INSTRUCTIONS:
a/ Discuss this topic in group of 5 students(Each group must have WPs and each
group must have students from ZPC and TPS as per previous certificates).
b/ Each member of group must clearly understand the general concept of the topic
c/ On 19.11.2024 at 11:00hrs to 12:45hrs there will be presentation of each group
randomly
d/ You have to summarize the topic not less than three pages, typed, theme font Arial
and font 12 space 1.5 and Justified.
TOPIC ONE
INTRODUCTION TO INTELLIGENCE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The concept of “intelligence” is neither easy to explain nor to translate. A direct
translation can have negative political and historical associations in some parts of
the world that make the word inappropriate in many international settings. This
makes of the use of word information as intelligence. However definitions of what
constitutes intelligence differ. Some say intelligence is “information designed for
action”, some say that it is “assessed information. Some say that information is
transformed into intelligence through the analytical process.
Despite a long history of research and debate, there is still no standard definition
of intelligence. Therefore the word intelligence in other field defined as:- an
inferred process that humans use to explain the different degrees of adaptive
success in people’s behaviour.
Peoples Behaviour
The mental abilities that enable one to adapt to, shape, or select one’s
environment
The ability to judge, comprehend, and reason
The ability to understand and deal with people, objects, and symbols
The ability to act purposefully, think rationally, and deal effectively with the
environment
1.1 Definition of keys terms
Before going deep to discuss issue of intelligence the first and foremost thing is to
understand different terms accompanied with the word intelligence.
1.1.1 What Is Intelligence?
Intelligence refers to analyzed and evaluated data/information. Intelligence can
also refers to the synthesis of known data/ information and analytical reasoning
to create a determination about crime or an overall operation environment.
Intelligence is knowledge of all things including criminals and crime). OR
intelligence is the end product of an analytic process which includes the collection
and assessment of information about crimes and/or criminal enterprises or is the
collection and analysis of information to produce an intelligence end product
designed to inform law enforcement decision making at both the tactical and
strategic levels
1.1.2 Criminal Intelligence
Criminal intelligence is the product of systematic gathering, evaluation, and
synthesis of raw data on individuals or activities suspected of being, or known to
be, criminal in nature".
1.1.3 Risk Assessment
Is the analysis of the possibilities or probabilities of future events and
circumstances, followed by forecast of the impact these would have on the
organization conducting assessment and on its goal. It provides snapshot of
vulnerabilities in an ever changing environment.
1.1.4 Information
Information- Refers to all forms of information/Data obtained, recorded or
processed including personal data and Intelligence. Or is raw/unrefined
information that is collected but has not been analyzed.
The analyzed information or raw data represents the principle element of
knowledge and as such is a critical input for rational decision making. It can be
used to create awareness and provide direction of ongoing and future activities.
When these raw data or information properly analyzed and evaluated it becomes
“intelligence”. Unfortunately, intelligence is often incorrectly used
interchangeably with the terms data or information
1.1.5 Intelligence Information
It refers to the information which has passed all stages of Collection, Evaluation,
Analysis, and orderly arranged so that law enforcers can use it for the purpose of
conducting operations or making decisions. Intelligence is then disseminated in
reports and other products that enable operators, analysts and senior leadership
to have better understanding of collective operation environment and to give
appropriate resource allocation.
[Link] Evaluating Information
Information gathered can be classified in the following groups namely;
1 - Confirmed
Logical, consistent with other relevant information, confirmed by independent
sources
2 - Probably True
Logical, consistent with other relevant information, not confirmed.
3 - Possibly True
Reasonably logical, agrees with some relevant information, not confirmed. The
validity of the information cannot be determined.
4 - Doubtfully True
Not logical but possible, no other information on the subject, not confirmed.
5 - Improbable
Not logical, contradicted by other relevant information.
6 - Cannot Be Judged
Insufficient information to evaluate reliability may or may not be reliable
1.2 Why Do We Gather Intelligence?
Intelligence is being conducted to save the purposes. It is used as a tool for
prevention and solving of problems before and after eruption of crime. Also
Intelligence is concerned with
Crime:
investigation,
apprehension and
prosecution
Projection of future
Service to investigator
1.3 Goals of Police Intelligence
Locate Evidence
Identify Contraband
Direct the Allocation of Resources
1.4 Types of Intelligence
There Are Two Main Types Of Intelligence, Which Are:-
a. Tactical/Operational
b. Strategic.
