FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM – FIRE ALARM

30 APRIL 2025

PEC1104D2

1) AMMAR ZAKWAN BIN MOHD RIZAL ( 2023644756 )

2) FIRDAUS IMTIYAZ BIN ELIAS ( 2023450906 )
3) MUHAMMAD IZZAT BIN ROSLAN ( 2023474096 )

4) NURAMIRAH SYAHIRAH BINTI MUHAMAD ROSLI ( 2023454908 )

 ECM346 OPEN ENDED LABORATORY - LEVEL 0
Rubric Assessment
Lab : FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM – FIRE ALARM

Date of Experiment : 30 APRIL 2025

TECHNICAL REPORT
RUBRICS MARKS
NO ELEMENT
2 4 6 8 10
No discussion on the Discussion on results Little discussion on Description of result is Result and discussion
meaning of is what result mean and generally clear. Some are clearly stated,
experimental results very difficult to follow, implications of results. discussion on what through discussion on
Discussion of and very difficult to no discussion on Enough errors are results mean and what results mean and
5
result follow the meaning of made to be implications of results. implications of results.
results and distracting, No significant errors Provide consistently
information is so but some information are made accurate information
inaccurate that makes is accurate
the report unreliable
Conclusion is good Conclusion is good Conclusion is
Conclusion is and and excellent
No attempt was derived from the derived from the and derived from
derived from the
made to conclude collected and collected and the collected and
6 Conclusion collected and
and objectives of analyzed data and analyzed data and analyzed data and
analyzed data but it
the lab were not not from other not from other not from other
is not answering
answered sources but did sources and sources.
the objectives
not directly answering directly answer the Conclusion clearly
the objectives. objectives answers the
objectives.
TOTAL / 20

Endorsed by RP ECM346:
NO. CONTENT PAGE

1 PREAMBLE --

1.1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.2 OBJECTIVE 1

1.3 LEARNING OUTCOMES 1-2

1.4 THEORITICAL BACKGROUND 2-3

2 PROBLEM STATEMENT 4

3 WAYS & MEANS --

3.1 APPARATUS 5

3.2 PROCEDURES 5-6

4 RESULTS --
7
4.1 RESULT

4.2 ANALYSIS 7-8

4.3 CONCLUSION 9

5 REFERENCES & APPENDIX --

5.1 REFERENCES 10

5.2 APPENDIX 10
 ECM 346 LAB REPORT

PART 1 PREAMBLE

1.1 INTRODUCTION

The need for an open-ended laboratory (OEL) activity is emphasized in enhancing

independent learning activities and inculcating creativity and innovation of students.

The traditional methods of conducting laboratory activities (assigned as Level 0) will

not be able to provide the avenue for students to enhance independent learning activities
and inculcate creativity and innovation. The traditional method is fully prescriptive where
the three elements namely problem, ways & means and answers are provided/fully given
to the students. However, it is still necessary to be implemented as part of the whole
laboratory course activity specially to first and second year students.

In this laboratory activity students will be exposed to the apparatus and appropriate
methods to understand the operation of the various fire-fighting system in the building.

1.2 OBJECTIVE

The management of any building must regularly investigate its own property to
ensure that it is comply to fire requirement as stipulated by Fire-Fighting Department. All
fire-fighting provisions must meet their standard requirements as set by Fire-Fighting
Department.

1.3 LEARNING OUTCOME

At the end of the laboratory activity, students would be able to:

 Illustrate the floor plan and locate all fire-fighting equipment of the given area of a

level.

 Explain the function and identify the types, number and location of fire-fighting

equipment and utilities used in the building.

 Understand the basic concept and principle of the fire sprinkler system.

1
 ECM 346 LAB REPORT

 Select the suitable fire sprinkler system as a safety device in building.

 Understand the basic concept and principle of fire extinguishers.

 Select the suitable fire extinguishers as a safety device in building.

 Explain the basic principles for each of the components in the fire alarm trainer.

