Unit -2

Travel Motivators And Tourism Product

 Business Tourism

 The primary purpose of business tourism is to conduct business

activities such as meetings, conferences, trade shows, training
sessions, and corporate events.
 Professionals may travel domestically or internationally to
establish business relationships, negotiate deals, attend industry
conferences, or participate in exhibitions.
 Types of business tourism

 Meetings and Conferences: Events where professionals gather to

discuss industry trends, share knowledge, and network.
 Incentive Travel: Companies often reward employees with
incentive trips as a form of motivation for achieving specific
goals.
 Trade Shows and Exhibitions: Businesses showcase their
products and services to potential clients, partners, and
investors.
 Corporate Retreats: Events aimed at team building, strategic
planning, and fostering a positive corporate culture.
 Leisure

 Leisure is the range of leisure activities a person does within

their spare time, once they have completed the necessities of
life.
 Leisure is derived from the Latin word “licer” which means “to
permit or allow.”
 Leisure is a discretionary time that is left after working,
travelling, sleeping, after doing necessary family and personal
responsibilities which can be used in way of the person choice.
 Types of Leisure

1. Social: Activities done with other people

Example: Get-together, Pub outings etc.
2. Creative: Activities, where a person makes or creates something.
Example: Arts, creative model making, etc.
3. Physical: Activities that require body movement
Example: Gyms, sports, etc.
4. Cognitive: Activities that require a person to think
Example: Group discussions, inspiring and motivational
session etc.
5. Relaxation: Activities, where a person does to feel calm
Example: Movie, reading, sightseeing, etc.
6. Spiritual: Activities, where a person submits to a higher power
Example: Temples, festivals, etc.
 Religious Tourism

 Religious tourism is one of the earliest forms of tourism.

 Religious tourism is also known as pilgrimage or spiritual tourism.
 Such tourism activities are undertaken by religious pilgrims. Devotees of
Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Buddhists, Sikhs go to their respective religious
place in search of peace of mind or for the purpose of worship or pay
respect to the God.
 People wish fulfilment, finding relief and solutions to their problems with
supernatural powers have been the reasons which promote the class of people
to visit religious places.
In India, since ancient times, tourism has been associated with places of
religious importance.

These places are spread all over the country.

Example: Varanasi, Haridwar, Chardham, Vaishno Devi Temple and

Amarnath Caves,12 Jyotilongas, 51 Shaktipeets, Saibaba Temple Shirdi,
Ashtavinak Darshan, Balaji Temple, Golden Temple Amritsar, Haji Ali, etc.
 Visiting friends and relatives (VFR)

 When it comes to the travel industry, there are numerous terms and
acronyms that are commonly used. One such term that is crucial to
understand is VFR.
 VFR stands for Visiting Friends and Relatives, and it plays a significant
role in shaping travel patterns and tourism trends around the world.
 VFR travel refers to trips that individuals make to visit their friends or
relatives in a different location.
 This type of travel is distinct from leisure or business travel, as the primary
purpose is to spend time with loved ones rather than for vacation or
work-related activities.
 Visiting friends and relatives is a common motivation for travel
across cultures and regions.
 People often travel to reconnect with family members, celebrate
special occasions, attend cultural events, or simply spend quality
time with loved ones who live far away.
 Adventure Tourism

 Adventure tourism is defined as the movement of the people from

one to another place outside their comfort zone for exploration
or travel to remote areas, exotic and possibly hostile areas.
 Adventure tourism is very popular among young age tourists.
 Adventure tourism gains much of its excitement by allowing the
tourists to step outside their comfort zone
 Classified as

Adventure on land:
1. Safari travelling in jungles, deserts, hills, etc.
2. All Terrain Vehicles tours
3. Mountain climbing, rock/cliff climbing, trek and tent camping, etc.
4. Skiing, heli-skiing, etc.
 Water Adventures: Scuba diving, Snorkelling, Para sailing, Water scooters,
Water-skiing, Water rafting, Banana boat ride, etc.
 Aerial Adventure: Hot air balloons, Para gliding, Sky diving, Parachuting
bungee jumping, etc.
 Health Tourism

