nonogen,onserie.

"
Snorganic chemistry.

Itis the
first
element
of modern peridic table.

Atomic no - I

HAM -> (no. protons

of
Mane no.- I
(I proton +
onution)
(no of proton-neutrons
It
* is most abundant elementin the universe. (Stars)
f,
n + H2

⑭ 42.

Li 132. B c N 0 F Ne

Al Si P. cl
Mg
Na S Ar.

n
1, It
suggests
thatitshould be in
kept
group
+

Hydrogen has resemblance alkali metals

to which can.

electron uniponitive ions.

love one
form
to

form uninegative
Can also electron
hyorogen. gain to

species 40. -> shows

It properties ofUdogen's

Like allsalmetal
hydrogen form oxides, halides
&sulphides.
420
IX%
Naz0. H

21X - >
- >
->
-

way? all: 1X I#
 has
Myorogen quiet high somination
enthalpy& do not

power metallic character, under normal conditions.

XIEL Li 520K5/m0/
=

DIELF =
1680k5/ mol.

xIE1t =
1312k5/mo). %
It's in
IE more resemble to IE Floorine.
of
(H2)
Like
*
Halogen's
elements,
it
form
diatomic molecule combine.

with
form hydrides.
to

F2/c2, /Br2.

Dhanogen (H2)
-

- -

- >

Atmosphere 0015%
by mans.
-

In earth crust-1504%
by mans
& oceans.

eof Myorogen.
.

has three isotopes.

Hydrogen
INH -D / IH 3+124
Profium. Deuterium. Tritium.
 ↑protion. &U 3.H
⑳
-
-

-> -> .

-> ->

-> ->
-> .

#=⑥

nt H
I

a -
- --n - c C
=
(no bond Resonance)
↓
I
↓ ↓ shows
H.
(hydrogen better

hypen conciogation)
I
*Jotopes.
configuration.
have name dectronic hence

have similar chemical properties.

# Shotopes have
differentphysical properties.

of preparation:
ods
-

Audio
is

Rwith to
metal evolve
hydrogen as
Fe +
12SOy. ->Feson M2.
+

H(l
zn -> zncz H2.
+ +

zn + H2 soy. - > .
Ensoy +
H2.
 Lu 12sOy
+ ->NRXR
- - 1

Allalies
with
zn NaOH
+
->
NazZnOz +12)4)
Sodium zincate.

/Al + NaoU ->NaAlOz + 302

sodium meta aluminate

-

Sh. Noon
+
-> Nazsnoz +H2. -

sodium stannate
Ph+Naon->NazPb0s +12.

sodium plumbate
Be NaOH
+
->
N9zBeOz +H2.

berylliate
sodium

orgi Aimpoinitive
complain

2428
negative.
Electricity
->
242
↑.
⑤
02.
+

cathode mode.

④ high obtained
on
(<99095%). is
purity. He

me
oxide

8/epstoying warm on
as en

⑤Cantuer-Kellene cell/Chlon-Alkali process

preparation of an

Electrolysin of mine (Mace).

 Fi--- Enoe-
- >

-
#
(x
-

+ 22

= .
+ 447 42+
-

-
-
⑳

-
X
standing
-
-

120 n1 +
== ⑥

#athodee -

-> Ma. *
n1
EM2) X10
7
-

e
+ -

2.720 22 12+
-

204
+
- -

all
Rxn
Anode
Electloysis. - thode
M2.

2M20-anasion
2Nase (12. +
+

NaT
-

+ (l
* ~

⑥
of hydrocarbonssteamon

1270K. (n 1).
+

nC0 +H2.
Cn12 2. +
+

4020
1270.
342.
(nu 120
+

)(0 +

CO2 is called
mixture
of.
water
A or
gas.
This mixture in used in
synthesis of methanol &
& in called
many
other
hydrocarbons also as
syngal.
synthetic gas.
 syngas from coal is
The process for producing
causedgasification
one (0 u2
+

is mixed with twicethe volume

of steam
Water
got
&
panned over amixture 2.
ferric
oxide.

chromium oxided heated

of6731.
to

12 + 10 +420 ->Fe203/C1203(02 202.

+

smp
shift
rxy
- water gas
⑨

⑦Rx
with
steam reson
.

