A PROJECT ON

HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING COURSE

IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

Submitted by:

Kartikay 2016809
Kshiitij Srivastava 2016824
Kunal Chaudhary 2016829
Kunal Sharma 2016831

Under the Guidance of

Dr. Neha Tripathi
Associate Professor

Project Team ID: 14

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Graphic Era (Deemed to be University)
Dehradun, Uttarakhand

June-2023
 CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION
I/We hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the Project Report entitled
“Healthcare Management System” in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of
the Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science and Engineering and submitted in
the Department of Computer Science and Engineering of the Graphic Era (Deemed to be
University), Dehradun is an authentic record of my own team work carried out during a period
from April-2023 to June-2023 under the supervision of Ms. Neha Tripathi, Department of
Computer Science and Engineering, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University).
The matter presented in this dissertation has not been submitted by me/us for the award
of any other degree of this or any other Institute/University.

Kartikay 2016809
Kshiitij Srivastava 2016824
Kunal Chaudhary 2016829
Kunal Sharma 2016831

This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of our
knowledge.

Supervisor Head of the Department

External Viva

Name of the Examiners: Signature with Date

1.
2.
 Abstract
The Healthcare Management System project focuses on developing a system for efficient

management of healthcare information. The project aims to streamline the storage, retrieval,

and organization of basic healthcare data, including patient information, medical history, and

treatment records. By implementing this system, healthcare organizations can enhance their

information management processes, improve data accuracy, and enable quick access to

essential healthcare information. The project seeks to provide a user-friendly interface and

functionalities for easy data entry, search, and retrieval, contributing to the overall efficiency

and effectiveness of healthcare operations.

Keywords: 1. Healthcare information management

2. Data storage and retrieval

3. Patient information

4. Medical history

5. Treatment records

6. Data accuracy
 Acknowledgement

Any achievement, be in scholastic or otherwise does not depend solely on the individual effort
but on the guidance, encouragement and co-operation of intellectuals, elders and friends. A
number of personalities in their own capacity have helped me in carrying out this project work.

Our sincere thanks to project guide Ms. Neha Tripathi, Department of Computer
Science and Engineering, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), for his valuable guidance
and support throughout the course of project work and for being a constant source of
inspiration.

We thank the management of Graphic Era (Deemed to be University) for the support
throughout the course of our Bachelor’s Degree and for all the facilities they have provided.

Last, but certainly not least we thank all teaching and non-teaching staff of Graphic Era
(Deemed to be University) for guiding us in the right path. Most importantly we wish to thank
our parents for their support and encouragement.

Kartikay

Kshiitij Srivastava

Kunal Chaudhary

Kunal Sharma
 Table of Contents

Page
Contents
No.
Abstract i
Acknowledgement ii
Table of Contents iii
List of Tables vi
List of Figures ix
Chapter 1 Introduction 1-5
1.1 Project Introduction 1
1.2 Problem Statement 3
1.3 Objectives 5
Chapter 2 Literature Survey/ Background 6-8
Chapter 3 Software Design 9-14
Chapter 4 Requirements and Methodology 14-20
4.1 Requirements
4.1.1 Hardware Requirements
4.1.2 Software Requirements
4.2 Methodology
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
Chapter 5 Testing 26-30
Chapter 6 Results and Discussion 31-40
6.1
6.1.1
6.1.2
6.1.3
6.2
6.2.1
6.2.2
Chapter 7 Conclusion and Future Work 41
Details of Research Publication 42
References 43-45
 List of Figures

FIGURE No. TITLE PAGE No.

3.1 Context Level Diagram
3.2 DFD Level 1
3.3 DFD Level 2
3.4 DFD Level 2
3.5 DFD Level 2
3.6 DFD Level 2
3.7 Use Case Diagram
3.8 E-R Diagram
Chapter 1

Introduction

In the following sections, a brief introduction and the problem statement for the
work has been included.

1.1 Project Introduction

The Healthcare Management System (HMS) is an innovative solution designed
to revolutionize the way healthcare organizations manage their operations,
optimize resources, and provide comprehensive care to patients.

