Visvesvaraya Technological University Belagavi,
Karnataka – 590018
K.L.E COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
CHIKODI - 591201
2024-25
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
report
“Philosophy, Character
Scope and Importance”
Submitted in partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Award
of the Degree Of
Bachelor of Engineering In
Computer Science And
Engineering
Submitted by
[Link] S Metri USN:2KD22CS042
Subject: Indian Knowledge System Subject Code:
BIKS609
Under the Guidance of
[Link] Umarani
Indian Knowledge System
Introduction to the Indian Knowledge System
The Indian Knowledge System (IKS) refers to the comprehensive body of knowledge that
originated and developed in the Indian subcontinent over thousands of years. Rooted in diverse
traditions, texts, and practices, IKS encompasses multiple disciplines such as philosophy,
mathematics, astronomy, medicine, linguistics, arts, architecture, spirituality, and ecology. It
reflects a way of life that emphasizes holistic living, ethical values, and the pursuit of truth. The
system has been preserved through both oral and written traditions, from the Vedas and
Upanishads to classical treatises and folk knowledge.
Philosophy of the Indian Knowledge System
The philosophical foundation of IKS is deeply spiritual and integrative. It goes beyond
materialism to explore the nature of reality, consciousness, and the self.
Core Philosophical Concepts:
Brahman and Atman: The belief in a universal soul (Brahman) and the individual soul
(Atman), which are ultimately one.
Dharma: The ethical and moral duties that sustain social and cosmic order.
Karma: The law of cause and effect, where actions have corresponding consequences.
Moksha: Liberation from the cycle of birth and death, considered the highest goal of life.
Purusharthas: The four aims of human life—Dharma (duty), Artha (wealth), Kama
(desire), and Moksha (liberation).
The IKS promotes knowledge that leads to liberation ("Sa Vidya Ya Vimuktaye"). It values both
intellectual and experiential understanding and sees learning as a means to achieve self-
realization and universal harmony.
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Indian Knowledge System
Character of the Indian Knowledge System
IKS is characterized by its holistic, pluralistic, and sustainable approach. It merges science with
spirituality, and logic with emotion.
Key Characteristics:
Holistic Approach: All aspects of life—spiritual, physical, emotional, and social—are
interconnected.
Empirical and Experiential: Knowledge is derived from observation, introspection, and
direct experience.
Diverse and Inclusive: Welcomes multiple schools of thought like Vedanta, Buddhism,
and Jainism.
Ethical and Value-Based: Encourages compassion, truth, and self-discipline.
Oral and Written Traditions: Knowledge is transmitted through scriptures, stories,
music, and rituals.
Interdisciplinary Nature: Integrates various disciplines like science, art, medicine, and
spirituality in a unified framework.
Cyclical Time Perception: Emphasizes the cyclical nature of time and life, as opposed to
linear historical timelines.
Community-Centered Learning: Focuses on the collective well-being of society rather
than individual success alone.
Environmentally Conscious: Promotes harmony with nature through sustainable living
and reverence for the earth.
Practical Orientation: Aims to apply knowledge for the welfare of humanity, with real-
world relevance and adaptability.
Examples include the temple as a fusion of architecture, art, acoustics, astronomy, and spiritual
symbolism, and Ayurveda, which combines medical science with lifestyle guidance and spiritual
wellness.
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Indian Knowledge System
Scope of the Indian Knowledge System
IKS covers a vast array of disciplines, contributing to various fields that are relevant even today.
Major Fields and Contributions:
Mathematics: Zero, decimal system, algebra (Aryabhata, Bhaskara).
Astronomy: Planetary motion, timekeeping, Surya Siddhanta.
Medicine (Ayurveda): Charaka and Sushruta Samhitas, herbal treatments, surgery.
Psychology and Yoga: Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras, mind-body connection.
Linguistics: Panini’s grammar (Ashtadhyayi), structure of Sanskrit.
Architecture: Vastu Shastra, temple design based on cosmic geometry.
Art and Culture: Classical dance, music, drama (Natya Shastra).
Education: Gurukula system, holistic learning, institutions like Nalanda and Takshashila.
Ecology and Agriculture: Sustainable farming, water management, sacred groves.
Importance of the Indian Knowledge System
Cultural Importance:
Preserves India’s diverse heritage and promotes pride in indigenous identity.
Strengthens social cohesion through shared values and practices.
Educational Importance:
Encourages interdisciplinary learning and critical thinking.
Builds character and imparts value-based education.
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Indian Knowledge System
Scientific Relevance:
Offers traditional models for health, astronomy, and environmental science.
Supports innovation grounded in indigenous methods.
Global Relevance:
Practices like Yoga and Ayurveda are accepted worldwide for wellness and mental
health.
Contributes to global discussions on sustainability, ethics, and spirituality.
Spiritual and Moral Guidance:
Promotes inner peace, mindfulness, and ethical living.
Provides a framework for a balanced and purposeful life.
Contemporary Applications and Revival of IKS
In recent times, there has been a renewed interest in reviving and integrating IKS with modern
knowledge systems. Institutions, researchers, and educators are recognizing the relevance of
indigenous knowledge in addressing present-day challenges.
Contemporary Applications:
In Education: The NEP 2020 emphasizes incorporating IKS into school and university curricula to
promote holistic and value-based learning.
In Health: Integration of Ayurveda and Yoga with modern medicine to offer alternative and
complementary health solutions.
In Environment: Use of traditional water conservation methods, organic farming, and
sustainable living inspired by ancient practices.
In Technology: Rediscovering ancient scientific insights like metallurgy, architecture, and textile
design for innovation.
Efforts are also underway to digitize ancient manuscripts and encourage interdisciplinary
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Indian Knowledge System
Challenges and Future Prospects
Despite its richness, IKS faces certain challenges in its revival and acceptance.
Challenges:
Lack of Documentation: Many traditional practices remain undocumented or are being
lost.
Colonial Legacy: Western education systems have overshadowed indigenous knowledge
traditions.
Skepticism: Modern scientific communities sometimes dismiss IKS due to lack of
empirical validation.
Language Barrier: Many original texts are in Sanskrit or regional languages, making them
less accessible.
Future Prospects:
Interdisciplinary Research: Combining modern science with IKS to create innovative
solutions.
Global Recognition: Promoting Indian knowledge globally through cultural exchange and
academic collaborations.
Policy Support: Government initiatives and funding to preserve, research, and
disseminate IKS.
Youth Engagement: Involving young minds in the study and practice of IKS to ensure
continuity.
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