⑧ with
H20
-

F2 120 F22037
M2.
+ +

ofDihydrogen
xper ties
in odourless
#
Dihydrogen colourian, & tastelan
gas.
which isinvoluble in water

7. cryogenicid.
259020.
freezing point
xt Its -

point 252°.
Boiling
-

*r-M. bond 4361;/n0/.

n-n
* bond length.
energy 74PM.
mical
properties: -

=
-

-
-
-
- > -

# ④ -
-

- - x

him.02, 420.0U =-285.9kor e

RHalogen

+2 xz
+ +

2nx(X F,(0,Br, I). =

*with Flourine Man occurs even in dark.

*sodine
with.
requires
it
catalyst.

supphur
with
H2 5 -H2S.(9).
+

Hydrogen iolphide-Rotten
sell.
eggs

with
a Rxnin
by
favoured.
342 +

N2.ERZ00atm zates. high comp

high premune
<U =
=
92.6k5 catalyst
N = N.
/mol
 pule
Ryn with.
-
Metals.
Fa
⑤
(iH. I- Covalent.
Li +

12 ->

NaH.) sonic
Na p2 ->
-
+

->n
-

H2. - >BeHt.
-> lovalent
Be +

#pides
Agent-
-ing.
itcan
greataffinityfor oxygen
He has so reduce.

oxides reactive elements.

of home low

(N(s) 3.420.
103.
-.
+

H2
+

2M +
Mnoy k2.
yU20.
->
+

extraction
property is metallinglyfor
This used in

Tungsten & Molybdenum.

of Mot 3003 + 4420.
(aHy)2MoOY. Ue ->

organiccompound.
2xn with

Hydrogenation.
itic.
I, CHz cH3.
(B2 142 +P2
-
=

PO Alicane
Alkene -

N;
0.
11
-

④
-

C
-

I
cz. ⑪
=

⑤
- >

- -
- >

R - cn -> R-CUz5(4272 -4
Aldehyde.
2.
- >

10
+ +

R -

CH2CH2 OUER, R-CUCU

d. Alcohol.
Dihydrogen
-

-
-

- > -

- .

- >

=
-

shel
of Myorogen
Protions. Deuterion Tirtiv2.

2 3
Is
E.C. in Is/ 14 (41s)

%Abundance. 99.984%0. 0.016%. 1515%..

↓ ↓ ↓
12. 12 T2

↑IP 13.96K. 18073K. 20.62K.

BP. 20039K 23067K. 25k.

Bond length. 74pa 74/M.

T-T> D-D>n-H.
stability according BE
to
 rides
#Jonic. I saline
saltlike hydrides.
#Metallic / Interstitial / non-stoichiomatic hydride
*covalent or Molecular
hydrides.

Hydrides.
compound of
* a with. I block dements
except
called sonic
Li, Be &
ing.
are
hydrides.
H. 2;9. 13227
GD1 DA, May, KU, R8H, 1sH. ⑯ Be
was
. night
up2
Br, U2, Care, srUz, Baz K

Rb
ca

Sr
covdent character. 11
Bar
(fazan Rules

hydrides
* structure these similar to rocks cast.
of
are

to
they
are also called as saltlike I saline
hydida
#Benz & in
MgHz are
polymeric nature.

/ H
Be
- n/Be y B ,

# Sonic
hydrides, are
crystalline, non-volatile &
in solid state.
conducting
non

*In moster state

they are conductor.

* on Electrolysis.
near. Nat si +
node.
-.
 * onreaction
with heater.
form. Releave.
It He
gan.
NaH + H20 -> Naol + H2

*There
hydides form complexes.

3. (iH + Allez. ->

-
LiAty+3 Lic).

lithium alominium
1iH 5246
+
-> 1;
144.
hydride.
-
Dioranz. -> lithium. Bonohydride.
NaBUn-sodium bonohydride

/ Interestial Hyorides.
Mic

formed
* a
of
There block element's
by many
are block

01

.:
⑥.H

25. Li 132.

33 wa r i
px.

⑮000
④ 17. 50.

ooooo may
Metal's of group, 8 & a do not
form hybride.
crywide gap).
groups onlyor formin
*In
-

&
electivity.
heat
There
*
hyoroes conductor
for
are
 There are non-stoichiometric innature.
*

La1.2087) Y842055, TiH.5-1.8, ZrU103 -

1075.

