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Bode Diagram Analysis for Mechanical Systems

The document outlines Homework #9 for MECH 3340, focusing on system dynamics modeling and analysis. It includes tasks such as sketching Bode diagrams, determining numerical values from Bode plots, and analyzing mechanical systems' dynamics equations. Additionally, it requires matching Bode plots with corresponding step responses and providing explanations for each pairing.

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Available Formats
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Topics covered

  • output displacement,
  • phase lag,
  • overshoot,
  • natural frequency,
  • frequency characteristics,
  • dynamic response,
  • frequency response,
  • decibels,
  • steady-state output,
  • resonant frequency
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
47 views5 pages

Bode Diagram Analysis for Mechanical Systems

The document outlines Homework #9 for MECH 3340, focusing on system dynamics modeling and analysis. It includes tasks such as sketching Bode diagrams, determining numerical values from Bode plots, and analyzing mechanical systems' dynamics equations. Additionally, it requires matching Bode plots with corresponding step responses and providing explanations for each pairing.

Uploaded by

biteclops
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Topics covered

  • output displacement,
  • phase lag,
  • overshoot,
  • natural frequency,
  • frequency characteristics,
  • dynamic response,
  • frequency response,
  • decibels,
  • steady-state output,
  • resonant frequency

MECH 3340 – System Dynamics Modeling and Analysis

Homework #9 Due Aug. 4, 2023

1) (20 points) For the following systems, sketch (by hand) the Bode diagram and identify on the
diagram the key values used to guide your sketch.
2
a) G ( s ) = (Key values: low-frequency magnitude, corner frequency, high-frequency
3s + 1
slope, low- and high-frequency phases)
2
b) G ( s ) = 2 (Key values: low frequency magnitude, resonant frequency, peak
s + 2s + 9
magnitude, high-frequency slope, low- and high-frequency phases)

Solution
a)

6dB
-20dB/decade

1/3 rad/s

0deg

-90deg

b)

-9dB
-13dB
-40dB/decade
2.65 rad/s

0deg

-180deg
2) (30 points) Consider the mechanical system shown below, assuming the input and output are
force p and displacement x , respectively. A series of experiments result in the following
Bode diagram. Determine the numerical values of m , b , and k from the Bode plot.
Remember that the y-axis of the magnitude plot is in decibels (dB), the y-axis of the phase plot
is in degrees, and the x-axis of both plots has a log scale in rad/sec.

Solution
Peak occurs around n = 3 rad/s. Low frequency gain is approximately
M ( 0 ) = −26dB = 0.05 . The peak magnitude is approximately M ( 3) = −22dB .
Comparing this to the low frequency gain, the resonant peak is M r = 4dB = 1.58 . Using
1
the equation for the resonant peak M r = , we get  = 0.333 . We now have three
2 1 −  2
independent data points, n = 3 ,  = 0.333 , M ( 0 ) = 0.05 , which we can use to identify
m , b , and k .

The ODE and transfer function for the mechanical system are mx + bx + kx = p ( t ) and
1 1
G (s) = . The DC gain of this transfer function is G ( 0 ) = . Set this equal to
ms + bs + k
2
k
the low frequency magnitude from above results in k = 20 . Comparing natural frequencies
k k b
results in = n2 , m = 2 = 2.2 . Finally, comparing damping terms results in = 2n ,
m 3 m
b = 4.4 . Thus, we have m = 2.2 , b = 4.4 , and k = 20 .
3) (15 points) Consider the mechanical system shown below, assuming the input and output are
displacement p and displacement x , respectively.
̇
a) Show that the dynamics equation is 𝑚𝑥̈ + 𝑏𝑥̇ + 𝑘𝑥 = 𝑏𝑝(𝑡)
b) What is the output x ( t ) at steady-state?
c) For small  , does the output lag or lead the input?
d) For large  , does the output lag or lead the input?

Solution
̇ ) − 𝑘𝑥
a) 𝑚𝑥̈ = −𝑏(𝑥̇ − 𝑝(𝑡)
b  b 
b) x ( t ) = P G ( j ) sin (t +  ) , G ( j ) = ,  = 90o − tan −1  2 
( k − m ) + (b )
2 2 2  k − m 

 b 
c) For small  ,   90o − tan −1   = 90 − 0 = 90 , output leads the input
o o o

 k 
 b 
d) For large  ,   90o − tan −1   = 90 − 180 = −90 , output lags the input
o o o

 − m 

4) (20 points) Match the following Bode plots (next page) with the following step responses.
Provide a brief explanation of each pairing.
Solution
1-b: Peak in Bode diagram corresponds to underdamped system with overshoot in the step
response. Low frequency magnitude of -20dB corresponds to a steady-state value of 0.1
for the step response.
2-d: Peak in Bode diagram corresponds to underdamped system with overshoot in the step
response. Low frequency magnitude of 0dB corresponds to a steady-state value of 1 for
the step response.
3-a: Phase shift from 0 to -180 degrees and no peak in Bode magnitude plot corresponds to an
overdamped 2nd order system with zero slope at time t = 0 seconds in the step response.
4-c: Phase shift from 0 to -90 degrees and high frequency slope of -20dB/decade corresponds
to a 1st order system with slope inversely proportional to time constant at t = 0 seconds in
the step response.
(1) (a)

(2)
(b)

(3)
) (c)

(4) (d)

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