1.

in the introduction part the researcher put

- Evolution of mobile network technologies that goes back to 1971 in Finland where the first mobile
network (pre-1G) begins.
- define1g 2g 3g 4g and 5g network as
1g-analog systems with no data capability
2g-digital circuit-switched systems optimized for full-duplex communication and super voice
telephony
3g-digital circuit-switched systems optimized for full-duplex communication and super voice
telephony
4g-providing us with ultra-high-speed internet connection.
5g-will be able to provide us facilities that one has never experienced until date
- network evolution in Ethiopia context-started from2g
- then lastly defines 5g network
2. Statement of the Problem

- the researcher puts that what is the initiation for the statement of the problem indicating other
researchers then states the problem
that is: increasing huge data traffic from time to time, it is difficult to handle such huge data traffic
with existing mobile technology. This suggest that we should have mobile technologies with higher
capabilities that can handle huge data traffic.
the implied researcher believes that there should be a clear and detail plan in place to introduce 5G
network technology in Ethiopia to prevent and overcome mobile capacity challenges that will be arise
in near future.
Before deploying 5G network technologies, infrastructure and technology, regulation and policy
innovation, landscape, human capital, country profile, and demand for specific technology should be
evaluated appropriately and accurately to show that country or company's readiness level.
this study aims to address this readiness gap
3. Research Questions

- What is current readiness level of Ethiopia Telecom to introduce 5G network technology

- What changes must be in place before introducing 5G network technology
4. Objectives

the objective don't Specify what will be done in the study, where, and for what purpose
5. Scope of the study

- assess current readiness level of Ethio telecom to deploy 5G network technology

- organizational and environmental readiness
- what needs to change before deployment
- Both quantitative and qualitative research approach and E-readiness assessment framework (STOPE)
was used for this readiness assessment.
- The study is limited Ethio Telecom employees and didn‟t consider other stakeholders because of
time and financial limitations.
- Data was collected using closed ended Likert scale based questionnaire item and semi structured
interview.
- Smart PLS and SPSS version 25 are used to assess Structural and measurement model, and
demographic data of respondents.
6. Significance of the study

- help to identify which factors Ethiopia should take action to improve

- Help policy and regulation makers to update policies and regulations based on this research input
- Help Ethio telecom top management to put road map to 5G
- used as input for other researchers to study further
- Create awareness for stakeholders, vendors and users to make ready themselves for new technology
i.e. 5G
7. Thesis Organization
- The first chapter presented the background to the research, the research problem, the research
objective, the research question, significance of the study and the scope of the study
- The second chapter reviewed the related literature on network technology generations, 5G
deployment models,5G application and challenges, and research model (This study uses STOPE model
along with other methods for the assessment of ethio telecom readiness to implement 5G network
technologies.) were presented. -TAM model is best to assess
individual‟s acceptance behavior where DOI theory is most appropriate for investigating the adoption
of technology -but STOPE model is a powerful choice for assessing the
readiness level of a specific country or organization because it incorporates five basic dimensions
(strategy, technology, organization, people, and environment) that allow the researcher to assess the
readiness level of any organization from various perspectives. based on the model the resarcher
defines stope (strategy, technology, organization, people, and environment)
hypotesis
- Hypothesis 1: Deploying 5G network technologies is affected by strategy readiness.
- Hypothesis 2: Deploying 5G network technologies is affected by technological readiness.
- Hypothesis 3: Deploying 5G network technologies is affected by organizational readiness level.
- Hypothesis 4 Deploying 5G network technologies is affected by people readiness
- Hypothesis 5: Deploying 5G network technologies is affected by environmental readiness.
- Hypothesis 6: strategy affects organization readiness.
- Hypothesis 7: strategy affects people readiness.
- Hypothesis 8: strategy affects technology readiness.
- Hypothesis 9: strategy environmental readiness.

