THE REINTEGRATION CHALLENGES FACED BY TEENAGERS WITH CONFLICT WITH THE

LAW RESIDING IN ALABANG, MUNTINLUPA CITY.

In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the students of

Humanities and Social Sciences strand

Smith Jefferson R. Nazareno, Emperatriz Jumeirah Pate,Charles B. Bañal, Crystal L.

Dingal, Jackie D. Magundayao, Samantha Irish B. Pacuan

Humanities and Social Sciences Strand, Senior Highschool

LYCEUM OF ALABANG, INC.

Mr. Niel Celestino M. Ochoa, LPT

NOVEMBER 2024
 RECOMMENDATION FOR ORAL EXAMINATION

This undergraduate research entitled THE REINTEGRATION CHALLENGES FACED BY

TEENAGERS WITH CONFLICT WITH THE LAW RESIDING IN ALABANG, MUNTINLUPA
CITY

Pacuan, S. In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Humanities and Social Sciences Strand

has been examined and is recommended for oral examination.

Mr. Niel Celestino M. Ochoa, LPT

Research Adviser

APROVAL BY THE PANEL OF EXAMINERS

After a thorough discussion of this research paper, the panel of experts do hereby
recommended that this research be accepted and approved as a fulfillment for Humanities and
Social Sciences Strand.

Chairperson Chairperson
Chairperson Chairperson

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Humanities and Social
Sciences Strand.

Engr. Rodrigo P. Calapan, mAEd, LPT

Mr. Neil Celestino M. Ochoa

SHS Research Cluster Head Senior High School Principal

prepared and submitted by Nazareno, S., Pate, E., Bañal, C., Dingal, C., Magundayao, J.,
CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that to best of my knowledge and

belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material to

which a substantial has been accepted for award of any other degree or diploma of a school or

other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgement is made in the text. I also

declare that the intellectual content of this research is the product of my word, even though I may

have received assistance from others on style, presentation and language expression.

Smith Jefferson R. Nazareno Crystal L, Dingal

Emperatriz Jumeirah Pate Jackie D. Magundayao

Charles B. Bañal Samantha Irish B. Pacuan

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We, the researchers, express our sincere appreciation to all who contributed to the successful

completion of this research.

Their support and contributions were invaluable. We especially thank the key informants.

Their active participation in gathering the necessary information was crucial to the study's

conclusion. Our gratitude extends to our research instructor, Mr. Neil Celestino M. Ochoa. His

guidance and supervision were instrumental in honing our skills and knowledge. We also thank

our families and friends.

Their patience, understanding, encouragement, and support fueled our determination throughout

the research process. Finally, and most importantly, we give thanks to Almighty God for the

guidance and light that made this research project possiblez

 DEDICATION

The researchers of this paper dedicate this to their family who encouraged them

throughout the making of the study. It is also dedicated to the teachers, especially to Mr . Niel

Celestino M. Ochoca , who guided the researchers throughout the study, by supervising them --

giving feedback and valuable lectures. To the friends of the researchers, the researchers would

like to mention our unwavering gratitude for giving support to us and lending us the instruments

and tools that aided our research making. The researchers would also thank the school, Lyceum

of Alabang for honing the abilities of students with profe ssional teachers and administrators that

shaped the environment and excellence of the school.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Approval Sheet

Certificate of Originality

Acknowledgement

Dedication

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: the Problem and its Background 1

Background of the Study 1

Rationale 6

Objectives of the study 7

Research Questions 7

Assumptions 8

Theoretical Framework 8

Scope and Delimitations 9

Significance of the Study 10

Definition of Terms 11

Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature 19

Synthesis of Literature and Studies 19

Research Gap 20

Chapter 3: Research Methodology 21

Research Design 21

Respondents of the study 22

Sampling Technique 22

Research Instrument 22

Data Gathering Procedure 23

Data Analysis 23

Ethical Consideration 24
Chapter 4: Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data 25

Challenges Faced by Teenagers and Their Interactions with the Law and 25

the DSWD in Alabang, Muntinlupa City: An Analysis for the Academic Year 2024-2025.

Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendation 37

Conclusions 37

Recommendations 38

REFERENCE LIST 40
 ABSTRACT

This study explores the reintegration challenges faced by teenagers in conflict with the law residing

in Alabang, Muntinlupa City. Using a qualitative approach, the research examines the personal, social,

and institutional factors influencing their reintegration journey. Findings reveal that childhood trauma,

particularly experiences of abuse and neglect, significantly impacts their behaviors and ability to trust

others. Family support plays a crucial role in their rehabilitation, with some teenagers expressing a need

for greater understanding and acceptance. Peer influence also emerged as a critical factor, either

facilitating or hindering reintegration, depending on the nature of social relationships.

Moreover, access to education and employment opportunities is essential for stability and a sense of

purpose, yet societal stigma and limited resources remain significant barriers. The role of the Department

of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) in providing support is highlighted, with its programs offering

structure and rehabilitation. However, resource constraints and the lack of individualized care hinder the

effectiveness of these interventions. Some participants even found more support within DSWD facilities

than in their own families, emphasizing the need for a more family-inclusive approach.

Ultimately, the study underscores the importance of a holistic reintegration framework that extends

beyond legal and institutional support. Strengthening family relationships, enhancing educational and

vocational opportunities, and incorporating trauma-informed care are essential in helping these teenagers

rebuild their lives and successfully reintegrate into society.

 1

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Background of the study

This study explores the challenges faced by teenagers with conflict with the law residing in

Alabang, Muntinlupa City, focusing on social, economic, and educational reintegration, as well as

their views and relationship with the law. As a result, such youths often lack information about the

DSWD support services, which are essential in restoring their emotional and social well-being

during difficult economic times. According to Hernandez (2020), many adolescents in conflict with

the law face difficulties accessing rehabilitative services and support systems due to a lack of

awareness and resources, which exacerbates their challenges in reintegrating back into society.

Consequently, this study seeks to contribute best practices regarding the factors that affect the

reintegration process and advance methods in the rehabilitation of teenagers with wrongful

encounters within legal systems.

A transition of youth who have been formally violated by the law presents many challenges in

the psychological, social, and economic aspects. Refocusing specifically, this paper aims to

assess the experiences of detainees or rehab beneficiaries in Alabang, Muntinlupa City, who have

been discharged and are gradually being put back into society. These experiences are associated

with challenges like prejudice and posttraumatic stress, with no distinct procedural guidelines for

developing coping mechanisms. The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)

implements necessary interventions; however, the youth do not easily avail themselves of these

services.
 2

According to Altschuler & Brash (2004), There are lots of complexities that are associated

with the reintegration of teenage offenders that come from personal and structural perspectives

of society. These young people experience immense challenges, including discrimination, limited

finances, and family and community rejection, and hence limited possible means through which

they could re-enter society. It makes them feel they are outcasts after going through the justice

system and the process of rebuilding their lives to reintegrate into society. Therefore, the

reintegration process is a complex process that should include several coordinated interventions

that will focus on the legal aspects of what has happened as well as their social, emotional, or

economic needs. Nonetheless, the reintegration difficulties that are observed in teenagers who

are sentenced for offenders are rather nuanced, and the problem lies in system dysfunctions..

According to Coren et al. (2016), millions of children living on the streets are out of skillsbased

education, making them easy prey to abuse, violence, and sickness. This lack of education is an

injustice for the inmates who are expelled right from their current position into prison; they are left

in the streets and are also denied their right to be reintegrated into society after serving their term.

