Nadia Khan [Link]., International Journal of Convergence in Healthcare, July-December, 2024, Vol. 04, No.
02 |29|
Original Article
International Journal of Convergence in Healthcare
Published by
IJCIH & Pratyaksh Medicare LLP [Link]
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching
Programme (STP) on Knowledge Regarding Prevention of Iron
Deficiency Anaemia Among Antenatal Mothers of Selected
Rural Area, Gulbarga
Nadia Khan
Asst Professor, OBG Department, Govt College of Nursing GIMS, Kalaburagi
Abstract
Anemia is defined as decrease in Hb levels to below the normal range of 13.5 gm/dl (men), 11.5 gm/dl (women),
and 11.0 gm/dl (children and pregnant women). Very severe anemia is defined as an Hb level <4 gm/dl in
pregnant women; this is a medical emergency. Women’s health is central to the survival of the society. They are
pivot of the family, the nurtures of the next generation and care givers for elderly. To assess the knowledge of
antenatal mothers regarding prevention of Iron deficiency anaemia before administering the structured teaching
programme. Objectives of the study were To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on
prevention of Iron deficiency anaemia among antenatal [Link] associate the pre-test knowledge of antenatal
mothers with selected socio demographic variables and H01: There will be significant difference between
pre-test and post-test knowledge scores among antenatal mothers H02:There will be significant association
between scores with selected demographic variables. Effectiveness of STP = O2 - O1, O1: Pre-test Knowledge
scores regarding prevention of iron deficiency anaemia , O2: Post-test Knowledge scores regarding prevention
of iron deficiency anaemia & X: Structured teaching programme on prevention of iron deficiency anaemia . As
for the overall pre-test knowledge scores is concerned, out of maximum score 40 it ranges from 14-29. The
median score is 20 and the mean ± SD is 21.26 ± 4.21.
Further, overall post-test knowledge score is concerned, out of a maximum score 40, this is ranging from 23-40,
where as the median is 31 and the mean ± SD is 31.73 ± 3.93.
Discussion: The present study confirms that the overall knowledge levels of antenatal mothers was significantly
low in the pre-test with the overall mean pre-test knowledge scores of 53.15% when compared to the mean
post test knowledge scores of 79.32% .
The study findings are consistent with the study findings of Donna sym who conducted a study on “Prevention &
treatment modality of swine influenza” which included 2 stages. Stage 1 was applied to determine the knowledge
of school students about using safety techniques to prevent swine influenza. Stage 2 consists of observation
of all students for 5 days and interventions students used for the prevention and treatment modalities of
Corresponding Author: swine influenza. They concluded that students’
Nadia Khan knowledge regarding Prevention & treatment
Asst Professor, OBG Department, Govt College of Nursing modality of swine influenza is comparatively low.
GIMS, Kalaburagi Keywords: Mothers, Antenatal, Anemia, Iron
Email: nsgauthorimp@[Link] deficiency, STP, Knowledge and Rural area.
|30| Nadia Khan [Link]., International Journal of Convergence in Healthcare, July-December, 2024, Vol. 04, No. 02
Introduction absent stores of iron because of heavy menstrual period,
a previous pregnancy, poor iron intake , substance abuse
Anemia is a ice berg disease commonly seen in and increase fetal demands of iron leads to iron deficiency
pregnant women, children, adolescent and old age. anemia.
Anaemia is the commonest haematological disorder that
may occur in pregnancy .According to the standard laid Objectives of the Study
down by World Health Organisation, anaemia in pregnancy 1. To assess the knowledge of antenatal mothers
is when the haemoglobin concentration in the peripheral regarding prevention of Iron deficiency anaemia before
blood is 11gm per100ml or less.1 administering the structured teaching programme.