 Differentiate between ionization and visible smoke detector heads.

 Describe the safety components and the essential wiring of a typical two types of

zone detector circuit or dual alarm system.

1.4 THEORITICAL BACKGROUND

Firefighting system may be active or passive. It is a system to prevent fire from

spreading in a building. For most firefighting purposes, water represents the ideal
extinguishing agent. Fire sprinklers utilize water by direct application onto flames and
heat, which causes cooling of the combustion process and prevents ignition of
adjacent combustibles.

Fire-fighting system and equipment vary depending on the age, size, use and
type of building construction. A building may contain some or all of the following
features: fire extinguishers, fire hose reels, fire hydrant systems and automatic
sprinkler systems. Fire extinguishers are provided for a 'first attack' fire-fighting
measure generally undertaken by the occupants of the building before the fire service
arrive. It is important that occupants are familiar with which extinguisher type to use on
which fire. Most fires start as a small fire and may be extinguished if the correct type
and amount of extinguishing agent is applied whilst the fire is small and controllable.
The extinguishing agents used for fire extinguishers that currently available include
water, foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical, wet chemical, and special purpose. Fire
extinguisher locations must be clearly identified. Extinguishers are colour coded
according to the extinguishing agent.

Fire-fighting systems are required to meet the needs of tackling small fires and

2
 ECM 346 LAB REPORT

to prevent fire from spreading in a building. All fire alarm system basically operates on
the same principle. If the detector detects smoke or heat, or fire alarm were triggered
by glass breaking, then the alarm sounders operate to warn others in the building that
there might be a fire and need to evacuate. For the system that protects property, it is
likely that additional fire alarm signals will incorporate remote equipment that would
alert the fire brigade in the central station. Fire alarm systems are wired and can be
broken down into three categories, Conventional, Addressable Analog and
Addressable. In Conventional Fire Alarm System, the number of points of call or a few
points call, and detector are wired to the Fire Alarm Control Panel in each zone, where
usually a person will wire the circuit each floor or fire compartment. Fire Alarm Control
Panel will have several lighting zones. The reason for the zone is to provide a rough
location of where the fire occurred, and each zone is controlled by the number of Zone
Control Panel.

Control Panel will be wired to a minimum of two sounder circuits that might
contain bells, electronic sounders or another audible device. Each circuit will have a
final line device used for monitoring purposes.

3
 ECM 346 LAB REPORT

PART 2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

2.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Fire-fighting systems are most effective during the fire's initial flame growth stage,
while the fire is relatively easy to control. A properly selected sprinkler will detect the fire's
heat, initiate alarm, and begin suppression within moments after flames appear. In most
instances sprinklers will control fire advancement within a few minutes of their activation,
which will in turn result in significantly less damage than otherwise would happen without
sprinklers. It is significant to understand the operation of any sprinkler system, the time of
sprinkler activation and the water pressure required for the system to the stabilize.

Nowadays, there are lack of safety awareness among citizens. This is because
citizens are not being properly educated and expose the importance of safety especially in
fire-fighting aspect. The importance of safety awareness must be taking into consideration to
increase the level of building safety.

Fire-fighting systems are required to meet the needs of tackling fires. Fire-fighting
system is a prevention system to prevent fire from spreading in a building. Understanding
each of the fire alarm system component and devices and how it works is important in fire
prevention operation.

The management of any building must regularly investigate its own property to ensure
that it is comply to fire requirement as stipulated by Fire-Fighting Department. All fire-fighting
provisions must meet their standard requirements as set by Fire-Fighting Department.

In this case, students are required to verify according to Fire-Fighting Department, the
fire-fighting systems in student hostel OR Ground Floor of Laman Perdana in UiTM Pulau
Pinang.

The relevant information should be included are location, types, numbers of

firefighting equipment and their specific functions, pictures, sketches and labels, floor plan.

