PHARMACISTS COUNCIL OF NIGERIA

PHARMACY TECHNICIANS TRAINING

CURRICULUM

2015

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PHARMACY TECHNICIANS’ COURSES AND COURSE CODES.

1.0 Numbering of Courses

COURSES NO.
 General Enrichment Courses: Citizenship, Entrepreneurship, English, 0

Computer, Statistics, Psychology, Primary health care.

 General Science Courses: Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics, 1

Microbiology

 General Science Practical Courses: Biology, Physics, Chemistry. 2

DEPARTMENTAL COURSES

 Seminars 0

 Principles of Pharmacy Technician Practice 1

 Action and Uses of Medicines 2

 Basic Dispensing Practical 3

 Anatomy and Physiology 4

 Basic Dispensing Theory 5

 Hospital/ Community and Industrial Practice 6

2.0. Numbering of Semesters

 First Semester: Odd numbers e.g. 1, 3, 5 etc.

 Second Semester: Even numbers e.g. 2,4,6 etc

3.0. Numbering of Year of Study

 Year One: 1
 Year Two: 2
 Year Three: 3

4.0. Sample of course coding

Example I: Basic Dispensing Theory BDP 352

3 represent Year of Study

5 represent Number of Course

2 represent Semester

2
YEAR 1: SEMESTER ONE

S/NO SUBJECT COURSE CREDIT

CODE UNIT
1. General Biology I BIO 111 3
2. General Chemistry I (Physical & Inorganic ) CHM111 3
3. General Physics I PHY 111 2
4. General mathematics I MTH111 3
5. Introduction to Computer ICT 101 2
6. Use of English ENG 101 2
7. Citizenship CTZ 101 2
8. Introduction to Entrepreneurship ETP 101 1
9. Introduction to Laboratory Techniques BDT 151 2
10. Introduction to Principles of Pharmacy Technician Practice PTP 111 2
Total 22

YEAR 1: SEMESTER TWO

S/NO SUBJECT COURSE CREDIT

CODE UNIT
1. General Biology II BIO 112 3

2. General chemistry II (Organic Chemistry) CHM 112 3

3. General Physics II PHY 112 2

4. General Biology Practicals BIO 122 1

5. General chemistry Practicals CHM 122 1

6. General Physics Practicals PHY 122 1

7. General Mathematics II MTH 112 2

8. Communication Skills ENG 102 2

9. Introduction to Action and Uses of Medicines AUM 122 3

10. Basic Dispensing Theory I BDT 152 3

11. Basic Microbiology I MCB 112 2

Total 23

3
YEAR 2: SEMESTER ONE

S/NO SUBJECT COURSE CREDIT

CODE UNIT
1. Action and Uses of Medicines I AUM 221 3
2. Basic Dispensing Theory II BDT 251 3
3. Pharmaceutical Calculations BDT 253 3
4. Anatomy and Physiology I ANA 241 3
5. Basic Dispensing Practical I BDP 231 3
6. Primary Health Care I PHC 201 2
7. Introduction to Statistics STA 211 2
8. Basic Microbiology II MCB 211 1

9. Logistics and Supply Chain Management System BDT 255 2

Total 22

YEAR 2: SEMESTER TWO (12 weeks)

S/NO SUBJECT COURSE CREDIT

CODE UNIT
1. Action and Uses of Medicines II AUM 222 3
2. Basic Dispensing Theory III BDT 252 2
3. Basic Dispensing Practical II BDP 232 3
4 Anatomy and Physiology II ANA 242 3

5
Logistics BDTT254
and Supply 2
Management
II
6. Introduction to Psychology PSY 202 2
7. Practice of entrepreneurship ETP 202 3
Total 18

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YEAR 3: SEMESTER ONE

S/NO SUBJECT COURSE CREDIT

CODE UNIT

1. Hospital/ Community and Industrial Practice HCP 361 6

2. Basic Dispensing Practical III BDP 331 3
3. Basic Dispensing Theory IV BDT 351 3
4. Action and Uses of Medicines III AUM 321 3
5. Computer Application in Pharmacy ICT 301 2

6. Seminar Presentation I SEM 301 2

Total 19

YEAR 3: SEMESTER TWO

S/NO SUBJECT COURSE CREDIT

CODE UNIT

1. ANA 342 3
Anatomy and Physiology III

2. Primary Health Care II PHC 302 2

3. Principles of Pharmacy Technician Practice II PTP 312 2

4. Action and Uses of Medicines IV PCL 322 3

5. Basic Dispensing Practical IV BDP 332 3

6. Basic Dispensing Theory V BDT 352 3

7. Seminar Presentation II SEM 302 2

Total 18

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1.0 GENERAL BIOLOGY I: Course Code Credit unit

1.1 Objectives BIO 111 3

At the end of the course, the students should:

 Have a good understanding of how the human body works;

 Be able to distinguish between living and non-living things;

 Be able to describe and differentiate plant cells from animal cells;

 Be able to understand elementary metabolic principles;

1.2 Course Content

1.2.1 Cell structure and functions of plants and animals

1.2.2 The cell as a unit (different types of cells from plants and animals);

1.2.3 Structure of Plants and Animal Cells

1.2.4 Cell constituents and their functions

1.2.5 Tissues (different types of tissues from different organs; (all this

should be treated from plant and animal kingdoms);

1.2.6 Photosynthesis, osmosis, diffusion, absorption;

1.2.7 Elementary consideration of the general anatomy of leaves,

roots, stems and flowers;
1.2.8 Respiration, transpiration
1.2.9 Water
-Chemical composition of pure water
- Types of water and their sources

2.0 GENERAL CHEMISTRY I Course Code Credit unit

(Physical & Inorganic chemistry) CHM 111 3

2.1 Objectives

2.2 COURSE Content

2.2.1 Nature of Matter

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 Definition of matter

States of matter

Physical and chemical changes.

2.2.2 Atoms and Molecules

Atoms, Structure of the atom

Molecules

Ions, Symbols of elements

Elements, compounds, mixtures.

Periodic table.

2.2.3 Acid, Bases and Salts

Definitions, physical and chemical properties

Uses

Efflorescence, deliquesce and hydroscopic substances

2.2.4 Types of reactions

Combinations, decomposition, displacement and catalytic reactions.

Oxidation-reduction reactions

Rate of reactions

Factors affecting rate of reactions

effects of the nature of reactants

effects of the concentration of reactants

effects of the surface area of contact

effects of temperature

effects of light

effects of catalyst

2.2.5 Water, Solution and Solubility

Different types of water

Hardness of water, types of hardness

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 Different method of softening hardness in water

Advantages and disadvantages of hard water to human beings and to

industries

Pharmaceutical uses of water

Solutions

Colloids

Suspensions

Solubility

2.2.6 Separation techniques.

Sieving Simple distillation.

Magnetic separation Fractional distillation

Evaporation Precipitation

Filtration Crystallization

Centrifugation Sublimation

Decantation Separating funnel method

3.0 GENERAL PHYSICS 1 Course Code Credit unit

3.1 Objectives: PHY 111 2

At the end of the course, students should understand :

 Thermal Physics

 Laws of thermodynamics

 Heat Property and Heat Transfer

 Sound and Optics

3.2 Course Content

3.2.1 Laws of thermodynamics

3.2.2 Zeroth Law of thermodynamics,

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3.2.3 Heat transfer, conduction, convection, radiation, first and second laws of

themodynamics, thermal energy. Gas laws. Kinetic theory of gases. Black body radiation.