It is high time that these outcast youths raised their educational levels, which would grant them a

better shot at life rather than leaving them isolated from society; reintegration programs imply the

key here. The problem faced by teens in conflict with the law is their lack of education, support

systems, and opportunities upon reintegration. These teens often encounter stigmatization,

discrimination, and limited resources, which prevent them from successfully rejoining society.

As a result, many fall back into criminal behavior or remain marginalized. Also, social support

fails since these teenagers lack adequate support systems socially and emotionally due to

unacceptable behavior from families, peers, and communities. Lack of supremacy of effective

personality and positive reference only strengthens their feeling of isolation and disheartening

consequences. In addition, when they are released and try to reintegrate, they are provided with

a limited education, health facilities, and employment opportunities, which alienates them from
 3

other individuals in the society, relegating them to a life of misfortune. The problem of no access

to skills development and vocational programs compels many youthful offenders to engage in low-

wage-paid jobs and subsequently be compelled into more underemployment, job insecurity, then

probation violation, and reincarceration due to lack of jobs.

However, early intervention is considered an essential stakeholder in helping to reduce the

probability of juvenile delinquency. Menon and Cheung (2018) have noted that if early intervention

is not implemented, young people end up being stuck in the criminal justice system waiting for

them as they grow up. This perspective is particularly relevant when considering the reintegration

phase because it is all about the workplace designing direction aimed at preventing the causes

behind counterphobic actions. In the context of juvenile justice, these systemic issues become

particularly problematic as young offenders face difficulties in transitioning back into society.

Without appropriate intervention or support, many remain trapped in a cycle of criminality, which

highlights the importance of effective juvenile justice policies and programs aimed at

rehabilitation.

Additionally, one of the problems that are to be solved is the absence of coordination between

different agencies and organizations acting in the sphere of rehabilitation. In most cases, the

reintegration process lacks collaboration and continuity between the Department of Social Welfare

and Development (DSWD), local government units, schools, and partner nongovernment

organizations. This lack of unity in effort somehow hampers the overall conduct of reintegration

programs, making teenagers fend for themselves in this difficult phase. Besides, there is no long-

term follow-up or consistent coaching and support from independent sources organized after the

first reintegration, which results in feelings of abandonment that hinder the youths from embracing

the right lifestyles.

 4

The systemic constraints also contribute to the difficulties of reintegration within the juvenile

justice system. Authors Lubna Rawanda and Idrees (2021) note that the implementation of local

and international laws and regulations in the Philippines is generally poor, primarily due to strict

laws that restrict the educational and employment rights of youths in conflict with the law. These

systemic barriers hinder the reintegration process by limiting the support young people need to

reconstruct their lives and successfully reintegrate into society. Associated with criminal records,

these adolescents still face the ordeal of being rejected in the marketplace, in the employment

sector, in schools, colleges, or by their own families reluctant to have anything to do with such

crooks. The stigma continues to lock them out in a cycle and ensures that it becomes very hard

for these young people to have a stable future. Social reintegration thus becomes not only a task

that concerns the individual but a problem that manifests on the social level due to the higher

chances of the continued criminal pastime and exclusion of these youths. The existing acceptance

of former offenders in society also hinders the integration of such adolescents in society, and the

existing social and cultural standards all contribute to the entrenchment of the social exclusion of

such young people.

Furthermore, according to the National Institute of Justice (2022), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

(CBT) is effective in treating behavioral problems in children. CBT helps a young offender to

change their negative way of thinking, which in turn helps to bring down high rates of reoffending.

The rationale for using such therapeutic techniques in reintegration programs for young offenders

is that they may give the teenagers coping skills for life after incarceration. Other notable

paradigms of therapy that should enable improved reintegration are the overall personality-

enriching approaches that include life skills acquisition, peer counseling, and job skill training.

Hoping to affect the psychological, emotional, as well as logistic sides of reintegration, these

programs intended to provide teenagers with the proper tools to avoid making unwise life

decisions and thus become productive members of society. It should also encompass emotional
 5

and social skills and thought processes relevant to effective adjustment to social-related and

working environments. These life skills do not only assist in behavior change but also assist in

personality change, confidence, self-control, and coping skills in adolescents.

Another is the need to involve community members in the reintegration process and/or

programs. To ensure that young individuals change, community support programs like mentorship

and volunteerism will help mentor the youths/young individuals, support them, and more so ensure

they regain hope in changing for the better. These programs are useful in fostering a favorable

environment for the youths to establish new and healthy selves, which can fit into society, hence

enhancing a high level of reintegration. Further, the agency found that a high level of identified

community attachment can assist in reducing the traumatic memories of those past events and

give the youths the ability to rebuild their assessed sense of worth. Whereas when the youths are

reintegrated by families, local business entities, schools, and service providers, this makes it

difficult for the youths to easily relapse into similar behaviors.

Lastly, education has a very important role to play in the reintegration process. Education as

well as vocational training is one of the cornerstones in helping young offenders to reintegrate into

society and seek employment. Such programs prepare youths in such a way that they will enable

them to find jobs upon release from prison, hence minimizing the chances of reoffending. As such,

educational development is an effective way of ensuring that people gain the aptitude required in

future undertakings since many such projects involve structured learning. In addition, educational

achievements may help to counter negative self-stereotypes, as achievement, purpose, and

direction thus play an important role in combating the stigma of a criminal record.
 6

Rationale

This study explores the reintegration challenges faced by teenagers with conflicts with the law

residing in Alabang, Muntinlupa City. It focuses on the social, emotional, and behavioral issues

these adolescents experience as they reintegrate into society after being involved in legal matters.

The study aims to examine the obstacles they face, including engaging in illegal activities due to

factors like unemployment, low self-esteem, and difficulties in rebuilding relationships with family,

peers, and educational institutions. By understanding these challenges, the research will also look

into the effectiveness of support systems provided by the Department of Social Welfare and

Development (DSWD) and assess the role of community and educational institutions in the

reintegration process. The goal is to identify key areas for improvement and offer

recommendations to better support these adolescents as they navigate their reintegration journey.

As part of this research —the strategies for the integration of juvenile offenders into society will

also be examined with special reference to the community and the educational institutions as

positive or negative frameworks for the rehabilitation of adolescents. In its context, it will introduce

and analyze existing community programs, peer support and school-adjusted measures to

combat whatever’s the root of delinquency: poverty, family crisis, lack of schooling etc. While

working with the adolescents and conducting interviews with teachers, social workers and parents

of the participants the study aims to present a study of the complex nature of the issue concerning

adolescents. The research aims to analyze and examine the challenges of these teenagers

reintegrated.
 7

Objectives of the study

In conducting the study, it aims to explore the reintegration challenges faced by teenagers in

conflict with the law. To achieve this goal, we have outlined the following objectives:

• To evaluate the effectiveness of the support structures, such as counseling and

rehabilitation programs provided by DSWD, in assisting the reintegration process of

these teenagers

• To identify the social and behavioral challenges that teenagers face during their

reintegration process, focusing on difficulties with social norms, family dynamics, peer

interactions, and adapting to school and community life.

• To assess the impact of behavioral challenges these teenagers experience as they

reintegrate into society, particularly regarding their interactions with others, their ability

to follow societal rules, and their overall adjustment to daily life.

Research Questions

This study seeks to analyze the reintegration challenges faced by teenagers in conflict with

the law (DSWD) in Alabang, Muntinlupa City, Specifically, the researchers aim to answer the

following question:

1. What challenges do teenagers, and how are these challenges related to their interactions

with the law and the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) in Alabang,

Muntinlupa City?
 8

Assumptions

The study focuses on THE REINTEGRATION CHALLENGES FACED BY TEENAGERS

WITH CONFLICT WITH THE LAW RESIDING IN ALABANG, MUNTINLUPA CITY. The

teenagers who reintegrate from the conflict with the law is beneficial to study in terms of…

• The researchers assumed that the teenagers who face serious ongoing economic

challenges are likely to experience difficulties with reintegration.

