SAT 1
1- Dodder Cuscuta australis, which is a root- and leafless parasitic
plant, however, very likely does not have fully
functional FT genes, and it flowers only when the host plants
flower. We show that host-synthesized FT protein is able to
move into dodder stems, where FT physically interacts with
dodder FD transcription factor, activating flowering of dodder.
This specific manner of flowering allows dodder to
……………………… its flowering time with that of the host plant,
and this is likely a trait that is beneficial for dodder’s
reproductive success.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise
word or phrase?
A- Synchronize
B- Facilitates
C- Produce
D- Dextrous
2- This study guide is based upon the belief that language is a vital, dynamic,
uniquely human form of communication. It has been and is the …………………
factor in man's development as a social, moral, and intellectual being. Any course
of study in English should, therefore, equip the student with the linguistic
knowledge necessary to participate effectively in modern society.
The student in the middle school is experiencing one of the most difficult phases
of life, physically, emotionally, socially, and intellectually. He has left the security
of the elementary school to enter this vague transitional period in which he must
explore, experiment, and try to discover his way into an adult society.
a- Indispensable
b- Fataiged
c- Sinister
d- Ambigious
3- Nadsat slang still sounds like the near-future. It wields a britva-sharp mystique; it
confounds and unites; it forces you to grapple with multiple meanings. The
language continues to fascinate and challenge new readers as well as
international translators; the Ponying the Slovos (that is, understanding the
words) project was founded at Coventry University in 2015, and brings together
insights from global academics. It certainly never ………….. its uneasy hold on
the author; Burgess's manuscript for a "sequel", called The Clockwork Condition,
was found in 2019, and as his (posthumously published) Sonnet for the Emery
Collegiate Institute shows, he never quit digging at his original cult creation:
A- Misperceives
B- Relinquished
C- Tremendous
D- Privy
4- Adam McKay's star-filled apocalyptic disaster comedy is the latest in a centuries-
old genre of fiction about threats from space, writes Dorian Lynskey.
Despite their differences, the effect of a significant collision with the Earth would
be much the same, which is why all potentially ………………. bodies now come
under the umbrella of Near-Earth Objects (NEOs). The largest impact event in
recorded history is the 12-megaton aerial explosion near the Tunguska river in
Siberia on 30 June 1908, but that was a pebble compared to the one that wiped
out the dinosaurs in the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) unrea event 66 million
years ago.
A- Dangerous
B- Comparison
C- associated
5- Skeptics also compare the concept of American exceptionalism to the now-discredited
views of previous world powers’ citizens. Many subjects of the British Empire, it is
noted, once thought that they carried “the white man’s burden” of civilizing other
peoples. French and Portuguese colonists once believed themselves to be on a
“civilizing mission.” More recently, the Soviet Union rationalized its own imperialism as a
Marxist-Leninist mission of liberation. Proponents of American exceptionalism reject
these parallels as being apples-to-oranges comparisons.
A – Proponents
6-
As Victoria Rovine observes, the schism
between fashion and traditional dress is comparable to the separation between
"art" and "artifact": artifacts stand for non-Western visual and material artworks
prior to their recognition by the Western art system.¹2 Rovine argues that in
this hierarchical division "fashion serves as a measure of cultural attainment,"
and, we might add, cultural superiority: "Who has, and who does not have
fashion is politically determined, a function of power relations."
A- schism
7- Totalitarianism is characterized by strong central rule that attempts to control and
direct all aspects of individual life through coercion and repression. Historical examples
of such centralized totalitarian rule include the Mauryan dynasty of India (c. 321–c. 185
BCE), the Qin dynasty of China (221–207 BCE), and the reign of Zulu chief Shaka (c.
1816–28). Nazi Germany (1933–45) and the Soviet Union during the Stalin era (1924–
53) were the first examples of decentralized or popular totalitarianism, in which the
state achieved overwhelming popular support for its leadership.
A- Coercion
B- Dispersed
C- Statesman
D- famous
8- The living collections of plants are often much more than attractive artistic exhibits.
Many serve to maintain a living store of genetic diversity that can support a variety of
conservation, restoration, and research endeavors. Like zoos, botanical gardens often
work in tandem with each other, exchanging seeds, pollen, and other genetic
information to preserve rare, threatened, or endangered species. In fact, a number of
plants that are extinct in the wild are kept alive solely through the efforts of botanical
gardens.
Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?
A- How Botanical Gardens Save Plants with Science
9-
Provide a central bank with the means to closely
implement monetary policies to ensure economic stability
and manage economic growth.
A central bank’s job is to monitor and manage a country’s
monetary system. It has to stabilize its national currency, keep
most people employed, and tackle inflation as needed.