3.2.5 Heat Property and Heat Transfer

- Temperature

-Calorimetry

- Change of State

- Critical points.

3.2.6 Thermal Physics:

-Thermal Energy,

-gas laws,

- kinetic theory of gases,

- black body radiation.

3.2.7 Sound and Optics:

- Production of sound by vibrating solids,

-Speed of sound in solids, liquid and gases;

-Vibrating air columns, intensity, pitch and quality, response of the ear to

sound waves, interference of sound waves.

- Reflection at plane surfaces, image formation refraction, dispersion,

transmission and absorption of light waves,

-Spherical mirrors, thin lenses, combination of lenses, lens aberrations,

optical instruments resolving power of microscope.

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4.0 GENERAL MATHEMATICS I Course Code Credit unit

MTH 111 3

4.1 Objectives

At the end of the course, the student should understand:

 Algebra of real numbers

 Binomial Theory

 Indices and surds

 Logarithms

 Equations

 Simultaneous equations

 Quadratic equations

 Solution of inequalities

 Polynomials and their factorization

 Binomial theory for positive integral index

 Rational Fractions and partial fractions

4.2 Course Content

Algebra of real numbers (Quadratic equations, indices, surds, logarithms,

Binomial theorem for positive integral index, solution of inequalities,

Polynomials and their factorization.

Rational fraction and Partial Fraction).

5.0 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER Course Code Credit unit

5.1 Concept of Software, ICT 101 2

5.1.1 Distinguish between the low-level and high-level languages.

5.1.2 Explain source and object programs.

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 5.1.3 Define a translator.

5.1.4 Describe types of translators; assembler, compiler, interpreter.

5.1.5 Explain the use of package programs.

5.2 Types of Computer data processing systems

5.2.1 Define batch processing. Real time processing, time sharing and distributed

processing.

5.2.2 Differentiate between Batch processing, Real time processing. time

sharing and distributed processing systems.

5.3.Principles of Data Transmission

5.3.1 Define Data transmission.

5.3.2 Explain the term telecommunication.

5.3.3 State different methods of data transmission.

5.3.4 List Data transmission speeds.

6.0 USE OF ENGLISH Course Code Credit unit

ENG 101 2

6.1 Objectives:

At the end of the course, students should be able to :

 Effectively communicate in English Language

 Write Technical reports

 Make public presentations

6.2 Course Content

6.2.1 Effective Communication and writing in English,

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 6.2.2 Language skills, writing of essay, comprehension, sentence construction.

6.2.3 Outline and paragraphs, collection and organization of materials and logical

presentation,

6.2.4 Oral Communication (Logical presentation of papers, Phonetics, instruction

on lexis, Art of public speaking and oral communication.

6.2.5 Figures of speech.

7.0 CITIZENSHIP Course Code Credit unit

CTZ 101 2

7.1 Objectives

On completion of this course, the student should be able to:

 Understand the Nigerian Constitution;

 Explain the term constitution.

 Distinguish the different types of constitutions.

 Highlight some provisions of an international constitution.

 Assess the effectiveness of international constitution.

 Recognise the supremacy of the Nigerian Constitution to other

laws with emphasis on the 1999 constitution (As amended).

 Evaluate the main parts of the Nigerian constitution.

 Draft a constitution for an association.

 Trace the historical development of the Nigerian constitution.

 Discuss the merits and demerits of each of the Nigerian

constitutions.

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  Explain the concept of "rule of Law".

7.2 Course Content

7.3 The Federal System of Government in Nigeria

7.3.1 Describe a Federation

7.3.2 Distinguish a federation from a confederation.

7.3.3 Outline the basis for the federal system in Nigeria.

7.3.4 Examine the evolution, structure and functions of the federal system in Nigeria.

7.3.5 Analyse the relationships among the three tiers of government in Nigeria.

7.3.6 Evaluate the revenue allocation formula in operation in Nigeria.

7.3.7 Compare and contrast other Federations with Nigeria.

7.4.0 Rights and Obligations of Nigerian Citizens

7.4.1 The constitutional rights and obligations of Nigerian citizens

7.4.2 Examine the significance of rights and obligations in Nigeria. :

7.4.3 Assess government's protection of fundamental human rights as contained In

the Nigeria Constitution.

7.4.4 Evaluate the responsibilities and duties of Nigerian citizens and the benefits for

performing them.

7.4.5 Assess the responsibilities and duties of constituted authority to the people;

7.4.6 Evaluate the responsibilities and duties of government to the people.

7.5.0 Citizenship

7.5.1 citizenship:

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7.5.2 Discuss the significance of citizenship.

7.5.3 Analyse the principles and benefits of citizenship.

7.5.4 Explain the differences in the modes of acquiring citizenship.

7.5.5 Evaluate the merits and demerits of each type of citizenship.

7.5.6 Analyse the basis for the acquisition and withdrawal of Nigerian citizenship.

7.5.7 Examine the benefits derivable from Nigerian citizenship.

7.6.0 Fundamental Objectives and Directive Principles of Stale Policy In

Nigeria

7.6.1 State the fundamental obligations of government as provided in the

constitution.

7.6.2 Explain the general provisions of the fundamental objectives and directive

Principles of State Policy.

7.6.8 Explain the Political, economic, social and educational policies of Nigeria.

7.6.9 Explain the directive principles and policy of the Nigerian government on Culture,

the mass media, national ethics and duties of the citizen.

7.6.10 Assess the conformity, Observance and application of the fundamental

objectives and directive principles of state policy by governments and people of Nigeria.

7.6.11 Recommend improvements on the provisions, conformity,

7.6.12 Observance and application of the fundamental objectives and directive

principles of State policy.

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8.0 INTRODUCTION TO ENTREPRENEURSHIP Course Code Credit unit

ETP 101 1

8.1 OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the course, students should:

 Understand the roles of entrepreneurship in the development of the economy

 Know the level of aspiration, perseverance and personal efficacy of an entrepreneur.

8.2.0 Course Content

8.2.1 Explain the philosophy, values, scope, need and Characteristics of Entrepreneurship

8.2.2 Explain the profiles of local Entrepreneurship

8.2.3 Identify dangers of over reliance on wage/employment.

8.2.4 Evaluate the advantages of Self Employment in an environment.

8.2.5 Demonstrate high sense of innovation, creativity and independence.

8.2.6 Explain the process of acquiring high sense of information seeking and ability in operating
enterprise.

8.2.7 Identify various risks and remedies involved in operating an enterprise.

8.2.8 Evaluate pilot projects considering resource, time, personnel, equipment, money, materials,
etc.

8.2.9 Demonstrate leadership and leadership skills by mobilizing resources for establishing an
enterprise.

8.2.10 Demonstrate high level problem solving techniques in overcoming internal and external
constraints.

8.2.11 Explain how entrepreneurs can contribute through their productivity to the industrial and
economic development of Nigeria.

8.2.12 Explain the spirit of Achievement Motivation Test (A.M.T).

9.0 INTRODUCTION TO LABORATORY TECHNIQUES

Course Code Credit unit
BDT 151 2
Practical Aspects: Incorporate into the theory classes.
9.1 OBJECTIVES:
 Preparing students with basic requirement for practical
dispensing and equipment used in dispensing
 How to conduct themselves in the laboratories.