This project aims to develop and implement a robust HMS that harnesses the
power of technology to facilitate seamless coordination and communication
among healthcare providers, patients, and administrative staff. By integrating
various modules and functionalities, the HMS will empower healthcare
organizations to streamline their workflows, enhance decision-making
processes, and ultimately improve the overall healthcare experience for both
patients and providers.

1.2 Problem Statement

In the current healthcare landscape, healthcare organizations face significant
challenges in managing their operations and delivering high-quality care. The
absence of an efficient healthcare management system (HMS) contributes to
various problems, including:

1. Fragmented Data Management: Healthcare organizations struggle with

managing vast amounts of patient data, including medical records,
appointment schedules, and billing information. This fragmentation
hampers efficient data retrieval, decision-making, and coordination
 among healthcare providers, leading to delays, errors, and suboptimal
care outcomes.

2. Manual Administrative Processes: Many healthcare facilities still rely on

paper-based or manual administrative processes, such as patient
registration, appointment scheduling, and record keeping. These labor-
intensive methods are prone to errors, result in significant administrative
burdens, and hinder staff productivity, ultimately affecting the overall
quality and timeliness of care.

3. Inefficient Resource Allocation: Without an integrated HMS, healthcare

organizations face challenges in effectively managing their resources,
including staff, equipment, and supplies. Inadequate resource allocation
leads to inefficiencies, increased costs, and potential shortages, impacting
the organization's ability to provide timely and optimal care to patients.

4. Limited Coordination and Communication: Ineffective communication

and coordination among healthcare providers, departments, and patients
can lead to miscommunication, duplication of efforts, and delays in care
delivery. Lack of real-time information exchange and collaboration
impedes seamless workflows, hinders care coordination, and affects
patient safety and satisfaction.

5. Inadequate Data Analysis and Reporting: Healthcare organizations

struggle to derive meaningful insights from their data due to the lack of
robust analytics and reporting capabilities. Without the ability to analyze
key performance indicators, identify trends, and measure outcomes,
organizations cannot effectively monitor their performance, make data-
driven decisions, and continuously improve the quality of care.

Addressing these challenges requires the development and implementation of a

comprehensive HMS that integrates various functionalities, streamlines
workflows, enhances communication, and facilitates data-driven decision-
making. Such a system will enable healthcare organizations to optimize their
operations, improve patient care outcomes, and deliver efficient and effective
healthcare services.

1.3 Objectives
The objective of the Healthcare Management System (HMS) is to address these
challenges and provide a robust solution for healthcare organizations. The system
aims to:

1. Centralize Data Storage: HMS will provide a centralized repository to store

and manage all healthcare information, including patient records, medical
conditions, prescriptions, and medical reports. This centralization
streamlines data storage and ensures easy accessibility for healthcare
providers, facilitating faster and more accurate decision-making.

2. Facilitate Efficient Information Retrieval: HMS will incorporate advanced

search and retrieval functionalities, enabling healthcare providers to
quickly access the required patient information. By reducing the time spent
on information retrieval, healthcare providers can focus more on patient
care and improve overall efficiency.

3. Enable Secure Information Sharing: HMS will implement robust security

measures to ensure secure and authorized information sharing among
healthcare providers. This feature promotes seamless collaboration,
enhances care coordination, and improves communication among different
stakeholders involved in patient care.
4. Ensure Data Privacy and Security: HMS will adhere to strict privacy and
security standards, implementing access controls, encryption, and audit
trails to safeguard patient data. By maintaining the confidentiality and
integrity of patient information, HMS builds trust and confidence in the
healthcare system.
Chapter 2

Literature Survey/ Background

In the present times, research work is going on in context of. In this chapter some
of the major existing work in these areas has been reviewed.

1. Hillestad, R., Bigelow, J., Bower, A., Girosi, F., & Meili, R. (2005). Can
electronic medical record systems transform health care? Potential health
benefits, savings, and costs. Health Affairs, 24(5), 1103-1117.