Yet the effects of a central bank’s action can only take hold so
fast. There’s lag time between a central bank’s actions and the
effect of those actions working their way through the economy.
There’s a lot of cash sloshing around in the system.
In contrast, CBDCs are a mainline to the central bank, meaning it
can tap the monetary system more quickly, directly, and
immediately.
*CBDC ( Central Bank Digital Currencies)
Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?
A- Provide a central bank with the means to closely
implement monetary policies to ensure economic
stability and manage economic growth.
B- Preserve or promote the role of a given currency
within the global economy.
C- Provide a secure and convenient digital payment
system for businesses and consumers.
D- Provide broad public access to a form of digital money
free from credit and liquidity risk.
10- Since the mid-20th Century the fair trade movement has changed the lives of
thousands of workers in developing countries by providing them with access to
European and North American markets. The movement created a global industry and
continues to expand, with organizations at all levels involved. However, the expansion of
the fair trade movement has come with significant costs. Some have charged that the
fair trade label has been used as a marketing tool to entice consumers in developed
countries to pay higher prices for certain products whose sale does little to benefit
producers in poor countries. They argue that the fair-trade label, whose initial aim was
to empower local producers by identifying fair trade businesses and products, has been
diluted over time and is now being used merely as a guarantee against exploitation.
11-
A- Despite its imperfections, however, the fair-trade
movement continues to provide opportunities
to marginalized workers throughout the world.
12-
If you do find yourself stuck in quicksand, the best idea is to
lean back so that the weight of your body is distributed over a
wider area. Moving won’t cause you to sink. In fact, slow
back-and-forth movements can actually let water into the
cavity around a trapped limb, loosening the quicksand’s hold.
Getting out will take a while, though. Physicists have
calculated that the force required to extract your foot from
quicksand at a rate of one centimeter per second is roughly
equal to the force needed to lift a medium-sized car.
A- How Deadly Is Quicksand?
13-
In the 1st century BCE the Mediterranean Sea had a crime problem. Specifically, it had
a pirate problem. The rugged region of southern Anatolia known as Cilicia Trachea
(Rough Cilicia) was notoriously infested with seagoing bandits whose depredations
terrified Romans.
Caesar made himself at home among the pirates, bossing them around and shushing
them when he wanted to sleep. He made them listen to the speeches and poems that
he was composing in his unanticipated downtime and berated them as illiterates if they
weren’t sufficiently impressed. He would participate in the pirates’ games and exercises,
but he always addressed them as if he were the commander and they were his
subordinates. From time to time he would threaten to have them all crucified. They
took it as a joke from their overconfident, slightly nutty captive.
A- The region of southern was infamously verminous with maritime outlaws whose
depredations terrified Romans.
B- Caesar simply refused to behave like a captive.
C- Caesar went to the prison where they were being held and
had them all crucified.
D- The pirates must have been dumbfounded. It’s not every
day that a hostage negotiates his ransom up.
14-
Culture is the sum of all the forms of art, of love, and of thought, which, in the course of
centuries, have enabled man to be less enslaved." Culture is the invisible bond which
ties people together. It refers to the pattern of human activity. The art, literature,
language, and religion of a community represent its culture. Our cultural values and
beliefs manifest themselves through our lifestyle. Our moral values represent our
culture. The importance of culture lies in its close association with the ways of thinking
and living. American culture which is predominantly individualistic, promotes giving
freedom of choice to children since a young age. The Japanese culture which promotes
collectivism, rather encourages the parents/elders to make choices for their children.
This is an example of how parenting is perceived in contrasting ways due to the
differences in culture.
A- American culture is principally distinctive that gives freedom of choice to all.
B- Describes the significance of studying culture and society
C- It is important to understand culture, society and politics.
D- Individuals of a particular society share a common culture that shapes
their way of living.
15-
Ghosting Someone May Hurt You as Much as It Hurts Them
A new study finds that people who cut off communication with someone without an
explanation may suffer depressive symptoms afterward.
After analyzing the data, the researchers found that young people who’d ghosted
friends more at one point in time were more likely to be depressed four months later.
This suggests that ghosting could have negative health consequences not only for
“ghostees” but for “ghosters,” says lead researcher Michaela Forrai of the University
of Vienna. our friends provide social support in tough times, and ghosting a friend
might take away that support when we’re faced with significant challenges. We
might also feel guilty after ghosting a friend, because most people view ghosting as
pretty inappropriate, and that could make you feel worse about yourself as a person
—another potential depressant.
A- The test is illustrating how ghosting impacts every one’s life.
