ActiveandPassi veVoi ceofI nt errogat iveandi mper ativeSent ences

Herey ouar egoi ngt ol ear nhowt ochangev oiceofi nter r

ogat i
vesentences.
Quest ionsbeginni ngwi thdo/ does
Nor malst r
uctureofi nter rogativ esent encei nact ivev oicest arti
ngwi t
hdo/ doesis
Do/ does+subj ect+ver b+obj ect?( Act iveVoi ce)
Ex:Doesshecookt hef ood?( Act i
v eVoi ce)
(Here‘ she’i
ssubj ect ,‘cook’ i
sv er band‘ thef ood’ i
sobj ect .)
Whi l
echangi ngt hesent encei nt opassi v e, thisst ruct urebecomes
Am/ i
s/ ar
e+subj ect+V-3+by+agent?( Passi veVoi ce)
Ex:Ist hefoodcookedbyher ?( Passi veVoi ce)
(Here‘ Thefood’ becomessubj ecti npassi v ev oice, ‘cooked’ i
sV-3( pastparti
cipl
e)of
cook, and‘her’isagent( doer ))
Seesomemor eexampl est ocl ar ifythis
 DoesSuewr i
tehomewor k?( Act i
v eVoi ce)
Ishomewor kwr ittenbySue?( Passi veVoi ce)
 DoesSamsonl ear nEngl ish?( Activ eVoi ce)
IsEnglishl ear ntbySamson?( Passi v eVoi ce)
 DoesAnnpl aycr icket ?( Act iveVoi ce)
Iscri
cketpl ay edbyAnn?( Passi veVoi ce)
Quest ionsbeginni ngwi tham/ is/ ar e
Nor malst r
uctureofi nter rogativ esent encei nact ivev oicest arti
ngwi t
ham/ is/arei
s
Am/ i
s/ ar
e+subj ect+ver b+i ng+obj ect?( Act i
veVoi ce)
Ex:Isshecooki ngt hef ood?( Act i
veVoi ce)
(Here‘ she’i
ssubj ect ,‘cooki ng’ i
sv erband‘ thef ood’ isobj ect.
)
Whi l
echangi ngt hesent encei nt opassi v e, thisst ruct urebecomes
Am/ i
s/ ar
e+subj ect+bei ng+V-3+by+agent ?( Passi veVoi ce)
Ex:Ist hefoodbei ngcookedbyher ?( Passi veVoi ce)
(Here‘ Thefood’ becomessubj ecti npassi v ev oice, ‘cooked’ i
sV-3( pastparti
cipl
e)of
cook, and‘her’isagent( doer ))
Note:Youmi ghthav enot i
cedt hatwhenev ert her ei sv er b+i nginacti
vev oi
ce, weare
usingbei ng+V-3i npassi vev oi ce.
Seesomemor eexampl est ocl ar ifythis
 I sSuewr itinghomewor k?( ActiveVoi ce)
Ishomewor kbei ngwr it
tenbySue?( Passi veVoi ce)
 I sHelenlear ningEngl i
sh?( Act i
veVoi ce)
IsEngli
shbei ngl ear ntbyHel en?( Passi v eVoi ce)
 I sSall
ypl ay ingcr icket?( Act i
v eVoi ce)
Iscri
cketbei ngpl ay edbySal l
y ?(Passi veVoi ce)
Quest ionsbeginni ngwi thdid
Nor malst r
uctureofi nter rogativ esent encei nact ivev oicest arti
ngwi t
hdidi s
Did+subj ect+ver b+obj ect?( Act i
veVoi ce)
Ex:Didshecookt hef ood?( Activ eVoi ce)
(Here‘she’i
ssubj ect ,‘cook’ isv er band‘ thef ood’ isobject .)
Whilechangingt hesent encei nt opassi ve,thisst ructurebecomes
Was/ were+subj ect+V-3+by+agent?( Passi veVoi ce)
Ex:Wast hefoodcookedbyher ?( Passi veVoi ce)
(Here‘Thefood’ becomessubj ecti npassi vev oi ce, ‘
cooked’ i
sV-3( pastpart
ici
ple)of
cook,and‘her’isagent( doer ))
Seesomemor eexampl est ocl arifythis
 Di dAnnwr i
tehomewor k?( ActiveVoi ce)
Washomewor kwr ittenbyAnn?( Passi veVoi ce)
 Di dSamsonl ear nEngl ish?( ActiveVoi ce)
WasEngl ishl ear ntbySamson?( Passi veVoi ce)
 Di dSuepl aycr i
cket ?( Act iveVoi ce)
Wascr icketpl ay edbySue?( Passi veVoi ce)
Questionsbegi nni ngwi thwas/ wer e
Normalst r
uctureofi nt er rogat ivesent encei nact i
v evoicest arti
ngwi t
hwas/ werei s
Was/ were+subj ect+ver b+i ng+obj ect?( Act iveVoi ce)
Ex:Wasshecooki ngt hef ood?( ActiveVoi ce)
(Here‘she’i
ssubj ect ,‘cooki ng’ isv erband‘ thef ood’ isobj ect.
