FIRE PROTECTION

DESIGN COURSE

AYMAN QURANY
MECHANICAL ENGINEER
aymmhas@[Link]
01004334635
 SECOND LECTURE CONTENTS

Automatic Firefighting Systems:

A . Water Sprinkler System:
1. Sprinklers’ Types.
2. Sprinkler Distribution.
3. Sprinkler Piping System.

B. Gas Suppression System:

1. Co2 Gas Suppression System.
2. FM-200 Suppression System.

05-Jan-17 2
 SCHEMATIC OF SPRINKLER SYSTEM

05-Jan-17 3
 1. SPRINKLER SYSTEM

1. Sprinkler Floor Control Valve(Zone Control Unit).

2. Sprinkler Definition, Types & Orientation .

3. Sprinkler Pipe Supplying System.

4. Water sprinkler data& distribution.

05-Jan-17 4
 1. FLOOR CONTROL VALVE
(ZONE CONTROL UNIT)
 Floor Control Valve is used to control the sprinkler system for
each floor and to separate the floors when a maintenance is
needed at any specific floor.

Components of Z.C.U:
1. OS&Y Gate Valve with Tamper Switch.
2. Pressure Gauge.
3. Flow Switch.
4. Test and Drain Assembly with Sight Glass.
5. Check valve(optional).

05-Jan-17 5
 FLOOR CONTROL UNIT
MAXIMUM WORKING AREA

05-Jan-17 6
 FLOOR CONTROL VALVE FUNCTIONS

1. Isolating of each zone(floor or zone of open area) for

maintenance purposes.

2. Check system pressure.

3. Drain the specific zone connected to it.

4. Actuate an alarm during fire occurrence.

5. Actuate an alarm if OS&Y gate valve is closed.

05-Jan-17 7
 ZONE CONTROL UNIT

05-Jan-17 8
 OS&Y GATE VALVE

 Gate valve is used for isolating of specific zone of pipes

during maintenance

05-Jan-17 9
 TAMPER SWITCH

 Electrical switch installed with the OS&Y gate valve to check

the valve position.(Alarm will actuate if the valve got closed)

05-Jan-17 10
 FLOW SWITCH

05-Jan-17 11
 TEST ASSEMBLY

 Test position: to check whether the flow is accurate or not.

 Drain position: to drain the network when needed.

 Inspection through the sight glass which make it visible to

check water quality.

05-Jan-17 12
 DRAIN RISER SIZING

05-Jan-17 13
 2. WATER SPRINKLER DEFINITION

 Water sprinkler fire protection system consists of water

sprinklers with dif ferent types, orifice sizes , Pipes& Control
Valve distributed inside the occupancy being protected
according to occupancy condition(Hazard type - Height,….etc).

05-Jan-17 14
 A . T YPE OF SPRINKLERS(OPERATION)
SPRINKLER RELEASE MECHANISM
FUSIBLE LINK& GLASS BULB SPRINKLER

05-Jan-17 15
 1. FUSIBLE LINK SPRINKLER

 The fusible link sprinkler is kept closed by a two piece link

held together by a solder with a predetermined melting point.
When the solder melts, the levers pull the two -piece link apart
and fly away from the sprinkler.

 Pressure in the piping network pushes the cap from the orifice
of the sprinkler to discharge water.

05-Jan-17 16
 2. GLASS BULB SPRINKLERS

05-Jan-17 17
 GLASS BULB SPRINKLER

05-Jan-17 18
 SPRINKLER COVER

05-Jan-17 19
 B. SPRINKLER BULB OPERATING
TEMPERATURE

05-Jan-17 20
 SPRINKLER OPERATING TEMPERATURE

05-Jan-17 21
 C. T YPES OF SPRINKLER
(HEIGHT)
1. Conventional Sprinkler(STANDARD RESPONSE).

2. Early Suppression Fast Response Sprinkler( ESFR).

05-Jan-17 22
 1. CONVENTIONAL SPRINKLER

05-Jan-17 23
 2. EARLY SUPPRESSION
FAST RESPONSE SPRINKLER(ESFR)
USED FOR LARGE HEIGHTS

05-Jan-17 24
 RESPONSE TIME INDEX(RTI)

 Low value of RTI, indicates a fast response.

 Under standard testing procedures ( 135°C air at a velocity of

2.5 m/s), a 68°C sprinkler bulb will break within 7 to 33
seconds, depending on the RTI .

05-Jan-17 25
 STANDARD& ESFR SPRINKLER

05-Jan-17 26
 STANDARD& ESFR SPRINKLER

05-Jan-17 27
 SPRINKLER K-FACTOR VALUES

05-Jan-17 28
 DETERMINATION OF
SPRINKLER K-FACTOR

05-Jan-17 29
 D. SPRINKLERS’ T YPES
(ORIENTATION)

05-Jan-17 30
 RETURN BEND

05-Jan-17 31
 RETURN BEND

05-Jan-17 32
 1. UPRIGHT SPRINKLER

05-Jan-17 33
 UPRIGHT SPRINKLER

05-Jan-17 34
 2. PENDENT SPRINKLER

05-Jan-17 35
 PENDENT SPRINKLER

05-Jan-17 36
 PENDENT SPRINKLER

05-Jan-17 37
 PENDENT SPRINKLER

05-Jan-17 38
 3. SIDEWALL SPRINKLER

05-Jan-17 39
 SIDEWALL SPRINKLER

05-Jan-17 40
 SIDEWALL SPRINKLER

05-Jan-17 41
 SIDEWALL SPRINKLER

05-Jan-17 42
 SIDE WALL SPRINKLER

05-Jan-17 43
 E. SPECIAL SPRINKLERS

 Concealed Sprinkler.