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 9.2.0 COURSE CONTENT:

10.2.1 Definition of dispensing

9.2.2 Dress code.

9.2.3 Scope of dispensing

9.2.4 List of equipment used in dispensing lab/reference books

9.2.5 Fundamental operations in compounding
-Weighing Techniques using different types of balances(Class A,
Class B, Beam, Electronic balances)
Calibration of bottles and measurement of liquids

- clarification (a. straining, b. filtration, c. Decantation)

- dissolution
- mixing
- Size reduction (grinding)
- Size separation (sifting)
9.2.6 Identification of dosage forms
9.2.7 Identification of Containers and closures for dispensed products

10.0 INTRODUCTION TO PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACY TECHNICIAN PRACTICE

Course Code Credit unit
PTP 111 2
10.1 Objectives

 To educate the student on the roles and functions of Pharmacists,

Pharmacy Technicians and other healthcare personnel in the health care

delivery system and interpersonal relation.

 To emphasize the implication of violating the rules.

10.2.0 Course Content

10.2.1 Definition of Pharmacist (functions and roles of Pharmacists);

10.2.2 Definition of a Pharmacy Technician (functions and roles vis-à-vis his
relationship to the Pharmacist);
10.2.3 Legal limitations of a Pharmacy Technician;
10.2.4 Legal definition of poison as it relates to pharmacy.

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 10.2.5 Relationship between the Pharmacy Technician and other Health Workers;
10.2.6 Relationship between the Pharmacy Technician and the patient.
10.2.7 A general discussion on the need for maintenance of good conduct and
ethics.
10.2.8 Presentation of good image and self-discipline e.g.
NO Smoking in the Pharmacy.

10.2.9 FUNCTIONS AND ROLES OF DRUG REGULATORY AGENCIES:

12.1 Pharmacists Council of Nigeria (PCN), National Agency for Food and Drug
Administration and Control (NAFDAC), National Drug Law Enforcement
Agency( NDLEA), States Ministries of Health and Federal Ministry of Health
, Hospitals Management Boards, Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria(PSN),
Consumer Protection Council(CPC), Standard Organization of Nigeria(SON).
Total 22

Note: The need to be neat and properly dressed in white short-sleeved, overalls (white
coat) with blue collar, a name-tag and designation (e.g. Mr. O. Joe, P. Technician)
to be made, compulsory in training and practice.

YEAR 1 : SEMESTER TWO

Course code Credit unit

11.0 GENERAL BIOLOGY II: B10 112 3
11.1. Objectives

At the end of the course, the students should:

 Have a good understanding of how the human body works;

 Understand Asexual and Sexual Reproduction

 Understand evolutionary trends

 Understand ecological factors affecting the environment

 Understand taxonomy of plants and animals

11.2.0 COURSE CONTENT

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 11.2.1 Reproduction, genetics-hereditary substances, mechanism of

nuclear division and new cell formation;

11.2.2 Evolution, natural selection and evolution as a continuous

process;

11.2.3 Difference between sexual and asexual reproduction

11.2.4 Study of the environment

-Ecological factors affecting the environment

- Evolution

- Genetics and Hereditary

-Evolutionary Trends (Evolution as continuous process)

-Natural selection

11.2.5 Taxonomy of plants and animals

-classification of plants and animals

-Scientific Nomenclature

12.0 GENERAL CHEMISTRY II CHM 112 3

(Organic Chemistry)
12.1.0 Objectives:
At the end of the course, the students should be able to:

 Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated compounds

 Identify , perform basic tests on compounds

 Understand concept of aromaticity

12.2.0 Course Content

12.2.1 Introduction to organic chemistry IUPAC nomenclature, elemental

analysis and molecular formula, structural isomerism. Isolation and

purification methods.

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 12.2.2 The concept of functional groups, resonance and aromaticity. A brief

study of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, cyclic hydrocarbons, alcohols,

alkyl halides; ethers, esters, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amines and

aromatic compounds Comparisons of phenols, alkyl halides and aromatic amines

with their aliphatic analogues. Common synthetic polymers and their uses.

12.2.3 Introduction to carbohydrates, proteins, oils and fats and optical isomerism.

13.0 GENERAL PHYSICS II PHY 112 2

Electromagnetism & Modern Physics

13.1 Objectives

At the end of the course, students should understand:

 Electrostatics and laws of electromagnetism

 Radioactivity and its application

13.2.0 Course Content

13.2.1 Electrostatics, Coulomb's law, Gauss' law, simple applications, electric

field, electrostatics potential Energy in electric field, capacitance.

Insulators, conductors, dielectrics; polarization Electric current Ohm's law,

circuit analysis. Thermo electricity Magnetic effect of currents. Ampere's

law and its applications. Permanent magnetism, earth magnetic field.

Faraday's law of induction. Alternating current AC circuits. Measuring

devices. Motion of charge particles in electricity through gases, for

electrons. X-rays

Basic Practical Physics

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 14.0 General Biology Practical BIO 122 1

15.0 General Chemistry Practical CHM122 1

16.0 General Physics Practical PHY122 1

17.0 GENERAL MATHEMATICS II MTH112 2

17.1 Objectives

At the end of the course, students should understand:

 Basics of integral integral calculus

 Simple trigonometry

17.2 Course Content

17.2.1 Definitions, use of the sign process, formulae for sum,

product and quotient, the chain rule, differentiation of simple algebraic
trigonometric exponential and deferential and logarithmic functions and
fundamental theory of integral calculus, simple application to areas and
volumes, methods of integration.

17.2.2 Trigonometry (definitions and elementary properties of trigonometric

function, radian measure

-Periodicity of circular functions,

-Addition formulae and other basic identities).

18.0 COMMUNICATION SKILLS ENG102 2

18.1 Objectives:

Student should be able to:

 Understand the concept of communication

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  Know how to make oral presentations

 Know the essential elements of correspondence

 Know the rule of comprehension and interpretation

18.2 COURSE CONTENT

18.2.1 Basic Communication

- Define communication.

- Analyse the process of communication.

Analyse the purposes of communication.

- Explain the relationship between communication and language.

- Explain the impact of interference on communication at various levels, e.g.

phonological, syntactic etc.

- Explain code-mixing, code-switching and Dissonance in communication.

18.2.2 Oral Presentations

- Label a diagram of the organs of speech.

- Describe the functions of the organs in above in speech production.

- List the phonemes of English.

- Produce correctly each of the phonemes listed in above.

- Pronounce correctly by making distinctions between the different sound contrasts

in the consonantal and vowel systems of English.

- Explain the principles of effective speaking, viz., correct use of stress, rhythm,
and intonation patterns. 2.7 Read fluently.

18.2.3 Correspondence
- List the various type of correspondence, e.g. letter, memo, circular, etc.

- Explain the various parts of a letter.

- Differentiate between formal and informal letter formats.
- Explain the characteristics of styles suitable 'for formal and informal letters.
- Explain the functions of the first, middle and last paragraphs.

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 -Write a formal and an informal letter.

18.2.4 Comprehension and Interpretation.

- Identify main ideas in a given passage.

- Differentiate the main ideas from the details in a passage.

-Use the main idea to anticipate specific details in a passage.

-Use context clues to aid comprehension.

- Identify relationship patterns of ideas in a passage.

- Use context clues such as' definitions. Re-statement(s) and examples to derive

meaning.

-Explain how 'affixes modify meanings.

- Interpret figurative language in a passage.

- Draw conclusions from available information.

