JEST Physics-2023

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JEST Physics-2023
Solution

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 JEST Physics-2023
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Section A
Correct answer: +3, wrong answer: −1.
Q14. Calculate the contour integral
cos 2 ( z ) − z 2
I = ∫ dz
( z − a)
3
C

where the clockwise contour C is encircling the point z = a in the complex plane.
(a) − ( sin 2a + 1) 2π i (b) ( cos 2a + 1) 2π i

(c) − ( cos 2a + 1) 2π i (d) ( sin 2a + 1) 2π i

Ans: 14. (b)

cos 2 ( z ) − z 2 cos 2 ( z ) − z 2
Solution.: I = ∫ dz . Let f ( z ) = .
( z − a) ( z − a)
3 3
C

f ( z ) has pole of order 3 at z = a .

Residue at z = a :

1 d2  3 cos ( z ) − z
2 2
1 d
=a−1 lim  ( z − a ) =  lim  2 cos z ( − sin z ) − 2 z 
( z − a )  z →a 2 dz 
z → a 2! dz 2 3


1 d 1
a−1 =lim [ − sin 2 z − 2 z ] =lim [ −2 cos 2 z − 2] =− ( cos 2a + 1)
z →a 2 dz z → a 2
−2π i ∑ Res at ( z =
I= a) =
2π i ( cos 2a + 1) where – sign for clockwise contour C.

Q19. Which of the following vanishes identically?


(a) ∇ ×
(( y + x ) iˆ + ( y − x ) ˆj ) (
 yiˆ − xjˆ
(b) ∇ × 2
)
2 2
x +y x + y2

(
 xiˆ + yjˆ
(c) ∇ × 2
) (
  xiˆ + yjˆ + zkˆ 
(d) ∇ ⋅  
)
x + y2
 (
 x2 + y 2 + z 2 3 2 
 )
Ans: 19. (c)
Solution.:
(a)

xˆ yˆ zˆ

∇×
( ( y + x ) iˆ + ( y − x ) ˆj ) = ∂ / ∂x ∂ / ∂y
 ∂  y − x  ∂  y + x 
∂ / ∂z = zˆ   2 −  2
2  2 
x2 + y 2  ∂x  x + y  ∂y  x + y  
y+x y−x
0
x2 + y 2 x2 + y 2

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⇒∇=×
(
 ( y + x ) iˆ + ( y − x ) ˆj )
 − ( x2 + y 2 ) − ( y − x ) 2 x ( x2 + y 2 ) − ( y + x ) 2 y 
zˆ  − 
x2 + y 2 
 ( x 2
+ y )
2 2
( x 2
+ y )
2 2 


=
⇒ ∇×
(
 ( y + x ) iˆ + ( y − x ) ˆj
ˆ
z=
)
 −2 ( x 2 + y 2 ) − 2 xy + 2 xy + 2 x 2 + 2 y 2 
  0
x2 + y 2 
 (x + y )
2 2 2 


xˆ yˆ zˆ
(b) ∇ × 2
(
 yiˆ − xjˆ
=
) ∂ / ∂x ∂ / ∂y
 ∂  − x  ∂  y 
∂ / ∂z = zˆ   2 −  2
2  
x + y2  ∂x  x + y  ∂y  x + y 2  
y −x
0
x + y2
2
x + y2
2

 − ( x2 + y 2 ) − ( − x ) 2 x ( x2 + y 2 ) − y × 2 y   −2 ( x 2 + y 2 ) + 2 x 2 + 2 y 2 
= zˆ  − =  zˆ  =  0

 ( x 2
+ y )
2 2
( x 2
+ y )  
2 2   ( x 2
+ y )
2 2 


xˆ yˆ zˆ
(c) ∇ × 2
(
 xiˆ + yjˆ
=
) ∂ / ∂x ∂ / ∂y
 ∂  y  ∂  x 
∂ / ∂z = zˆ   2 −  2
2  
x + y2  ∂x  x + y  ∂y  x + y 2  
x y
0
x + y2
2
x + y2
2

 0 − y 2x 0 − x 2 y 
 ∂  y  ∂  x 
= zˆ   2 − = ˆ  ( ) − ( )  = zˆ  −2 xy + 2 xy  = 0
2   2 2 
z
 ∂x  x + y  ∂y  x + y    ( x 2 + y 2 )2 ( x 2 + y 2 )2   ( x 2 + y 2 )2 
   


(d) ∇=

⋅
( ˆ
xi + yj + zk ˆ ˆ 
 ∂ 
) 
x
 
+ ∂  y
 
+ ∂  z


 ( x2 + y 2 + z 2 )
32
 ∂x  ( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 )3 2  ∂y  ( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 )3 2  ∂z  ( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 )3 2 
       

3
 ( x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) − x ( x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) 2 x
32 12

∂  x = 2
∂x  ( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 )3 2  ( x 2
+ y 2
+ z )
2 3
 

(x + y2 + z2 ) − 3x 2 ( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 )
2 32 12

=
(x + y2 + z2 )
2 3

∇⋅
(
  xiˆ + yjˆ + zkˆ  )
3 ( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ) − 3 ( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 )( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 )
=
32

0
12

 ( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 )3 2  ( x2 + y 2 + z 2 )
3

 

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Q22. How many i ndependent r eal pa rameters ar e r equired to describe an ar bitrary N × N
Hermitian matrix?
(a) N 2 − N (b) N 2
(c) 2N (d) N 2 − 1
Ans: 22. (b)
Q23. Two fair six-faced dice are thrown simultaneously. The probability that one of the dice
yields an outcome that is a multiple of 2 and the other yields a multiple of 3 is:
1 1
(a) (b)
6 3
13 11
(c) (d)
36 36
Ans: 23. (d)
Solution.:
Possible combinations are
( 2,3) ; ( 2, 6 ) ; ( 4,3) ; ( 4, 6 ) ; ( 6,3) and ( 3, 2 ) ; ( 6, 2 ) ; ( 3, 4 ) ; ( 6, 4 ) ; ( 3, 6 ) and ( 6, 6 )

11
probability =
36
Section B
Correct answer: +9, wrong answer: −3.
Q28. Compute the contour integral:
zdz
I = ∫
sinh ( 2π z )

