Column Design: Design Calculations Page 1 of 8

COLUMN DESIGN CALCULATIONS

Project Name : 2x60MW Solar PV Plant at Kamoda
Client Name : SPRNG
Engineer Name : DPM
Analysis File : E:\PROJECTS\66kV\Design\ICR\IDT\STR\R0_2022.04.17
\Staad\IDT_2022.[Link]
Analysis Last Modified : 21-04-2022 [Link]

Definitions Of Terms:
All forces in units kN and m
All reinforcement details like area, spacing are mm
Grade Of steel for 6 mm dia. bars is Fe250. It is irrespective of the grade of steel defined by
user in column design.
Neutral axis angle for resultant design moment is with respect to local major axis.
Stiffness proportion factor at joint ( column
1 β = stiffness/sum of stiffness of all members connected at
joint)
Elastically computed first order lateral deflection.
2 Δu =
(Relative deflections)
Strain at level considered, Calculated ignoring the
3 ε1 =
stiffening of the concrete in tension zone
4 εm = Average steel strain at level considered
Distance from the point considered to the surface of
5 acr =
the nearest longitudinal bar
6 Ag = Gross area of the column cross section
7 Ak = Area of confined concrete core
8 Ash = Area of link cross section
9 b = Effective Width of Column in mm
10 B = Width / Smaller Dimension of Column in mm
11 d = Effective Depth of Column in mm
Depth / Larger Dimension of Column OR Diameter
12 D =
of Circular Column in mm
Diameter Of core measured to the outside of circular
13 Dk =
link
14 Ec = Modulus of elasticity of concrete
15 Es = Modulus of elasticity of steel
16 FcPerm = Permissible Stress in Concrete required in N/ (sqmm)
17 Fst = Stress in steel
18 FstPerm = Permissible Stress in Steel required in N/ (sqmm)
Characteristic compressive strength of concrete cube
19 Fck =
in N/sqmm
20 Fy = Yield Stress Of Steel in N/sqmm
Longer dimension of rectangular link measured to its
21 h =
outer face
22 Hu = Total lateral force acting within the story(Story shear)

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23 Hs = Height of the story (Floor height)

24 k = Reduction factor for slenderness moments
Additional moment due to slenderness about major
25 Max =
axis (Along D)
Additional moment due to slenderness about minor
26 May =
axis (Along B)
27 Mminx = Moment due to minimum eccentricity along D
28 Mminy = Moment due to minimum eccentricity along B
Moment capacity of web portion of wall as per clause
29 Muv =
9.4.2 and Annes A of IS 13920 - 2016
Factored moment Along D (Momemt About Major
30 Mux =
Axis)
Factored moment Along B (Momemt About Minor
31 Muy =
Axis)
32 MCap = Moment capacity of section for NA angle at design Pu
33 MRes = Resultant design moment at angle to local major axis
Axial capacity of column along B as defined in
34 Pb =
[Link]
Axial capacity of column along D as defined in
35 Pd =
[Link]
36 Pu = Factored axial force
37 Puz = Axial load on column as defined in 39.6
Sum of Axial loads on all column in the story (Gravity
38 Pu_Total =
Load)
Stability Index (factor for checking sway/ non sway
39 Q =
condition for a given story)
40 S = Link Spacing
Multiplying factor for shear strength of concrete as
41 Shear Strength Enhancement Factor =
per 40.2.2
42 Vur = Factored resultant shear force acting on the column
43 Vux = Factored shear force Along B
44 Vuy = Factored shear force Along D
45 Wcr = Surface Crack Width
46 WcrPerm = Permissible Crack Width required in mm
It is a Neutral Axis angle corresponding to load angle
47 β =
to find out MCap

Code References:
IS 456
ELEMENT CLAUSE / table
1 Max area of reinforcement : [Link]-a & b
2 Min area of reinforcement : [Link]-a & b

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3 Min number of bars : [Link]-c

4 Minimum Eccentricity Calc : 25.4 & 39.2
5 Effective Length : 25.2
6 Slenderness Moments : 25.3 & 39.7
7 Design for axial loads : 39.3
8 Design for axial loads And uniaxial bending : 39.5
9 Design for axial loads And Biaxial bending : 39.6
10 Design of horizontal links : [Link]
11 Design shear strength : 40.2
12 Stiffness Proportion Factor, β : E-1
13 Stability(Index, Q) : E -2
14 Crack width calculation : 3.8
Multiplying factor to Beam Stiffness for
15 : SP 24 1983 APPENDIX D
effective length calculation