19.0 INTRODUCTION TO ACTION AND USES OF MEDICINES AUM 122 3

19.1 Objectives
At the end of the course students should be able to :
 Describe sources of common medicines
 Understand terms in Pharmacology
 Fate of common medicines
19.2 Course Content
19.2.1 Definition of Pharmacology
19.2.2 Origin/History of Pharmacology
19.2.3 Definition of Medicine and Drugs
19.2.4 Differences between Medicine and Drugs
19.2.5 Fate of Medicines (Absorption, Distribution, Receptor affinity, metabolism
and excretion)

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 19.2.6 Sources of Medicines, e.g plant, animal, mineral sources
19.2.7 Branches of Pharmacology,
19.2.8 Terms in Pharmacology, e.g. Dose, Dosage Forms, Side Effects, ,
Contra –Indication, Antagonism, Tolerance, Addiction, Dependence,
Sensitivity, Hypersensitivity, Compliance, Synergism, Potentiation,
Cumulative Effects, Chemotherapy, Therapeutics, Allergy, Abuse/Misuse
of drugs, etc.

20.0 BASIC DISPENSING THEORY I BDT 152 3

20.1 Objective

 To expose the students to the different types of Pharmaceutical

preparations.

 To expose students to prescriptions and labels.

 To prepare the students for safe dispensing of medicines.

 To expose them to the use of common equipment use in Pharmacy.

 To expose them to packaging and packaging materials in

pharmaceutical preparation

20.2 Course content

20.2.1 ) SOLID DOSAGE FORMS

Definition

Types of powders

Compounding

Packaging and Storage of powders and granules

Preparation of granules

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  Wet Granulation

 Dry Granulation

Packaging and Storage of Powders and Granules

20.2.2 TABLET AND CAPSULES

 Definitions

 Advantages and Disadvantages of tablet

 Reasons for the popularity of tablets

 Tablet excipients and their uses

 Process/steps in tableting machines with illustration

- Die filling

- Tablet formation

- Tablet Ejection

 Tablet coating

- Definition

- Reasons for coating

- Types of coating

20.2.3) CAPSULES

 Types of capsules and sizes

 Advantages and disadvantages of capsules

 Lets and capsules

 How to swallow tablet

 Packaging of tablets and capsules and Storage

20.2.4) SUPPOSITORIES AND PESSARIES

 Definitions

 Advantages and disadvantages of suppositories

 Reasons for the formulation of suppositories

 Suppository processes(list and explain briefly)

 Proprieties of an ideal suppository base

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  Uses of pessaries

 Ds of production of pessaries

 Packaging of suppositories and pessaries

 Storage.

21.0 BASIC MICROBIOLOGY I MCB 112 2

INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY
21.1 Objectives
 Definition,
 Classification of micro organisms,
 History,
 Classification-Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses, Cell structures, components, scope)
 Benefit of micro organisms

21.2 Course Content

21.2.1 Living Cells Classification (Eukaryotic Cells, Prokaryotic Cells)

21.2.2 Size and shape of Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells

21.2.3 The cell and cell membrane,

21.2.4 The cytoplasm,

21.2.5 External cellular structures,

21.2.6 Endospores.

21.2.7 Introduction to Microscope

- Types of microscopes : (light microscope, dark-field microscope, phase-contrast

microscope, fluorescent microscope, Electron microscope)

- Simple and differential staining techniques

Total 23

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YEAR 2: SEMESTER ONE
Course code Credit unit
22.0 ACTION AND USES OF MEDICINES I AUM 221 3
22.1 Objectives

At the end of the course, the students should be able to:

 Discuss the uses and actions of commonly used medicines;

 Have a good understanding of the Essential Medicines Concept;

 Classification of drugs by actions
 Describe medicines used in various body system e.g
- Anti- diarrhoea
-Anti-malaria

 .
22.2 Course Content

22.2.1 Drug Nomenclature (Generic Names, Proprietary Names, and

Brand Names).
22.2.2 Route Of Drug Administration (Oral Rout, Intravenous Routes,
Subcutaneous Routes, Rectal Routs, Inhalation, Instillation, External
Application,
22.2.3 Drug Dosages and Factors that Modify the Effects (Dosage Forms, Route
of Administration, Time of Administration, Age, Sex, Rate of Elimination,
Medication Errors, Patients Compliance, Tolerance, Physiological Variables,
Pathology of the , Genetic Factors, Drug Interactions.

22.2.4 Classification of Drugs By Actions

1. Gastro intestinal System Drugs(Antacids, Anti Spasmodic, Ulcers
Healing Drugs, Anti -Diarrhoeal)
2. Respiratory System Drugs( Expectorants, Bronchodilators,
Corticosteroids)
3. Anti –Infective Drugs (Anti -bacterial, Anti- fungal, Anti- Viral, Anti
–Protozoa, etc.
4. Skeletal, Musculoskeletal and Joint Diseases Drugs (Relaxants, Anti
- Rheumatics)
5. Antiseptics
6. Disinfectants
7. Germicides

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 8. Analgesics and Antipyretic.

23.0 BASIC DISPENSING THEORY I1 BDT251 1

23.1 Objectives

23.2 Course Content

23.2.1 Dosage Forms

- Definition of dosage forms

- Components of an ideal dosage form(active ingredients and excipients)

- Classification of dosage forms(with suitable examples and definitions)

- Solid dosage form

- Liquid dosage forms(including parenterals)

- Semi solid dosage forms

- Gases and aerosols

23.2.2 Prescriptions

- Definition of prescriptions

- Qualities of an ideal prescription

- Types of prescription(with suitable illustrations)

- Prescription terms and their meanings

23.2.3 Labels and labelling

- Definition of labels

- Functions of labels

- Qualities of an ideal label

- Types of label six (Auxiliary labels, special instructions)

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23.2.4 General Dispensing Procedure

- Definition of dispensing

- Steps taken while dispensing(outline and explain)

- Unit Dose Dispensing System(UDSS)- Concept and importance

- Identifying the various packaging materials available for different

preparations

- Explanation on mode of addressing patients

- Essential Drug Policy and Essential Medicine List

24.0 PHARMACEUTICAL CALCULATIONS EDT253 3

FUNDAMENTALS OF MEASUREMENT AND CALCULATION

24.1 Objectives

 To expose students to measures and calculations

 To understand students to systems and unit of measurements

 To expose students to calculations of dosage forms

 To understand application and manipulations on formulae

 To expose students to density and volumes, dilutions and concentrations

24.2 Course Content

24.2.1 (Numbers and Numerals, kinds of numerals, enumeration and notations,

Significant numbers, estimations, percentage errors, aliquot methods, of

measurement and decimal fractions, ratio, proportion and variations)

24.2.2 METRIC SYSTEM OF MEASUREMENT (Tables of metric system, measures,

Apothecaries weights, avoidopouis measure of weight.

24.2.3 CALCULATION OF DOSAGES (Approximate/ exact equivalents, calculation

of doses for children, miscellaneous dosage problems)

24.2.4 REDUCTION AND ENLARGEMENT OF FORMULAE (Amount of ingredient

28
 in a formulation, proportion of ingredients in a formulation;
24.2.5 DENSITY, SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND SPECIFIC VOLUMES 2

Computations in a volume, weight in relation to volume of liquid

preparation.

24.2.6 PERCENTAGES IN PREPARATIONS (Percentage weight –in-weight, Weight-

in- volume, volume in weight, ratio of measure of strength)

24.7 DILUTION AND CONCENTRATION (Relation between strength and total

quantity, dilution of liquids from concentrated stocks, solution, dilution and

concentration of solids, alligation methods of dilution.