 The objective is to promote India as a quality Healthcare destination

for persons across the globe, so as to gainfully utilize the health care
expertise and infrastructure available in the country.
 The Indian systems of medicines, i.e. Ayurveda, Yoga, Panchakarma,
Rejuvenation Therapy, etc. are among the most ancient systems of
medical treatment, of the world.
 India can provide Medical and Health care at international standard at
comparatively low cost
The growth of Medical and Health Tourism is higher in India because it
has some main advantages :
 It has world-class doctors and hospitals
 The cost of the treatment is a fraction of cost in the source markets
 There is no waiting period for various medical processes
 Increasing popularity of India as a tourist destination in the west
 Eastern Healthcare Wisdom along with the expertise of Western
Medicine
 Tourism product of India ( Assignment )

[Link]: India boasts a vast coastline, providing numerous beautiful

beaches. Some of the most popular beach destinations include:
 Goa: Known for its vibrant nightlife, water sports, and Portuguese-
influenced architecture.
 Kovalam (Kerala): Famous for its pristine beaches and Ayurvedic
resorts.
 Puri (Odisha): Home to the famous Jagannath Temple and a long
stretch of sandy beaches.
 Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Offering secluded and exotic beaches
like Radhanagar Beach in Havelock Island.
 Hill station ( Assignment)

2. Hill Station: India has several picturesque hill stations, providing a respite from
the heat and a tranquil escape. Some notable ones are:
 Shimla (Himachal Pradesh): A colonial-era hill station with scenic
landscapes and Mall Road.
 Darjeeling (West Bengal): Famous for its tea plantations, the Himalayan
Railway, and stunning views of Kanchenjunga.
 Ooty (Tamil Nadu): Known for its pleasant climate, botanical gardens, and
Nilgiri Mountain Railway.
 Manali (Himachal Pradesh): A popular destination for adventure sports,
surrounded by snow-capped peaks.
 Wildlife Sanctuaries (Assignment)

[Link] Sanctuaries : India is home to a diverse range of flora and fauna, and
wildlife sanctuaries provide a chance to experience the natural beauty. Some notable
sanctuaries include:
 Jim Corbett National Park (Uttarakhand): India's oldest national park, known
for its Bengal tigers and diverse wildlife.
 Ranthambore National Park (Rajasthan): Famous for its population of Bengal
tigers and historic Ranthambore Fort.
 Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary (Kerala): A haven for elephants and a variety of other
species in the Western Ghats.
 Sundarbans National Park (West Bengal): Home to the Bengal tiger and the
largest mangrove forest in the world.
 Heritage ( Assignment)
4. Heritage : India's rich history is reflected in its numerous heritage sites,
including UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Some iconic heritage destinations are:
 Taj Mahal (Uttar Pradesh): A symbol of love and one of the Seven Wonders
of the World.
 Jaipur (Rajasthan): Known for its palaces, forts, and vibrant culture, often
referred to as the "Pink City."
 Khajuraho (Madhya Pradesh): Famous for its intricately carved temples
depicting various forms of human life and sexuality.
 Ajanta and Ellora Caves (Maharashtra): Rock-cut cave complexes
showcasing ancient Indian art and architecture.
 Intermediaries of Tourism

[Link] Operators
[Link] Agent
[Link] and guides
[Link] travel portals
 1. Tour operators

 A tour operator is a person or company that thinks up ideas for holidays,

researches the ideas, designs the holiday itinerary and content, contracts
the services needed for the holiday, accommodation, transport, guides,
tour leaders or resort reps and then markets the resultant package.
 They sell the package either directly to the consumer or use the services of a
travel agent to do so.
 A tour operator sells the product that they themselves create.
 They do not sell anybody else's packages, they sell only their own creations.
 That is why they are called manufacturers of tourism products.
 Definition of tour operator

 Definitions of Tour Operator : Poyther defines, "tour operator is

one who has the responsibility of putting the tour ingredients
together, marketing it, making reservations and handling
actual operation."
 They create itineraries that include transportation, lodging,
meals, and other services. Tour operators also promote their
tours through advertising and brochures.
 Types of tour operator

[Link] Tour operator : A company that specializes in creating and selling travel
packages to foreign visitors coming into a country.
Example: A company in India that organizes tours for tourists coming from the US to
visit different Indian cities like Delhi, Agra, and Jaipur.