Anemia is defined as decrease in Hb levels to below the 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching
normal range of 13.5 gm/dl (men), 11.5 gm/dl (women), programme on prevention of Iron deficiency anaemia
and 11.0 gm/dl (children and pregnant women). Very among antenatal mothers.
severe anemia is defined as an Hb level <4 gm/dl in 3. To associate the pre-test knowledge of antenatal
pregnant women; this is a medical emergency due to the mothers with selected socio demographic variables.
risk of congestive heart failure and maternal death (World
Health Organization).2 Hypothesis
According to World Health Organization, the prevalence H01: There will be significant difference between pre-
of anemia in developing countries among pregnant women test and post-test knowledge scores among antenatal
averages 56% ranging between 35-100%, in the year 2009 mothers
among different regions of the world. Various studies H02: There will be significant association between
from different regions of the country have reported the scores with selected demographic variables.
prevalence of anemia to be between 33-100%. Assumptions
Need for the Study
1. The antenatal mothers may have some knowledge
Women’s health is central to the survival of the 2. There will be association between the knowledge
society. They are pivot of the family, the nurtures of the with selected demographic variables among antenatal
next generation and care givers for elderly. Apart from mothers.
their familiar duties, women are first and fore most free
3. Knowledge on prevention and management of Iron
human beings who have a primary responsibilities towards
deficiency anaemia among antenatal mothers is
their own health and happiness. Women’s lives have to
measurable.
be seen as continuum and culmination.
4. Antenatal mothers knowledge can be enhanced
The different stages of their lives segue into each
through structured teaching Programme.
others seamlessly and one such stage is pregnancy which
is a special event in women’s life and joyful anticipation. 5. Structured teaching programme about prevention and
But sometimes it can be a time of fear of suffering and management of Iron deficiency anaemia may help
death in case women begins pregnancy with low or antenatal mothers to update their knowledge
Table 1: Description of the research design
Group Pre-test Treatment Post-test
Antenatal mothers aged Day–I: Assessment of knowledge Day-I: Conducting structured After 8 days of STP knowledge
between 20 – 35 years by using structured questionnaire teaching programme on of antenatal mothers is
in selected rural area of regarding prevention of Iron prevention of Iron deficiency assessed by using same
Gulbarga deficiency anaemia. anaemia. structured questionnaire.
O1 X O2
Effectiveness of STP = O2 - O1 • X: Structured teaching programme on prevention of
• O1: Pre-test Knowledge scores regarding prevention iron deficiency anaemia .
of iron deficiency anaemia . 1. Setting of the Study: The study was conducted in
• O2: Post-test Knowledge scores regarding prevention selected rural area of Gulbarga.
of iron deficiency anaemia .
Nadia Khan [Link]., International Journal of Convergence in Healthcare, July-December, 2024, Vol. 04, No. 02 |31|
i. Population: In this study the population consisted Availability of health services, Gravida, Type of diet,
of antenatal mothers who are visiting the antenatal Socio-economic status and Residing area.
clinics at the age group of 20- 35years. • Part II: Consists of 25 items which is designed to elicit
ii. Sample size and Sampling Technique: The sample information regarding prevention of iron deficiency
size consists of 60 (sixty) antenatal mothers in anaemia .
in selected rural area of Gulbarga. Convenient b. Scoring of the Items
sampling technique was considered appropriate
• There were 25 items. Each item has four options with
for the study.
one accurate answer. The score for correct response
2. Tool of Research: Based on the objectives of the study, to each item was “one” and incorrect response was
a structured questionnaire was prepared in order to “zero”. Thus for 25 items maximum obtainable score
assess the knowledge of antenatal mothers in selected was 25 and minimum score was zero.
antenatal clinics on prevention of iron deficiency
• To find out the association with the selected
anaemia .
demographic variables and knowledge scores,
a. Description of the Tool respondents are categorized into three groups.
The structured knowledge questionnaire comprised • Below 50% - Inadequate knowledge
of two parts.
• 51-75% - Moderate knowledge
• Part I: Consists of 10 items related to the socio-
• Above 75% - Adequate knowlede
demographic variables under the study such as Age,
Educational status, Religion, Occupation, Income,
Table 2: Distribution of respondents according to demographic variables.