24.2.8 Isotonic Solution (Table of sodium Chloride equivalents)

25.0 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY I ANA241 3

25. 1 Objectives

At the end of the course, students should be able to understand and discuss:

 Body cavities , body fluids and homeostasis

 The human cell, cell division and transport across cell membranes
 Body tissues, types of tissues, types of membranes, skeletal muscle
and body joints;
 Cardiovascular system
 Blood cells and blood vessels
 Respiratory system

25.2 Course Content

25.2.1 Body cavities: (Briefly name and discuss the four body cavities)

25.2.2 Body fluids:

• Describe the body fluids compartments.
• List the contents of the ECF and the ICF.
25.2.3 Homeostasis:
• Mechanism in the regulations of body fluids, osmosis.
25.2.3 The cell:
• Describe the human cell: somatic cell and the gametes
25.2.4 Cell division:

29
 • Mitosis and Meiosis
25.2.5 Transport across the cell membrane:
• solvent drag.
25.2.6 Tissues:
• List the tissues epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous
tissues.
25.2.7 Membranes:

• Differentiate between Mucous and serous membrane.

25.2.8 The skeletal system.
• The axial and the appendicular skeleton.
• List the 5-types of bones: long bone, short bones, irregular bones,

Flat bones and sigmoid bones.

• Identify them in the skeleton.
25.2.9 Joint:
• Identify and explain the 3 types of joints in the body: synovial joint,
Cartilaginous joint and fibrous joint,
• Functions of the skeleton.
25.2.10 The skeletal muscles.
• Explain the functions of the muscles as: synergist, antagonist,
fixator and prime movers.

25.2.11 The cardiovascular system:

• Blood, blood vessels and the Heart.
25.2.12 Blood cells:

• Erythrocytes, Leucocytes, Thrombocytes.

• Functions of the blood cells: 02 transportation, Body defence,

Blood clotting.

25.2.13 Identify the major blood vessels:

• Differentiate between arteries and veins

• Blood capillaries.

25.2.14 Describe the Heart:

• Describe the circulation of blood in the Heart: Pulmonary and

Systemic Circulation, Lymphatic system.

25.2.15 Respiratory system:

• Describe and differentiate between the right and the left lungs

30
 • Describe the mechanism of inspiration and expiration

• Distinguish between external and internal respiration.

• Transportation of gases 1.7.1 Lung volumes:

25.2.16 Tidal volume, Inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume

and the residual volume.

26.0 BASIC DISPENSING PRACTICAL I BDP 231 3

26.1 Objectives
To expose students to hands on practical involving powders and reconstitution,
dilutions and simple mixtures.

26.2.1 Powders
 Bulk powders used internally
 Dusting powders
 Powders for reconstitution
26.2.3 Aromatic Waters and Dilutions
22.2.4 Simple Mixtures(Solutions)

27.0 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE I PHC 201 2

27.1 Objectives:

On completion of this course, the student should be able to:

 Understand the concept of Primary Health Care and the development

of Nigerian Health system.

 Understand the concept of Health and discuss factors that can affect

health

 Reproductive Health and Family Planning

 Integrated Maternal and Child health, and the role of Pharmacy

Technicians in this.

 Care of the elderly.

31
  Patient counselling

27.2 Course Content

27.2.1 Explain the definition of concept of Health with examples

- Discuss the factors that affect health especially in Nigeria e.g. Culture.

- List common sources of Healthcare in Nigeria

- Define PHC according to WHO

- List components of PHC

- Identify the role of PHC in the Nigerian Health System (NHS) as being a central
focus.

- Describe the 3-tier of NHS and discuss the relationship between them.

- Describe PHC approach of the Nigerian Health system

27.2.2 Health Education

-Explain the assumption of Health Education

- Explain the principles of Health Education

- Discuss the factors that promote effective Health Education

- Describe the elements of good communication

- List and perform the various methods of communication in passing

Health messages to the clients.

27.2.3 Maternal and Child Health (MCH)

- Define Reproductive Health

- Explain the role of father, mother and child in reproductive Health

and right

- Provide specific adolescent reproductive health services of drug

abuse, adolescent pregnancy education.

- Provide information and education voluntary counselling and

testing (VCT) on HIV/Aids

- Identify the probable and positive signs of pregnancy

- Discuss family planning methods and types available

- Explain the advantages of family planning

32
 - Stimulate the acceptance of family planning services to the

clients or in the community.

- Role of Pharmacy Technician in Integrated Community Case Management

(ICCM), Integrated Maternal and Child Illnesses (IMCIs), Bundling of Mama Kits,

etc.

27.2.4 Care of the Aged

- Define care of the aged

- Discuss the process of aging

- Explain the medical classification in use for the aged

- Discuss Aged common problems affecting them such as failing sight etc

- Discuss preventive measures and treatment

-Describe the resources and facilities available in the facilities to help them and

how to contain them.

- Discuss appropriate counselling techniques on how these resources and

- Facilities can be utilized to care for the aged e.g. Development
committee (VDC) Religious bodies.

28.0 INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS STA 211 2

28.1 Objectives

On completion of this course, the student will be able to define statistics,

understand sources of statistical data, procedures for collection of data and applications

of statistics.

28.2 Course Content

28.2.1 Define statistics

28.2.2 Identify various sources of statistical data (e.g social, economics,

health, biological, demographic and industrial).

33
28.2.3 State important uses of statistics.

28.2.4 State uses of statistical data.

28.2.5 Explain qualitative data.

28.2.6 Data collection procedures

29.0 Basic Microbiology II MCB211 3

29.1 Objectives
At the end of the course, students should be able to :

 Understand host parasite and relationship between them

 Discuss microbial diseases and anti bacterial therapy
 Sterilization procedures
 Microbial cultivation ,growth and control
 Microbial metabolism
 Virology
29.2 Course Content

29.2.1 Host Parasite Relationship (Mutation and Resistance

Development Immunity (Definition, Natural and Acquired

immunity)

29.2.2 Microbial Diseases & anti Microbial Therapy (Mechanisms of

Action, Selective Toxicity, Drug Resistance, Common Anti

Microbial Agents and Uses)

29.2.3 Sterilization (Factors Affecting Sterilization,

Methods Of Sterilization: Mechanical, Chemical & Gaseous Means
Of Sterilization, Etc.)

29.2.4 Bacteriology: (Definition, Morphology, Cytology, Descriptions, Sizes,

Shapes, Structures, Cell Constituents, Taxonomy, Nomenclature, Classification)

29.2.5 Nomenclature of Micro Organisms

34
 29.2.6 Chemical Basis of Microorganism (Elemental Atoms,

Molecules, Acids & Bases, Organic Compounds)

29.2.7 Microbial Metabolism (Cellular Respiration, Photosynthesis,

Energy Fixing Reaction, Carbon Fixing Reaction, Chemical Reaction)

29.2.8 Microbial Cultivation & Growth (Growth Requirements, Cultivation,

Reproduction Growth)

29.2.9 Control Of Microbial Growth (Methods Of Control-

Chemical, Antibiotics/ Physical)

29.2.10 Virology (Definition, Composition of a virus, Shape of virus, Size of

virus, Origin of virus, Spread of viruses, Cells virus infects, Virus and

immune response, Structure of a virus ,Life cycle of a basic virus ,Virus

Replication Cycle, Virus classification)

30 .0 LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM I BDT255 2

30.1 Objectives: At the end of the course students should understand:

- Ordering of drugs and process of drug stocking
- Calculations on cost of medicines ordered
- Monitoring and preventing stock out
- Isuing of medicines
- Quantification
- Supply management
- Drug storage and store management
- Stock accounts

30.2 Course Content

30.2.1 Steps For Ordering Drug

(i) Data collection for estimating medicine requirements;

35
 (ii) The ordering intervals, i.e. how often to order;

(iii) The common medicines needed;

(iv) Calculation of the amount of medicines needed

within a specified ordering interval based on local and

seasonal usage (e.g. measles vaccine prior to measles

outbreak).