[Link] Tour operator :A company that arranges tours for domestic travellers
to international destinations.
Example: A travel operator in India that creates packages for Indian citizens to travel
to Thailand, Singapore, or Dubai.
[Link] Tour operator :A company that focuses on creating tours
within the borders of a single country, catering to local travellers.

Example: A tour operator in India that organizes trips to different regions

within India like Kerala, Rajasthan, or the Himalayas for Indian residents.

[Link] Tour Operators

A company that manages the on-ground logistics and arrangements for
tourists once they arrive at their destination, usually working on behalf of
inbound or outbound tour operators.
[Link] Interest Tour Operator :A company that designs tours focused
on specific interests like wildlife, culture, adventure, or food.

Example: A tour operator specializing in wildlife safaris in Ranthambore

National Park or a company that creates yoga retreats in Rishikesh.

[Link]–Market Tour Operator :A company that provides standardized,

widely accessible tour packages at a more affordable price point.

Example: A large travel agency offering generic "Golden Triangle" tours

of Delhi, Agra, and Jaipur at a competitive price.
 [Link] agency

 A travel agency is an organisation which organises traveller's

arrangement which is required for the movement.
 A travel agent is a person who has full knowledge of tourist
product – destinations, modes of travel, climate,
accommodation, and other areas of the service sector.
 They acts on the behalf of product providers/principles and in
return gets a commission.
 A travel agent may be an individual /firm or corporation which
is commonly known as a travel agency.
 Definition of travel agency

 According to Airlines Reporting Corporation (ARC) a travel

agency is defined as
"A business that performs the following functions: quotes fares,
rates, make reservations, arrange travel tickets and
accommodation, arrange travel insurance, foreign currency,
documents and accepts payments."
 Types of travel agencies

A. Wholesale travel agencies

 A wholesale travel agency is one which initiates the process of
designing organised package tours or sells the individual travel
components directly or indirectly through franchise, sub agents and
retail agents
 A wholesaler may be a consolidator or a manufacturer of tour
packages or can act as a General Sales Agent (GSA).
 The wholesale travel agencies in India are Makemytrip, Cox & Kings,
Thomas Cook , [Link], International Travel House, Mercury
Travels etc.
 B. Retail travel agency

A retail travel agency is one which sells its services directly to tourists or
travellers at various small locations.
Retailer receives commission from the gross sale of hotel rooms, airline,
railways, bus, car and cruise tickets, insurance, foreign exchange .
The primary source of revenue is commission which they receive from
various service providers.
Retail travel agencies in India are Indian Air Travel, Voyagers Club,
Discovery Travels Pvt. Ltd, E– bookers Holidays, Jungle Travels Pvt.
Ltd, RJ Trade Wings etc.
 C. Implant travel agency

 It is a different type of travel agent which is located in the premises of

corporate offices to take care of their travel arrangements.
 A mutual agreement is done between both the parties where corporate
house provide travel agent space and basic infrastructure at their
premises, and travel agent organises their own set up for exclusively
serving the employees.
 Example : TCS, a leading IT services company in India, has extensive
business travel needs for its employees. Instead of managing travel
bookings through an external agency, TCS partners with ABC Travel
Services, a specialized corporate travel agency.
 D. Conference and Meeting Planners

 Meeting, convention, and event planners coordinate all aspects of

events and professional meetings.
 They arrange meeting venues, transportation services,
accommodation, food and beverages for participants, pre and
post conference sightseeing and other related activities.
 Meeting, convention, and event planners spend time in their
office premises and onsite at hotels or convention centres.
Examples : Icon Planners , ICE India , Glider Events
 E. Trade Fair Organiser

 Trade Fair Organisers have a clear commitment to organise package to

various national and international trade fair venues as the principal
core of their mission is to promote trade fairs.
 They are backed by consumers, are engaged actively in supporting
exhibitors, visitors, national and international bodies, and create
awareness raising.
 Examples : India Trade Promotion Organisation (ITPO)
Asian Business Exhibition & Conferences Ltd. (ABEC)
Prompt Trade Fairs (India) Private Limited
 F. Online Travel Agency :