3
where the contour is a circle of radius centred around the origin and the direction is
4
counterclockwise.
(a) 0 (b) −1
(c) π (d) 1
Ans: 28. (a)
zdz
Solution.: I = ∫ .
sinh ( 2π z )

z
Let f ( z ) = . For poles of f ( z ) ,
sinh ( 2π z )

e 2π z − e −2π z
sinh ( 2π z ) = 0 ⇒ 0 ⇒ e 4π z =
= 1=e 2 nπ i
2

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ni i
⇒z= = 0, ± are simple pole that lies inside contour.
2 2
 z  2z
Residue at z = 0 : lim ( z 0 )
a−1 =− =lim 0
=
z →0
 sinh ( 2π z )  z → 0 2π cosh ( 2π z )

i i
  2z −
i i z 2 2
Residue at z = : lim  z
a−1 =−  = lim =
2 i
z→ 
2
  2  sinh ( 2π z )  z →
2
(
i 2π cosh 2π z
) 2π cosh (π i )
i
Residue at z = − :
2
i i
  2z + −
i 2 =2
z
a−1 =lim  z +  = lim
i
z →− 
2
  2  sinh ( 2π z )  z →−
2
(
i 2π cosh 2π z
) 2π cosh (π i )

= π i ∑ Res 0
I 2=

Q29. Solve the differential equation,

dy
= xy + xy 2
dx

(
If y=x 2
= ) e
2−e
where e is the base of natural logarithms, compute y ( x = 0 )

(a) −1 (b) 1
(c) e (d) 0
Ans: 29. (b)
Solution.:
dy dy dy 1 1 
= xy + xy 2 ⇒ =
xdx ⇒ xdx ⇒ ∫  −
= ∫ xdx
dy =
dx y+ y 2
y (1 + y )  y 1+ y 
2
x2 y x
⇒ ln y − ln(1 + y ) = + ln C ⇒ =
Ce 2
2 1+ y
e
2
1
 y=(
x 2
=
e
2−e
)⇒ 2 − e
e
=
e
Ce 2 ⇒ = Ce1 ⇒ C =
2 2
.
1+
2−e
y 1 0 y 1
y ( x = 0) : = e2 ⇒ = ⇒ y =1
1+ y 2 1+ y 2

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∞
Q33. If a power series y = ∑ a j x j analysis is carried out of the following differential equation
j =0

d 2 y 1 dy 4
+ − y= 0
dx 2 x 2 dx x 2
which of the following recurrence relations results?
4 − j ( j + 1) 4 − j ( j − 1)
=(a) a j +1 a= , j 0,1, 2,....
= (b) a j + 2 a= , j 0,1, 2,....
j +1 j +1
j j

4 − j ( j + 1) 4 − j ( j − 1)
=(c) a j + 2 a= , j 0,1, 2,....
= (d) a j +1 a= , j 0,1, 2,....
j +1 j +1
j j

Ans: 33. (d)

Solution.:
∞
dy ∞ d2y ∞
Let y = ∑ a j x j , = ∑ ja j x j −1 and= ∑ j ( j − 1) a x j −2

dx 2
j
j =0 dx j =0 j =0

d 2 y 1 dy 4 2
2 d y dy
 2
+ 2
− 2
y 0
= ⇒ x 2
+ − 4y =
0
dx x dx x dx dx
∞ ∞ ∞
⇒ ∑ j ( j − 1) a j x j + ∑ ja j x j −1 − 4∑ a j x j =
0
=j 0 =j 0=j 0

Equating coefficient of x j to zero; j ( j − 1) a j + ( j + 1) a j +1 − 4a j =

0

4 − j ( j − 1)
⇒ ( j + 1) a j +1 = 4a j − j ( j − 1) a j ⇒ a j +1 = aj
j +1
  
Q46. Given the vector = v yiˆ + 3 xjˆ , what is the value of the line integral ∫ v ⋅ dr along the unit

circle (centered at the origin) in an anti-clockwise direction?

2π
(a) (b) π (c) 0 (d) 2π
3
Ans: 46. (d)
   1 2π

∫ φ∫ ( 2kˆ ) . ( rdrdφ kˆ ) =
1
∫( )
 
Solution.: ∫ v ⋅ dr = ∇ × v .d a = 2 × × 2π = 2π
S r 0= 0
=
2

 1 1 1 2 3
 
1 22 3 2 1 
Q47. Choose the largest eigenvalue of the matrix  0 0 0 2 2 
 
 0 0 3 0 3
 0 0 0 0 1
 
(a) 3 (b) 5
(c) 8 (d) 10
Ans: 47. (b)

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1− λ 1 1 2 3
12 2−λ 3 2 1
Solution.: Characteristic equation A − λ I =
0 ⇒ 0 0 0−λ 2 2 = 0
0 0 3 0−λ 3
0 0 0 0 1− λ

1− λ 1 1 2
12 2−λ 3 2
⇒ (1 − λ ) 0
=
0 0 −λ 2
0 0 3 −λ

1− λ 1 1 1− λ 1 1
⇒ (1 − λ )( −3) 12 2 − λ 2 − (1 − λ )( λ ) 12 2−λ 3 =
0
0 0 2 0 0 −λ

1− λ 1 1− λ 1
⇒ (1 − λ )( −3 × 2 ) − (1 − λ )( λ )( −λ ) =0
12 2−λ 12 2−λ

⇒ (1 − λ )  −6 {(1 − λ )( 2 − λ ) − 12} + λ 2 {(1 − λ )( 2 − λ ) − 12} =

0

⇒ (1 − λ ) {(1 − λ )( 2 − λ ) − 12}  −6 + λ 2  =0
( )
⇒ (1 − λ )= 0; −6 + λ 2 = 0; {(1 − λ )( 2 − λ ) − 12}= 0

Thus ⇒ λ1 =
1, λ2 =
+ 6, λ3 =
− 6

and (1 − λ )( 2 − λ ) − 12 = 0 ⇒ λ4 =
0 ⇒ λ 2 − 3λ − 10 = 5, λ5 =
−2

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Section A
Correct answer: +3, wrong answer: −1.
   
Q1. The position and velocity vectors of a particle changes from R1 to R2 and v1 to v2
  
respectively as time flows from t1 to t2 . If r ( t ) , v ( t ) , and a ( t ) are the instantaneous

position, velocity and acceleration vectors of the particle, compute the integral:
 t2  
= I ∫ r × a dt
t1

Mark the correct answer.