- The third chapter presented the methodology of the study which is the researcher used both
qualitative and quantitative research approach to assess current state of ethio telecom readiness to
deploy 5G network technology. Qualitative research approach is used to collect survey questionnaires
data from respondents, whereas qualitative approach used to gather data through interview from top
level management. the researcher identified five most appropriate divisions based on their
association to the research objectives namely:
- -Wireless network division:-responsible for wireless network design and planning,
construction, rollout, and maintenance and operation after service implemented.
- -Information Systems division:-is in control of activities like overall system implementation,
system maintenance, and support
- -Transport network division:-responsible for network line installations i.e. fiber, microwave
connections and copper line etc
- -Strategy and program management division:-is in charge of overall strategy of the
company and different programs
- -Marketing division:-is responsible for market research activities, product sales and
promotions.
- generally the study's target population is ethio telecom permanent employees from the
five divisions identified during the preliminary investigation.

sampling method:-There are two types of sampling techniques:

probability:- every member of the population has a chance of being chosen
non-probability:-some members of the population have little or no chance of being chosen.
Quota sampling is a non-probability sampling technique that involves dividing a population into
subgroups and selecting a predetermined number of individuals from each subgroup:
The Quota sampling technique was used for this study.
The wireless division was given 40% of the quota
the other four given 15% of quota
sample size:- Sample size for this study is determined from five selected divisions of ethio telecom.
Ethio telecom employees under five division considered as total population of the study. Thus, total
population of the study is 2571 and sample size (n) is computed using the following formula and
becomes 96
Data Collection:- For this study, closed ended Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were
used to collect data from respondents
- Questionnaires were prepared based on STOPE (Strategy,Technology, Organization,
People, and Environment) model and customized to meet with the objectives this particular study.
- Before collecting actual data twenty (20) pilot test questionnaires was distributed online
using Google form
- 96 questionnaires were prepared and distributed in hard copy,
- three top-level directors who can judge their company were interviewed.
- Eight interview questions were prepared by adopting existing e-readiness assessment
literatures.
Data presentation and analytics:-
- For this study, descriptive analysis was made on demographic data using SPSS version 25
and evaluation of measurement model (reliability and validity test) and structural model (significance
test, path analysis, R-squared and Q-squared) conducted to test using Smart PLS software package.
- For final readiness survey, the mean value of all five independent variables will calculated
and the result will be used to show the overall readiness level of the company using e-LRS model.
Data collected from interviews was also subjected to thematic analysis method.

There are two types of sampling techniques: probability and non-probability.

- In the fourth chapter data analysis and results of the study were presented. at the end of each
definitions he puts his own hypothesis.
- Data analysis and Result:- Data analysis and results describes in detail the results of the data
analysis.
- This chapter covers both quantitative and qualitative data presentation, data analysis, and
result interpretation.
- First, quantitative data analysis for demographic representation of respondents is
discussed, followed by statistical assessment of measurement model (reliability and validity of
questionnaires) and structural model assessment (significance test, R2, path coefficient, and T-
statistics).
- This section also discusses qualitative data analysis for data gathered from interviews.
- the fifth chapter conclusions and recommendations were presented
theoretical framework

Data Analysis and Result

 This chapter covers both quantitative and qualitative data presentation, data analysis,
and result interpretation.
 First, quantitative data analysis for demographic representation of respondents is
discussed, followed by statistical assessment of measurement model (reliability and
validity of questionnaires) and structural model assessment (significance test, R2,
path coefficient, and T-statistics).
 This section also discusses qualitative data analysis for data gathered from
interviews.

This text presents a comprehensive analysis of the demographic data and the
evaluation of a measurement model used in the study. Below is a summary of the key
sections:

4.2 Demographic Data of Respondents

Respondents in this study were categorized based on gender, job level, and company
experience, as shown in Table 1:

 Gender: 75% male (72 respondents), 25% female (24 respondents).

 Job Level: The majority of respondents were specialists (53.1%), followed by operational
level employees (20.8%), experts (15.6%), and managers (10.4%).
 Company Experience: The largest group had 5-10 years of experience (35.4%), followed by
those with over 15 years (31.3%), and fewer with less than 5 years (7.3%).

This demographic breakdown suggests that most respondents are experienced

professionals in mid-level positions within their companies.

4.3 Measurement Model

The study evaluates the measurement model through:

1. Factor Loading: Factors were analyzed based on their correlation with indicators. Items with
loadings less than 0.5 were deleted to ensure reliability and validity.
2. Reliability: Composite reliability (CR) values for all constructs exceeded the threshold of 0.7,
confirming the reliability of the measurement model.
3. Convergent Validity: Most constructs had an Average Variance Extracted (AVE) above 0.5,
except for "Readiness" which had a value of 0.406. Despite this, the CR values were
acceptable.
4. Discriminant Validity: The Fornell-Larcker criteria and cross-loading tests confirmed that
discriminant validity was established for all constructs.