1.4.1 Tactical/Operational
This is intelligence which based on planning and conducting a specific operation
and focuses on specific date, time and place of prevent/attack. It needs a bigger
picture, assessing all the tactical intelligence and drawing conclusions or
operational analysis is directed towards a short term law enforcement objectives
with an immediate impart in mind, example arrest, seizure and forfeiture. Also
tactical in other word is Intelligence which based on planning medium term
objectives for local tactical operations in a medium area, particularly the
environments threat, the associates, activities and movement
1.4.2 Strategic
This is intelligence based on knowing the capacities and vulnerabilities of
enemies’ long term goals and methods of operation or strategic analysis consists
of monitoring and predicting the development of the global crime situation on
long term basis in a larger area which is divided into various geographical area
basing on the types of crime in each area.
1.5 The Role of Intelligence Unit
To collect information regarding crime and criminals
To Analyze collected information, evaluate it and to predict the future
situation
To advice the proper and secure means of fighting the enemy for the
health of the state
To forecast and predict future Crime trends).
To identify those engaged in crimes in all levels
Track down the suspects
Preventing incidents from occurring
Manage an actual or potential crisis by providing information
Provide tactical information essential to carry out operations
Disrupt the operation of criminals, including command, control and
recruitment.
1.6 Qualities of Good Intelligent Officer
The nature of intelligence work is highly confidential due to secret or restricted
information/data which are obtained through investigation. Therefore
confidentiality should be the first quality others include:-
1.6.1 Confidentiality.
Confidentiality is very important due to the secret and or restricted information
or data obtained through investigation. For example, when making surveillance
to identify assets and liabilities of a certain public leader, if the information is
disclosed to the public it may destroy evidence.
1.6.2 Good Memory.
This refers to ability to recall facts and past events of the suspect. Memory helps
the intelligence officer to identify habitual offenders. For example he must be
able to remember if the leader submitted his/her PL1 form for past years or not.
1.6.3 Curiosity and habitual inquisitiveness.
An Intelligence Officer must have a desire to learn the truth and ability to find as
much information as possible in order to get accurate information which will be
used for rational decision making.
1.6.4 An unbiased mind.
An Intelligence Officer should act honestly according to law. He should not make
decision on the basis of influence governed by social differences. For example
tribalism, financial aspects and religious basis. He should avoid making inaccurate
conclusions.
1.6.5 Suspicion.
An Intelligence Officer should not use assumptions to reach into conclusion. He
should never take things for granted. On the other words he should think out of
the box. For example on receiving information from informers an Intelligence
Officer should be suspicious to the reliability of that information.
1.6.6 Observation by using all five senses.
An Intelligence Officer should have the ability to use his all five senses to detect
and prevent crimes, Must have the ability to learn through suspect’s body
language during interview and interrogation.
1.6.7 Ordinary intelligence and common sense.
An Intelligence Officer should have ability to make good judgment by using
common sense and discretion.
1.6.8 Ability to hold confidence.
This is based on personality and integrity on the part of the Intelligence Officer.
He must be confident in his own competences.
1.6.9 Interest in sociology and psychology.
An Intelligence Officer should have an understanding of the basic sociology
concepts and the problems of dealing with people effectively. He should be a
person who knows how to deal with people.
1.7 Importance of Intelligence
The purpose of the Tanzania Police Force is to uphold the law fairly and firmly :-
The collection and collation of all information regarding crime in the country
will help the Inspector General and the Government keeps informed in all
matters of criminal interest.
The maintenance of law and order.
The prevention and detection of crime.
The apprehension and guarding of offenders.
1.8 Challenges Facing Intelligence In Tanzania
Financial Problems to facilitate training within and outside the country
Lack of skilled personnel in Intelligence Skills
Unclear differences between Criminal Investigation Department and
Intelligence Commission in Tanzania Police Force
N.B: Students should mention at least ten challenges facing Intelligence
Unit from their working place as a closure of the topic.
GROUP MEMBERS
WP 40,41 AND 53
BOYS
31-37