(v) Completion of medicines requisition form;

(vi) Calculation of the cost of the medicines ordered.

30.2.2 Steps For Stocking Medicines

i. Receipt of medicines;

ii. Keeping record of medicines received;

iii. Completion of a ledger form for each item (adding the new

quantity received to that already in stock).

iv. Stacking medicines on shelves or in refrigerators as appropriate

for each

30.2.3 Storage

i. Storage of mixtures, galenicals, ointments, creams;

ii. Conditions governing storage – temperature, heat

and light;

iii. Labelling of preparations for all purposes;

iv. First- to Expire-First – Out(FEFO) principles. Use of expiry dates.

30.2.4 Steps Involved In Issuing Medicines

i. Filing of requisition from requesting unit;

ii. Evaluating of requisition;

iii. Issuing of medicines;

36
 iv. Balancing ledger-book for each item by subtracting the

issued from previous balance;

v. Ensuring that the receiving unit signs receipt voucher;

30.2.5 Quantifying Essential Medicines Needed By Requesting Units:

i. Determining how often to order medicines (i.e. ordering intervals)

ii. Identifying how many people are treated with within the ordering

intervals.

iii. Keeping records of the quantity of medicines used for treatment.

30.2.6 Steps Involved In Supplies Management

i. Listing the supplies required;

ii. Ordering the supplies;

iii. Receiving and stocking supplies;

iv. Maintaining equipment using a routine maintenance schedule; I

v. Issuing supplies;

vi. Maintaining an inventory of expendable and non-expendable material;

30.2.7 Introduction to Store Management

(Definition, Store, Ownership of store, store keeper, responsibilities, store

safety, store organization, receipts and issues)

30.2.8 Requisition for Stores (LPOs ,issues from higher stores, and or mod

receipts, donations from voluntary organizations, NGOs,State

Governments, forms for Requisition)

30.2.9 Store Keeping (Data collection, estimation of stock requirements, rate of

use of stock) amir, earmark, dues in dues out, target figure, provision,
stock labellng-for all purposes, fifo ' principles ,use of expiry dates, bill
control, storage of mixtures, galenicals, ointments, metals, equipments)
Receipts and Inspections(outside supply, consignment, packing notes,
checking for quality and quantity, damage report, inspection before and
after delivery, despatch inside and out-side, inspection by commanding
officer/dc stores, inspection by board of survey, stock verification exercise

37
 by internal and external auditors, receipts by sea or air routes, stock value
calculation by LPO system)

30.2.10 stock keeping(receipt of drugs, stock records; binor tally cards, ledger

and fouo cards; maintaining ledger form' balancing of ledgers and bin
cards, authorization and inspection)

shelving (refrigerators, locked up cupboards, stores arrangements,

inspection, dda cupboards) storage conditions(temperature, heat, light,
moisture, others)

30.2.11 Issuing from Stock ( processing requisition, approval by authorising

officer, distribution schedules, determination of quantity to be issued

outside distribution schedule)

30.2.12 check for proper balancing( balancing stores and ledger, filling of rv/iv,

sign & return vouchers)

30.2.13 Store safety (burglary, hazards of fire, chemicals, natural disaster,

pilferage, security of records, backup systems)

30.2.14 store accounting (value of stock, methods of pricing, deficiencies and

surpluses, use of iv/rv, tallying with cards)

30.2.15 Stock accounts (capital account, petty cash account, sales journal/sales

ledger and balancing, credit transactions, joint ventures, partnership

account, bills payable/receivables bills book, control account books).

Total 24

YEAR 2 : SEMESTER TWO (12 WEEKS)

Subject Course code Credit unit

31.0 ACTION & USES OF MEDICINES II AUM 222 3

38
31.1 Objectives: At the end of the course, students should understand :
- Actions and uses of drugs acting on the respiratory system, alimentary canal,
central nervous system, e.t.c
- Students should understand and discuss anti- bacterial, antifungal , anti
protozoans, anti helmintics
- Drugs used as eye preparations, anti bacterials, antivirals,anti malaria. etc

31.2.0 Course Content

31.2.1 Drugs Acting On The Respiratory System

31.2.2 Expectorants, bronchodilators, Asthma, Cough suppressant,
Antitussive)
31.2.3 DRUGS ACTING ON THE ALIMENTARY CANAL ( Antacids,
Antispasmodic, Ulcers Healing Drugs , Anti -Diarrhoeal)
31.2.4 DRUGS ACTING ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM( Opioids
Analgesics ( Narcotics) , Non Opioid Analgesics, Anti Migraine, Sedatives,
Anti-depressants, Antipsychotics, Appetite Suppressants, Anti – Epileptics)
,Hypnotics, Tranquilizers.
31.2.5 ANTI- INFECTIVES
31.2.6 Anti-bacterial, (Antibacterials, Antivirals, Corticosteroids, Mydriatics,
and Cycloplegics, Miotics, Local Anaesthics).

32.0 BASIC DISPENSING THEORY III BDT252

32.1 Objective

32.2.1 Terms used in extemporaneous compounding

- Freshly prepared
- Recent prepared
- Potency
- Efficacy
- Shelf life

32.2.2 Mixtures

39
 33.0 BASIC DISPENSING PRACTICALS II BDP232 3

33.1 Diffusible Mixtures

33.2 Indifussible Mixtures

33.3 Linctus, Syrups and Elixirs

33.3.4 Mouth washes and Gargles

34.0 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II ANA 242 3

34.1 Objectives:

34.2 Course Content

34. 2.1 The Endocrine system

• Explain their secretion and functions.

34.2.2 Abnormalities of the endocrine glands:

34.2.3 Reproductive system explains the changes that take place at puberty.

- Describe the male reproductive system

- Describe the female reproductive system.

- Describe the uterine cycle and the menstrual cycle.

34.2.4 The Nervous system.

- The central nervous system: Brain and spinal cord

34.2.5 The peripheral nervous system

- The autonomous nervous system:

- Chemical division of the autonomous nervous system
- Adrenergic and cholinergic

34.2.6 Special senses:

- The Ear: Mechanism of hearing

40
 - The Eye and common eye defects

35.0 LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Drug Revolving Funds (DRF) BDT 254 2

35.1 Objectives:

The student will be able to demonstrate understanding of the concept of

Drug Revolving Funds, the rationale and operations in sustaining regular

supply of drugs;

35.2 Course Content

35.2.1 The Concept of Drug Revolving Fund (DRF)

- This scheme assumes that the cost of common medicines will be

recovered and put in a separate revolving fund, and its proceeds

ploughed back for the purchase of more medicines to sustain the

system.

35.2.2 Advantages of The Drug Revolving Fund

- Theoretically self-accounting;

- It facilitates community participation and self-reliance in

health care;

- Serves as incentive for rational use of common medicines

by community members.

