ID 2 – INDUSTRIAL DRAWING (CAD 3D)
LESSON 1.2. Composite Solids Primitive
LEARNING
• Apply the different methods of composite solids primi-
OUTCOMES
tive commands to draw 3D geometric shape based on
the required command. (CDIO Skills 2.5.1, 2.4.3)
TIME FRAME WEEK 2
Introduction
In this lesson you will be able to create 3D solid using the commands box, wedge,
cylinder, cone, sphere torus, pyramid, and polysolid.
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ID 2 – INDUSTRIAL DRAWING (CAD 3D)
Activity 1.2 (Let’s Get Started!)
Determine the command of the following
1. Box
2. Cone
3. Wedge
4. Cylinder
5. Sphere
6. Torus
7. Pyramid
Analysis 1.2 (Let’s Think About it!)
Draw the top view and front for each item in Activity 1.2.
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ID 2 – INDUSTRIAL DRAWING (CAD 3D)
Abstraction 1.2 (Let’s Explore!)
CREATING SOLID SHAPES BOX, WEDGE, CYLINDER, SPHERE, CONES, PYRAMID, TO-
RUS
Solid Modeling - includes working with crude shapes, for example, spheres, cubes,
and n-sided prisms. However, various projects may utilize method. Solid modeling
is much more useful in the design of a mechanical component. Solid and Regions
There are 7 types of solid primitive objects in AutoCAD, a) box, b) wedge, c) cyl-
inder, d) cone, e) pyramid, f) sphere, g) torus, and h) polysolid
CREATE BOX AND WEDGE
Box and Wedge commands have almost the same steps but differs in geometric
shape.
STEPS TO CREATE BOX OR WEDGE:
1. Execute BOX or WE command
2. Specify the first corner.
3. Specify the other corner
a. Options for other corner are Cube and Length
BOX – Create a 3D solid box. The base of the box is always drawn parallel to the
XY plane of the current UCS (work plane). The height of the box is specified in the
Z-axis direction. You can enter both positive and negative values for the height.
Figure 58
Figure 58. Box command parts
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ID 2 – INDUSTRIAL DRAWING (CAD 3D)
BOX ►DEFAULT ACT 1
1. Create a new drawing using ACAD.DWT template
2. Set your view to SE Isometric
3. Turn off Dynamic Input
4. Create a box. Refer to Figure 59
5. Command: BOX <ENTER>
6. Specify first corner or [Center]: 0,0 <ENTER>
7. Specify other corner or [Cube/Length]: 3,2 <ENTER> *
8. Specify height or [2Point] : 1 <ENTER>
* There are two options to enter coordinates in STEP 5. (a) Absolute coordinate
and (b) relative coordinate. It is highly suggested to use relative coordinate.
Figure 59. Box command using coordinates entry methods
BOX ►CUBE ACT 2
9. Command: BOX<ENTER>
10. Specify first corner or [Center]: 6.5,0<ENTER>
11. Specify other corner or [Cube/Length]: C<ENTER>
12. Specify length: Track 0 degree and type 2<ENTER>
13. Sample output in Figure 60
NOTE: Turn on Polar tracking and set to 90 degrees incremental
Figure 60. Box command using Cube option
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ID 2 – INDUSTRIAL DRAWING (CAD 3D)
BOX ►LENGTH ACT 3
14. Command: BOX <ENTER>
15. Specify first corner or [Center]: 12,0 <ENTER>
16. Specify other corner or [Cube/Length]: L <ENTER>
17. Specify length: track 0 degree then type 3 <ENTER>
18. Specify width: track 90 degrees then type 2 <ENTER>
19. Specify height or [2Point: 1 <ENTER> (See Figure 61)
Figure 61. Output of BOX Length option
BOX ►CENTER ACT 4
20. Command: BOX <ENTER>
21. Specify first corner or [Center]: C <ENTER>
22. Specify center: 7.5,1,-0.25 <ENTER>
23. Specify corner or [Cube/Length]: 6,-0.5,-0.5 <ENTER>
24. Specify height or [2Point] : 0.5 <ENTER> (See Figure 62)
25. DIY. Add same drawing on top of blue box. Make sure to maintain box height at
1”. See Figure 63
Figure 62. Box Center option
Figure 63. Place the blue box on top of
3x3x0.5 box
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ID 2 – INDUSTRIAL DRAWING (CAD 3D)
WEDGE. Creates a 3D solid wedge. The direction of the taper is always in the posi-
tive X-axis direction of the UCS.