• Psychological problems, such as PTSD and anxiety, may contribute to the challenges

adolescents face in meeting societal expectations during their rehabilitation.

• Teenagers who use DSWD services, including counseling and rehabilitation, are generally

more supported in their reintegration process compared to those who do not seek help

from this agency.

• Peer interaction plays a positive role in the reintegration outcomes of teenagers who have
been in conflict with the law.

Theoretical framework

Social Learning Theory

In the study conducted by Haslam et al. (2018), the information that stood out was that

reintegration is pertinent in providing insight into how people perceive themselves or are

perceived by others through the groups most likely to influence their behaviors. This means

that those teenagers in conflict with the law can foster good behavior or trigger negative

actions because they are strongly affiliated with certain groups. If the youth inflate themselves

in groups that are involved in criminal activities, they will be pressured to compound their

misfortune due to a feeling of belongingness. On the other hand, positive and supportive

groups can assist them in the right decision-making and also assist with reformation.
 9

Considering the difficulties of youth returning to the life of the community as delinquent

teenagers from Alabang, Muntinlupa City, the concept of social identity is critical. Some of

these teenagers may have grown up in homes that have a lot of negative role models, which

makes it very hard for them to change ill-health behaviors. Many of them may be

recommended for reintegration upon their release, but the presence of favorable peer

relationships is likely to encourage and assist them. Understanding the interactions that these

teenagers have must be focused on so that they are assisted with the particular challenges

they face with regards to the DSWD, for example, and how the best reintegration programs

can be provided to them to ensure they do not reoffend again.

Scope and Delimitation

This study will focus on the reintegration challenges faced by teenagers who have been

involved in legal matters and are in the process of reintegration into society, specifically those

residing in Alabang, Muntinlupa City. The research will primarily focus on individuals who have

previously been under the custody of the Department of Social Welfare and Development

(DSWD) and are currently reintegrating back into their communities.

The scope of this research includes teenagers who have encountered reintegration

challenges, such as problems in family relationships, difficulties at school, or re-engagement

in conflicts with the law. The study will gather qualitative data through interviews and

observations to better understand the social and psychological challenges these adolescents

face.

This research will exclude teenagers who, after being reintegrated, do not report any

significant challenges or have not experienced reintegration-related difficulties. It will also not

cover individuals outside the specified age group of teenagers, nor will it include those who
 10

were not in DSWD custody during their rehabilitation. Additionally, the study will not explore

the broader aspects of juvenile justice or community-wide interventions but will focus

specifically on the personal challenges of the reintegration process faced by the selected

group.

Significance of the study

The results of this study will benefit the following:

Students - This study will help the student increased awareness of reintegration

challenges and their impact on conflict with the law and Improve understanding of personal

strengths and vulnerabilities.

Teachers - This study will help teachers enhanced understanding of students'

reintegration challenges. Improved teaching practices, addressing specific student needs. Assess

an effective referral and support systems for at-risk students and contribute to safer, more

supportive learning environments.

Parents and Guardians - This study will help the parents and guardians increase

awareness of teenage reintegration challenges, Enhanced parent-child relationships through

informed communication and Access to resources and support services for their children and

empowerment to advocate for their children's needs.

Future Researchers - This study will help future researchers to contribute to the existing

body of knowledge on teenage reintegration, gain insights into effective research methodologies

and approaches and understanding of the complex relationships between reintegration

challenges and conflict with the law and assess foundation for further studies on juvenile justice

and reintegration.
 11

Definition of terms

The following words used in the study are defined operationally by the researchers for much easy

understanding.

Reintegration – -The process of reintroducing individuals into society after a period of detention

or rehabilitation, helping them adjust to social norms and rebuild relationships.

Teenagers in conflict with the law -Teenagers who have been involved in criminal activities

Social stigma – -Negative judgment and discrimination faced by individuals due to their past

involvement in criminal behavior.

DSWD (Department of Social Welfare and Development) – A government agency in the

Philippines that provides support and rehabilitation services for vulnerable groups, including youth

in conflict with the law.

Support systems – -Resources and services provided to assist individuals, such as counseling,

rehabilitation, and community support, to help them reintegrate into society.

 12

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES

This chapter consists of review of related literature and studies that the researchers

considered to give strength and foundation on the importance of the current study. It also presents

the synthesis to fully comprehend the research for better understanding of the study.

Reintegration as theory

Reintegration theory creates a new environment of relationship. The theory emphasizes the

importance of addressing the underlying social, economic, and psychological factors that

contribute to criminal behavior. One key framework is Restorative justice, which tackles the things

that need to be done to repair harmful events. Restorative processes include victim-offender

mediation, conferencing and circles; restorative outcomes include an apology, amends to the

victim and amends to the community. (Daniel, 2016) Social Bond Theory (James, 2007) studies

how individuals with strong bond relationships with their family, friends, and society are the most

likely not to commit crimes. This bond is essential since it plays a vital role in every one of us;

having good people around and helps and influences to do good things; surrounding ourselves

with these kinds of people will surely help us to create meaningful connections.

Another theory that will help to understand this study better is the labeling theory, which

refers to acting the way society labels you to be. This can cause a lot of individuals to act the way

society sees them or call them. (Jón, 2019). One perspective to that is when an individual is

labeled as someone who's a "criminal", it can be a huge influence on them to act that way because

of feeling triggered. (Ken, 2001).

 13

Theories of conflict with the law

This theory deals with the unfair justice system of those individuals who are less privileged

to fight for their own sake. Some people also believe that the majority of those who are

marginalized are the ones who tend to do illegal activities due to life challenges. (Anthony, 1978).

Labeling theory also plays a vital role in this conflict since the negative labels that they're

known for will make it harder for them to defend and protect themselves from the accusations.

(Nathaniel, 2012) This will cause them to struggle even more and make it harder for them to

receive the fair treatment that they deserve in the legal systems. (Emily & Mark, 2013).

Characteristics and social engagement in reintegration and conflict with the law (dswd)

In this part of the research this is where it discusses the Teenagers: Characteristics and

Social Engagement Coren et al. (2016) stated that Millions of street-connected children worldwide

are not getting skills-based education, making them vulnerable to exploitation, violence,

substance abuse, and health problems. The aim of interventions targeting risk reduction,

advocating for healthy and stable lifestyles, and ensuring access to education is to enhance

opportunities for this population and prevent their social exclusion. While according to Menon and

Cheung (2018) This Study is relevant to our research because it suggests that if early intervention

is not pursued, the juvenile delinquency may result in the young person's or teenager’s eventual

adult involvement in the criminal justice system. This research evidence supporting the

development of a desistance-focused in pathway for juvenile offenders to positively come back

again in society is identified in this study. It looks at the abandonment in elements of treatment

plans and resources that assist ex-offenders in successfully reintegrating into society. On the

Researchers findings Ashwill R. (2019) It would simplify the process of understanding the

criminogenic risk factors that lead to adolescent misbehavior. This information would be utilized
 14

to create fresh regulations and protocols, adjust current policies and intervention schemes, and

ultimately decrease conflict.