Demographic Responses Overall pretest Knowledge
variables Median and below Above median Chi square & α-Value
Frequency Frequency Inference
Age in years <25years 16 15 0.000NS 0.993
26-30years 15 14 df= 1
Education No formal education 11 8 1.689NS 0.430
Primary education 7 11 df=2
Secondary education 13 10
Religion Hindu 24 22 0.020NS 0.887
Christian 7 7 df=1
Occupation Private 14 10 0.712NS 0.399
House wife 17 19 df= 1
Income <10,000 17 20 1.265NS 0.261
11,000-20,000 14 9 df=1
Availability of Government 11 12 0.772NS 0.680
health services Private 13 9 df=2
Both 7 8
Gravida Primi 15 12 0.297NS 0.586
Multi 16 17 df=1
Type of diet Vegetarian 16 9 2.611NS 0.106
Mixed 15 20 df=1
Residence area Urban 16 13 0.276NS 0.599
Rural 15 16 df = 1
* is significant; NS is not significant; FEP = Fisher’s Exact Probability
|32| Nadia Khan [Link]., International Journal of Convergence in Healthcare, July-December, 2024, Vol. 04, No. 02
Association between knowledge levels with demographic variables.
Table 18: Analysis of association between selected demographic variables and over all Pre-test knowledge scores
N=60
Table 3: Analysis of association between selected demographic variables and over all post-test knowledge scores
N=60
Demographic Responses Overall post-test Knowledge
variables Median and below Above median Chi square & α-Value
Frequency Frequency Inference
Age in years <25years 18 13 0.243NS 0.622
26-30years 15 14 df= 1
Education No formal education 12 7 0.767 NS 0.681
Primary education 9 9 df=2
Secondary education 12 11
Religion Hindu 26 20 0.184NS 0.668
Christian 7 7 df=1
Occupation Private 14 10 0.180NS 0.672
House wife 19 17 df= 1
Income <10,000 19 18 0.519NS 0.471
11,000-20,000 14 9 df=1
Availability of Government 13 10 0.591NS 0.744
health services Private 13 9 df=2
Both 7 8
Gravida Primi 15 12 0.006NS 0.938
Multi 18 15 df=1
Type of diet Vegetarian 15 10 0.433NS 0.511
Mixed 18 17 df=1
Residence area Urban 17 12 0.297NS 0.586
Rural 16 15 df= 1
* is significant; NS is not significant; FEP = Fisher’s Exact Probability
Component wise distribution of scores during the pre-test and post-test.
Table 4: Descriptive statistics of age, overall knowledge score of pre and post test scores.
Range Median Mean SD
Age (yrs) 20-35 24.5 25.18 3.92
Overall pre-test knowledge score 14-29 20 21.26 4.21
Overall post-test knowledge score 24-39 31 31.73 3.93
It may be noticed from this study table 12 that the from 23-40, where as the median is 31 and the mean ±
mean ± SD of age is 25.18 ± 3.92 years, which ranges from SD is 31.73 ± 3.93.
20-35years. The median age is 24.5 years. Testing of the hypothesis.
As for the overall pre-test knowledge scores is
H01: There will be significant difference between pre-
concerned, out of maximum score 40 it ranges from 14-29.
test and post-test knowledge scores among antenatal
The median score is 20 and the mean ± SD is 21.26 ± 4.21.
mothers
Further, overall post-test knowledge score is
The Research hypothesis H1 stated in the study is
concerned, out of a maximum score 40, this is ranging
accepted since there is significant change found between
Nadia Khan [Link]., International Journal of Convergence in Healthcare, July-December, 2024, Vol. 04, No. 02 |33|
the pre-test and post-test knowledge scores on prevention and computer-assisted instruction on iron deficiency
of iron deficiency anaemia among antenatal mothers at P anaemia.
<0.05 level (5%). Hence, the stated Research hypothesis Ethical Clearance: obtained from concerned authority
H1 is accepted since there is a significant improvement
Conflict of Interest: None
in knowledge scores of antenatal mothers after
administration of the structured teaching programme. Funding: Self
H02: There will be significant association between Acknowledgement: I would like to thank my parents,
scores with selected demographic variables. college management, all faculties specially my guide
and my friends for their constant support. I extend my
The Research hypothesis H2 stated in the study is
heartfelt thanks to Prof Vijayreddy sir for encouragement
rejected since there is no significant association between
and support.
knowledge scores with selected demographic variables at
P <0.05 level (5%). References
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