B- People with high self-esteem might be more likely to engage in ghosting
despite the potential harm for ghostees,
C- Young adults with higher levels of self-esteem were more likely to ghost
friends than those with lower self-esteem.
D- It argues ghosting someone isn’t complex.
16- Discoveries have helped us understand and treat the true
causes of many illnesses. We’ve heard it argued that rising rates
of diagnoses of mental illness constitute evidence that
psychology is failing, but in fact, the opposite is true: We’re
seeing more and better diagnoses of problems that would have
compelled previous generations to dismiss people as “stupid” or
“crazy” or “hyper” or “blue.” The important thing to bear in mind
is that it took a very, very long time for science to come to these
insights and treatments, following much trial and error.
A- Science isn’t a faith, but rather a method that takes time to unfold.
B- Scientists know this, and they are trained to react very skeptically to every
new paper.
C- it’s very common for findings to seem to contradict each other.
D- An experiment that suggests stress reduces empathy.
17-
Now that you have an understanding of how habits form, let’s turn
attention to changing-them. Consider the following situation.
Every day after class you go to Starbucks to hang out with friends instead of going to
the library to study. The behavioural patterns we repeat most often are literally
etched into our neural pathways. You know that you need to spend a couple hours
each day studying but socializing with friends makes you happy. Your goal is to
implement a routine that accounts for more study time and yields the same happy
feeling of hanging out with friends. But how might you do that?
One way would be to convince your friends to meet in the library and spend a couple
of hours studying together. Afterward, you could treat yourselves at Starbucks.
Another routine would be to study on your own and then meet your friends at
Starbucks.
Focus on replacing a negative routine (going to Starbucks before studying) with a
healthier one (studying before going to Starbucks).
By changing these routines, you keep the reward of socializing with your friends
while gaining new ones: earning better grades. By changing your routine, you
increase your chances of earning multiple rewards.
A- The passage is identifying a habit you would like to change immediately.
B- Changing loop of habits will change your change your life in a better way.
C- It is indicating when did the habit begin, or when do you first remember doing
it?
D- Habits change over time and helps in generating new social relationship
18-
Tomatoes and processed tomato products like tomato sauce and
canned tomatoes protect against some types of cancer. The cancer-
preventing properties of tomato products have been attributed to
lycopene. It is a bright red pigment found in tomatoes and other red
fruits and is the cause of their red color. processing of tomatoes
increases the concentration of lycopene. Lycopene in tomato paste
is four times more than in fresh tomatoes. This is because lycopene
is insoluble in water and is tightly bound to vegetable fiber.
Processed tomato products such as pasteurized tomato juice, so up,
sauce, and ketchup contain the highest concentrations of lycopene.
Cooking and crushing tomatoes as in the canning process and
serving in oil-rich dishes such as spaghetti sauce or pizza greatly
increase assimilation from the digestive tract into the bloodstream.
Lycopene is a fat-soluble substance, so the oil is said to help
absorption to a great extent.
1. According to the passage, it is true that lycopene ----.
A) can only be found in processed tomato products
B) loses its cancer-preventing property when the tomato is
processed
C) lowers the risk of having cancer only when it is consumed
together with vitamin
D) is absorbed by the body more easily when accompanied by the
oil
E) is a pigment which is solved quickly in water
19-
Tomatoes and processed tomato products like tomato sauce and
canned tomatoes protect against some types of cancer. The cancer-
preventing properties of tomato products have been attributed to
lycopene. It is a bright red pigment found in tomatoes and other red
fruits and is the cause of their red color. processing of tomatoes
increases the concentration of lycopene. Lycopene in tomato paste
is four times more than in fresh tomatoes. This is because lycopene
is insoluble in water and is tightly bound to vegetable fiber.
Processed tomato products such as pasteurized tomato juice, so up,
sauce, and ketchup contain the highest concentrations of lycopene.
Cooking and crushing tomatoes as in the canning process and
serving in oil-rich dishes such as spaghetti sauce or pizza greatly
increase assimilation from the digestive tract into the bloodstream.
Lycopene is a fat-soluble substance, so the oil is said to help
absorption to a great extent.
What is tnhe role of the underlined line in the passage.
A- It does not provides an explanation.
B- It offers an advice.
C- It illustrates it further.
D- It is asking a question.
20- The Australian prime minister has called an early election. The date was
selected to coincide with the start of the Olympic Games. This decision was
based on the views of his ministerial advisors, who predicted that voter
confidence in the government’s policies would be strong at this time.
……………..previously mentioned, decisions on the timing of elections are based
on predictions of voter confidence in the existing government.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English?