Furthermore, Lubna Rawanda, & Idrees, M. (2021) decided to offer a portrayal of the world

through the eyes of those who are impacted of teenagers that has conflict with law. The findings

indicate that the juvenile justice system in the Philippines has not completely enforced local and

international regulations due to the existence of strict emergency laws like the Public Safety Act

(PSA) and the Armed Forces Special Protection Act (AFSPA), hindering issues such as access to

education and employment. While the other investigation of Solmayor, J., & Embornas, A. (2024)

Their encounters and experiences with Bahay Pag-Asa's program for diversion and rehabilitation.

They showed that the length of their time in custody depended on the details of their case and

their adherence to the program's requirements. The regimented daily schedule included various

rehabilitation exercises, offering guidance, support, personal growth, and spiritual help to help

individuals overcome obstacles. It motivated them to change, gave them the belief that living a

good life was important, and gave them guidance. Their dreams indicated a restored sense of

structure, and their ambitions helped them discover the meaning of life. Peralta, C. O., &

Dominguez, J. N. (2020) This study aims to evaluate the differences in aggression levels before

and after being exposed to AMP by comparing pre- and post-mean scores for aggression. The

findings indicated that the addition of therapy sessions targeted issues surrounding violent

conduct, including both verbal and physical aggressive responses exhibited by the participants.

While Manuel, E. S. (2019) pointed out the Program implementers said that casework and little

financial support were the program's biggest problems. Youth who have received rehabilitation

are said to have improved their outlook on life and are handling difficulties successfully.
 15

Reintegration challenges faced by children

National Institute of Justice (2022) This article states that one of the effective treatments

for youths with anger and aggression problems is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). This

treatment enables youths to recognize and change adverse ways of thinking that make them

engage in delinquent acts. This research further unravels how a multisystemic therapy (MST) by

engaging the offender's social system, including both family and community systems, in an

allinclusive manner, successfully reduces the recidivism rates of an offender. This multi-

dimensional approach is found to be far better than the incarceration-based methods that don't

even come close to preventing the same effectiveness of reoffending when actually released. And

according to Gogua (2020) This article gives a general overview on the rehabilitation programs of

the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) in such ways. With the aim of social

reintegration, both for the rehabilitation and offender support, it outlined how to reintegrate the

juvenile offenders into society focusing on socio-economic challenges that tag along. With

community-based initiatives, the topics of life skills, emotional stability, and effective social

reintegration were highlighted with aims of social rehabilitation for juveniles convicted in courts.

As well as Alampay (2020) stated the purpose of the study was aimed to nurture early intervention

programs focused on children and their families that hold the aim to reduce delinquent behavior.

Integration of such children within society demands a holistic approach that considers legal,

educational, and psychological support for such purposes. Along with recommending early

intervention, the study also advices proactive measures to identified risk factors. Therefore, basic

characteristics would be the family-centered approach since family-based participation may be

helpful for rehabilitation work with young people at risk. The holistic approach further emphasizes

the necessity of cooperation between service sectors with possible inclusion of social services as

well as educational institutions to develop an integrated support system that satisfies various

needs among risky youth.

 16

Additionally, The study shows that combining Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) with

Aggression Management Programs significantly reduces aggressive behavior in juvenile

offenders (Peralta & Dominguez, 2020). While Narag and De Guzman (2011) The study showed

that the interaction of youngsters with such legal institutions negatively impacts them and

increases the chances of delinquent behavior among youngsters, the approach to juvenile justice

needs to be reformed to create a more positive perception of the legal system. Menon, S. E., &

Cheung, M. (2018) Access when early intervention is made into breaking the cycle of juvenile

delinquency, no early precursors will lead them into the adult criminal justice system. Therefore,

without timely and targeted reintegration effort, young offenders would be more likely to commit

crimes, and their legal consequences would be in the long-term. And lastly Bahay Pag-Asa for

Children in Conflict with the Law (2024) The article includes testimonies of several young

offenders who are, in themselves, CICLs, and they came from Bahay Pag-asa, which is located

in Muntinlupa City. And through these testimonies, one could understand how the structured daily

routines, a discipline-focused environment, and educational programs all help the youth find

purpose and hope for the future again. For example, in their declarations, CICLs state that by

attending school they learn basic life skills, regain their discipline, and pay attention to education.

Education or the ability of an end-forced learner to focus is a significant feature for their

reintegration into society. Holisticness-doing something includes education or personal

development-work changes their lives.

The reintegration of teenagers and its conflict with law (dswd)

The studies conducted on reintegration programs for children in conflict with the law in the

Philippines include community support and individualized services. The name of the positive youth

development program is Transitional Living For Effective Reintegration (TransFER), which is

explained by Bicarme (2011) and may also serve as a helpful example of how and why individual

approaches and work with communities are effective in cases of troubled youth with legal issues.
 17

Not only does this endeavor enable the children to join their families and other children in society

but it also assists in getting other projects started in different parts of the country. Substituting this,

Fabre et al. (2016) highlighted the ever-increasing significance of sustainable development and

also the call for complex intervention efforts to combat the needs of CICL through primary,

secondary, and tertiary levels of interventions. It is essential to other caseworkers that other local

government agencies and social workers are involved to encourage cooperation and ensure that

young offenders get the services they need once they are released.

Some of these are Manuel (2019) and Embornas & Solmayor (2024) discovered more about

the effects and the life experiences of rehabilitation programs and the Lives of reformed CICLs.

Manuel also emphasizes that within CLS, rehabilitation helps in expanding peoples’ abilities to

cope with their emotions; however, it faces challenges such as lack of funds, which opposes

program enhancement. However, the qualitative study by Embornas & Solmayor shows how hope

with a fold of self-determination greatly enhances the positive results of these youths despite the

limited support. Valerio (2012) also noted that educational institutions can also become involved

in these initiatives by coordinating with the communities and the multiple aspects of concern of

CICL. Finally, according to Dealagdon et al. (2016), it is critical to recognize that juveniles develop

improper attitudes toward the pin. The imprudent behavior is provoked by unhealthy family

relationships, peer pressure, and the resulting delinquent behavior, which should be taken into

consideration when trying to design recovery programs, that will help juveniles, who are released

from prison, to maintain proper lifestyles and not re-offend.

Challenges and barriers in reintegration and conflict with the law (dswd)

In this study, the practices of social workers in addressing the complex needs of children in

conflict with the law are explained. Suerte et al. (2023) stated that significant challenges faced by
 18

social workers include limited resources, ethical dilemmas, and difficulties in building rapport.

These obstacles affect the effectiveness and sustainability of interventions.

According to Ariyani, W., & Susilowati, H. (2021), this study focuses on the challenges that

community advisors face in trying to divert children at the Penitentiary Center of Pati Regency

who are in conflict with the law. These challenges must be overcome so that justice, legal certainty,

and benefits can be realized for all parties. Legal protection is not only given to children who are

in conflict with the law but also to the victims.

Lynch, N., & Liefaard, T. (2020) stated that children’s rights are now an established

academic discipline, with the study of children in conflict with the law being a fundamental area of

analysis. This paper highlights three areas of development in children’s rights scholarship in

relation to the criminal justice system: children’s rights, developmental science, and notable

themes emerging from cross-national scholarship, including age limits, diversion, effective

participation, and deprivation of liberty. Despite collective research on aggression, there is a

dearth of fully established psychosocial programs for children in conflict with the law (CICL), as

stated by Peralta, C. O., & Dominguez, J. N. (2020). This study also explains the use of a

quasiexperimental design, where researchers administered interventions and conducted

repeated measures to assess the effectiveness of AMP through combined approaches of CBT-

EFT in reducing aggression levels.