IS 13920 - 2016
ELEMENT CLAUSE / table
1 Spacing of special confining reinforcement : 10.4 and 7.6
2 C/s area of special confining reinforcement : 7.6.1
3 Applicability of boundary element : 10.4.1
4 Muv-Moment Capacity of Web : Annex
5 Additional Compressive Force in BE : 10.4.2
6 Check for BE in tension and compression : [Link] and 10.4.3
7 Shear include due to Beam : 7.5
8 Minimum Flexural Strength of Column : 7.2
9 Shear Check at Column Joint : 9.1
10 Length of wall to thickness ratio : 10.1.3
11 Type of wall & Minimum reinforcement : 10.1.4
12 Largest diameter of longitudinal steel bar : 10.1.8
13 Shear reinforcement in RC wall : 10.2.3
Special confinement reinforcement in
14 : 10.4.4
Boundary Element
Minimum vertical reinforcement across
15 : 10.7
horizontal construction joint
Sway Calculation (Stability Index)
For Global-X Direction
Level Load Storey Gravity Relative Storey Stability Sway
Name Height (m) Load P Displacements Shear (kN) Index Condition
(kN) (mm)
B x C / (A x
A B C D
D)
LOAD 1:
0 m to 1.7 LOAD
1.7 401.444 0.011 77.713 0 Non Sway
m CASE 1
EQ (X)

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For Global-Y Direction

Level Load Storey Gravity Relative Storey Stability Sway
Name Height (m) Load P Displacements Shear (kN) Index Condition
(kN) (mm)
B x C / (A x
A B C D
D)
LOAD 2:
0 m to 1.7 LOAD
1.7 401.444 0.147 77.713 0 Non Sway
m CASE 2
EQ(Z)

General Data
Wall No. : C1,C2
Frame Type = Ductile
Level : 0 m To 1.7 m
Design Code = IS 456 - 2000 + IS 13920 - 2016
Grade Of Concrete = M25 N/sqmm
Grade Of Steel = Fe500 N/sqmm
Wall B = 450 mm
Wall D = 2750 mm
Clear Cover = 40 mm
Clear Floor Height @ B = 1700 mm
Clear Floor Height @ D = 1700 mm
No Of Floors = 1
No Of Walls In Group = 2
Wall Type : UnBraced
Minimum eccentricity check : One Axis at a Time
Code defined D/B ratio : 4
D/B Ratio : 6.11 >= 4 Hence, Design as Wall

Flexural Design (Analysis Forces)

Analysis Reference No. = 1
Critical Analysis Load Combination : 222
[41] : 0.9 (LOAD 5: LOAD
Load Combination = CASE 5 DL) +1.5 (LOAD 2:
LOAD CASE 2 EQ(Z))
Critical Location = Bottom Joint
Pu = 180.65 kN
Mux = 0 kNm
Muy = 99.06 kNm
Vux = -58.28 kN
Vuy = 0 kN

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Effective Length Calculation

Calculation Along Major Axis Of Column
Beam Sizes Beam Stiffness
Column Beam 1 Beam 2
Joint Beta
Stiffness (Length x (Length x Beam 1 Beam 2
Width x Depth) Width x Depth)
N-m x 10^6 mm mm N-m x 10^6 N-m x 10^6
Bottom 45875.46 No Beam No Beam - - 1
Top 45875.46 No Beam No Beam - - 1
Sway Condition (as per Stability
= Non Sway
Index)
Effective Length Factor along Major
= 1
Axis

Calculation Along Minor Axis Of Column

Beam Sizes Beam Stiffness
Column Beam 1 Beam 2
Joint Beta
Stiffness (Length x (Length x Beam 1 Beam 2
Width x Depth) Width x Depth)
N-m x 10^6 mm mm N-m x 10^6 N-m x 10^6
Bottom 1228.401 No Beam No Beam - - 1
Top 1228.401 No Beam No Beam - - 1
Sway Condition (as per Stability
= Non Sway
Index)
Effective Length Factor along Minor
= 1
axis

Minimum Eccentricity Check

Since Axial Force is compressive, Min. Eccentricity check to be performed
Most critical case is with Min. Eccentricity check in Y-direction
Minimum Eccentricity Along B :
Minimum Eccentricity = Unsupported Length / 500 + B / 30
= 18.4 mm
Mminy = Pu x Minimum Eccentricity
= 3.61 kNm
Slenderness Check
Max Slenderness Ratio(L/B) = 3.78
< 60 (Hence Ok)
Column Is Unbraced Along D
Slenderness Check Along D:
Effective Length Factor = 1
Slenderness Ratio = Effective Length / D
= 0.62, Wall not Slender Along D
Column Is Unbraced Along B
Slenderness Check Along B:

