,000Hz
 Infrasound
Sound below the range of human hearing (below 20Hz) are
called infrasound.
• Earthquakes create vibrations at the
infrasound level
• Elephants also use infrasound to
communicate over long distances:
youtube.com/watch?v=uQfDazQ9Rkg

Ultrasound
Sounds above the range of human hearing (above 20,000Hz)
are called ultrasound.
Ultrasound has many uses:
• Ultrasound scans
• Animal communication
• Ultrasonic cleaning
• SONAR
• Industrial Tests
• And more!
 Ultrasound and infrasound

•Humans can hear sound waves with frequencies

between 20Hz and 20,000Hz
•Sound waves with higher frequencies than 20,000 Hz
are called ultrasound
•Sound waves with frequencies lower than 20Hz are
called infrasound

Section 3: Investigating frequency

Task: find the frequency of oscillation and see
how this depends the mass
Equipment:
• Clamp stand, boss, clamp
• Spring
• X5 100g masses and holder
• Meter rule
• Stopwatch

• What do you expect to happen

and why?
• Draw a labelled diagram of the
set up and write a hypothesis
 • Pull mass
down by 2cm
• Time how
long for 10
full
oscillations

Instructions

1. Set up equipment
2. Pull mass down by 2cm, release,
start timer
3. Count 10 full oscillations, stop
timer
4. Add more masses (up to 5)
5. Complete table as you go
Task: To do

1. Plot a graph
• Number of masses on the x axis
• Frequency on the y axis
2. Draw a line of best fit

Precise
Your repeats are close together

Action Force (N)

Repeat 1 Repeat 2 Repeat 3 Average
Opening a 10.4 10.6 10.3
door
Pulling out a 5.4 2.3 5.5
drawer
Accurate and precise

Reproducible
•This means that another group gets similar results
•There is no right or wrong answer, you have to make a
judgement
Random error
•Basically this is human error. You’re not getting
anything wrong, it’s just that you’re not perfect

Systematic error
This affects the accuracy and is a problem with your
equipment or method.
The only way to remove a systematic error is to change
your equipment or method.
 Questions
1. What trend is shown on your graph?
2. Explain if your results are precise
3. Look at another groups results, are your results reproducible?
4. What are some of the sources of random error in your results

Section 4 Uses of ultrasound

 Ultrasonic Cleaning
How could ultrasound clean something?

Oh no! Look at my new watch! It’s all

dirty!!
How can I get it clean?

What has happened here?

Ultrasonic Cleaning
Ultrasonic cleaners use
frequencies in the 20 to
40kHz range to clean
delicate equipment or
jewellery.
The technique causes the
tiny particles of dirt on the
objects being cleaned to
vibrate and shake loose.
 Ultrasound Scans
In order to see unborn babies an
ultrasound wave with a frequency
between 2 and 10 MHz is produced
and transmitted into the mother.
The wave is partially reflected when
it meets a boundary between two
different media.
These reflections are collected and
interpreted as a picture on a screen.

Industrial Tests
The same frequency of between 2 and 10 Mhz is also
used to perform non destructive tests (NDT’s) on
metal casings and pipes.
 Animal Communication
Dogs, bats and mice can hear
ultrasound (frequencies above 20,000
Hz). Animals also have other uses for
ultrasound:
youtube.com/watch?v=p08Y0oRAX3g

SONAR (Sound Navigation and Ranging)

Dolphins, bats and submarines use
ultrasound frequencies to
communicate and navigate. An
ultrasound pulse is made and
depending on how quickly it comes
back you can work out how far away
you are.
Use the internet to research Ultrasound.
Create a poster or leaflet describing Ultrasound and its uses.
Success criteria are below:

• Clearly presented and colourful.

• Includes diagrams and pictures as well as written information.
• Explains clearly what ultrasound is.
• Gives at least 3 uses of ultrasound – including its use for cleaning
things. (Extra points given for covering other uses)
• Explains how each of these uses works.
• Identify at least one negative effect of ultrasound
• Evaluates each use of ultrasound – what are the alternatives, should it
be used instead of these alternatives?
Sound waves A

1. What does A show?

2. What are the two types of wave? T………… and L………………
3. Water wave – transverse or longitudinal?
4. Light wave – transverse or longitudinal?
5. Sound wave – transverse of longitudinal?
6. Which wave has a lower frequency?
A
B

Learning objectives
By the end of this lesson I will be able to:
• Understand how frequency and amplitude affect sound
• Calculate the speed of sound
• Explain the differences in the speed of sound in different materials
 Section 1 Pitch and Volume

Demonstration: Rubens Tube

 What kind of wave is a sound wave?

Sound waves are longitudinal waves made of vibrating

particles, which have compressions and rarefactions.