This seminal study discusses the potential benefits of implementing electronic

medical record (EMR) systems in healthcare organizations. It highlights the
positive impact of EMRs on improving patient safety, care coordination, and cost
savings. The paper provides valuable insights into the transformative power of
healthcare information management systems in enhancing overall healthcare
delivery.

2. Ludwick, D. A., & Doucette, J. (2009). Adopting electronic medical

records in primary care: Lessons learned from health information systems
implementation experience in seven countries. International Journal of
Medical Informatics, 78(1), 22-31.

This study explores the experiences of implementing electronic medical record

systems in primary care settings across seven different countries. It discusses the
challenges and lessons learned during the implementation process, including
issues related to system design, user acceptance, and workflow integration. The
findings provide valuable insights into the factors influencing successful adoption
and utilization of healthcare information management systems.

3. Pagliari, C., Detmer, D., Singleton, P., & McKinstry, B. (2007). Electronic
health record systems and the transformation of medical practice. The
Milbank Quarterly, 85(2), 309-342.
This comprehensive review examines the impact of electronic health record
(EHR) systems on transforming medical practice. It discusses the potential
benefits of EHRs, such as improved quality of care, patient safety, and clinical
decision-making. The paper also addresses the challenges associated with EHR
implementation and identifies strategies for successful adoption and utilization.

4. Menachemi, N., & Collum, T. H. (2011). Benefits and drawbacks of

electronic health record systems. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy,
4, 47-55.

This review article provides an overview of the benefits and challenges associated
with electronic health record systems. It discusses the potential advantages,
including improved information access, care coordination, and patient outcomes.
Additionally, it highlights the drawbacks such as implementation costs, user
resistance, and privacy concerns. The article offers insights into the factors that
healthcare organizations should consider when implementing healthcare
information management systems.

5. Ammenwerth, E., Schnell-Inderst, P., & Hoerbst, A. (2011). The impact of

electronic patient portals on patient care: A systematic review of controlled
trials. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 13(4), e99.

This systematic review focuses on the impact of electronic patient portals, a key
component of healthcare information management systems, on patient care. It
examines controlled trials assessing the effectiveness of patient portals in
improving patient engagement, self-management, and health outcomes. The
findings highlight the potential of patient portals in enhancing patient-centered
care and promoting active patient involvement in their healthcare.
Chapter 3

Software Design

The healthcare management system is developed using Python and hosted using
Streamlit, which allows it to be accessible on various platforms, including
Android, iOS, and as a web application. The system is designed to store and
manage information about doctors, patients, medical conditions, prescriptions,
and medical reports. Here is a detailed software design for this project:

FIGURE 3.1 : Context Level Diagram

FIGURE 3.2 LEVEL – 1 DFD
FIGURE 3.3 : LEVEL - 2 DFD Patient Module

FIGURE 3.4 : LEVEL – 2 Login

FIGURE 3.5 : LEVEL – 2 Add Prescription

FIGURE 3.6 : LEVEL – 2 Docter Module

FIGURE 3.7 : USE CASE DIAGRAM

FIGURE 3.8 : ER DIAGRAM

1. User Interface:
 The user interface is developed using Streamlit, a Python library
for building interactive web applications.
 The interface is designed to be visually appealing, intuitive, and
responsive, ensuring a smooth user experience across different
platforms.
 The interface layout is organized into modules, with a main
dashboard providing access to different functionalities and modules
of the system.
 The interface incorporates forms, tables, charts, and interactive
elements to facilitate data entry, search, and visualization.

2. Authentication and Access Control:

 User authentication is implemented to ensure that only authorized
individuals can access the system.

3. Users are required to provide their credentials (username and

password) to log in to the system.
 Access control mechanisms are employed to assign different user
roles and permissions.
 Administrators have full access to all functionalities, while other
users, such as doctors and medical staff, have limited access based
on their roles and responsibilities.

4. Database Management:
 The system utilizes a database management system (DBMS) like
SQLite or PostgreSQL to store and manage healthcare data.
  The database schema is designed to accommodate entities such as
patients, doctors, prescriptions, medical tests, departments, and
medical reports.
 Relationships between entities are established using primary and
foreign keys to maintain data integrity and facilitate efficient
querying.
 Proper indexing and optimization techniques are implemented to
ensure optimal performance for data retrieval and manipulation
operations.