         
(a) I = R2 × v2 − R1 × v1 (b) I = R1 × v1 − R2 × v2
     
(c) I = 0 (d) I = R1 × v1 + R2 × v2

Ans: 1. (a)
Solution:
   
d   dr   dv  dv dr 
(r × v ) = × v + r × = r ×  ×v = 0
dt dt dt dt dt
 
  d    dr  dv
⇒ (r × a=
) (r × v ) =
v = ,a
dt dt dt
  d    t    
∫t ( r × a ) dt = ∫t ( r × v )dt ⇒ I = [ r × v ]t12 ⇒ I = r2 × v2 − r1 × v1
t2 t2
I=
1 1 dt
c
Q10. A rocket is moving in free space with speed . After a fuel tank is gently detached, the
2
c
rocket is found to be moving with a speed with respect to the detached fuel tank. What
4
is the final speed of the rocket in the original frame of reference?
2 2 3 4
(a) c (b) c (c) c (d) c
7 3 4 5
Ans: 10. (b)
Solution:
c c
vRE = v [Let], vRF = , vFE =
4 2
c
v−
vRE − vFE c 2c
 vRF = ⇒ = 2 ⇒v=
v v
1 − RE 2 FE 4 c 3
v 
1−  2 
c 2
c

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Q12. The force experienced by a mass confined to move along the x-axis is of the form
F ( x) =
−k1 x − k2 x n where x is the displacement of the mass from x = 0, k1 and k2 are

positive constants and n is a positive integer. For small displacements, the motion of the
mass remains symmetric about x = 0
(a) when n is any positive integer.
(b) when n is an odd positive integer
(c) only when n = 1
(d) when n is an even positive integer
Ans: 12. (b)
Solution:
V
x 2 + x n +1

x2

x n +1

O x
Here n will be odd positive integer.
1 2 k
V = − ∫ Fdx ⇒=
V k1 x + 2 x n +1
2 n +1
For the bound small oscillations about x = 0 , the potential should be symmetric about
x = 0 , so n should be an odd positive integer.
Q17. Two particles of mass m and 4m confined to move along the x-axis are subjected to the
force F ( x ) = −kx . At time t = 0 , the smaller mass m starts from rest at x1 (= ) A and
t 0=

the larger mass 4m starts from rest at x2 ( t = 0 ) = − A . The point on the x-axis where the

first collision between the two particles occurs is:

A A
(a) x = (b) x = −
2 2
A
(c) x = − (d) x = 0
4
Ans: 17. (b)

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Solution:
Collision
4m x2 x1 m

−A C O +A

k ω k
, ω2
T2 = 2T1= = 1= , ω1 = , T T1 t =0
4m 2 m
ω1
m
 π  3π  t
=x1 A sin  ω1t += , x2 A sin  ω2t +
 2 

2 
t
•+ A 4m, t
Let they collide at point C. ω1t c
ω1 3 2π
ω1t + ω2t =
π ⇒ ω1t + π ⇒
t= π
t=
2 2 T O
ω2 t
T
⇒t =
3
 π −A
=
For particle of mass m ; x A sin  ω1t + 
 2 ω1
= ω2 4m
2
 2π T π   2π  A t =0
=x A sin  ⋅ +  = A cos  ⇒x=−
 T 3 2  3  2
Section B
Correct answer: +9, wrong answer: −3.
Q32. A particle of mass 1 kg, angular momentum L = 2 kg m2/s and total energy E = 3 J is
 
subjected to a central force field F = −kr where k = 2 kg/s2. Which of the following
statements is true? [Note: The centres of all the circles in the options below are at the
origin.] =
(a) The particle is constrained to be in the region outside the circle with radius

3+ 5
R=
2
(b) The particle is bounded within the annular region described by the two circles

5− 3 5+ 3
with radii r1 = and r2 = .
2 2
(c) The particle is bounded within the annular region described by the two circles

3− 5 3+ 5
with radii r1 = and r2 = .
2 2

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(d) The particle is constrained to be in the region outside the circle with

5+ 3
radius R = .
2
Ans: 32. (c)
Solution:
 
F= −kr = −krrˆ (Central force)
  1
− ∫ F ⋅ dr =kr 2
V= Veff
2
1 2 L2 1 Veff 1 2
=E mr + Veff ; =
Veff 2
+ kr 2 2
kr
2 2mr 2
In case of bounded motion, the radial
velocity r = 0 at turning points. So, total
L2 2mr 2
energy r

L2 1
=E 2
+ kr 2 (At turning point)
2mr 2

2 1 3± 5
=3 + ⋅ 2 ⋅ r 2 ⇒ r 4 − 3r 2 + 1 =0 ⇒ r =
2 ⋅1 ⋅ r 2
2 2

3− 5 3+ 5
rmin = and rmax =
2 2
So, the particle is bounded within the annular region described by the two circles with
radii

3− 5 3+ 5
r1 = and r2 =
2 2
Q35. The action corresponding to the motion of a particle in one dimension is:
1 
dt  mx 2 − V ( x ) + axx + β xx 
tf
=S ∫ ti
2 
where m is the mass of the particle, α , β are constants, and V ( x ) is a potential which is

a function of x. The position and velocity are held fixed at the end points of the trajectory.
The equation of motion of the particle is
dV dV
(a) ( 2α + m ) 
x− =
0 (b) ( 2α − m ) 
x + β x − =
0
dx dx
dV dV
(c) ( 2α − m ) 
x − β x − =
0 (d) ( 2α − m ) 
x− =
0
dx dx
Ans: 35. (d)

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1 2
Solution: L ( x, x , 
x, t )= mx − V ( x ) + α xx + β xx
2
d 2  ∂L  d  ∂L  ∂L d2 d  ∂V 
2 (
LEM: 2   −   + =
0 ⇒ α x ) − ( mx + β x ) +  − + α 
x + β x  =0
dt  ∂
x  dt  ∂x  ∂x dt dt  ∂x 
∂V
( 2α − m ) x − =
0
∂x
Q36. A stationary body explodes into two fragments, each of rest mass m. The two fragments
move apart at speeds η c (where c is the speed of light and 0 < η < 1 ) relative to the
original body. The rest mass of the original body is:

(a) 2m 1 − η 2 (b) 2m 1 − η 2( ) (c)

2m
(d) 2m
1 −η 2

Ans: 36. (c)

Solution: Using conservation of energy principle
2mc 2 2m
Mc 2 = ⇒M =
(η c ) 1 −η 2
2

1−
c2
Q42. A rod of length l = 1 meter is held on a frictionless horizontal surface at an angle of
θ= 60° with the horizontal, as shown in the figure. Take the
point of contact of the rod with the horizontal plane as the l
origin ( x = 0) . As the support holding the rod is suddenly
60°
removed, the rod comes in contact with the horizontal surface.
x= 60°
What will be the coordinate of the left end of the rod at the
moment of contact?
(a) -0.15 m (b) -0.5 m
(c) -0.2 m (d) -0.25 m
Ans: 42. (d)
Solution:

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2

2 2
A G B
A 60°

O Q O Q
  4 4
cos 60° =
2 4
Center of mass of the rod will move in vertically downward direction under gratation.
  