 Online Travel Agencies are travel websites which provide online

booking facilities for hotels, airlines, cars and other travel related
services to clients.
 Online Travel Agencies work on B2B2C (Business to Business to
Customer) system.
 In a B2B2C system, the owner of the website or the sellers uploads
their products. The clients will book the products either from the
owner or seller directly from the website.
Examples : [Link] , Airbnb , Trivago ,[Link] ,MakeMyTrip,
Tripadvisor
 G. Home Based Travel Agent

 Home–based travel agency is one engaged in the marketing and

selling of travel products from a home office.
 But that can cover a wide variety of different types of home–
based travel agents who might have very different looking
businesses.
 [Link] Escorts & Tour Guides
 A tour escort is a person who accompanies a group of tourists on a
tour, ensuring their safety and well-being.
 They are responsible for the group during the entire trip, from start to
finish.
 1. Pre-Tour Preparation
 2. Guiding & Assisting Travellers
 3. Logistics & Coordination
 4. Problem-Solving & Emergency Handling
 5. Communication & Cultural Guidance
 Tour guides

 Tour guides explain tourists about history, functions, and customs of

a region or authentic knowledge about the historical monuments of the
destination.
 A tour guide is a professional who provides information and
guidance to tourists about specific destinations, attractions, or cultural
landmarks.
 They help visitors explore places safely, understand historical and
cultural significance, and enhance their travel experience.
 Types of tour guides

1 . Historical Guide : Tourists are guided through historical landmarks and points of
interest such as ruins, temples, battles grounds, monuments and other historically
significant locations by a historical guide.
Example : Taj Mahal Agra , Ajanta and Ellora Caves Maharashtra , Hampi,
Karnataka, Jaisalmer Fort Rajasthan

[Link] Guide : Guests are guided to the adventure destination. They're well–
versed on the destination's knowledge, facts and navigational information.
Example : Himalayan Trekking – Uttarakhand & Himachal Pradesh, Scuba Diving –
Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Wildlife Safari – Madhya Pradesh & Karnataka
[Link] Guide : Museum guides seek to educate museum visitors by providing
background information about exhibits, works of art, and antiquities.

Example : National Museum, New Delhi , Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu

Sangrahalaya, Mumbai , City Palace Museum, Udaipur , Victoria Memorial,
Kolkata

4. City Guide : A city guide can conduct tours of a city by bike, bus, rickshaw,
automobile, or foot. A city guide is usually well–versed in the city in which
they work, allowing them to provide tourists with useful information.

Example : Gateway of India , Marine Drive , Colaba Causeway, Juhu Beach

[Link] Guide : Individuals may choose to provide their guiding services on
their own rather than representing a company, museum, or place. Local guides
with extensive knowledge of a city may use their own boat, automobile, or other
vehicle to take tourists around sites of interest.

[Link] Guide : Tourists are generally accompanied by nature guides via outdoor
attractions. Nature guides, unlike adventure guides, may lead walking or hiking trips
through wilderness areas, focusing on topics such as geology, ornithology, and
ecology.
Example : Jim Corbett National Park (Uttarakhand) , Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary
(Kerala) , Gir National Park (Gujarat)
Difference between tour escort and tour guide

Feature Tour Escort Tour Guide

Manages logistics for an Provides detailed site-

A ) Scope of Work
entire tour specific knowledge

B )Accompanies Tourists? Yes, throughout the trip Only at specific locations

C ) Provides Historical &

Basic information In-depth information
Cultural Insights?

Escorting a foreign group on Explaining the history of

D )Example
a Golden Triangle Tour the Qutub Minar in Delhi
 [Link] travel portals

 Online travel portals play a crucial role in the tourism industry, acting
as intermediaries that connect travellers with various travel
services and information.
[Link] and Research - Providing essential travel data and
resources for decision-making.
[Link] Services - Streamlining reservations for accommodations,
flights, and activities.
[Link] Deals - Offering bundled options for better value.
[Link] Pricing - Adjusting rates based on demand and availability.
[Link] Accessibility - Ensuring easy access through mobile
devices.
[Link] Support - Assisting users with their queries and issues.
[Link] and Loyalty Programs - Incentivizing customers
through discounts and rewards.
[Link] Reach - Connecting users to services worldwide.
Thank you