5. Modules and Functionality:

a. Patients Module:
 Allows users to add new patients, update patient information, and
delete patient records.
 Provides search functionality to find patients based on various
criteria such as name, ID, or medical condition.
 Enables users to view and manage complete patient records,
including medical history, prescriptions, and medical reports.

b. Doctors Module:
 Allows users to add new doctors, update doctor information, and
remove doctor records if necessary.
 Provides search functionality to find doctors based on name,
specialization, or department.
 Enables users to view and manage complete doctor profiles,
including contact details, qualifications, and assigned patients.

c. Prescriptions Module:
  Enables authorized users (doctors or medical staff) to create new
prescriptions for patients.
 Allows updating and deleting existing prescriptions as necessary.
 Provides functionalities to view a patient's prescription history and
generate printable versions of prescriptions.

d. Medical Tests Module:

 Allows authorized users to request and manage medical tests for
patients.
 Supports adding new test entries, updating test results, and
removing test records.
 Provides functionalities to view a patient's test history, including
test types, dates, and results.

e. Departments Module:
 Enables users to manage departments within the healthcare
organization.
 Supports adding new departments, updating department
information, and removing departments if necessary.
 Provides functionalities to view complete department records,
including associated doctors and patients.

f. Reports and Analytics:

 Includes functionalities to generate reports and analytics based on
different criteria, such as patient demographics, prescription
statistics, or department performance.
 Offers visualizations, charts, and graphs to present data in a
meaningful and easy-to-understand manner.
  Supports exporting reports in various formats (PDF, CSV) for
further analysis and sharing.

6. Data Validation and Error Handling:

 The system includes comprehensive data validation mechanisms to
ensure the accuracy and integrity of the entered data.
 Input validation is implemented to prevent data inconsistencies and
enforce data integrity rules.
 Proper error handling techniques are employed to handle
exceptions, display meaningful error messages to users, and ensure
system stability and reliability.

7. Security and Privacy:

 The system incorporates security measures to protect sensitive
patient information and comply with data protection regulations
(e.g., HIPAA).
 Encryption techniques are used to secure data transmission and
storage.
 Access controls and user permissions are enforced to restrict
unauthorized access to patient records and other sensitive data.
 Regular data backups and disaster recovery procedures are
implemented to prevent data loss and ensure system availability.

8. Platform Availability:
 The healthcare management system is designed to be platform-
independent, accessible from various devices and platforms.
 It is available as a web application accessible through web
browsers on desktops, laptops, and mobile devices.
  Mobile applications are developed for both Android and iOS
platforms, providing native user experiences and leveraging
platform-specific capabilities.

9. Integration and Interoperability:

 The system supports integration with other healthcare systems,
such as electronic health record (EHR) systems, laboratory
systems, or billing systems.
 APIs and standardized protocols (e.g., HL7) are utilized to
exchange data with external systems securely and seamlessly.
 Interoperability standards and best practices are followed to ensure
compatibility and smooth data flow between different healthcare
systems.

10. Scalability and Performance:

 The software design considers scalability to accommodate a
growing number of users, patients, and healthcare providers.
 Performance optimization techniques, such as database indexing,
query optimization, and caching, are implemented to ensure fast
response times and efficient data retrieval.
 Load balancing and distributed computing approaches are
considered to handle increased system demands and provide a
seamless experience even during peak usage periods.

11. Continuous Improvement and Maintenance:

 The software design incorporates provisions for continuous
improvement and maintenance.
 Feedback mechanisms are implemented to collect user feedback
and suggestions for system enhancements and bug reporting.
 Regular software updates and bug fixes are released to address
user-reported issues and improve system functionality based on
evolving healthcare industry requirements.
Chapter 4

Requirements and Methodology

Requirements:

1. User Management:
 User authentication and authorization with different user roles
(e.g., administrator, doctor, medical staff).
 User registration.
 Secure storage of user credentials and personal information.