= AG − OQ =
AO − cos 60°= = 0.25 m
2 2 4
Coordinate of left end A
x A = −0.25m

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Section A
Correct answer: +3, wrong answer: −1.
Q11. Two identical magnetic dipoles of lengthℓ, which are free to rotate, are kept fixed at a
distance d ( d   ) . In their minimum energy configuration, they will orient themselves

(a) anti-parallel to each other and perpendicular to the line joining them
(b) parallel to each other and aligned to the line joining them
(c) anti-parallel to each other and aligned to the line joining them
(d) parallel to each other and perpendicular to the line joining them
Ans: 11. (b)
Q18. A point charge q is located at the apex of a cone of height h and base radius h. The flux
of the electric field through the cone due to the point charge is

 1  q  1  πq
(a) 1 −  (b) 1 − 
 2  2π ∈0  2  2 ∈0

1 q  1  q
(c) (d) 1 − 
2 2 ∈0  2  2 ∈0
Ans: 18. (d)
Solution: h
The flux of the electric field through the cone due to the point h θ
charge is
q
  θ 2π
 
φE
= ∫=
E.d a ∫ ∫ 
1 q
(
rˆ . r 2 sin θ ′dθ=
′dφ )q
(1 − cos θ )
S θ φ  4π ∈
=′ 0= 0 0 r2  2 ∈0

 1  q h 1
⇒ φE =1 −  =
where cos θ =
 2  2 ∈0 h 2 2

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Section B
Correct answer: +9, wrong answer: −3.
Q34. Two semi-infinite wires are placed on the x- axis, one from −∞ to the −d , and the other
from d to ∞ . Both wires carry a steady current I in the same direction. The magnitude of
the magnetic field at a distance d away from the center of this gap in the y − z plane
(ignore the charge accumulation) is:
µ0 I µ0 I  1 
(a) 2 (b)  1− 
πd 2π d  2
µ0 I 1 µ0 I 1
(c) (d)
πd 2 πd 2
Ans: 34. (b)
Solution:
•

θ1 θ
−∞ +∞
2
d
I −d O d I
π
Here θ=
1 θ=
0
2 45=
4
µ0 I α •
=B (sin β − sin α )
4π d β
Magnitude of field due to each wire is same.
So
I
µ I π π µ I 1 
B1 =
B2 =0 (sin − sin ) =0 1 − 
4π d 4 2 4π d  2 Wire segment
µ0 I  1 
Thus=
B 2=
B1  1− 
2π d  2
Q37. Calculate the magnitude of the force experienced by a point charge + q placed at a

distance d from the center of a grounded conducting sphere of radius a ( < d ) .

q 2 ad q2
(a) (b)
( ) 4π ∈0 ( d − a )
2 2
4π ∈0 d 2 − a 2

q2
(c) (d) 0
4π ∈0 d 2
Ans: 37. (a)

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Solution:

a
q′ d q′ q
• • •q ≡ • •
b
(d − b)
V =0
a a2
Let q′ = − q be image charge that develops b = distance away from center of
d d
sphere.
The magnitude of the force experienced by a point charge + q is

1 qq′ q 2 ad
=F =
4π ∈0 ( d − b )2 4π ∈ d 2 − a 2 ( )
2
0

Q44. A conducting spherical soap bubble of radius R with a wall thickness of W (  R ) is

charged to a potential of V0 . The bubble bursts and becomes a spherical drop with

Vd3W
potential Vd . Select the correct value of the ratio η =
V03 R
1 1
(a) (b)
3 6
1 2
(c) (d)
4 3
Ans: 44. (a)
Solution:
q
Potential of spherical soap bubble spherical drop; Potential of spherical drop Vd = k
r
Volume of spherical soap bubble = Volume of spherical drop
4 4 4 3
π ( R + W ) − π R3 = ( 3R 2W ) .
1/ 3
πr ⇒ r =
3

3 3 3
V R R Vd3W 1
⇒ d = = η
⇒= =
( )
1/ 3
V0 r 2
3R W V03 R 3

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Section A
Correct answer: +3, wrong answer: −1.
Q4. Consider a spin-1 2 particle in the quantum state

β   β  iα
ψ (=
β , α ) cos   ↑ + sin   e ↓
2 2

where 0 ≤ β ≤ π and 0 ≤ α ≤ 2π . For which values of (δ , γ ) is the state ψ (δ , γ )

orthogonal to ψ ( β , α ) ?

(a) (π + β , π − α ) (b) (π − β , π − α )

(c) (π + β , π + α ) (d) (π − β , π + α )

Ans: 4. (d)
Solution:
β  β 
Given ψ (=
β , α ) cos   ↑ + sin   eiα ↓
2 2
δ  δ 
Consider another state ψ (=
δ , γ ) cos   ↑ + sin   eiγ ↓
2 2

Orthogonal to ψ ( β , α ) , Therefore ψ (δ , γ ) ψ ( β , α ) = 0

 δ  δ   β  β  
⇒  cos   ↑ + sin   e − iγ ↓  cos   ↑ + sin   eiα ↓  =0
 2 2  2 2 
δ  β  δ   β 
⇒ cos   cos   + sin   sin   ei(α −γ ) =
0
2 2 2  2
For α − γ =−π ⇒γ =α + π and δ= π − β
π β  β  π β   β 
∴ cos  −  cos   + sin  −  sin   e − iπ =
0
2 2 2 2 2 2
β  β  β β 
⇒ sin   cos   + cos   sin   ( −1) =
0 ⇒0=0
2 2  2 2
Thus option (d) is correct answer.