Additionally, Rivera Garcia, O. B. (2019) explains the situation of migrant teenagers in

conflict with the law, using the Mexicali treatment center for teenagers as an empirical reference.

incarcerated. Furthermore, Bulatao, A. R. Y. (2023) declared that having hope and aspirations

can serve as a driving force for children to lead a flourishing life. This study aimed to explore the

concept of hope and aspirations among children in conflict with the law (CICL).
 19

This group faces several accumulated vulnerabilities and is often involved in crimes while being

Finally, Manuel, E. S. (2019) determined the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs provided

under Republic Act 9344 for children in conflict with the law. The effective program included formal

and non-formal education and better ways of dealing with emotions. Program implementers

reported challenges such as casework and limited financial assistance. Rehabilitated youth

indicated that they had adopted a better perspective on life and were coping with problems more

effectively.

Synthesis

According to (Daniel, 2016) Reintegration theory focuses on rebuilding relationships by

addressing the social, economic, and psychological causes of criminal behavior, aiming to

reintegrate offenders into society. And regarding to (James, 2007) The theory suggests that

individuals with strong, supportive bonds with family, friends, and society are less likely to

commit crimes, because these relationships influence positive behavior and help develop

meaningful connections. Lubna Rawanda, & Idrees, M. (2021) Discusses the study presents

the perspective of teenagers involved in legal conflicts, revealing how the juvenile justice

system in the Philippines fails to fully enforce local and international regulations. This is due

to the impact of strict emergency laws like the Public Safety.

(Anthony, 1978). Explore that this theory is biased justice system that is not a same weight

affects the less privileged. a counterargument suggests that marginalization, driven by life's

hardships, may lead some to illegal activities. While (Nathaniel, 2012) states the labeling

theory highlights how unfair and untrue self-defense against accusations. this compounding

disadvantage further obstructs access to fair legal treatment.

 20

Lastly, (Coren et al., 2016) state the study of this research examines the characteristics

and social engagement of teenagers, particularly street-connected children. The lack of

skillsbased education leaves these vulnerable youth susceptible to exploitation, violence, and

health issues.

Xii. Research gap

The review of related literature highlights important progress in understanding the

reintegration of juvenile offenders, especially in the Philippines. Theories like Restorative

Justice, Social Bond Theory, and Labeling Theory explain the social, economic, and

psychological factors that affect young offenders. Interventions such as early education, family

involvement, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) are recognized as key to successful

reintegration (Lee et al., 2016; Coren et al., 2016; Menon & Cheung, 2018). However, there

is a lack of research on the long-term effects of these programs, particularly in relation to how

local laws and cultural factors, such as social stigma and economic struggles, impact the

reintegration process. Additionally, while existing studies focus on rehabilitation programs and

the need for social workers, there is limited research on the practical challenges (e.g., lack of

resources, insufficient funding, and ethical issues) that affect reintegration. These challenges

are often major obstacles to successful rehabilitation. This study aims to fill these gaps by

examining how these issues affect the reintegration process and exploring ways to improve

the alignment between local and national strategies to better support young offenders after

their release.
 21

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter gives the study's research methodologies. It contains information about the key

informants, such as the criteria for inclusion in the study, their identities, and how they would be

sampled. The tools that will be utilized for data collection are also detailed, as are the procedures

that will be followed for carrying out this investigation. The researcher also goes over the

procedures that will be utilized to examine the data that will be collected.

Research Design

This study employs a phenomenological research design to explore and interpret The

reintegration challenges faced by teenagers with conflict with the law residing in Alabang,

Muntinlupa city., focusing on the challenges they face during their reintegration into society. This

approach allows for an in-depth understanding of their perspectives and the complexities of their

reintegration process. The phenomenological design will facilitate the collection of detailed data

through in-depth semi-structured interviews. These interviews will aim to uncover the essential

themes and patterns within the participants' experiences, providing insights into the specific

obstacles they encounter. The data gathered will be analyzed using thematic analysis to identify

recurring patterns and meanings within the narratives.

.
 22

Respondents of the study

The participants of the study will consist of 3 teenagers who have experienced high

environmental expectations at Alabang, Muntinlupa City. The researchers have conducted the

study in Alabang, Muntinlupa City. The target of the research will be those teenagers who

reintegrate from being convicted with law or who have conflict with the law; the researchers will

be asking questions that will determine the possible benefits and disadvantages it offers to

teenagers who are reintegrated. The data obtained from Alabang Muntinlupa City is combined to

contribute to new knowledge regarding this topic.

Sampling Technique

In this study, the researchers will be using purposive sampling and will select respondents

according to their purpose such as teenagers who experienced the reintegration challenges and

its relationship to the conflict with the Law (DSWD) residing in Alabang, Muntinlupa City S.Y 2024-

2025.

Research Instrument

An observation guide is a device that includes criteria or a list of items to be observed or

evaluated during an experiment or event. It can be used to capture observations or facts on actual

happenings. One on one interviews which are interviews that allow the researcher to have

flexibility in the way we ask questions were utilized in interviewing the teenagers and their

relationship to the conflict with law (DSWD) residing in Alabang, Muntinlupa City S.Y 2024-2025.

The researchers aim to get the needed data for the said investigation.
 23

Data Gathering Procedure

After the researchers' selection of the key informants using purposive sampling, each of

the respondents will receive a consent form before the interview, which will act as official

documentation of their agreement for the researchers to interview them. The permission form

contains a brief summary of the study along with information about confidentiality and name

disclosure of responders both during and after the study's completion. The interviewer willnotify

The respondents when the actual interview and recording begin once they have signed the

consent form. The recorded responses will be turned into texts for examination once every

respondent has been questioned. Considering this is a phenomenological study, the researchers

will have a great deal of flexibility in creating the questions for each respondent because they will

be using semi-structured interviews. Additionally, it will allow the researchers to follow up as

needed to get further details and clarification..

Data Analysis

The researchers will use Thematic Data Analysis, a method for organizing qualitative data, will

be used to analyze the research findings. This approach involves identifying common themes and

patterns within participant responses, ultimately leading to meaningful conclusions. By focusing

on recurring themes, the researchers aim to uncover insights and gain a deeper understanding

of the data of the study entitled “THE REINTEGRATION CHALLENGES FACED BY

TEENAGERS WITH CONFLICT WITH THE LAW RESIDING IN ALABANG, MUNTINLUPA

CITY”.
 24

Ethical Consideration

In conducting this research reintegration faced by teenagers who are facing high expectations

in the conflict with the law, ethical standards were strictly maintained. By doing this, the were

informed about all the steps that were to be taken in this research. The participants were more

important than the study and were therefore always be respected. This also includes in ensuring

the participation in any programs or any interventions is entirety voluntary and that the primary

school teachers understand that their decision to participate will not have unfavorable

consequences for their teaching standing or future opportunities. the confidentiality must also be

maintained and to protect the privacy of teenagers facing the reintegration challenges. Any
 25

CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter provides the study’s comprehensive presentation of findings, analysis, and data

interpretation. It is composed by a detailed narrative of the data results of this study as well as

correlating diagrams to present the data findings of the research study.

SOP 1: Challenges Faced by Teenagers and Their Interactions with the Law and the DSWD in

Alabang, Muntinlupa City.

This chapter discusses the issues related to reintegration for teenagers in Alabang, Muntinlupa

City who have come into conflict with the law. The study sought to gain an understanding of the major

aspects which influence their experiences, including aspects such as history, family, or social networks

and resource access such as education and employment opportunities. Data collection was conducted

thru semi-structured interviews among three teenagers having interactions with the Department of

Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) in order to tell part of his or her personal experiences. For

analyzing the responses given by the respondents, the thematic data analysis has been used, which

is simultaneously able to identify the themes that common recur according to their narratives.