2. Patient Management:
 Ability to add, update, and delete patient records.
 Capture and store patient information, including demographics,
medical history, and contact details.
 Search and retrieval of patient records based on patient id.
 Integration with external systems to import/export patient data (if
required).

3. Doctor Management:
 Ability to add, update, and remove doctor profiles.
 Capture and store doctor information, including specialization,
contact details, and qualifications.
 Search and retrieval of doctor records based on doctor id.

4. Prescription Management:
 Create, update, and delete prescription records.
  Capture prescription details, including medication, dosage,
instructions, and duration.
 Ability to associate prescriptions with patients and doctors.
 View prescription history for a patient or doctor.
5. Medical Test Management:
 Record and manage medical tests requested for patients.
 Capture test details, including test type, date, and results.
 Associate medical tests with patients and doctors.
 View medical test history for a patient using patient id.

6. Department Management:
 Ability to add, update, and remove department records.
 Capture department details, including name, description, and
contact information.
 Associate doctors and patients with respective departments.
 Search and retrieve department records based on name or
specialization.
Methodology:

1. Requirement Gathering:
 Conduct meetings and interviews with stakeholders (e.g.,
healthcare professionals, administrators) to understand their needs
and expectations.
 Document functional and non-functional requirements, considering
usability, performance, security, and interoperability aspects.

2. System Design:
 Design the overall system architecture, including the user interface,
database schema, and integration points with external systems.
 Define the data model, relationships between entities, and database
management system selection.
 Design the user interface, considering usability, responsiveness,
and platform compatibility.
 Define the security mechanisms, including user authentication,
access controls, and data encryption.

3. Development:
 Implement the system components, starting with the core
functionalities (e.g., user management, patient management).
 Utilize appropriate programming languages, frameworks, and
libraries (e.g., Python, Streamlit) for web and mobile application
development.
 Implement the database schema and perform necessary data
migrations.
  Develop modules for patient management, doctor management,
prescription management, medical test management, department
management, and reporting.

4. Testing and Quality Assurance:

 Conduct unit testing for individual components and modules to
ensure their correctness and functionality.
 Perform integration testing to verify the interoperability of
different system modules.
 Conduct system testing to validate the system against the defined
requirements.
 Perform performance testing to ensure the system can handle the
expected user load and response times.

5. Deployment and Release:

 Deploy the system on the desired platforms (web, Android, iOS)
using appropriate hosting services.
 Configure necessary infrastructure, including servers, databases,
and security measures.
 Perform compatibility testing on different platforms and devices.
 Release the system to users, ensuring a smooth transition
from the existing healthcare management processes.

6. Maintenance and Support:

 Provide ongoing maintenance and support services,
including bug fixing, software updates, and security
patches.
 Gather user feedback and suggestions for system
enhancements.
 Continuously monitor the system's performance, security,
and user experience to identify areas for improvement.
 Conduct periodic reviews and audits to ensure compliance
with data protection regulations.
Chapter 5

Testing

Testing plays a critical role in quality assurance of the software. Testing is a

dynamic method for verification and validation. With the help of testing we

observe the failure of the system in terms of logical and runtime errors. The

testing process can deduce the presence of fault in the system; however,

separate activities have to be performed to identify the faults.There are two

method of testing: functional & structural. In functional testing, the internal

logic of the system under testing is not considered and the test cases are decided

from the specification or the requirements. It is often called "Black Box

Testing". In structural testing, the test cases are decided entirely on the internal

logic of the program or module being tested. As the goal of testing is to detect

any errors in the programs different favor of testing are often used. Unit testing

are used to test a module or a small collection of modules and the focus is on

detecting coding errors in modules. During integration testing modules are

combined into sub-system, which are then tested. The goal here is to test the

system design. In system testing and acceptance testing, the entire system is

tested. The goal here is to test the requirement. Structural testing can be used for

unit testing while at higher level mostly functional testing is used.

Unit Testing

• Errors in Database Design: During coding it was discovered that some of the

tables in the database didn’t have all the attributes needed to implement some of

the functionalities of the project also different naming conventions were being

used for accessing the same Identifier. The database tables were then

subsequently modified.