 Intermediate sprinkler(In-rack Sprinkler).

05-Jan-17 44
 1. CONCEALED SPRINKLER

05-Jan-17 45
 CONCEALED SPRINKLER

05-Jan-17 46
 CONCEALED SPRINKLER

05-Jan-17 47
 CONCEALED SPRINKLER

05-Jan-17 48
 CONCEALED SPRINKLER VIDEO

05-Jan-17 49
 CONCEALED SPRINKLER COLORS

05-Jan-17 50
 2. INTERMEDIATE SPRINKLER/
IN-RACK SPRINKLER

05-Jan-17 51
 INTERMEDIATE SPRINKLER/
IN-RACK SPRINKLER

05-Jan-17 52
 INTERMEDIATE SPRINKLER/
IN-RACK SPRINKLER

05-Jan-17 53
 INTERMEDIATE SPRINKLER/
IN-RACK SPRINKLER

05-Jan-17 54
 INTERMEDIATE SPRINKLER/
IN-RACK SPRINKLER

05-Jan-17 55
 INTERMEDIATE SPRINKLER/
IN-RACK SPRINKLER

05-Jan-17 56
 3. WATER SPRINKLER DATA&
DISTRIBUTION

05-Jan-17 57
 CROSS MAIN& BRANCH PIPES

05-Jan-17 58
 SPRINKLER& PIPES

05-Jan-17 59
 SPRINKLER& PIPES

05-Jan-17 60
 PENDENT SPRINKLER INSTALLATION

05-Jan-17 61
 P ROT E C TION A RE A S A N D M A X I MUM SPAC I N G
( STA NDARD SP RAY UP RI G H T & P E N DE N T )
LI G H T H A Z A RD

05-Jan-17 62
 P ROT E C TION A RE A S A N D M A X I MUM SPAC I N G
STA NDARD SP RAY UP RI G H T & P E N DE N T
FOR ORDI N A RY H A Z A RD

05-Jan-17 63
 P ROT E C TION A RE A S A N D M A X I MUM SPAC I N G
STA NDARD SP RAY UP RI G H T & P E N DE N T
FOR E X T RA H A Z A RD

05-Jan-17 64
 P ROT E C TION A RE A S A N D M A X I MUM SPAC I N G
STA NDARD SI DE WALL SP RAY SP RI N KLE R

05-Jan-17 65
 PROTECTION AREAS AND MAXIMUM SPACING OF
ESFR SPRINKLERS

05-Jan-17 66
 PROTECTION AREAS AND MAXIMUM SPACING
(EXTENDED COVERAGE UPRIGHT AND PENDENT
SPRAY SPRINKLERS)

05-Jan-17 67
 PROTECTION AREA AND MAXIMUM SPACING FOR
EXTENDED COVERAGE SIDEWALL SPRINKLERS

05-Jan-17 68
 PROTECTION AREAS AND MAXIMUM SPACING
FOR LARGE DROP SPRINKLERS

05-Jan-17 69
 MINIMUM DISTANCE BETWEEN
SPRINKLERS& FROM WALL

05-Jan-17 70
 SPRINKLER -DETECTOR-GRILLE-SPEAKER-LIGHTING

05-Jan-17 71
 SPRINKLER DISTRIBUTION
LIGHT HAZARD

05-Jan-17 72
 NUMBER OF SPRINKLER ON BRANCHES

05-Jan-17 73
 SIZING OF LIGHT HAZARD PIPING

05-Jan-17 74
 SIZING OF ORDINARY HAZARD PIPING

05-Jan-17 75
 SIZING OF EXTRA HAZARD PIPING

05-Jan-17 76
 PIPE REDUCER

05-Jan-17 77
 PIPE REDUCER

05-Jan-17 78
 FLEXIBLE CONNECTION
(PIPE ALTERNATIVE)

05-Jan-17 79
 FLEXIBLE CONNECTION
(PIPE ALTERNATIVE)

05-Jan-17 80
 FLEXIBLE CONNECTION
(PIPE ALTERNATIVE)

05-Jan-17 81
 STOCK OF SPARE SPRINKLERS

05-Jan-17 82
 4. SPRINKLER SUPPLYING SYSTEM

 Sprinkler systems would be supplied by dif ferent systems,

such as:

A. Wet Pipe Sprinkler System.

B. Dry Pipe Sprinkler System.

C. Pre-action Sprinkler System.

D. Deluge Sprinkler System.

05-Jan-17 83
 A. WET PIPE SPRINKLER SYSTEM
(MOST COMMON SYSTEM)
 Pipes always pressurized with water, when sprinkler is
actuated by the action of heat, the water flows directly by the
action of fire pumps through the water sprinklers.