- Promotes accountability in common medicines

management;

- Facilities availability of common medicines;

41
 35.2.3 Some Reasons Why Drug Revolving Funds May Fail

- Initial (seed) capital is underestimated;

- Prices are below replacement costs;
- Failure to collect payment for common medicines without
equivalent subsidy (e.g. from children, aged or handicapped);
- Delays in cash flow making money received from sales not easily
available for subsequent purchase;
- Rapid programme expansion for which additional capital funds are
not available;
- Losses due to theft of medicines or money, and also due to
deterioration of medicines by expiry or spoilage;
- Price increases (i.e. inflation) outstrips expectation;
- Lack of business orientation to medicines revolving fund,
e.g. money tied-down on medicines, which are not prescribed
frequently;
- Lack of careful financial planning and management;
35.2.4 Steps For Setting Up A Drug Revolving Fund

- Discussing with the District or Village Health Committee the

potentials of

the common medicines revolving fund;

- Listing the essential medicines required for the health unit;

- Determination of the ordering interval;

- Quantifying the amount of each medicines needed in an

ordering interval;

- Costing the medicines to be ordered;

- Identifying the source(s) of funds to capitalize the fund, i.e.

for initial seed stock;

- Explaining to the community the advantages and

disadvantages of specific levels of cost recovery (e.g. partial cost

recovery, full cost recovery and full plus other cost recovery), and letting

the community decide the level of cost they will use.

- Opening an account book and a separate bank account for the

42
 medicines revolving fund.

- Facilitating the nomination of signatories to the Medicines

revolving fund account;

35.2.5 Operation of Drug Revolving Fund

i. Keeping accurate records, which will include:

a) Receipt of medicines;

b Cash sales

c) Bank tellers

ii. Lodgment of cash receipts into the safe or bank;

iii. Maintaining petty cash expenses if any;

iv. Filing receipts;

v. Filing Issue Vouchers;

vi. Maintaining cash receipt books;

vii. Steps involved in opening a bank account;

viii. Steps involved in pricing of medicines;

36.0 INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY PSY 202

36.1 Objective: This course is designed to enable the student to understand the
dynamics of human behaviour in order to be able to adjust to situations and
work effectively with others and at the end of this course, students should:

- Appreciate the basis of human behaviour

- Know the development of behaviour
- Understand the principles of personality development.

- Know the processes of learning.

- Know the psychological effects of health

- know the method of assessment in experimental psychology

36.2 Course Content

36.2.1 Scope of Psychology

- Define Psychology.
- Outline or trace the development of psychology as efforts to understand

43
 human behaviour.
- Describe methods of studying human behaviour e.g. testing, experimentationn,
case-study, etc.
- Analyse the interplay between psychology and other social sciences (Sociology,
Economics, P,C)
- Identify motives for behaviour
( drives, need, instincts, etc),

36.2.2 Development of Behaviour

- Define cognitive development
- Analyse personality development.
- Define self-concept
- Explain socialisation and its agents
- Describe the states of development-infancy, adolescence and puberty
36.2.3 Principles of Personality Development

- state models of personality.

- Explain conflict model
- examine the consistency model
- Describe behaviourism

36.2. 4 Processes of learning

- Define learning.
- List types of learning.
- State methods of learning.

36.2.5 Psychological effects of Health

- Describe Hypertension
- Explain coronary Heart Disease
- Describe defence mechanisms
- State anxiety neurosis
- Explain fatigue, frustration and
Interest
- Examine psycho-social factors in health (poverty, hunger)
- List copons mechanisms (relaxation
therapy, behaviour modification).

36.2.6Method of assessment in experimental Psychology

- Explain reaction time
- Identify achievement motivation
- Explain Interviewing
- List psychological Assessment tools
(TAT, Rorschach test, biofeedback
tachistoscope)

36.2.7 Human Memory

- Examin Short term memory

- Explain Long-term Memory
- Define Forgeting
36.2.8 Human Emotion
- Define emotions.
- - define types of emotions
- Explain casual factors of emotions.

44
 - Examine expressions of emotions.

36.2.9 Processes of Attitude Formation and Change

- Describe development of attitude
- Identify the components of attitude.
- Analyse consistency theories of prejudice
- Explain change of attitude
36.2.10 Psychological Basis of Management Models
- Explain worker motivation.
- Describe negotiation and bargaining power
-Analyse organisational crisis intervention.
-Examine building of team harmony and cohesion
- Explain psychological models of management (autocratic, democratic and laissez
faire),

On completion of this course, the student should be able to:-

- Appreciate the basis of human behaviour.
- know the development of behaviour.
- Understand the principles of personality development.
- Know the processes of learning.
- understand human memory
- understand human emotions.
- Comprehend the processes of attitude formation and change.
- Know the psychological basis of management models in industries and
organisation.
- Understand the psychology of other nationals.
- Know the psychological effects of health.
- Know the methods of assessment in experimental psychology

- Understanding human memory

- Understanding human Emotion

- Comprehend the process of attitude formation and change

- Know the psychological basis of management models in industries and

Organisation.

37.0 PRACTICE OF ENTREPRENEUSHIP ETP202 3

37.1 Objectives:

37.2 Course Outline

37.2.1 Understand the various existing industries and support agencies in

Nigeria

- Explain industry and support agencies.

45
- Explain industry and explain the nature. types of materials used in both
manufacturing and service industries.
- Explain the types and sources of plants and machinery used in small scale
industries.
- Explain the various information and assistance for vital areas Ike finance,
registration, project selection, training, marketing, research, quality control,
raw materials, patent information, etc.
- Explain environmental factors associated with industrial and economic
development in Nigeria.
- Identify business opportunities (SWOT Analysis),
- Conduct a market survey and establish the demand/supply gap.
- Select the most viable venture to establish.

37.2.2 Know the functions of management and the roles of a manager

in an enterprise

- Explain the functions of Management and Manager

- Design an appropriate Management structure for an enterprise, as in
above
- Explain the Communication process in the management of an enterprise.
- Explain the techniques and skills of:
i. Planning
ii Organizing
iii Staffing
iv Leading
v. Controlling
- Explain the techniques of marketing, production and financial
management in an enterprise
- Explain the principles of record keeping, auditing and taxation.

37.2.3 Understand the strategies for consolidation and expansion of a

business enterprise. i

- Explain the justification for business diversification and expansion.

- Explain the process of growth, diversification and expansion in an
enterprise.
- Evaluate the strategies of consolidation and expansion of business
ventures
- Explain the various types of enterprise- corporations, partnership,
co-operatives and sole-proprietorship in Nigeria.

- Explain the characteristics of franchise, License and patent systems of

enterprise.
- Explain how Multi-National Companies operate.

46
 37.2.4 Understand the practical aspects of running a business.

- Identify a suitable industrial firm and undertake a practical attachment for

two weeks.

- Prepare a modest report regarding the experience and gains of the

industrial attachment.

- Prepare a detailed business plan indicating clearly the background of the

project, the marketing analysis and the financial assessment of the

Proposed enterprise.

Total 18

Year 3 : Semester One

Subject Course code Credit unit

38.0 HOSPITAL/COMMUNITY AND INDUSTRIAL PRACTICE HCP 361 6

39.0 BASIC DISPENSING PRACTICALS III BDP 331 3

-Emulsions

-Lotions and Liniments

-Creams (Oily creams and Aqueous creams)

-Ointments

- Pastes

40.0 BASIC DISPENSING THEORY IV BDT 351 3

40.1 Objectives:

40.2 Course Content

40.2.1 Types of Dosage Forms (Different forms in which drugs may be supplied to

47
 patients)

-Qualities of a well written label

-Different Categories of Labels

-General Label, Cautionary and advisory Label,

- Special Instructions for particular class of medicines

-Information given on the labels

-Prescriptions

-Definition and Introduction

- Fraud prevention techniques

-Record documents used in Pharmacy

- Benefits of record keeping

-Requisition Forms

-Stock Issue Vouchers

- Stock Receipts

-Daily Issue Books

- Consolidated Issue Vouchers

-Ledgers, (bin/stock cards)

-Cash Books

-Inventory

41.0 ACTION & USES OF MEDICINES III AUM 321 3

41.1 Objectives:

41.2 Course Content:

41.2.1 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM DRUGS (Blood Pressure, Heart Diseases/Drugs, Anti

arrhythmic, Anti – coagulants.