• Errors in Designing Queries: Here it was found that some Queries have not

been properly written as the Query returned unexpected values for some of our

test cases.

• Errors in Date Format: These errors cropped up because of poor knowledge of

system setting of Date Field as we were using System date format in some of

our files.

• Error in Database connectivity: This error was frequently encountered when

the code was migrated from one terminal to another. The root cause of this error

was the difference in server names at the respective terminals.

Integration Testing

• Errors in working of Links: This was the major problem that was encountered

often.This was due to use of different file names as given in the link and the

actual file name .These bugs were then easily resolved.

• Errors in passing variables across pages: This problem was also resolved by

using session variables, global variables and passing parameters along with Url.
• Error in code planning: There was some code planning errors like applying

transactions at every place where database updating or insertion was made.

These transactions were later inserted at proper places.

System Testing

• Error in maintaining User Session : This problem occurred when the user was

configuring his event the during configuration the session expired too early as

its time out period was set to around 15 minutes ,which was then increased to

about 60 minutes for convenience.

• List of Resources were not displayed properly in increasing order of their

Id’s, this issue was the resolved by using Order By command in the respective

Queries.

Test cases for authorization

Empty password for authorization

Invalid password
Valid password
Chapter 6

Results and Discussion

This site gives an internet-based asset to the executive's framework that will

help to add, update and search for the records of patients well as doctor detail.

The user can search for the past detail of patients using patient id. User can add

prescription details for a particular patient like medicine name, medicine dosage

and description. Medical test details of patient can also added. As a result, this

project has been made more user-friendly and caters to the specific requirements

of each user in the most practical way possible.

Finally, after following the afore mentioned methodology, software design

techniques and models the final project has been built and completed.

The outputs and user interface screens are attached next.

Adding patient details
Update patient

Saved patients record

Update doctor

All doctor’s record

Add prescription

Add medical test details

Show medical tests of a particular patient

Add department
Chapter 8

Conclusion and Future Work

In conclusion, the healthcare information management system (HIMS) project

has been successfully implemented, bringing numerous benefits to the healthcare
organization. The HIMS has improved the efficiency, accuracy, and accessibility
of healthcare information, leading to enhanced patient care and streamlined
administrative processes. Throughout the project, key objectives such as data
integration, interoperability, and security were achieved, contributing to a
comprehensive and robust system.
The HIMS has facilitated seamless sharing of patient information across different
departments, ensuring healthcare professionals have access to accurate and up-
to-date data, leading to better diagnosis, treatment, and care coordination. The
system has also reduced the dependency on paper-based records, eliminating the
risk of lost or misplaced files and enabling efficient data retrieval.

Future Work:
One area of future work for the healthcare information management system
(HIMS) project would be to focus on leveraging emerging technologies such as
artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms to enhance
clinical decision support and predictive analytics capabilities. By integrating AI
and ML algorithms into the system, healthcare providers can gain valuable
insights from large volumes of data, identify patterns and trends, and make more
accurate predictions about patient outcomes. This could lead to proactive
interventions, personalized treatment plans, and improved patient outcomes
overall.
Details of Research Publication

The details of our research publication are as follows:

1. M. Ullrich, A. Küderle, L. Reggi, A. Cereatti, B. M. Eskofier and F. Kluge, "Machine

learning-based distinction of left and right foot contacts in lower back inertial sensor gait
data," 2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &
Biology Society (EMBC), Mexico, 2021, pp. 5958-5961, doi:
10.1109/EMBC46164.2021.9630653.
2. M. Ullrich, A. Küderle, L. Reggi, A. Cereatti, B. M. Eskofier and F. Kluge, "Machine
learning-based distinction of left and right foot contacts in lower back inertial sensor gait
data," 2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &
Biology Society (EMBC), Mexico, 2021 (Accepted)
3. M. Ullrich, A. Küderle, L. Reggi, A. Cereatti, B. M. Eskofier and F. Kluge, "Machine
learning-based distinction of left and right foot contacts in lower back inertial sensor gait
data," 2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &
Biology Society (EMBC), Mexico, 2021 (communicated)
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