140056) NiMoo6OO7/P800.6-008.
*some the metals allomodate
of eg PO, itcan

large used
ofHydrogeo &
a volume hence
very
as
hyonogen storage.

ent/
Molecular
hydrides.
#He react with almost all to
block element

form
molecular
hydrides, except Noblegames)
volatile
1.
Being
Covalent
they one

orides
My
: ->
- >

↓
Election
Deficient
Electron
pacine Election rich

13 elements * Cp 14. element's * G415, 16, 17.

# Group

Can, silly, Getty NH3, H20,HF

1343, AlH3, GaH3.
exactly contain.
octer is not complete. complete These
*

pain
ac+ e+ .
lone
of e-
#Lewis Acids, lewis
*
tetrahedral. Bare.
selection acceptor),

B16.
*

non
minding I
 Water
->

Human body 65%.

some plants. 95%

is
colourless, tasteless
* It

& odourles.

uc, waterat
*Maxm
deity of
M20> see.
of sce>GzOce). Dennity
A volume
(1),

*pure
bad conductor
of electricity.
water is a

# Mzo has high heat

of furion.
M20(s) = H20(1).

*Water has heat thermal

high specificmoment & conductivity
erace tension, disole dielectic conect.

= >

> =
->

->

->

o
->

C=
structure
of water.

& F
·
Bent sp3. Polar
X -
-

H ↓ n
104.5.

* He
Crystalises in hexagonal format atmospheric.
penure
but at low
every temp it.
Changed to cubic form.
ice.
stone
of
Each atom in
oxygen
surround tetrahedral.
mical
properties of water
& in
water
* in a
polar moisible a
very good
solvent

you
sonic
compounds.
Because
of high hydration enthalty.
5 -
57
-4.
Nall .................
.... 5 - 4.
0
457
-

use
somecovalent
*
compounds are also soluble in water
due to
formation of u-bonding. HF
ex-CIHiO, InzNH3,

*
Apteric
nature.

behave both avion & bane

that can as,

#
.0
->
NH4 04-
NHz 120
+
+
-

Ba2. Acid. CoA. CoB.

130?
-

>
H10 (l
+ H28 - >

-
+

Aid BM2. 2.13 CoA

Amotolynic
water
of
H30
-
-> on
120 120.
+
+

Acid. BM2

n1
-=-
+
on
 Reactions
-o
aia+ H20 =
->
Naon
+ 1

H2
0 A.
-
1.

2.72 +

2520 - >

4. HF + 02
RA.

is oxidized
During photosynthesis. He to 02

6.C02 12420 +
-> 10H1206 +6420 +602.

polynics high dielectic constantithas a

very
dimole
hydrating [Link]
It
strong many ionic

compounds. Certain are

hydrolyzed inwater.
⑥

P2010. +

420 ->
= H3POY. U3PO2 43PO3
↓ 0 x

0.5.
3( 1) x 4( 2)
+ + + -
=

# n
=

5
+

+ 6.

50z H20
+
= H2SO4.

-> sioz Hc
Silly 12o
+
+

3.
N3
-

-> 043 ou
420 carboxylic
+
+

05- 0
Acid
st 11
turs=
e

+nco-c
3

CH3
(43
-
-

+ ne
0

nz -
#rates.
aqueous soon can be.
halts Intalized
From
many
as hydrated parts.

(ii). Intential weare

coostinated
is water.

39. BaCD. 2H20.

roxtzones 7
x0hz (iii). Hydrogen bonded
CM
ar wat z.

-50.5H20

↑soft
water

calcium & in the

*
of form
presence nalth
magnesium
carbonate, incoride &Nephate
of hydrogen makes
U103.
water hard.

SaCU1032, laC2, Cason.

12 0NaY.
22.7435
-

caz.
+
-
(7425100.)2(a.(6).
2.
<

sodium ·teate. -

ca2x + 2wacd.

17/15

- w
1
O
xxxxoma
·molai. pola.

Hydrophilic,
Hoophobic,
 o-74: a
ne

permanent
Temporary
I
(asOy

IMgCl2,Mgsoy.
(a.(H103)2. cal0z

Mg(H(03)2
to presence
presence Due

chloride & nnephate.

Due to
carbonate
hydrogen of
of
Ammoral
of temporary hardness
i)
By boiling
(a(h(03)2 ,(a(03() + 120

+ 102.
>
Mg(n103)2 Mg10U(2 (f) +102(4)

(ii) i s
method.

