Presentation Title
1
Problem Statement
Solar Panel Integration for
Commercial Three-Wheeler
Vehicles
To analyze and optimize the integration of solar panels on
commercial three-wheeler vehicles by:
Quantifying the tradeoffs between solar panel weight, battery
capacity requirements, and overall solution cost
Measuring the reduction in carbon footprint achieved through
local solar energy generation
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Specifications
Solar Panel Specifications
Solar panel type Efficiency Theoretical Efficiency Market Weight (Kg) Cost (INR)
HJT up to 29.2% 23.5% 40 kg ₹25,775
TOPCON up to 22.6% 22.25% 33.7 kg ₹22,454
PERC up to 23% ~21% ~34 kg ₹20,976
Mono crystalline up to 22% 19.58% 34.9 kg ₹21,204
Poly crystalline up to 20% 17.01% 34.9 kg ₹14,578
Flexible up to 22% 20.80% ~10-12 kg ₹17,000
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Solar Irradiance
Solar Irradiance Solar Panel Output
Chennai Rajasthan Patna
Chennai Rajasthan Patna
8,000.00 5000.00000
4000.00000
6,000.00
3000.00000
4,000.00
2000.00000
2,000.00
1000.00000
0.00
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0.00000
Oc
Ap
De
No
Ja
Fe
Au
Se
M
Ju
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Maximum Solar Irradiance is in Rajasthan Maximum Solar Panel Output is in Rajasthan followed by Chennai & Patna
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Solar Panel weight vs Range
WEIGHT POWER
100
80
60
40
20
0
10 KG 18.2 W 20 KG 36.4 W 30 KG 54.6 W 40 KG 72.8 W 50 KG 91.0 W
Panel Weight Extra power Power output Net beneficiary AVG energy AVG Range
consumption Power output per day extended
Rigid(HJT) 40 kg 72.8W 720w 647.2W 2.86KWH 57.2 KM
Flexible 18 18.2W 520w 501.8W 2.26KWH 45 KM
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Battery Capacity Reduction and Ineffecines in
Panels
Battery Capacity Reduction and Range compensation Ineffiences
Temp Dust Shading Others
Parameter Flexible Solar Panel Rigid Solar Panel
Others
15%
Battery Reduction 2 kWh 2 kWh
Net Weight Reduction -10 kg 20 kg
Solar Panel Area 3 m² 3 m² Temp
40%
Cost Reduction ₹11,000 (battery) ₹11,000 (battery)
Shading
20%
Additional Cost ₹17,000 (panel) + ₹25,000 (panel) +
₹5,000 (MPPT) ₹5,000 (MPPT)
Installation charges ₹0 ₹ 2000
Maintenance cost ₹ 340 ₹ 500
Net Delta Cost ₹11,340 ₹22,500 Dust
25%
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Yearly savings from solar auto in
Rajasthan , chennai , Patna
₹17,000 ₹25,000
Rajasthan Chennai Patna
Additional (panel) + (panel) +
Highest solar irradiance leading to Moderate to high solar potential Lower but still significant solar
Cost ₹5,000 ₹5,000 maximum energy generation and with consistent year-round energy potential with seasonal
(MPPT) (MPPT) cost savings generation variations
7000
Maintance 6041
₹ 340 ₹ 500 8000 7631
cost 6966
6000 5435
6865 5096
5000
Net Delta 6000
₹11,340 ₹22,500
Cost 4000
4000 3000
Avg savings
₹5,524 ₹7,154
per year 2000
2000
1000
Return of
2 years 3.145 years
Investement 0
0
Chennai Jaipur Patna
Chennai Jaipur Patna
Rigid Flexible
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Savings due to Water Cooling
1 Enhanced Efficiency Self-Powered System Optimized Performance
2 3
Advanced water-cooling increases solar panel Uses a small solar-powered DC motor for Maintains lower panel temperature, improving energy output.
efficiency by up to 33%. operation.
500
600
552 411
519 497 391 393
400
Net Delta Cost ₹11,340 ₹22,500 500
400 300
Water cooling ₹1000 ₹7154
300
200
Extra Savings per year ₹398 ₹522
200
100
100
Return of Investement 2.5 years 1.9 years
0 0
Chennai Jaipur Patna Chennai Jaipur Patna
Rigid Flexible
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Carbon Foot Print
Carbon Footprint Reduction (kg
Location
Carbon Footprint to produce 1kwh through grid 716 gCO₂/kWh CO₂/year)
Chennai 453.0
Life cycle carbon footprint of a solar panel 27-72 gCO2e/kWh
Rajasthan 672.0
Carbon footprint to manufacture a solar panel 396-443 kgCO2e Patna 416.6
Solar Electric auto Emissions
Significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions
50 kg/year
Electric auto Emissions
0.67 tones/year Thermal plants produces ~0.67 tonnes of CO₂ annually per vehicle
CNG Emissions
1.777 tones/year CNG engines produce ~1.777 tonnes of CO₂ annually per vehicle
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Conclusion & Recommendations
Optimal Panel Selection
Flexible panels offer better weight-to-power ratio despite
slightly lower efficiency
Battery Optimization
2 kWh battery reduction balances weight savings with
performance needs
Regional Savings
The high solar irradiance regions like Rajasthan has maximum ROI
Cooling Integration
Water cooling systems provide efficiency gains that justify their cost
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References
[Link]
[Link]
content/uploads/sites/14/2019/11/9C_3_RE_India19_076_paper_Sahana_L.pdf
[Link]
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[Link]
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[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
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Thank You