Several interconnected themes emerged from the interviews, which appear to drive the

reintegration processes. Childhood trauma and an imperfect family attachment appear as most likely

shapes of those experiences. Peer influence and limited educational and employment opportunities

also seem to contribute heavily to their successful reintegration. The DSWD experience also has a

major role among the participants, as what they have experienced in this organization reflects how

they see their future and how they are capable of adjusting to the anticipated norms of society.
 26

From the data collected, it became clear that the reintegration challenges faced by these

teenagers are shaped by a combination of personal, social, and institutional factors. Below are the key

themes that emerged: childhood trauma and its impact, family dynamics and support, peer influence

and social networks, educational and employment opportunities, and interactions with the DSWD, and

support systems. These themes offer valuable insights into the complexity of their reintegration journey

and emphasize the importance of providing comprehensive support systems to address both emotional

and practical challenges.

The participants' stories were marked by a profound sense of trauma, often stemming from

experiences of sexual assault and exploitation. Participant 1, for instance, shared the harrowing

experience of being sexually assaulted by a cousin at a young age, an event that left her feeling

confused, violated, and deeply impacted her self-esteem and ability to trust others. "Well, uhm, nung

7 years old ako, I have a cousin—hindi ko na papangalanan—obviously, uhm, I was r*ped here in this
 27

house actually. And my parents talked about it na, though recently lang talaga naman nila nalaman

yun nung I was 14 years old. And it's hard kasi na way na wala akong alam. I don't know what's going

on. Started like an innocent, uhm, joke, 'cause I'm playing or just watching actually. Nanonood lang

naman ako ng YouTube non, it's just an anime as I can remember. And then, nung mga time na 'yon,

it's just he was there, or he's there, ganon. And then, proceeding in doing something, and I don't know

what's really going on. As I grow up, nung mga 'yon, as I grow up, it's just confusing for me until I had

a friend and told me about those stuff, and it's like... it just ruined my whole life perspective." This

highlights the strong impact of childhood trauma on Participant 1's life. According to research by the

National Institute of Justice (2022), exposure to trauma, particularly sexual abuse, can lead to a range

of negative outcomes, including mental health issues, substance abuse, and increased risk of

engaging in criminal behavior. The experience of sexual assault left her feeling confused and violated,

and it significantly impacted her ability to trust others and form healthy relationships. The trauma she

experienced continues to shape her perspectives and actions, making it difficult for her to navigate

social situations and build a sense of security.

Participant 2, too, described being exploited by a client while working as a massage therapist, an

experience that led to her involvement with the NBI and her subsequent stay at the DSWD. "Noon kasi,

galing ako sa DSWD, inalagaan eh, ganon... 'Yon kasi ano, nagtrabaho ako noon bilang massage therapist

with extra service. Tapos may isa akong kliyente na hindi ko alam, parang NBI na pala. Tapos nag-offer s

siya ng 10k para sa massage, tapos ibo-book daw niya ako for s*x. Tapos, ang nangyari noon, binook niya

ako, sinabi niyang nag-downpayment siya ng 5k bilang proof na totoo siya at hindi daw niya ako lolokohin.

Pumunta lang daw ako. Eh, pumunta ako. Mga ilang oras na minamassage ko siya, sabi nya “ito yung

karagdagang pera na ibibigay ko sa'yo, 5k, kaya 10k na”. Tapos lumabas ako pagkatapos ng 3 hours na

massage, tapos naging massage na may extra service. Mga ilang oras, sinundan ako sa bahay namin sa

Las Piñas. Ang sinabi ng NBI, may sumunod, tapos sinundan nila ako. Nagpatawag na ng mga NBI, PDEA,

mga ganyan. Pinuntahan nila ako, dinala ako sa kwarto, tas lahat ng kasama ko dinala sa isa. Pinosasan
 28

ako noon, eh. Tapos, pagkaposas sakin, sabi, 'Wag daw akong pumalag, magsabi lang daw ako ng totoo.'"

This illustrates the vulnerability of teenagers who are often targeted and exploited due to their age and

circumstances. Participant 2's experience of being exploited while working as a massage therapist led to

her involvement with law enforcement and her subsequent stay at the DSWD. This experience further

underscores the importance of addressing the root causes of delinquency, including the vulnerability of

teenagers to exploitation. Research by Coren et al. (2016) highlights the vulnerability of street-connected

children worldwide, who are often at risk of exploitation, violence, and substance abuse due to a lack of

access to education and support. These experiences highlight the vulnerability of teenagers who are often

targeted and exploited due to their age and circumstances. The trauma they have endured has created a

sense of fear, distrust, and anger, making it difficult for them to form healthy relationships and navigate

social situations. This trauma, often left unaddressed, casts a long shadow over their reintegration

journeys.

The participants' narratives revealed a complex interplay of family dynamics, highlighting the

importance of understanding these relationships for effective reintegration. While some families offered

support and understanding, others presented challenges, leaving the teenagers feeling unsupported and

misunderstood.

Participant 1, for instance, expressed a strong desire for her family's understanding and

acceptance, emphasizing that they need to support her rather than condemn her for her past mistakes.

"Hmmmmm... Understanding, number one thing na need ng pamilya, intindihin. They won't push the

person away just because they did this. They will try to understand kasi pamilya nga, it's blood, in a way

na di ko naman sinasabi porket kadugo mo ganito na dapat gawin mo. It's like you're a family, you are

supposed to be a family, you need to help, hindi yung ibabash mo yung tao nang todong-todo, to the point

na it's just gonna ruined more. It's just gonna stop the person doing something bad na kunwari, illegal

drugs or something. They, they won't stop that as long as di nakikita yung help and yung understanding

ng pamilya about what really was going on to that person's life."

 29

Participant 1's statement emphasizes the crucial role of family support and understanding in

the reintegration process. According to Alampay (2020), family-based participation is essential for effective

rehabilitation work with young people at risk. She believes that her family's lack of understanding has

contributed to her struggles, highlighting the importance of providing a supportive environment for

teenagers who have come into conflict with the law.

Participant 2, on the other hand, describes her mother's efforts to guide her towards a positive

path, but she still feels a sense of distance and a lack of true connection.

"Parang ano, nung magulang, ano. Yung time na nagkaganyan, sinabi ng nanay ko sa’kin na parang

magbago ka, kasi mahirap na mapunta ulit sa DSWD. Parang ganon, mahirap talaga. Ganun mga

nararanasan mo sa labas, parang di mo na mararanasan sa loob. Parang doon pa lang maiisip ko na, 'Ay,

di ko na uulitin ‘yan.'"

Participant 2's statement highlights the complexities of family dynamics. While her mother

expresses a desire for her to change, there is a sense of distance and a lack of genuine connection. This

experience underscores the importance of building strong and supportive family relationships to aid in the

reintegration process. According to Dealagdon et al. (2016) highlights the role of unhealthy family

relationships in contributing to juvenile delinquency. This finding is particularly relevant to this study

because many of the participants reported strained or absent familial relationships, suggesting that

dysfunctional family dynamics may be a significant factor in their involvement in conflict with the law.

Participant 3, while acknowledging the importance of family support, expresses a sense of

needing to prove herself to her family, suggesting that their acceptance is conditional.

"Siguro, sila unang magpakita ng suporta sayo, atsaka mahalin ka pa rin na walang nagbago sayo. Ganon

naman lagi e, kailangan lang ng suporta galing sa pamilya."