Ca(Ul03)2 1a(01(c)
+
(a/0z 420
-> +

slaked
l'me (h).

Ng(U103)2 (alon)z -(al0z(h).

+

mg 10U)2(f).
+

U20.
+
 ofpermanenthardness.
Ro d
is soda.
uning washing
Melz+Naz103-. M(0z(h)
+ Nas.

MSOy + Naz(0z M103(H)

+

Na2SOY.
-

(ii).
ons
method.

sodium hexameta phosphate. (NasP008). (algon)

NayP6015
-

Nas16010 -> [wal+

x + NayP608 -> [NazMP6018] + zwal

salgon trade The

isa
of sodium hexametaphorphate.
name

ca2e&Nglione present in hard react with calgon

water

which
form complex with & do
to anions are inactive
very
not

form precipitate soap.

changemethod.
so

sodium aluminium silisate

[NaAlsioy) -waz

Naz. + M27 -
Mzz(s) +
2Nat.
or (a.
Mg
It can be regenerated. When Mzz+2Nas->INaz + MO
 nast's
For this process inorganic like
hydrates of sodium

& aluminiumsilicates. [NAZAl2Si206. WHz0] are used

also
which are called as
zeolites. Naz z

organic procentsynthetic rain method.

hand cation.
cation
=>

exchanger:exchange only
R100 . +
(a27 ->(R100)2(a(t) +
2H7

hand
Exchanger. -
anion
=>An exchange

R -

NNIo
3.
+
(- ->
R-NBzT(l*()) on
+

11 or ->420.
+

Bone. Acid. sall-

- -

- > -

-
-

- - -
-

-
=
SO3H ->SOzNa.
=

·
- > - -
-

- - - -

- >

- -

- . . .

- -
- >
-
- - -

- -
- -

- - - >

- . . .

- - - -

- -

-
 ↑oogen
peroxide. 1202. 120
M
-

peroxide.

:--08 .. -
① u. has, solid

&operation.

a)"asOuta
(i). B902.8120.+M2SOY.
(5).

&

B -2n+
1002.

barium peroxide&
Acidification of exaporation removing
reduced
under prenue.
exces

water
byH2020
gives.

ii. Bystrolynis
0

Usonpholymis n. -
- -
0 -
0 ->
S
1/
- o -4. +
2e
-

11
16 o
O At anode.

no-soil - on
Peroxodinupphate.
 Catho D2
2n1 +
2e
-

-
H2.

Peroxodivkhatein hydrolyzed to prepare 1202

Hydrolysis
H.03S00 SO3U - >
InsOy
+ 2r +
H20z.(95).

method.
↑strial
of 2-aucylanthraquinots.
Autoxidation

- .

-
-

- >

properties.
↑a
synopy diquid
->Dome
12oz in a thick with pale
blue colour..
It has
-> bitter taste.

12ozin than water.

-
Deality of more

It's
-> is
mp 272041·
 completelyminisible
->Itis withwater in all

propositions.
->
Dipole moment koz in (2011) where.
of
H20(1.845)

properties:
hmical
-

Nature
#odic
dicoxidizingagent - 2
1

-
Reducing agent-
1
I
1202-0
-

420z -> H20

ii) Mn0Y 1202 Mn+ 02

i.Fe2 1202->Fe3
-
+

+ +
H20

(ii)PAS +1202 -

P8sOy. 120. +

(ii). 1010 1202

+
-> 1304 c
+

+ 0z.

#air dining pasic

-educing.
F2P +
1202 -> Fe37.00 12
-

+
1202 -
on -

M(n27 +
120z -
Mn4 or
+
Mu05 420z -> +

Mn0z 0z +

H20
+

+ On
-

actions
Banning
nascent
12ozdecompone to produce oxygen

1282
-

H20
+
10]
I reactive.
highly
colouring master
of colourless.
 - >
-

- >
. .
- - -

- -
-

- -
-

- -

-
- >

- >

- -

- -

- - 1

- -

- - >

- . .

- >

- - -

- -

- -

Water (D20).
-pay.
·parahydrogen(2).

⑦ ④
Para
or tho Hydrogen.

Atroom
temp 75% orth0 25%.
pana.
+

S 1. s
1 1 0.
= +
=
=
=

25 1 2x1 1
=
+
3.
=

2x0
25 1 1
=
+ + +

triplet = I

singlet