Philippines: Colonial Period
Chapter 3: Science, Technology &
Nation Building Spanish Colonialism Period: 1521 – 1898
Philippine History: Pre-colonial Period Colonization by the Spaniards provided the
Philippines with modern means of construction.
Before the Spaniards came to the Philippine Walls, roads, bridges, and other large infrastructures
Islands, early Filipino settlers were already using were built using some of the engineering skills and
certain plants and herbs and medicine. Systems of tools brought by the Spaniards. In addition, the spanish
farming and animal-raising were also implemented. government developed health and education system
Moreover, early Filipinos had also developed different that were enjoyed by the principalia class.
modes of transportation, whether terrestrial or
March 16 ,1521 – The Spanish Fleet arrived in the vicinity of
maritime.
Samar
First Settlers of the Philippines: Las Isla Felipinas : Hispanization of the Filipinos
Long before the Spaniards came to the 1. Establishing Spanish Towns
Philippines, Filipinos had a civilization of their own. • Poblacion (Spanish Town)
This civilization partly came from Malay settlers and Pre-colonial: Villages lined up along the
partly their response to the new environment. seashores and river banks.
Colonization: Resettlement
PRINCIPLES OF THEIR DAILY LIVING Reduccion Policia – The process in which all the
tribes and villages living along near seashores
SOCIETY and river banks settled in a centralized area
- According to the law, settlements had to
Mode of Dressing: center around rectangular plaza whose
corners corresponded to the four cardinal
[Link] directions.
2. Christianizing the Filipinos
• Male attire was composed of the Kanggan 3. The Colonial Economy
(sleeveless jacket) and bahag (loincloth) - Galleon Trade in which Philippines became a
• The color of kanggan indicates rank – red for the transshipment point for the export of Oriental
chief, black or blue for the commoners products to Spanish
• Men also wear a turban called putong, which also - Cash- crop Cultivation and export
tell the social status/achievement of the individual The government encouraged or mandated the
wearing it. planting of farmlands into tabacco, sugar and
abaca
2. FEMALE 4. Social Classes
- Peninsulares are the full-blooded Spanish
• Female attire consisted of baro or camisa (jacket living in the Philippines and born in Spain
with sleeves and saya or patadyong (a long skirt; - Insulares – Full-blooded Spanish living in the
some women wore a piece of red or white cloth on Philippines and born in the Philippines as well
top of their skirt called tapis - Ilustrados – Wealthy group of individuals
born in the Philippines and were able to study
HOUSES abroad
- Indio – Native and full-blooded Filipinos
In general, houses are built to suit the tropical country
5. Educating the Filipino Elite
• Called bahay kubo, made of wood, bamboo and
6. Making the Indio
nipa palm; it was built on stilts and can be entered
Indio – given for the Filipinos in the Spanish
through ladders that can be drawn up
period
• Some Filipinos, such as Kalingas, mandayas and
1. Paid taxes – eight reales (1 peso) annually
Bagobos built their houses on treetops
in money or in kind
In 1884, replaced by cedula (individual tax)
GOVERNMENT 2. Worked on government projects
• Unit of government was the barangay, which
consisted of from 30 to 100 families. The term came
American Colonialism
from the Malay word Balangay, meaning boat
The American occupation modernized
• Barangays were headed by chieftains called datu.
almost all aspects of life in the Philippines. They
• RESPONSIBILITIES OF A DATU
- Chief executive established a government agency the Bureau of
- The legislator Science and Technology for nurturing of
- The judge development in the field of Science and Technology.
- Commander in times of war
Treaty of Paris – April 11, 1899 John Hay the Secretary of
AGRICULTURE State signing the Paris of treaty. In this treaty Spain ceded the
Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico to the United States for
• Main source of livelihood about 20 million US dollars which gave the US three additional
• Agricultural productivity was enhanced by use colonies to control.
of irrigation ditches like those found in the
Ifugao (Rice Terraces) 1. Adapted college or Higher education and taught
them better ways to survive
FISHING 2. Filipinization
- That allowed colonial authorities some
• the main source of living of those tribes near rivers government action. Elite citizens in the colony
and seas. (Bow and arrows) were elected as a member of the Philippine
Commission
LANGUAGE
July 14,1946 – US government restored full independence in
• There are more than 100 languages in the the Philippines.
Philippines eight of which are considered
major languages: Tagalog, Ilokano,
Pangasinan, Sugbuhanon, Hiligaynon,
Samarhon , and Magindanao
• These languages are descended from
Austronesian or Malayo-Polynesian
language
POST COLONIAL PERIOD: PHILIPPINES TODAY Questions:
After achieving independence from the colonizers, the 1. Trace the development of science and
Philippines, under different administration, continued
technology from the pre-colonial up until to the
to pursue programs in science and technology
present. What have you observed?
2. What do you think are the major contributions
of science and technology to Philippines nation-
Ferdinand Marcos - One of the presidents who building?
ushered in advancements in science and technology 3. What do you think are the major contributions
PAGASA of the Philippines to Science and technology to
the Present?
"Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Science
Act of 1972" is necessary for the successful
prosecution of the Government's program to mitigate
or reduce the losses of life, property, and the economy
of the nation occasioned by typhoons, floods, drought,
and other destructive weather disturbances;( Pursuant
of the PD no. 78)
They established and strengthened, including the Philippine
Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services
Administration (PAGASA) in place of the abolished Weather
Bureau
PAGASA is the Philippine national institution dedicated to
provide flood and typhoon warnings, public weather forecasts
and advisories, meteorological, astronomical, climatological,
and other specialized information and services primarily for
the protection of life and property and in support of economic,
productivity and sustainable development. The government
agency was created on December 8, 1972 by virtue of
Presidential Decree No. 78 reorganizing the Philippine
Weather Bureau into PAGASA.
DOST
Mandated by Corazon C. Aquino
Originally established as the National Science and
Development Board (NSDB) on 13 June 1958, it was
reconstituted as the National Science and Technology
Authority (NSTA) on 17 March 1981 with the vision of
"A competent and competitive science and technology
community with a social conscience."
With the agency's elevation to full cabinet stature by
virtue of Executive Order 128 signed on 30 January
1987, the functions and responsibilities of DOST
expanded correspondingly to include the following:
• Pursue the declared state policy of
supporting local scientific and
technological effort
• Develop local capability to achieve
technological self-reliance
• Encourage greater private sector
participation in research and
development
The Department of Science and Technology (DOST) is
the premiere science and technology body in the
country charged with the twin mandate of providing
central direction, leadership and coordination of all
scientific and technological activities, and of
formulating policies, programs and projects to support
national development.