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Q7. Consider a free particle in one dimension described by the wavefunction:
ipx −ipx
ψ ( x,= ) A exp
t 0= + B exp
 
The probability current density corresponding to ψ ( x, t ) at a later time t is:

(
p A −B
2 2
) cos  p2  (
p A −B
2 2
)
(a)  t (b)
m  2m  m

(
p A +B
2 2
) (
p A +B
2 2
) cos  p2 
(c) (d)  t
m m  2m 
Ans: 7. (b)
Solution:
ψ ( x, t =
0) = ψ 1 ( x, 0 ) + ψ 2 ( x, 0 )
Aeipx  + Be − ipx  =

The probability current density is

P = P1 + P2 = v1 ψ 1 + v2 ψ 2 =
2 2 p 2 p 2 p
m
A −=
m
B
m
A −B
2 2
( )
Thus, correct option is (b).
Q16. A quantum particle moving in one dimension is in a state having the wave function
 −ax 4 + bx + ipx 
ψ ( x ) = sinh ( λ x ) exp  
  
where a, b, λ and p are all positive real numbers. What is the expectation value of
momentum?
(a) λ (b) p (c) b (d) − p
Ans: 16. (b)
( − ax 4
+ bx ) ipx
Solution: ψ ( x ) = sinh ( λ x ) e 
e 

The expectation value of p is p = p

Thus correct option is (b).

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Q20. Consider a two-level quantum system described by the Hamiltonian:
= H0 + H '
H
where
1 0 1 0  0 1
H 0 =α   +ω , H ′ =∈ Γ  
0 1  0 −1 1 0
H′ is a small perturbation to the free Hamiltonian H 0 . ∈ is a small positive dimensionless
number, while α , ω and Γ have dimensions of energy and are positive quantities. If we
treat this problem perturbatively in the parameter ϵ, which of the following statements
about the corrections to ground state energy is true?
∈2 Γ 2
(a) First-order correction is ∈ Γ ; second-order correction is −
2ω
(b) First-order correction is ∈ Γ ; second-order correction is 0.
∈2 Γ 2
(c) First-order correction is 0; second-order correction is −
2ω
∈2 Γ 2
(d) First-order correction is 0; second-order correction is
2ω
Ans: 20. (c)
1 0  1 0  α + ω 0 
Solution: H 0 =α   +ω  =
0 1  0 −1  0 α − ω 
0
The eigenvalues are E1= α − ω and E2= α + ω with eigenstates φ1 =   and
1
1
φ2 =  
0  
The first order correction energy is
 0 1  0  1
=
E0
(1)
=
H ' φ1 H '=
φ1 ( 0,1) ∈ Γ    =∈ Γ ( 0 1)   = 0
 1 0  1  0
2 2
φn H ' φm φ1 H ' φ2
energy is E0( 2)
The second order correction= ∑
=
E −E
m≠n E1 − E2
n m

2 2
0 11 0
( 0 1) ∈ Γ    ∈ Γ ( 0 1)  
(∈ Γ)
2
1 00 1
E0( 2) = = = −
( α − ω ) − (α + ω ) −2ω 2ω

( 2) ∈2 Γ 2
∴ E0 =
−
2ω
Thus correct option is (c).

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Q 21 has been cancelled due to typographical error.
Q21. The spatial part of a two-electron state is anti-symmetric under exchange. If ↑ and ↓
represent the spin-up and the spin-down states respectively of each electron, the spin part
of the two-electron state cannot be:

(a)
1
2
(
↑ ↓ + ↑ ↓ ) (b) ↑ ↑

(c)
1
2
(
↑ ↓ −↑ ↓ ) (d) ↓ ↓

Ans: 21. (c)

Solution:
The total wave function ψ T of Fermions is anti-symmetric.
ψ T ψ space ⊗ χ spin
=

If spatial wave function (ψ space ) is anti-symmetric, then spin part must by symmetric.

∴ χ=
spin
1
2
(
↑ ↓ −↑ ↓ ) is an anti-symmetric, therefore it cannot be allowed spin

state. Thus correct option is (c).

Section B
Correct answer: +9, wrong answer: −3.
Q38. Consider a quantum particle incident from the left on a step potential given by V0θ ( x ) ,

with energy E ( > V0 ) ; here θ ( x ) is the unit step function. The scattering state of the

 ipx −ipx
exp  + r exp  , x < 0
particle is given by ψ ( x) = 
 ip ' x
t exp x>0
 
where p and p ' are the momenta of the particle corresponding to the energy E. Which
of the following is true?
p' 2
(a) r + t =
2
(b) r + t =
2 2
1 1
p
p 2
(c) r + t =
2
1 (d) r + t =1
p'
eipx  teip ' x 
Ans: 38. (a)
Solution:
ψ incident = eipx  , ψ reflected = re −ipx  ,ψ transmitted = teip ' x  re −ipx  V0

p 2 p 2
= ψ in
J in v= , J ref = v ψ ref = −
2
r
m m

0 x
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p' 2
= ψ tran
J tran v=
2
t
m
J ref J Tran p' 2
= =
= r , Transmitted co-efficient =
2
Reflection coefficient R T t
J inc J inc p

p' 2
Since R + T = 1 ⇒ r + t = 1 . Thus correct option is (a).
2

Q39. Consider a spin-1 system whose Sˆz eigenstates are given by −1 , 0 , +1 corresponding

to the eigenvalues −, 0,  . The normalized general state ψ of the system can be

expressed as ψ = c−1 −1 + c0 0 + c+1 +1 and c−1 , c0 , c+1 are complex numbers.

Subjected to the condition ψ Sˆz ψ = 0 , which of the following statements is true?

(a) c+1 + 2 c0 = (b) c−1 + 2 c0 =

2 2 2 2
1 1

(c) 2 c−1 + c+1 = (d) 2 c−1 + c0 =

2 2 2 2
1 1

Ans: 39. (d)

Solution: ψ = C−1 −1 + C0 0 + C+1 +1

Normalization condition ψ ψ = 1 ⇒ C−1 + C0 + C+1 =

2 2 2
1 ...(1)

(
Given ψ Sˆz ψ = 0 ⇒ C−*1 −1 + C0* 0 + C+*1 +1 Sˆz ( C−1 −1 + C0 0 + C+1 +1 ) =0 )
(
⇒ C−*1 −1 + C0* 0 + C+*1 +1 ) ( − C −1 −1 + 0 + C+1 +1 ) =0

⇒ − C−1 +  C+1 =0 ⇒ − C−1 + C+1 =0 ⇒ C−1 =

2 2 2 2 2 2
C+1 ...(2)

From equation (1), we get C−1 + C0 + C−1 =

1 ⇒ 2 C−1 + C0 =
2 2 2 2 2
1

Thus correct option is (d).