4.4 Structural Model

The structural model evaluates the relationships between constructs:

1. Structural Path Significance: Bootstrapping analysis showed significant paths for most
relationships, with the exception of Environment → Readiness, which had a borderline
significance (p=0.063).
2. Path Coefficients: Significant path coefficients were found for all relationships, particularly
for Strategy → Readiness (β = 0.250), and others like Strategy → Organization and Strategy
→ People.
3. Multicollinearity: No multicollinearity was observed in the model, as VIF values for both
outer and inner models were below the threshold of 4.
4. Coefficient of Determination (R²): The R² value for Readiness was 0.883, indicating that the
model explains a significant portion of the variation in Readiness.
5. Predictive Relevance (Q²): The Q² value of 0.309 suggests a high degree of predictive
relevance for Readiness.

4.5 Hypothesis Testing

Each hypothesis was tested to determine the relationships between strategic readiness,
technological readiness, organizational readiness, people readiness, and
environmental readiness in the context of 5G network deployment:

 H1 to H8 were all supported, showing that Strategy, Organization, People, Technology, and
Environment had significant effects on Readiness.
  H5 was not supported, as the effect of Environmental Readiness on 5G deployment was not
statistically significant.

4.6 Readiness Assessment

The Readiness Assessment used the e-Learning Readiness Survey (e-LRS) model by
Aydin and Tasci (2005), which assesses the readiness level across different
components. The results were ranked on a 5-point Likert scale, where a mean score of
3.4 indicates that the institution is "ready but needs a few improvements."

This detailed breakdown of the study highlights key findings regarding respondent
demographics, the reliability and validity of the measurement model, and the
significant relationships identified in the structural model. The assessment confirms
the importance of readiness in implementing 5G technologies.

Conclusion
Summary of the Document

This study assesses Ethio Telecom's readiness to deploy 5G network technology,

focusing on the current state and the necessary changes before deployment. The
research was guided by two main questions:

1. What is the current readiness level of Ethio Telecom to introduce 5G network technology?
2. What changes must be in place before introducing 5G network technology?

The readiness of Ethio Telecom was evaluated using the STOPE model, which looks
at five perspectives: Strategy, Technology, Organization, People, and
Environment. Based on the findings:

 Strategic Readiness: Ethio Telecom has a future development plan for basic IT infrastructure,
including a commitment to deploying 5G. The company is currently expanding 4G in high-
traffic areas and intends to use it as the primary network while preparing for 5G deployment.
 Technological Readiness: Ethio Telecom is mostly ready, with adequate financial capacity for
deployment. However, fiber installations for site-to-site connections need improvement, as
90% of sites are connected through microwave, not fiber.
 Organizational Readiness: While Ethio Telecom is developing its internal capabilities, there
are gaps in human resource readiness. Employee awareness and training about 5G
technology are insufficient, and there are no specific 5G-related training programs offered by
the company.
 People Readiness: The staff lacks the necessary technical and managerial skills for 5G
deployment. Although workshops are being attended, no company-driven 5G training
programs exist.
 Environmental Readiness: The environmental factors, such as power supply and government
policies, are not yet conducive for 5G deployment. Power supply issues could hinder 5G
technology, although some government policies are seen as supportive by top-level
managers. However, the overall readiness of the Ethiopian telecom market to welcome 5G is
still lacking.

Changes Needed for 5G Deployment

Before deploying 5G, Ethio Telecom must:

1. Develop a clear roadmap for 5G, including budgeting and resource allocation.
2. Focus on fiber installation for site-to-site and premises connections.
3. Invest in employee training and awareness creation at all levels within the company and
across the country.

Conclusion

Ethio Telecom is minimally ready for 5G deployment. While the company is

prepared in terms of strategy, technology, organization, and people, significant
improvements are needed, especially in environmental readiness. The Ethiopian
telecom market and government need to collaborate to create a favorable environment
for 5G. Ethio Telecom will likely continue focusing on 4G expansion while
monitoring the conditions for 5G introduction.

Recommendations
 Ethio Telecom should focus on enhancing readiness, particularly in employee training and
awareness.
 Collaboration with government policymakers and regulators is crucial for preparing the
environment for 5G.
 Upgrading backhaul infrastructure to fiber is essential for fully utilizing 5G technology.
 Future researchers should expand the scope to include the readiness of the entire telecom
market, including IoT technologies.

In summary, while Ethio Telecom has made progress, substantial efforts in planning,
training, infrastructure, and environmental preparation are required before the full
deployment of 5G in Ethiopia.