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Effective Length Factor = 1

Slenderness Ratio = Effective Length / B
= 3.78, Wall not Slender Along B

Calculation of Design Moment

Direction Manalysis Mmin (Abs) Mdesign Mslndx (Abs) Mdesign-final
A B C E F
Major Axis - Mux 0 --- 0 0 0
Minor Axis - Muy 99.06 3.61 99.06 0 99.06

Where
A = Moments directly from analysis
B = Moments due to minimum eccentricity
C = Maximum of analysis moment and min. eccentricity = Max (A,B)
E = Moment due to slenderness effect
F = Final design Moment = Max(C- Top Bottom , D- Top Bottom) + E

Final Critical Design Forces

Pu = 180.65 kN
Mux = 0 kNm
Muy = 99.06 kNm
Minimum % steel
User defined pt min1 = 0.25
Vertical reinforcement as per type of
wall
hw = 1700 mm
Lw = 2750 mm
hw/Lw = 0.62
Type of wall = 0.62 < 1, hence, Squat wall
tw = 450 mm
Ptv min2 = 0.48 %
Ptmin = Max ( 0.25 , 0.48 )
= 0.48 %

Resultant Moment (Combined Action)

Moment Capacity Check
Pt Calculated = 0.58
Reinforcement Provided = 36-T16
Load Angle = Tan-1(Muy/Mux)
= 90 deg
MRes = 99.06 kNm

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MCap = 622.15 kNm

Capacity Ratio = MRes/ MCap
= 0.16 <= 1
Shear Design (Analysis Forces)
Design for shear along D
Critical Analysis Load Combination : 220
[39] : 0.9 (LOAD 5: LOAD CASE 5
Critical Load Combination = DL) +1.5 (LOAD 10: LOAD CASE 10
WIND (-Z))
Design shear force, Vuy = 0 kN
Pu = 123.51 kN
= 0 N/sqmm
Pt (20% of vertical reinforcement) = 0.117 %
Design shear strength, Tc = 0.26 N/sqmm
Shear Strength Enhancement Factor = 1 + 3 x Pu / ( B x D x Fck)
= 1.012
Shear Strength Enhancement Factor
= 1.5
(max)
Shear Strength Enhancement Factor = 1.012
Enhanced shear strength, Tc-e = 0.2631 N/sqmm
Design shear check = Tvy < Tc x Enhancement factor
Link for Shear Design along D are not
required

Design for shear along B

Critical Analysis Load Combination : 220
[39] : 0.9 (LOAD 5: LOAD CASE 5
Critical Load Combination = DL) +1.5 (LOAD 10: LOAD CASE 10
WIND (-Z))
Design shear force, Vux = 25.5102 kN
Pu = 123.51 kN
Design shear stress, Tvx = Vux / (B x 0.8 xD) kN
= 0.0258 N/sqmm
Pt (20% of vertical reinforcement) = 0.117 %
Design shear strength, Tc = 0.26 N/sqmm
Shear Strength Enhancement Factor = 1 + 3 x Pu / (B x D x Fck)
= 1.012
Shear Strength Enhancement Factor
= 1.5
(max)
Shear Strength Enhancement Factor = 1.012
Enhanced shear strength, Tc-e = 0.2631 N/sqmm
Design shear check = Tvx < Tc x Enhancement factor
Link for Shear Design along B are not
required

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Design Of Links
Main Links
Links in the zone where special confining links are not required
Normal Links
Horizontal reinforcement as per type
of wall
hw = 1700 mm
Lw = 2750 mm
hw/Lw = 0.62
Type of wall = 0.62 < 1, hence, Squat wall
tw = 450 mm
Pth min = 0.48 %
Diameter of main horizontal steel = 10 mm
Thus, Spacing = 125 mm
Spacing of horizontal reinforcement
is minimum of following
D/5 = 550 mm
3xB = 1350 mm
Maximum = 450 mm
Spacing considered = 125 mm

Table For Links

Required Provided
Normal Design Shear Design Ductile Design Normal Zone Ductile Zone
Link Dia. 10 --- --- 10 ---
Spacing 125 --- --- 125 ---

Secondary Links:
Other link T8@125c/c

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