Q43. Consider a particle subjected to the symmetric one-dimensional infinite square well
potential:
 L
 0, x≤
V ( x) =  2
 ∞, L
x >
 2
Find the time evolution of the wavefunction ψ ( x, t ) , if at time t = 0 the particle is

prepared in an equal superposition of the ground and the first excited states:

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ψ ( x, 0 )
=
1
2
(φ1 ( x ) + φ2 ( x ) )
where φ1 ( x ) and φ2 ( x ) are normalized eigenfunctions of the ground state and the first

excited state respectively. If τ is the smallest time at which the particle is equally likely
τh
to be in either half of the well, select the correct value of ,
mL2
where h is the Planck’s constant, m is the mass of the particle and L is the width of the
well as defined above.
2 1
(a) (b)
3 3
1 4
(c) (d)
6 3
Ans: 43. (a)
Solution: For symmetric potential well ∞ ∞

2 πx 
φ1 ( x ) = cos   : Ground state eigenstate
L  L 

2  2π 
φ2 ( x ) = sin  x  : First excited state eigenstate
L  L 
L 0 L
−
nπ  2 2 2
π  4π  2 2 2 2
2 2
En = 2
. Therefore, E1 = 2
and E2 =
2mL 2mL 2mL2

ψ ( x, 0 )
Given=
1
2
(φ1 ( x ) + φ2 ( x ) )

The wave function at time t isψ ( x, t ) =

= e − iHt ψ ( x, 0 )
ˆ

2
e (
1 − iE1t 
φ1 ( x ) + e −iE2t φ2 ( x ) )
L2
1
∫ ψ ( x, t )
2
According to the question dx =
0
2

∫ ( (φ ( x ) ) + (φ ( x ) ) + e )
L2
1 1
φ ( x ) φ2 ( x ) + e −i( E − E )t φ2* ( x ) φ1 ( x ) dx =
i ( E1 − E2 )t  *
2 2
⇒ 1 2 1
1 2

2 0
2

π  2 2  2π
( )
L2 L2
1 2 1  1 2
⇒ ∫ cos 2  x  dx + ∫ sin  x dx + ⋅ e − i( E2 − E1 )t  + ei( E2 − E1 )t 

2 0
L L  2 0
L  L  2 L
 π x   2π 
L2
1
× ∫ cos   sin  x dx =
0  L   L  2

 π x   2π
L2
1 1 1 1 2  1
⇒ × + × + cos ( E2 − E1 ) t  ∫ cos   sin  x  dx =
2 2 2 2 L 0
L   L  2

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⇒
1 1 2
+ + cos ( E2 − E1 ) t  ×
4 1 π
0 ⇒ ( E2 − E1 ) t  =
= ⇒ cos ( E2 − E1 ) t  =
4 4 L 3π 2 2

 4π 2  2 π 2  2  t π 3π 2  2 t π t 2
⇒ − 2 
= ⇒ × =⇒ =
 2mL
2
2mL   2 2mL  2
2
mL 32

2τ
Put t =τ ⇒ = . 2
Thus correct option is (a).
mL 3
 
Q45. Consider the operator S ⋅ nˆ with eigenkets ± n̂ and eigenvalues ± where n̂ is a unit
2
 1
vector and S is the spin operator. A partially polarized beam of spin- particles
2
contains a 25-75 mixture of two pure ensembles, one with + ẑ
and the other with + x̂

S ⋅ xˆ
respectively. What is the ensemble average of ?

1 3 1 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 8 4 16
Ans: 45. (b)
Solution:
1 3
Given χ = + z+ + x
2 2

S ⋅ xˆ Sˆx σx 1 1
= = = σx = x σx χ ...(1)
  2 2 2

1 3  1 3 1 3
where σ x =
χ σx  + z + + x=
 σx + z + σx + x = − z+ + x
2 2  2 2 2 2

Thus from equation (1)


S ⋅ xˆ 1 1 3  1 3  1 3 3
=  +z+ + x − z + +=
x
=  
 2 2 2  2 2  2 4 8
Thus correct option is (b)

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Section A
Correct answer: +3, wrong answer: −1.
Q5. Consider a system of classical non-interacting particles constrained to be in the XY plane
1
V (=
x, y )
α ( x − y)
2
subject to the potential:
2
If they are in equilibrium with a thermal bath at temperature T, what is the average
energy per particle? The Boltzmann constant is k B .
5 1 3
(a) k BT (b) k BT (c) 2k BT (d) k BT
2 2 2
Ans: 5. (c)
2
px2 p y 1
Solution: Hamiltonian H = +
2m 2m 2
(
+ α x 2 + y 2 − 2 xy )
1 1 1 1
H = k BT + k BT + k BT + k BT − 0 = 2 k BT
2 2 2 2
Q6. There are three states of energy E, 0,−E available for the population of two identical non-
interacting spin less fermions. If they are in equilibrium at temperature T, what is the
1
average energy of the system? The Boltzmann constant is k B and consider β to be .
k BT

(a) 0 (b)
(
E eβ E − e− β E )
−β E βE
1+ e +e

(c)
(
E e− β E − eβ E ) (d)
(
E 2e − β E + e − β E − e β E − 2e 2 β E )
−β E βE −β E −β E βE 2β E
1+ e + e 2e +e +2+e +2
Ans: 6. (c)
∂
Solution: E = − ( ln Z ) where Z =
1 + e− β E + eβ E
∂β

∂ E e− β E − eβ E ( )
E =
−
∂β
−β E
ln 1 + e + e(βE
= −β E
1 + e + eβ E
)
Q25. A steam engine takes steam from a boiler at 2000 C (pressure 1.5 ×106 Pa) and exhausts
directly into the air at 1000 C (pressure 105 Pa). The maximum possible efficiency is
closest to:
(a) 78% (b) 21% (c) 50% (d) 93%
Ans: 25. (b)
 T   473 
Solution: η =1 − 2  =1 −  =0.211 or 21%
 T1   373 

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Section B
Correct answer: +9, wrong answer: −3.
Q26. A gas is in equilibrium at temperature T. Using the kinetic theory of gasses, compute the
following quantity:
 2
v
2 2 2
vx + vy + vz

where v represents the velocity vector with the components vx , v y , vz and ... represents

the thermal average of the quantity.

4 1
(a) 0 (b) (c) 1 (d)
3 3
Ans: 26. (b)
Solution:

 k T  2 kT k BT
v =2 B ⇒ v =
4 B and =
vx =
vy =
vz
m m m

 k T
v
2
4 B
m 4
Thus 2
= =
vx
2
+ vy + vz
2 k T 3
3 B
m
= TdS − PdV , and the definitions of the
Q27. Using the first law of thermodynamics dU
thermodynamic potentials H =
U + PV , F =
U − TS , G =−
H TS , work out the four
Maxwell relations. Using these compute:
 ∂T   ∂T   ∂P   ∂V 
χ=  +  +  + 
 ∂V  S  ∂P  S  ∂T V  ∂T  P
Which of the following does χ equal?

