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Module Test - Module 3

The document outlines key behavioral theories in psychology, including Watson's stimulus-response approach, which focuses on observable behaviors shaped by external stimuli. It explains Pavlov's classical conditioning, where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful one to elicit a response, and Skinner's operant conditioning, which emphasizes the role of reinforcement and punishment in shaping behavior. Additionally, it discusses the concepts of stimulus-response relationships and conditioned reflexes as fundamental aspects of behaviorism.

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30 views2 pages

Module Test - Module 3

The document outlines key behavioral theories in psychology, including Watson's stimulus-response approach, which focuses on observable behaviors shaped by external stimuli. It explains Pavlov's classical conditioning, where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful one to elicit a response, and Skinner's operant conditioning, which emphasizes the role of reinforcement and punishment in shaping behavior. Additionally, it discusses the concepts of stimulus-response relationships and conditioned reflexes as fundamental aspects of behaviorism.

Uploaded by

jkl01252023
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

B. Explain briefly.

1. Watsons’s stimulus-response approach

This approach emphasizes the role of external stimuli in shaping behavior and
focuses on observable behaviors rather than internal mental processes. Watson
believed that behavior could be understood and predicted by studying how
individuals respond to specific stimuli in their environment.

2. Pavlov’s classical conditioning

In classical conditioning, a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a


meaningful stimulus to produce a specific response. This process involves
pairing an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) that naturally elicits a response with a
neutral stimulus (NS). Over time, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned
stimulus (CS) that elicits the same response as the unconditioned stimulus. This
theory has had a significant impact on understanding how learning and behavior
are influenced by environmental stimuli.

3. B.F. Skinner’s operant conditioning

In operant conditioning, behaviors are strengthened or weakened based on the


consequences that follow them. Skinner introduced the concept of reinforcement
and punishment to shape behavior. Reinforcement increases the likelihood of a
behavior being repeated, while punishment decreases the likelihood of a
behavior occurring again.

4. Stimulus response

Stimulus-response refers to the relationship between a specific stimulus and the


corresponding response it elicits. In psychology, this concept is often used to
study how individuals react to different stimuli in their environment. The stimulus-
response model is a fundamental aspect of behaviorism and helps explain how
external factors can influence behavior.

5. Conditioned reflex

Conditioned reflex is an automatic response to a stimulus that differs from that


initially causing the response, but that has become associated with it by
repetition, in a process known as classical conditioning.

6. Operant Conditioning
Operant conditioning is a form of learning in which behavior is influenced by its
consequences. Through reinforcement and punishment, individuals learn to
associate their actions with specific outcomes. This process helps shape
behavior by increasing the likelihood of desired behaviors and decreasing the
likelihood of undesired behaviors.

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