 30

Participant 3's statement highlights the need for unconditional love and support from families.

While she acknowledges the importance of family support, she also expresses a sense of needing to earn

their acceptance, suggesting that their support is not always readily available.

These diverse experiences demonstrate the complex nature of family dynamics and their impact on the

teenagers' reintegration journeys. A strong, supportive family can provide a buffer against risk factors for

delinquency and promote successful reintegration. However, when family relationships are characterized

by conflict, neglect, or a lack of understanding, they can contribute to the challenges teenagers face in

their reintegration journeys.

The participants' narratives revealed the significant role that peers play in shaping their behaviors, choices,

and overall experiences. Peer influence can be a powerful force, both positive and negative, in the lives

of teenagers.

Participant 1 acknowledges the role of peer pressure in her involvement with delinquent

activities, emphasizing the importance of choosing friends wisely.

"I think... for my experience kaya nasasangkot yung mga bata sa kung ano-ano and age, younger age,

uhm, neglect—talagang neglect sa parents. Kung yung parents not really paying attention of what's going

on, more on galit lang palagi, ahmm, not on my experience talaga kasi na way na di naman ganun ka-

toxic dito. Yung ano lang talaga, society ang problema lang talaga. Yun yung sa friends, sa barkada, and

not having enough intelligence sa mamili ng barkada. Although all of us somewhat innocent tayo sa mga

ganon, since you just want friends, you just wanna have fun, and talagang makikisama tayo."

Participant 1's statement highlights the importance of peer support and the need for guidance

in navigating social relationships. She recognizes that peer pressure can contribute to delinquent behavior,

emphasizing the importance of choosing friends who will support positive choices. Research by James

(2015) emphasizes the importance of strong social bonds in preventing delinquent behavior. Teenagers
 31

with strong connections to positive social networks are more likely to resist negative influences and engage

in prosocial behaviors.

Participant 2 emphasizes the need for positive social connections and the importance of

surrounding oneself with good influences.

"Mahalaga, kasi parang ano, yung paglabas mo ng DSWD, parang yung mga nakakasama mo na ayaw

mo na, kasi nakikita mong mali yung ginagawa nila. Syempre, sasama ka sa mga good influence, ganon,

para mas masarap kasama."

Participant 2's statement underscores the importance of positive peer influence in the

reintegration process. She recognizes that surrounding oneself with positive role models can help to steer

individuals away from delinquent behavior and towards a more positive path.

Participant 3 recognizes the role of peers in providing support and encouragement, especially when family

relationships are strained.

"Sobra! Lalong-lalo na sa mga kabataan na sa kaibigan nila nararamdaman yung hindi nila maramdaman

na atensyon tsaka pagmamahal sa mga magulang nila. At minsan, mga kaibigan din nila nagpupush na

mag-aral sila at para ayusin ang buhay, ganon."

Participant 3's statement highlights the importance of peer support in providing a sense of

belonging and encouragement. When family relationships are strained, peers can play a crucial role in

offering guidance and encouragement, helping teenagers to navigate their challenges and strive for

positive change.

These experiences demonstrate how peer influence can be a powerful force, shaping the teenagers'

behaviors, choices, and overall experiences. When teenagers have strong connections to positive social

networks, they are more likely to resist negative influences and engage in prosocial behaviors. However,
 32

when teenagers lack positive social support or are surrounded by peers who engage in risky behaviors,

they are more susceptible to delinquency and reintegration challenges.

The participants' narratives highlighted the importance of access to education and employment

opportunities for successful reintegration. These opportunities can provide structure, purpose, and a path

towards a positive future.

Participant 1 recognizes the role of education in empowering teenagers and equipping them

with the knowledge and skills they need to navigate life's challenges. She also emphasizes the need for

comprehensive sex education to help teenagers understand their bodies and make informed decisions

about their sexuality.

"Well, anyway, it will, it will help to open child's mind, the innocence mind, minors mind, especially ma-

oopen na din naman sila sa challenges and world, of course, society alone. So, it will help talaga. You just

need to really improve yung part na 'yon. Hindi kasi lahat ng school literally shows that type, the all they

kind of avoid some part of education, notice like, okay, medyo political about sex education. It's not about

teaching a child na makipag-s*x, it's a human anatomy, and mas need nilang malaman yun so they will

know how to say no to a person. How would a child say no to a sexual activity na na their child, how they

do say no kung di nga nila alam? It's like school also need to teach more deeper than that. Hindi lang

talaga eto s*x organ sa babae, s*x organ sa lalaki. It's not just that. You need to really to open much more

ba mind. Hindi, it's not, it's not ano, it's not putting dirt on an innocent person or innocent child. It's helping,

yun lang. Tsaka yun lang."

Participant 1's statement highlights the importance of education in empowering teenagers and

equipping them with the knowledge and skills they need to navigate life's challenges. She emphasizes the

need for comprehensive sex education to help teenagers understand their bodies and make informed

decisions about their sexuality, recognizing that this knowledge can empower them to make safe choices

and protect themselves from exploitation. Research by Coren et al. (2016) highlights the importance of
 33

skills-based education for street-connected children, as it can equip them with the knowledge and skills

they need to succeed in the workforce and prevent social exclusion.

Participant 2 describes her motivation to work in a call center, not just for her own financial

independence but also to support her family.

"Naisipan kong magtrabaho na call center, para di lang para sa’kin, para din sa pamilya ko. Kaya masarap

din pumera nang hindi umaasa."

Participant 2's statement highlights the importance of employment in providing financial

independence and a sense of purpose. She recognizes that having a job can contribute to both her own

well-being and the well-being of her family, providing a sense of responsibility and accomplishment.

Research by Gogua (2020) highlights the importance of socio-economic factors in the reintegration of

juvenile offenders, emphasizing the need for programs that provide access to employment opportunities.

Participant 3 acknowledges the positive impact of employment on providing structure and

purpose, helping teenagers focus on their goals rather than engaging in risky behaviors.

"Ahhh, nakakatulong siya dahil mas nabibigay mo lahat ng oras mo sa trabaho at mas dun na magfofocus

e, hindi sa kung ano-anong bagay o pakikipagbarkada na di nakakatulong sayo."

Participant 3's statement highlights the importance of employment in providing structure and

purpose, helping teenagers focus on their goals rather than engaging in risky behaviors. She recognizes

that having a job can provide a sense of direction and purpose, helping to steer individuals away from

delinquent activities and towards a more positive path.

These findings align with research on the role of education and employment in reducing

recidivism rates and promoting successful reintegration. Studies have shown that skills-based education

can equip teenagers with the knowledge and skills they need to succeed in the workforce (Coren et al.,

2016). Access to employment opportunities can provide structure, purpose, and a sense of
 34

accomplishment, reducing the likelihood of reoffending (Gogua, 2020). However, the participants'

experiences also highlight the challenges they face in accessing these opportunities, including limited

access to quality education, lack of job training programs, and societal stigma associated with their past

experiences.

The participants' experiences with DSWD programs reveal both the potential benefits and the

challenges associated with these programs. The DSWD can provide a lifeline of support, offering structure,

guidance, and opportunities for personal growth. Yet, it also faces limitations, including resource

constraints and the need for more individualized approaches.

Participant 1 acknowledges the potential for DSWD to provide support and understanding, but

she also highlights the challenges of seeking help when feeling neglected and emotionally overwhelmed.