 ∂S   ∂S   ∂V   ∂P   ∂S   ∂S   ∂V   ∂P 
(a)   −  +  −  (b)   −  +  + 
 ∂V T  ∂P T  ∂S  P  ∂S V  ∂V T  ∂P T  ∂S  P  ∂S V

 ∂S   ∂S   ∂V   ∂P   ∂S   ∂S   ∂V   ∂P 
(c)   +  +  −  (d)   +  +  + 
 ∂V T  ∂P T  ∂S  P  ∂S V  ∂V T  ∂P T  ∂S  P  ∂S V
Ans: 27. (a)
Solution:
 ∂T   ∂P   ∂T   ∂V   ∂P   ∂S   ∂V   ∂S 
  = −  ,  =   ,  =  ,  = − 
 ∂V  S  ∂S V  ∂P  S  ∂S  P  ∂T V  ∂V T  ∂T  P  ∂P T

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Q30. One mole of an isolated ideal gas in equilibrium at pressure P1 , volume V1 , and

temperature T1 undergoes a process that changes its state. In the final state the gas is in

equilibrium at pressure P2 , volume V2 , and temperature T2 . Suppose the ratios of the final
and initial temperatures and pressures are:
T2 P2
=ηT = , ηP
T1 P1
Work out the change in entropy ∆S in the process. Take the heat capacities of the gas at
constant pressure and constant volume to be C p and Cv respectively, and the ideal gas

constant to be R.
(a) C p ln (ηT ) − R ln (η P ) (b) C p ln (ηT ) + R ln (η P )

(c) Cv ln (ηT ) − R ln (η P ) (d) Cv ln (ηT ) + R ln (η P )

Ans: 30. (a)

Solution:
dQ
dS = where=
dQ CV dT + PdV
T
 PV =RT ⇒ PdV + VdP =RdT ⇒ PdV =RdT − VdP
⇒ dQ = CV dT + RdT − VdP = ( CV + R ) dT − VdP = CP dT − VdP
T2 P T2 P
dQ dT 2 V dT 2 R T P
Thus ∆S = ∫ = ∫ P T − P∫ T dP =
C ∫T P T − P∫ P dP = CP ln T12 − R ln P12
C
T T1 1 1 1

Q48. A cylinder of height L and cross-section A placed vertically along the central axis is filled
with non-interacting particles each of mass m which are acted upon by a gravitational
force of magnitude mg in the downward direction. The system is maintained at a
Cv (T → 0 )
temperature T. What is the ratio , where Cv is the specific heat at constant
Cv (T → ∞ )

volume.
3 3
(a) (b)
5 2
1 5
(c) (d)
3 3
Ans: 48. (d)

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Solution:
p2 px2 + p y2 + pz2
Here, H = + mgz = + mgz
2m 2m
Single particle P.F. is
1 −β H
h3 ∫
Q1 = e d ω , d ω = dpx dp y dpz dx dy dz ...(1)

 px2 + p 2y + pz2 
∞ −  L mgz mgz L
1  2 mkT  1 − −
3 [
∫ ∫∫ e dpx dp y dpz ∫ dx ∫=
dy ∫ e dz 2π mkT ] × π R ∫ e kT dz
3
Q1 = 3   kT 2 2

h −∞ 0
h 0
3

 2π mkT   m  1 − e − β mgL
3
L mgz 2
−
2

Q1 = π R  ∫e dz = π R 
2 kT 2
2 
 ...(2)
 h  2π  β  β mg
2
0

π R2  m 
3

(1 − e ),
2
− β mgL
ln Q1 ln C β
−5
= C=
mg  2π  2 
2

∂ ln Q1 5 mgL e − β mgL 5 mgL

E = − = kT − ⇒ E = kT − β mgL ...(3)
∂β 2 1 − e − β mgL 2 e −1

When T → 0 , i.e. kT  mgL or β mgL  1 ; e β mgL − 1 ≈ e β mgL

5
∴ E T →0
=kT − mgL e − β mgL
2
5
E T →0
≈ kT ,  for β mgL  1 , e − β mgL → 0
2
5
∴ E T →0
= kT ...(4)
2
mgL
For second case, i.e. T → ∞ , kT  mgL or  1 or β mgL  1
kT
mgL mgL
∴ e β mgL − 1 ≈ 1 + −1 =
kT kT
5 mgL 3
E T →∞
= kT − = kT ...(5)
2 mgL 2
1+ −1
kT
From (4) & (5)
d 5 d 3
CV (T=
→ 0) =
E T →0 k; (T → ∞ )
CV= = E T →∞ k
dT 2 dT 2
CV (T → 0 ) 5 2 5
∴ = k× = ∴ (d) is correct.
CV (T → 8 ) 2 3k 3

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Q49. System A consists of 3 identical non-interacting bosons. System B consists of 2 identical
non-interacting bosons. They both have identical energy spectra - three non-degenerate
energy levels 0,∈, 2 ∈. The particles of A and B are distributed in various energy levels in
such a way that the total energy of the combined system is 4ϵ. The average energy of the
system A in units of ∈ is
(a) 2.2 (b) 2.3
(c) 2.1 (d) 2.4
Ans: 49. (b)
Solution:
AAA, BB
0 ε 2ε ETotal = 4ε EA EB

AAA – BB 4ε 0 4ε
AAB – AB 4ε 2ε 2ε
ABB – AA 4ε 4ε –
BB AA A 4ε 4ε –
AB AB A 4ε 3ε ε
AB AA B 4ε 2ε 2ε
AA AB B 4ε ε 3ε
AA BB A 4ε 2ε 2ε
B AAAB – 4ε 3ε ε
A AABB – 4ε 2ε 2ε
23ε
For system A, EA Total = 23ε ; =
E A = 2.3ε
10
17ε
For system B, EA Total = 17ε ; E=
B = 1.7ε
10

=
Note: ΩA
( ni +=gi − 1) ! ( 3 + 3 − 1)!
= =
10 ; ΩB
(2 =
+ 3 − 1)!
6
ni !( gi − 1)! 3 (!3 − 1)! 2!( 3 − 1)!

E = E A + EB = 2.3ε + 1.7ε = 4ε

∴ Average energy of system A is 2.3ε . So (b) is correct.