)
Whilechangingt hesent encei nt opassi ve,thisst ructurebecomes
Was/ were+subj ect+bei ng+V-3+by+agent?( PassiveVoi ce)
Ex:Wast hefoodbei ngcookedbyher ?(Passi veVoi ce)
(Here‘Thefood’ becomessubj ecti npassi vev oi ce, ‘
cooked’ i
sV-3( pastpart
ici
ple)of
cook,and‘her’isagent( doer ))
Seesomemor eexampl est ocl arifythis
 WasSal lywr i
tinghomewor k?(Act iveVoi ce)
Washomewor kbei ngwr ittenbySal l
y?( Passi veVoi ce)
 WasSi mr anl ear ni ngEngl ish?( Act iveVoi ce)
WasEngl i
shbei ngl earntbySi mr an?( Passi veVoi ce)
 WasSuepl ayingcr icket ?( ActiveVoi ce)
Wascr i
cketbei ngpl ayedbySue?( Passi v eVoi ce)
Questionsbegi nni ngwi thhave/ has/ had
Normalst r
uctureofi nt er rogat ivesent encei nact i
v evoicest arti
ngwi t
hhav e/
has/ had
i
s
Have/has/had+subj ect+V-3+obj ect?( Act iveVoi ce)
Ex:Hasshecookedt hef ood?( Act iveVoi ce)
(Here‘she’i
ssubj ect ,‘cooked’ isV-3( pastpar ticiple)ofcookand‘ thefood’i
sobj ect.
)
Whilechangingt hesent encei nt opassi ve,thisst ructurebecomes
Have/has/had+subj ect+been+V-3+by+agent?( Passi veVoice)
Ex:Hast hefoodbeencookedbyher ?( Passi veVoi ce)
(Here‘Thefood’ becomessubj ecti npassi vev oi ce, ‘
cooked’ i
sV-3( pastpart
ici
ple)of
cook,and‘ her ’i
sagent( doer ))
Seesomemor eexampl est ocl arifyt his
 HasTom wr it
tenhomewor k?( Act i
v eVoi ce)
Hashomewor kbeenwr itt
enbyTom?( Passi veVoi ce)
 HasJackl ear ntEngl i
sh?( Act i
veVoi ce)
HasEngl ishbeenl ear ntbyJack?( Passi veVoi ce)
 HadSi monpl ay edcr i
cket ?( Act iveVoi ce)
Hadcr icketbeenpl ayedbySi mon?( Passi veVoi ce)
Questionsbegi nni ngwi thmodal s
Normalst ructureofi nter rogativ esent encei nact i
v evoicestar t
ingwi t
hmodal sis
Modal+subj ect+ver b+obj ect?( Act iveVoi ce)
Ex:Canshecookt hef ood?( Act i
v eVoi ce)
(Here‘she’ i
ssubj ect,‘cook’ i
sV-3v erband‘ thef ood’ isobject.)
Whilechangi ngt hesent encei ntopassi ve, thisst r
uct urebecomes
Modal+subj ect+be+V-3+by+agent?( Passi veVoi ce)
Ex:Cant hef oodbecookedbyher ?( Passi veVoi ce)
(Here‘Thef ood’ becomessubj ecti npassi v ev oice, ‘
cooked’ isV-3( pastpar
tici
ple)of
cook,and‘ her ’i
sagent( doer ))
Seesomemor eexampl est ocl arifyt his
 Shoul dTom wr itehomewor k?( Act iveVoi ce)
Shoul dhomewor kbewr i
ttenbyTom?( Passi veVoice)
 Woul dSal lyl earnEngl ish?( Activ eVoi ce)
Woul dEngl ishbel earntbySal ly ?( Passi veVoi ce)
 MaySi nanpl aycr icket ?( Act i
veVoi ce)
Maycr i
cketbepl ay edbySi nan?( Passi veVoi ce)
Questionsst arting‘ Wh’ quest ions
Questionsst arti
ngwi t
hwhat ,why ,wher e, when, who, whom et careknownas‘ wh’
questions
Normalst ructureof‘ wh’ quest ionsi nact ivev oicei s
‘
Wh’ wor d+auxi liary+subj ect+v erb+obj ect?( ActiveVoi ce)
Ex:Whydi dshepuni shy ou?( Act iveVoi ce)
(Here‘she’ i
ssubj ect,‘puni sh’ isv erband‘ y ou’ i
sobj ect.)
Whilechangi ngt hesent encei ntopassi ve, thisst r
uct urebecomes
‘
Wh’ wor d+auxi liary+subj ect+V-3+by+agent?( PassiveVoi ce)
Whywer ey oupuni shedbyher ?( Passi v eVoi ce)
(Here‘you’ becomessubj ecti npassi vev oi ce, ‘
puni shed’ i
sV-3( pastpart
ici
ple)of
punish,
and‘her’isagent( doer ))
Seesomemor eexampl est ocl arifyt his
 Whyhav ey ouboughtt hist icket ?( Act iveVoi ce)
 Whyhast hist i
cketbeenboughtbyy ou?( Passi v eVoice)
 Whenwi llyour eturnt hebook?( Act iveVoi ce)
Whenwi llthebookber et urnedbyy ou?( Passi veVoi ce)
 Whatdi dshebuy ?( Act iveVoi ce)
Whatwasboughtbyher ?( Passi veVoi ce)
Questionsbegi nni ngwi th‘who’
Insuchki ndofsent enceswhoact sassubj ect.