4
 ECM 346 LAB REPORT

PART 3 WAYS & MEANS

3.1 APPARATUS

Fire alarm trainer will be provided in this laboratory activity.

3.2 PROCEDURES

Procedure for testing fire alarm system, smoke and heat detector:

 Switch on the Main Switch of the Fire Alarm Training Unit.

 Activate the test key provided at the break glass.
 Open the magnetic contact.
 Open the cover of the motion sensor and create the movement in front of the
sensor.
 Apply heat by using hair dryer on the heat sensor.
 Apply smoke by using smoke tester on the smoke sensor.

5
 ECM 346 LAB REPORT

 Push the emergency/panic button.

 Switch off the Main Switch of the training unit.

3.3 DATA ACQUISITION

6
 ECM 346 LAB REPORT

PART 4 RESULTS

4.1 RESULTS

NAME OF PICTURE FUNCTIONS

COMPONENT

FIRE - Manual fire alarm activation requires human

ALARM intervention, where someone need break
glass manual call point to raise alarm.
- Alarm sounders operate to warn others in
the building that there may be a fire and to
evacuate.

4.2 ANALYSIS

Break glass call point is device which requires human intervention to activation the alarm
by breaking the frangible element. Where the location of break glass call point should be
mounted 1.4m from the floor and sited where they can be easily seen. It connects to alarm
sounders where it operates help to warn person in the building there may be a fire and to
evacuate.

7
 ECM 346 LAB REPORT

4.3 DISCUSSION

BREAK GLASS CALL POINT

Components and the essential wiring of a typical two types of zone detector circuit or dual alarm
system.

1) Wiring of Conventional Fire Alarm System All components such as detectors, alarm and
call points in conventional fire alarm system are connected to the control panel through
separate wire or cable instead of shared one. That mean, the detectors are connected
with end of first wire and second one to the control panel. In conventional fire alarm
system, all components of fire protection such as detectors, alarm and call points are
installed dan divided into different zone. Example Zone 1 for ground floor, zone 2 for first
floor, zone 3 for second floor. With this way, it helps to identify easily the exact affecting
area to control room, building management and fire brigade. In other word, the more
numbers of zones, the more accurate locating the trigger and fire location.
2) In an addressable fire alarm system, all device like detectors, alarms and call points are
connected in a loop to the control panel, with each component having a unique address
for easy identification. This allows quick detection of the exact triggered location. If a
short circuit occurs, only a small section is affected due to isolation modules. The system
can support up to 99 devices over a distance of 3.3 km, depending on the control panel.
While more accurate than conventional systems, addressable systems are more
expensive. However, both are less advanced than intelligent systems, which can identify
the exact cause of the alarm (e.g., fault, pre-alarm, or fire).

8
 ECM 346 LAB REPORT

CONCLUSION

In conclusion it is important to have a fire fighting system in place as a part of a building’s

safety plan. Without a fire fighting system, the lives of those who are inside the building are
placed at a high risk in the event an emergency. The systems recommended for use like the
sprinkler systems, fire extinguisher, fire alarm systems, and smoke control systems use some
number of actions to notify of the fire and smoke conditions, help slow the growth of the fire or
to help put out the fire altogether. The plan that is recommended follows the guidelines provided
‘FIRE SERVICES ACT 1988’ and if they are put into use will be a safe place and in case of a
fire the building will include protections that will result in minimum loss.

9
 ECM 346 LAB REPORT

PART 5 REFERENCE & APPENDIX

5.1 REFERENCE

 Pinang, U. P. (n.d.). Fire Fighting System Cem 472 Week9a.

 Pinang, U. P. (n.d.). The Definition Of Fire Fighting Cem 472 Week 9.
 TECHNOLOGY, E. (n.d.). Types of Fire Alarm Systems and Their Wiring Diagrams.
Retrieved from [Link]
[Link]
 Systems, F. A. (2011, Mac 15). Fire Safety Advice Center. Retrieved from
[Link]

5.2 APPENDIX

10