A- Because
B- Since
C- Therefore
D- Furthermore
21- The color of animals is by no means a matter of chance; it depends on
many considerations, but in the majority of cases tends to protect the animal
from danger by rendering it less conspicuous. Perhaps it may be said that if
coloring is mainly protective, there ought to be but few brightly colored animals.
……………………., however, not a few cases in which vivid colors are themselves
protective. The kingfisher itself, though so brightly colored, is by no means easy
to see. The blue harmonizes with the water, and the bird as it darts along the
stream looks almost like a flash of sunlight.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English?
A) They’re
B) It’s
C) There’re
D) Its
22- When the morning light comes, they creep down the stem of the food
plant, and lie concealed among the thick herbage and dry sticks and leaves,
near the ground, and it is obvious that under such circumstances the brown color
really becomes a protection. It might indeed be argued that the caterpillars,
having become brown, concealed themselves on the ground, and that we were
reversing the state of things. ……………………………… while we may say as a
general rule that large caterpillars feed by night and lie concealed by day, it is
by no means always the case that they are brown; some of them still retaining
the green color.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English?
A- But this is not so, because,
B- But this is not so, because
C- Because it is,
D- Therefore, it can be deduced
23-
The color of animals is by no means ………… it depends on many
considerations, but in the majority of cases tends to protect the animal
from danger by rendering it less conspicuous. Perhaps it may be said
that if coloring is mainly protective, there ought to be but few brightly
colored animals. There are, however, not a few cases in which vivid
colors are themselves protective. The kingfisher itself, though so
brightly colored, is by no means easy to see. The blue harmonizes with
the water, and the bird as it darts along the stream looks almost like a
flash of sunlight.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English?
A- a matter of chance;
B- a matter of chance,
C- a matter of chance:
D- a matter of chance
24- Desert animals are generally the color of the desert. Thus, for
instance, the lion, the antelope, and the wild donkey are all sand-
colored. “Indeed,” says Canon Tristram, “in the desert, where
neither trees, brushwood, nor even undulation of the surface afford
the slightest protection to its foes, a modification of color
assimilated to that of the surrounding country is absolutely
necessary. …………, without exception, the upper plumage of every
bird, and also the fur of all the smaller mammals and the skin of all
the snakes and lizards, is of one uniform sand color.”
Which choice completes the text with the most
logical transition?
A) Hence,
B) consequently,
C) secondly,
D) for example,
25- 5. While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
■Digestion means the breakdown of food.
■ There are two kinds of digestion: chemical and mechanical.
■ Chemical digestion is the breakdown of food through enzymes and hormones.
■ Mechanical digestion is simply breaking down the food into smaller pieces.
In the mouth, chewing (a mechanical digestive process) is the main type of
digestion that occurs, but small amounts of salivary amylase are released to
chemically degrade starches.
The student wants to point out a similarity between chemical and mechanical
digestion. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the
notes to accomplish this goal?
(A) Chemical and mechanical digestion equally contribute to the digestion that
takes place in the mouth.
(B) While mechanical digestion is more prevalent in the mouth, chemical
digestion is more prevalent in the intestines.
(C) Both mechanical and chemical digestion involve breaking down food.
(D) Saliva is used as a key component of both mechanical and chemical
digestion.
26-
1. While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
■People hold their writing utensil in many ways.
■ A functional grasp is one that produces legible writing and does not cause pain or ineffi- ciency for
the writer.
■ An inefficient grasp can cause illegible writing, pain, very slow writing, and excessive fatigue when
writing.
■ Three common functional writing utensil grasps are dynamic tripod, quadrupod, and modi- fied
tripod.
■Many people write using a grasp that falls outside of the common functional grasps. As long as the
unique grasp is functional for the individual and not inefficient, there is no cause for concern.
The student wants to emphasize the potential negative consequences if someone does not hold a
pen properly. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accom- plish
this goal?
(A) An inefficient grasp is less preferable than a functional one.
(B) Individuals can decide as to what type of grasp best suits them.
(C) Without a proper grasp of the writing utensil, pain, fatigue, and slow writing may result.
(D) Increased legibility might be an undesirable outcome of not holding a pen properly.
27-
The articles published in thes newspapers are written by
experienced journalists who conduct thorough research before
presenting the information to readers. As a result, you can
trust that the content is reliable and accurate. By reading
different sections of an English newspaper such as business or
science, you can expand your understanding of complex topics
related to finance or technological advancements. ………….,
opinion pieces written by experts provide diverse viewpoints
on current issues which can broaden your perspective and
encourage critical thinking.
Which choice completes the text with the most
logical transition?
A) Hence,
B) Consequently,
C) However,
D) Moreover,