"Yes, uhmmm... for me, sa tingin ko actually, it is, it is helping. It is talagang helping. Ang nagiging problem

lang, in a way na it's gonna be hard for people's who's been through enough na mag-ask na ng help,

especially when even before, naneneglect na yung, yung nagiging big problem. Neglected yung feelings

and emotional, yung lahat ng mental state mo. Mahirap makahanap ng tulong, even though magiging last

draw mo na yan na tumawag ng DSWD or something. Though it's very hard, so truly, it is a big help in a

way na there's people who will understand talaga, and will try to understand kung hindi nila fully ma-

understand talaga yung. So, it's a good thing. And the only problem, minsan, they don't really help at times.

They just ano, it's like they don't ano, they just straight to the point na parang hindi mo na, hindi na nila

iniisip yung ano, yung emotional state ng tao or ng minor or ng bata. Literal na bigla na lang straight to the

point, and then suddenly, it's like too much na hindi na rin makaisip ng maayos yung bata. It's like you

need to ano talaga. Lord is helping process by process talaga. Ang lakas lang ng loob."

Participant 1's statement highlights the potential for DSWD programs to provide support and

understanding, but also acknowledges the challenges of seeking help when feeling overwhelmed and

emotionally vulnerable. Her experience underscores the need for DSWD programs to be sensitive to the
 35

individual needs of teenagers and to provide a safe and supportive environment for them to seek help.

According to Manuel (2019), program implementers reported challenges such as casework and limited

financial assistance, which can hinder the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs. This suggests that the

DSWD system, while aiming to provide support, may struggle to meet the unique and often complex needs

of teenagers who have experienced trauma and are navigating challenging life circumstances.

Participant 2 describes the structured activities and educational programs offered by the DSWD

as helpful in preparing teenagers for reintegration into society.

"Oo, katulad ng ginagawa dito sa labas, pag naglalaro, kaso may limitasyon. May limit doon, mga isang

oras lang. Tapos, mga ginagawang activity dito sa labas, katulad ng Christmas party, mga ganon,

ginagawa din sa loob. Tas katulad ng ano, pag-aaral din, para paglabas mo, hindi ka maninibago. Parang

normal ka pa rin, ganon."

This quote suggests that DSWD programs can provide some structure and support, helping teenagers

adapt to a more typical environment after their time in the facility. This aligns with research by Fabre et al.

(2016) who emphasize the importance of complex intervention efforts to combat the needs of CICL

(Children in Conflict with the Law) through primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of interventions.

Structured activities and educational programs can help teenagers build skills and confidence, making the

transition back into the community smoother. However, it's important to note that these programs may

need to be more individualized to address the specific needs of each teenager.

Participant 3 expresses a sense of finding more support and attention within the DSWD than

within their own families, highlighting the potential for these programs to provide a sense of belonging and

stability.

"Oo, nakakatulong din yung mga programa sa loob ng DSWD para makalimutan yung mga masasamang

nangyari dati. Isa rin sa dahilan yung mga programa sa loob kaya mas maraming batang napapabuti e,
 36

nagiging normal sa loob. Yung iba nga, gusto na lang dun mag-stay kesa umuwi sa kanilang mga pamilya

kasi mas nahahanap pa nila yung atensyon na hinahanap nila."

Participant 3's statement highlights the potential for DSWD programs to provide a sense of

belonging and stability, especially for teenagers who may be struggling with difficult family situations.

However, it's important to note that, as Participant 2's experience demonstrates, the DSWD system is not

without its challenges, and the need for safety and security within these facilities remains a critical concern.

Research by Bahay Pag-Asa for Children in Conflict with the Law (2024) highlights the importance of a

structured environment, discipline, and educational programs in helping youth find purpose and hope for

the future. The testimonies of CICLs (Children in Conflict with the Law) from Bahay Pag-Asa, located in

Muntinlupa City, demonstrate how these programs can contribute to positive change and a restored sense

of purpose.
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CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter consists of the study’s final findings, overall conclusion as well the recommendations of the

researchers.

CONCLUSION

The study highlights the multifaceted challenges faced by teenagers in Alabang,

Muntinlupa City, who have come into conflict with the law. Their reintegration journey is influenced

by a combination of personal trauma, family dynamics, peer influence, and access to education

and employment. The findings emphasize the significant impact of childhood trauma, particularly

experiences of abuse and neglect, which shape their behaviors and ability to trust others. Family

support, or the lack thereof, plays a crucial role in their rehabilitation, with some participants

expressing a need for greater understanding and acceptance from their loved ones.

Moreover, peer relationships can either facilitate or hinder reintegration, depending on the

nature of influence exerted. While some teenagers found encouragement and support from

friends, others struggled with negative peer pressure that led them further into delinquent

activities. Access to education and employment emerged as essential factors in providing a sense

of purpose, stability, and hope for the future. However, societal stigma and limited opportunities

often hinder their progress.

The role of the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) is also critical in

shaping their reintegration experience. While the programs offered by DSWD provide structure,

support, and rehabilitation, challenges such as resource limitations and lack of individualized

approaches remain. Some participants found a greater sense of belonging within DSWD facilities
 38

than in their own homes, highlighting the need for more comprehensive and family-inclusive

rehabilitation programs.

Ultimately, the study underscores the importance of a holistic approach to reintegration—

one that addresses not only legal and institutional interventions but also emotional and

psychological support. By strengthening family relationships, providing educational and vocational

opportunities, and ensuring trauma-informed care, society can better support these teenagers in

rebuilding their lives and successfully reintegrating into their communities.

RECOMMENDATIONS

TO TEENAGERS IN CONFLICT WITH THE LAW – Implement structured rehabilitation programs

that focus on education, vocational training, and mental health support to ensure a smoother

reintegration process. These programs should include life skills training, mentorship, and

continuous monitoring to help teenagers develop a sense of responsibility and purpose.

Additionally, peer support groups can be established to encourage positive behavioral changes.

TO FAMILIES – Conduct family counseling sessions and parenting workshops to equip parents

and guardians with the necessary skills to support their reintegrated children. These initiatives

should focus on effective communication, conflict resolution, and emotional guidance to create a

stable home environment. Families should also be educated on the challenges their children may

face post-reintegration and be encouraged to actively participate in their rehabilitation process.

TO SOCIAL WORKERS – Enhance training programs for social workers to equip them with the

necessary skills in case management, trauma-informed care, and personalized intervention

strategies. They should be provided with adequate resources and continuous professional

development opportunities to effectively support reintegrated teenagers. A dedicated support

 39

network should also be established to assist social workers in handling complex cases and

preventingburnout.

TO COMMUNITY MEMBERS – Promote awareness campaigns that aim to reduce the stigma

associated with reintegrated teenagers and encourage community acceptance. These campaigns

should include workshops, forums, and storytelling sessions that highlight success stories of

former juvenile offenders who have successfully reintegrated into society. Community members

should also be encouraged to participate in volunteer programs that support reintegrated youth in

areas such as mentorship, skills training, and employment.

TO EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS – Develop alternative education programs and flexible

learning options tailored to the needs of reintegrated teenagers. Schools should implement

remedial classes, scholarship opportunities, and mentorship programs to ensure that these

students can catch up with their education. Additionally, teachers and school staff should be

trained in handling students with behavioral challenges to create a supportive and inclusive

learning environment.

TO FUTURE RESEARCHERS- Future researchers should explore more about the struggles of

teenagers in conflict with the law living in Alabang, Muntinlupa City. They can study how family,

school, and the community help or make reintegration harder. It is also good to check what

programs work best to support these teenagers. Talking to social workers, families, and the

teenagers themselves will give a better understanding. A bigger study covering more areas can

help create better solutions.

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