Seesomeexampl est ocl eart his
 Whowr otet hisl etter?( Act iveVoi ce)
Bywhom wast hisl etterwr itten?( Passi veVoi ce)
 Whowi llcal lhim?( Act iv eVoi ce)
Bywhom wi l
lhebecal led?( Passi veVoi ce)
 Whopai nt edt hi sbeaut ifulpai nt i
ng?( Act i
veVoi ce)
Bywhom wast hisbeaut ifulpai nt i
ngpai nted?( Passi veVoice)
 Whoi nv itedy ou?( Act iv eVoi ce)
Bywhom ar ey oui nv i
ted?( Passi veVoi ce)
 Whocanbr eakNahom’ sr ecor d?( Act iveVoi ce)
Bywhom canNahom’ sr ecor dbebr oken?( Passi veVoi ce)
Questionsbegi nni ngwi th‘whom’
o Whom hast hepr i
nci palhonour ed?( Act i
veVoi ce)
Whohasbeenhonour edbyt hepr inci pal?(Passi veVoice)
o Whom hast hepol i
cear r
est ed?( Act iveVoi ce)
Whohasbeenar r
est edbypol ice?( Passi v
eVoi ce)
o Whom hav ethepeopl eel ected?( Act iveVoi ce)
Whohasbeenel ectedbyt hepeopl e?( Passi veVoi ce)
o Whom hav ethesel ect orssel ect ed?( ActiveVoi ce)
Whohasbeensel ect edbyt hesel ect ors?( Passi veVoice)
o Whom hasshecal led?( Act iveVoi ce)
Whohasbeencal ledbyher ?( Passi v eVoi ce)
Changingani mper ativesent encei nt heact ivevoi cet opassi ve
Ani mper at
ivesent encei nt hepassi v ev oicehast hef ol l
owingf orm:
Let+obj ect+be+pastpar t
icipl e.
Acti
ve:Car ryithome.
Passi
v e:Leti tbecar r
iedhome.
Acti
ve:Doi tatonce.
Passi
v e:Leti tbedoneatonce.
Acti
ve:Opent hedoor .
Passi
v e:Lett hedoorbeopened.
Acti
ve:Thr owt hebal l.
Passi
v e:Lett hebal lbet hr own.
Whent heact ivev oi ceisi nt henegat ive, t
hepassi vev oicetakestheform:
Let+obj ect+not+be+pastpar tici
pl e.
Acti
v e:Donotbeatt hedog.
Passive:Lett hedognotbebeat en.
Notet hat‘ do’isnotusedi nt hepassi vef orm.
Wecanbegi nthepassi vesent encewi th‘you’ifwewantt oputemphasi sont he
personaddr essedt o.
Compar e:
Acti
v e:Hel pme.
Passive:Letmebehel ped.
Passive:Youar er equest edt ohel pme.
Acti
v e:Lear nt hepoem.
Passive:Lett hepoem bel ear ned.
Passive:Youar easkedt ol ear nthepoem.
Acti
v e:Don’ ttouchi t.
Passive:Leti tnotbet ouched.
Passive:Youar ewar nednott otouchi t.
Notet hatt hepassi vef or m hast obegi nwi th‘you’ whent heobjectoftheactiveverb
i
snotment i
oned.
Acti
v e:Wor khar d.
Heret heact ivev er bdoesnothav eanobj [Link] eforethepassiveform shouldbegi
n
withy ou.
Passive:Youar eadv i
sedt owor khar d.
Acti
v e:Getout .
Passive:Youar eor der edt ogetout .
Mor eexampl esar egi venbel ow:
Active:Pleasel endmesomemoney .
Passiv e:Youar er equest edt ol endmesomemoney .
Active:Kindl ydot hi swor k.
Passiv e:Youar er equest edt odot hiswor k.
Active:Getmeagl assofwat er .
Passiv e:Youar eor der edt ogetmeagl assofwat er.
Active:Letusgof orawal k.
Passiv e:Itissuggest edt hatweshoul dgooutf orawal k.
Notet hatsuggesti sfollowedbya-t hatcl auseandnotani nfi
nit
ive.
Sentenceswi thmodal s
Active:Yououghtt or especty ourpar ents.
Passiv e:Yourpar ent soughtt ober espect edbyy ou.
Active:Youshoul dl earny ourl essons.
Passiv e:Yourl essonsshoul dbel earnedbyy ou.
Insent enceswher eGodi sinvokedt hepassi vevoi cewi l
lbeasf oll
ows:
Acti
ve:MayGodblessyou!
Passi
ve:MayyoubeblessedbyGod!