41.2.2 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DRUGS (Hormones of anterior pituitary, posterior

Pituitary, thyroid gland, insulin, adrenal gland, sex hormones.

48
41.2.3 DRUGS OF DEPENDENCE AND ADDICTION (Definition, causes of

dependence, and addiction, examples, treatment and prevention of

addiction)

41.2.4 ANTIVIRAL DRUGS/HIV/AIDS (Viral Diseases, Herpes, Simplex, HIV/AIDS,

causes, Clinical presentation, Management, Prevention , Treatment,

Classes of Anti -retroviral)

41.2.4 FAMILY PLANING

Definition of terms, Family planning, Fertility Control, Family Planning

Methods, e.g Oral Contraceptives.

42.2.5 EFFECT OF DRUGS ON THE ECOSYSTEM (Current environmental

problems, Protection of the environment, Air Pollution, Pesticides, Antibiotics)

41.2.6 ANTI CANCER DRUGS (Definition, Types, Chemotherapeutics, Classification)

41.2.7 RATIONAL USE OF MEDICINES(RUM) : Definition, Criteria, Irrational Drug Use,

Advantages of RUM, Promoting RUM, Reasons for interest in RUM, Challenges in

promoting RUM.

42.0 COMPUTER APPLICATION IN PHARMACY ICT 301 2

42.1 Objectives: On completion of this Course, the student should be able to

Understand major computer application packages and their

applications

42.2 Course Content

42.2.1 Application Packages

- Differentiate among system software, program generators and

Application packages.
- Identify the modes of acquisition of packages: in-house, purchase, lease.
- State the criteria for package acceptability: good documentation,

49
 user- friendliness, efficiency, appropriateness etc.
- List various types of packages word processing, spread sheets,
DBMS, statistical and graphics, expert system.
- Name some packages in each type listed in 1.4.

42.2.2 Word Processing Packages

- Define a word processor.

- State the uses of word processor.
- Explain the use of the main menu.
- Pcrfon tcx: input and editing.
- Implement block editing Commands.
- Distinguish between document and non-document editing.
- Perform document and non-document editing.
- Identify functions of professional word processors e.g. desktop
publishing systems.

42.2.3 Spread Sheets

- Define a spread sheet.

- Name different types of spread-sheet packages.
- Explain the uses of spread-sheet in forecasting.
- Implement at least one of the spread sheet package.
- Solve statistical problems using a spread sheet package.

42.2.4 Educational Packages

- Implement at least one educational packages (e.g power point) .

43.0 Seminar presentation I SEM301 2

Total 21

YEAR 3 : SEMESTER TWO

50
 Subject Course code Credit unit

44.0 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY III ANA 342 3

44.1 Objectives:

44.2 Course Content

44.2.1 The Digestive System

- List the organs of digestion

- List the accessory organs of digestion: Liver, gallbladder, Pancreas and

Salivary glands.

- Explain the chemical digestion of food as it takes place in the mouth,

stomach, duodenum, jejunum and ileum.
- Absorption of food:
• The villus.

• How amino acids, fatty aclds and glycerol and glucose diffuse

44.2.2 The Excretory system

- List the organs of excretion and then products, describe the skin,

- How the skin maintains a constant body temperature.

- The kidney

• Explain the mechanism of urine formation:

• The Nephron

45.0 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE II PHC302 2

45.1 Objectives:
45.2 Course Content

45.2.1 Accident and Emergency (First Aid Management)

- Define First Aid.

- Explain the rules of First Aid
- Explain the reasons for First Aid

- Identify the content of a standard first Aid Box

- Explain the various life -saving procedures

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 - List the types of emergency conditions such as shock, fracture, Burns,

bleeding, Acute abdomen, Asphyxia, etc

- Discuss each emergency condition under the following:

(a) Definition (b) types C) signs and symptoms).

- Discuss accident prevention, measures at the clinic, Pharmacy Lab, at home etc.

45.2.2 Oral Health Care

- Define oral health

- Draw the anatomy of the Buccal cavity
- Identify types of teeth
- Know the diseases associated with oral cavity
- Explain the diseases of the mother
- Explain the preventive and control measures of mouth infection
- Explain the role of Pharmacy technician in mobilizing the clients in promoting
positive oral Health behaviours.

45.2.3 Balance Diet:

- Explain the correct proportion of the classes of food that constitute a balance

diet.

46.0 ACTION AND USES OF MEDICINES V AUM 322 3

PUT LECTURE NOTE HERE

Revision and Mock Exams

47.0 BASIC DISPENSING PRACTICALS IV BDP 332 3

52
 -Ethical Dispensing

USE MRS AISHA LECTURE NOTE

48.0 BASIC DISPENSING THEORY V BDT 352 3

INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL PROCESSING OF PHARMACEUTICAL

PRODUCTS (fluid flow, Material flow, Milling size separation, size

reduction, extraction, distillation, granulation, drying, evaporation,

filtration, clarification, etc.

22.1.3 SMALL SCALE LIQUID DOSAGE FORMS PRODUCTION(Solutions,

suspensions, emulsions,)

22.1.4 SMALL SCALE SOLID DOSAGE FORMS PRODUCTION(Tablets, Capsules)

22.1.5 SMALL SCALE SEMI- SOLID PRODUCTIONS (Creams, Ointment, Pastes,

Gels, Jellies, Suppositories).

22.1.6 SMALL PRODUCTION OF AEROSOLS

22.1.7 PACKAGING OF MEDICINES(Packaging Materials)

22.1.8 STABILITY OF MEDICINES(Factors affecting storage of medicines, Cold

Chain)

22.1.9 STORAGE OF MEDICINES (Storage Conditions)

22.1.10 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND CONTROL (Good Manufacturing Practice)

Revision and mock exams

49.0 SEMINAR PRESENTATION II SEMS 302

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 50.0 PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACY TECHNICIAN PRACTICE PTP 312 2

50.1 Objectives:


Role of Pharmacy Technician in Hospital Pharmacy Practice
and
 Role and function of Pharmacy Technicians in Community
Practice;
- inventory control, record control, receiving and checking
supplies,
- customer relation and any other work as may be assigned
by the Superintendent Pharmacist.
 Role and function of Pharmacy Technicians in Bulk stores
and maintaining records

50.2 COURSE CONTENT

50.2.1 Role of Pharmacy Technician in Hospital Pharmacy Practice and in

community Pharmacies

- Receiving written prescription

- Role in dispensing of prescription
- Role in Compounding;
- Help to maintain patient medication profile
- Pre -packaging and repackaging of medicines
- Use of computers in dispensing

50.2.2 Role and function of Pharmacy Technicians in Bulk stores

and maintaining records

- Monitoring stock levels of drugs in the store

- Receiving and checking supplies purchased
- Issuing supplies from the store
- Maintaining records

30.2.3 Roles in Maintaining Records

- Billing and keeping records of drugs

- Preparation of weekly and Monthly report and stock taking

Total 18

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