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 JEST Physics-2023
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Section A
Correct answer: +3, wrong answer: −1.
Q8. Consider all possible Boolean logic gates with 2 inputs and one output. How many such
gates can be constructed?
(a) 16 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 8
Ans: 8. (a)
Q13. A silicon crystal sample has 50 billion silicon atoms and 5 million free electrons. The
silicon crystal is additionally doped with 5 million pentavalent atoms. Assume that the
ambient thermal energy is much smaller than the bandgap of silicon. How many free
electrons and holes are there inside the silicon crystal?
(a) Number of electrons is 30 million and number of holes is zero.
(b) Number of electrons is 10 million and number of holes is zero.
(c) Number of electrons is 10 million and number of holes is 5 million.
(d) Number of electrons is 5 million and number of holes is 5 million.
Ans: 13. (b)
Q15. What is the 2′s complement representation of 11010110?
(a) 11010101 (b) 00101001
(c) 00101010 (d) 01101011
Ans: 15. (c)
Solution.:
1′s complement representation of 00101001
2′s complement representation of 00101001+1=00101010
Q24. Convert the octal number 37208 to its decimal equivalent.
(a) 100010 (b) 200010
(c) 202010 (d) 190010
Ans: 24. (b)
Solution.:
37208 = 3 × 83 + 7 × 82 + 2 × 81 + 0 × 80 = 1536 + 448 + 16 + 0 = 200010

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Section B
Correct answer: +9, wrong answer: −3.
Q40. Consider the Op-Amp differentiator presented in Figure (a). Take C = 0.002 µ F and
R=
f 2 k Ω . For a triangular wave input shown in the figure (b),

V
(a ) (b)
5V

Rf 10μs 20μs
t
C 5μs 15μs
−
Vout −5V
+

determine the output voltage waveform.

(a) (b)
V V
+4V
+8V
5μs 10μs 15μs 20μs t
5μs 10μs 15μs 20μs t −4V

−8V

(c) (d)
V V
+8V
+4V

5μs 10μs 15μs 20μs t 5μs 10μs 15μs 20μs t

−8V
−4V

Ans: 40. (a)

Solution.:

) ( 5 (− 0 ) ×10)
10 − 0
Output voltage =−Rf C
dvin
dt
= (
− 2 ×103 2 ×10−9 )( −6
=−8 volts (In +ve half

cycle)

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Q50. Consider the circuit shown in the figure below. C is the
capacitance of the capacitor, E is the voltage provided by
C
the battery and all the resistors are identical. What is the
charge stored in the capacitor in units of CE, once it is
fully charged.
E
3 5
(a) (b)
4 8
3 5
(c) (d)
8 4
Ans: 50. (b)
Solution.:
Let resistance of each be R.
R R

5 • 5
E R C R ≡ E R V0 R
3 3
•

5
R
3 5
=
Open Circuit Voltage across capacitor is V0 = E E
5 8
R+ R
3
5
Charge across capacitor is = =
Q0 CV0 CE
8

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 JEST Physics-2023
Solution- Waves and Optics
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Section A
Correct answer: +3, wrong answer: −1.
Q2. A beam of light is propagating through a block of glass with refractive index n. The block
is moving with a constant speed v in the direction opposite to that of the beam. The speed
of the light beam in the block as measured by an observer in the laboratory frame is:
c c
(a) (b)
2n n
c c − nv
(c) (d)
2n v
n−
c
Ans: 2. (d)
c
−v
c vLB − vEB n c − vn
Solution: vLB = , vBE =
−v, vEB =
v ;=
vLE = =
n v v v v
1 − LB 2 EB c n−
c 1− n2 c
c
Q3. A right-angled prism is placed in air (the refractive index of air is 1) and a light beam is
incident perpendicular to the base of the prism as shown in the figure. In order to get the
light beam totally reflected, the minimum value of the refractive index of the prism
should be
B

A
90°

3 π
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d) 2
2 2
Ans: 3. (d)
Solution:
µ g sin
= 45° µa sin 90° µa
1
µg ⋅ =
1
45°
µg
2

µg = 2

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Q9. If linearly polarized light is sent through two polarizers, the first at 450 to the original
axis of polarization and the second at 900 to the original axis of polarization, what
fraction of the original intensity passes through the last polarizer?
1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) 0 (d)
2 4 8
Ans: 9. (b)
Solution:

PPL PPL PPL

I0 I1 I2

θ = 45° θ = 90°

I0 I 1 I
= =
I1 I 0 cos 2
45° ; I 2= I1 cos 2 45°= 0 ⋅ = 0
2 2 2 4
Section B
Correct answer: +9, wrong answer: −3.
Q31. Two linear polarizers are placed coaxially with the transmission axis of the first polarizer
in the vertical orientation and the second polarizer in the horizontal orientation. A half
waveplate placed coaxially between these crossed polarizers is rotating about its axis at
an angular frequency ω . At t = 0 , the fast axis of the half waveplate was oriented
vertically. A beam of unpolarized light of intensity I 0 is incident along the axis of this

optical system. The output intensity measured by a detector after the beam passes through
this optical system is
I0 I0
(a) 1 + cos (ωt )  (b) 1 − cos ( 2ωt ) 
4 4
I0 I0
(c) 1 − cos ( 4ωt )  (d) 1 − cos (ωt ) 
4 2
Ans: 31. (c)
Solution:
I0 δ
I= sin 2 2θ sin 2
2 2
δ = π for HWP
I I I
I =0 sin 2 2θ =0 (1 − cos 4θ ) =0 1 − cos ( 4ωt ) 
2 4 4

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Q41. A beam of light of intensity I 0 = 120 W m 2 is incident on the optical system shown in the

figure. BS1 , BS 2 , BS3 , and BS 4 are ideal, 50/50 beamsplitters (reflects 50% and transmits

50% of incident light intensity). I1 , I 2 , I 3 , and I 4 are the total intensities measured by

detectors. What will be the intensity I 3 ?

I0
I4
BS1

I1 BS 4

BS3

I2 BS 2 I3

(a) 32 W/m2 (b) 20 W/m2

(c) 16 W/m2 (d) 12 W/m2
Ans: 41. (c)
Solution:
I0 1  I0  1  I0  I  1 1 
I3 = + 3  4  + 3  8  + ...= 03 1 + 4 + 8 + ...
2 2 2  2 2 
3
2  2 2 
120 1
I3 = × =
16 W m 2
8 1− 1
24

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