05-Jan-17 84
 SPRINKLER PIPES ACCESSORIES
1. AUTOMATIC AIR VENT

05-Jan-17 85
 2. DRAIN VALVE

05-Jan-17 86
 B. DRY PIPE SPRINKLER SYSTEM

 Pipes are filled with compressed air or nitrogen , when

sprinkler is actuated by the action of heat, the water flows by
the action of fire pumps through the water sprinklers.

05-Jan-17 87
 DRY VALVE

05-Jan-17 88
 SCHEMATIC OF WET& DRY SYSTEM

05-Jan-17 89
 C. PRE-ACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM

 The actuation of sprinkler doesn’t take place only by the

action of heat, but also by action of fire alarm
system(Smoke\Heat Detector), pipes are pressurized of air or
any appropriate gas.

05-Jan-17 90
 PREACTION SYSTEM ACTUATION

05-Jan-17 91
 D. DELUGE SPRINKLER SYSTEM
TOTAL FLOODING SYSTEM
 The actuation of the system takes place by a fire alarm
system, The types of sprinklers are open sprinklers, connected
to a deluge valve, once the system is actuated the valve opens
and accordingly water flows through the whole sprinklers
connected to the system.

05-Jan-17 92
 DELUGE SPRINKLER SYSTEM

05-Jan-17 93
 ANTIFREEZE SOLUTION

 Antifreeze solution dissolved through water, prevents the

water inside pipes from getting freeze at the very cold areas.

05-Jan-17 94
 5. SPRINKLER WATER CACLULATION
DENSIT Y/ AREA CURVE

05-Jan-17 95
 SPRINKLER DISTRIBUTION
LIGHT HAZARD
 Area of sprinklers operation=1500 ft 2 =139m 2

 Area of Sprinkler=200ft 2 =18.6 m 2

 Radius of sprinkler=2.30 m

 Number of working sprinklers=

8 sprinklers

05-Jan-17 96
 SPRINKLER DISTRIBUTION
ORDINARY HAZARD
 Area of sprinklers operation=1500 ft 2 =139m 2

 Area of Sprinkler=130ft 2 =12.1 m 2

 Radius of sprinkler= 1 .90 m

 Number of working sprinklers=

12 sprinklers

05-Jan-17 97
 SPRINKLER DISTRIBUTION
EXTRA HAZARD
 Area of sprinklers operation= 2500 ft 2 =232m 2

 Area of Sprinkler=90ft 2 =8.4 m 2

 Radius of sprinkler= 1 .60 m

 Number of working sprinklers=

28 sprinklers

05-Jan-17 98
 6. AUTOMATIC GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEM
TOTAL FLOODING SYSTEM

 Gas suppression system is used as INERT GASES, it decreases

the percentage of oxygen in the air and accordingly extinguish
the fire by breaking one of the three FIRE TRIANGLE LINES.

Most common Gas Suppression System:

 Co2 Gas Suppression System.
 FM-200 Gas Suppression System(HFC -227).
 NOVEC Gas Suppression System.
 Dry Chemical Powder.

 Rooms or places being protected by Gas Suppression Systems

should be totally closed from outside air (Automatic Closing
Doors-Fire Dampers)

05-Jan-17 99
 AUTOMATIC GAS SUPPRESSION
SYSTEM COMPONENTS

05-Jan-17 100
 RELEASE BUTTON-CYLINDER HEADER

05-Jan-17 101
 1. CO2 SYSTEM

 Co2 system is used where a total flooding gas suppression is

required at a specific space which has no persons inside.

Used for the protection of :

 Electrical Rooms.

 Main Ring Unit.

 Transformer Room Units.

 Generators.

05-Jan-17 102
 CO2 SCHEMATIC

05-Jan-17 103
 CO2 SCHEMATIC

05-Jan-17 104
 CO2 SCHEMATIC

05-Jan-17 105
 GAS CYLINDERS

05-Jan-17 106
 GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEM

05-Jan-17 107
 CO2 REQUIRED
CAPACIT Y CALCULATION

05-Jan-17 108
 CO2 CYLINDERS

05-Jan-17 109
 2. FM-200&NOVEC
GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEM

 Similar to the Co2 system, but would be used with occupants

existence.

Used for the protection of :

 Control Room.

 Security and Monitoring Room.

 Server Room

05-Jan-17 110
 GAS CYLINDER

05-Jan-17 111
 RAISED FLOOR

05-Jan-17 112
 FM-200 REQUIRED
CAPACIT Y CALCULATION

05-Jan-17 113
 COMPARISON BETWEEN CO2 & FM-200

05-Jan-17 114
 3. DRY CHEMICAL POWDER

05-Jan-17 115
 DRY CHEMICAL POWDER

05-Jan-17 116
 DRY CHEMICAL POWDER

05-Jan-17 117
 WET CHEMICAL POWDER

05-Jan-17 118
 FIRETRACE CO2 SYSTEM

 Designed for the protection of inaccessible areas such as,

control panels, vehicles, boats engines.

05-Jan-17 119