Frequency and Amplitude

https://www.physics-chemistry-interactive-
flash-
animation.com/electricity_electromagnetis
m_interactive/oscilloscope_description_tut
orial_sounds_frequency_flash.htm

You will need to turn both of the dials at the top to 1

 Amplitude
•Amplitude is how far the particles are vibrating
•This affects the volume of a sound (how loud or quiet it is)

Frequency
•Frequency is how many times the particles vibrate per second
•This affects the pitch of a sound (how high or low it is)
 Task 1: Complete the sentences and draw and
label the sounds
Pitch is controlled by the _________ of the wave
Volume is controlled by the _________ of the wave

Draw and label the following sounds:

1. Loud, low pitched sound
2. Loud, high pitched sound
3. Quiet, low pitched sound
4. Quiet, high pitched sound

Task 2: Complete the question sheet and mark it

with the answer sheet
Section 2: Speed of sound

The Speed of Sound

•The speed of sound in air is about 340m/s
•This is very fast, but not the fastest thing in the world…

Usain Bolt has a top The speed of light is

Some planes travel 300,000,000 m/s. This
speed of 13m/s faster than 340m/s, is the fastest thing in
creating a sonic boom the universe
 The Speed of Sound
•We can calculate the speed of sound by using the fact that we can see
far away events before we hear them (you’ve probably noticed this at
fireworks displays).
•For example, let’s say you see a firework explode 680 metres away,
and the sound takes 2 seconds to reach you.

Task 3: Speed of sound

Video Distance from Time to hear Speed of Sound
camera event after (m/s)
(metres) seeing it Do distance ÷ time
(seconds)
1 – Volcano eruption 4100
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=BUREX8aFbMs
2 – World’s largest firework 1000
1. Loud, low sound
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=WYZl5zUlFSc
2. Loud, high sound
3 – Lightning 2300
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
3. Quiet, low sound
v=U82IEwYdtZA

4. Quiet, high sound

4 – TNT explosion
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
2000

v=KC7zdZ00eZ4
 Task 3: An example set of answers

Video Distance from Time to hear Speed of Sound

camera event after seeing (m/s)
(metres) it (seconds) Do distance ÷ time
1 – Volcano eruption 4100 12
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BUREX8aFbMs
2 – World’s largest firework 1000 3
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WYZl5zUlFSc
3 – Lightning 2300 7
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U82IEwYdtZA
4 – TNT explosion 2000 6
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KC7zdZ00eZ4

Section 3:Sound in solids, liquids and

gases
 Sound in Solids, Liquids and Gases
Do you think sound travels best through solids, liquids or gases?

Sound in Solids, Liquids and Gases

•Sound travels most quickly through
solids, this is because the particles
are closer together, so the
vibrations pass between particles
more quickly
•Sound can’t travel through

a vacuum (like space) as

there are no particles to

vibrate
Task: Complete the question sheet and mark it
with the answer sheet
Waves 04/04/2025

1) How many types of wave can you think of?

2) What do you think makes a sound high or low pitched?
2) What do you think makes a sound loud or quiet?
3) How would you describe a wave?

Learning objectives
By the end of this lesson I will be able to:
•Explain what transverse and longitudinal waves are
•Understand different wave properties
•Label longitudinal and transverse waves
What is a wave?
 Waves
A wave is a vibration which transmits energy but not matter.
The ‘stuff’ that the wave travels through is called the
medium. (e.g. air, water, metal)

How many types of wave can

you think of?
What is the medium?
Sound waves
Light is a wave!
• Light (Electromagnetic) waves do not need a medium to travel through.
• They can transmit energy across vast distances.
• Examples include radio waves, microwaves, X-rays (more on these later!)

Slinky demo
 Types of wave
Waves can be either:

Transverse or Longitudinal

Transverse vs. Longitudinal waves

V
Transverse waves are when
ib
the vibration is at right ra
angles to the direction the ti
wave is moving (e.g water o
waves) n
Direction

Vibration
Longitudinal waves are
when the vibration is
parallel to the direction of
the wave is moving (e.g.
Direction sound waves)
 Wave properties

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CVsdXKO9xlk

Wave Properties
Waves have peaks (a.k.a crests) and troughs
 Wavelength
Wavelength (λ) is the distance between the same points on
adjacent (neighbouring) waves. It is measured in metres.

Amplitude
Amplitude (A) is the maximum displacement of the wave from its middle.
 Longitudinal waves
Longitudinal waves have compressions (squash)
and rarefactions (stretch)

Draw the two waves below and label them with the
words on the left
Transverse Wave
Label a:
• Wavelength
• Amplitude
• Peak/Crest
• Trough

Longitudinal Wave
Label a:
Wavelength
Compression
Rarefaction
 Task 1: Answers
Peak/Crest
Transverse Wave
Amplitude (A)

Wavelength (λ)
Trough

Longitudinal Compression Rarefaction

Wave

Wavelength (λ)

Frequency and
period
 Frequency
Frequency is how many waves pass a point per second. It is
measured in Hertz (Hz).
1 Hz = 1 wave per second.

High and low frequency

• The frequency of a sound wave affects its pitch.
• The frequency of a light wave affects its energy.
1. Write out and join these up
Property Unit Definition
Frequency Hz Time for one wave to pass

Number of waves per

Period s second
2. Which one has the highest frequency? A
B

3. Which one has the lowest frequency? C

D

Phet!
 Measuring wave
speed

Variables

Independent variable The variable I

change to see what
happens
The variable that I
Dependent
measure
variable
The factors that are
Control variable kept the same in the
experiment
 Accuracy vs Precision
• If something is accurate it is close to the true
value

• If something is precise, the results are clustered or

close together

Complete worksheet. Question 5 is tricky!

Extension: research and explain in your own words what a sonic boom is.