SHORTCUT COMMAND: WEDGE
OPTIONS: Center, Cube, Length, 2Point
Figure 64. Parts of Wedge
WEDGE ►Default ACT 5
1. Command: WE<enter>
2. Specify first corner or [Center]: 0,6<enter>
3. Specify other corner or [Cube/Length]: 3,8<enter>
4. Specify height or [2Point] <10.0000>: 1<enter>
Figure 65. WEDGE, Default option
WEDGE ►Cube ACT 6
5. Command: WE <ENTER>
7. Specify first corner or [Center]: 6.5,6 <ENTER>
8. Specify other corner or [Cube/Length]: C <ENTER>
9. Specify length: Track 0 degree and type 2 <ENTER>
NOTE: Turn on Polar tracking and set to 90 degrees incremental
Figure 66. WEDGE, Cube option
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ID 2 – INDUSTRIAL DRAWING (CAD 3D)
WEDGE ►Length ACT 7
26. Command: WE <ENTER>
27. Specify first corner or [Center]: 12,6 <ENTER>
28. Specify other corner or [Cube/Length]: L <ENTER>
29. Specify length: track 0 degree then type 3 <ENTER>
30. Specify width: track 90 degrees then type 2 <ENTER>
31. Specify height or [2Point: 1 <ENTER>
Figure 67. WEDGE, Length option
WEDGE ►Center ACT 8
32. Command: WE <ENTER>
33. Specify first corner or [Center]: C <ENTER>
34. Specify center: 7.5,7,1 <ENTER>
35. Specify corner or [Cube/Length]: 6.5,6 <ENTER>
36. Specify height or [2Point] : 2 <ENTER> (See Figure 68)
37. Save your file as EXERCISE05_BoxWedge
Figure 68. WEDGE, Center Option with inserted WEDGE 2
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ID 2 – INDUSTRIAL DRAWING (CAD 3D)
CREATE CYLINDER AND CONE
CYLINDER – Create a 3D solid cylinder. In the illustration, the cylinder was created
using a center point (1), a point on the radius (2), and a point for the length (3). The
base of the cylinder is always on a plane parallel with the work plane. You can con-
trol the smoothness of curved 3D solids, such as cylinder, in a shaded or hidden vis-
ual style with the FACETRES system variable
1. CENTER POINT
2. RADIUS
3. H-HEIGHT
Figure 69. Parts of Cylinder
STEPS TO CREATE CYLINDER OR CONE:
1. Execute CYL or CONE command
2. Specify center point of base.
3. Specify base radius
4. Specify height
CYLINDER ►DEFAULT ACT 9
1. Open a new drawing template ACAD
2. Command: CYL <ENTER>
3. Specify center point of base or [3P/2P/Ttr/Elliptical]: 1.5,1.5 <ENTER>
4. Specify base radius or [Diameter]: 1.5 <ENTER>
5. Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint] : 2 <ENTER> (See Figure 70)
CYLINDER ►3P ACT 10
6. Command: CYL <ENTER>
7. Specify center point of base or [3P/2P/Ttr/Elliptical]: 3P <ENTER>
8. Specify first point: 4.5,0 <ENTER>
9. Specify second point: 6,1.5<ENTER>
10. Specify third point: 4.5,3<ENTER>
11. Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint] : 2 <ENTER> (See Figure 71)
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ID 2 – INDUSTRIAL DRAWING (CAD 3D)
CYLINDER ►2P ACT 11
12. Command: CYL <ENTER>
13. Specify center point of base or [3P/2P/Ttr/Elliptical]: 2p <ENTER>
14. Specify first end point of diameter: 9,1.5 <ENTER>
15. Specify second end point of diameter: 6,1.5<ENTER>
16. Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint] : 2 <ENTER> (See Figure 72)
Figure 71. 3Points Figure 72. 2Points
Figure 70. Default
CYLINDER ►TTR ACT 12
17. Command: CIRCLE <ENTER>
18. Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr(tan tan radius)]:10.5,1.5 <ENTER>>
19. Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] : 1.5 <ENTER>
20. Command: CIRCLE <ENTER>
21. Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr(tan tan radius)]:17,1.5 <ENTER>
22. Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] : 1.5 <ENTER>
23. Command: CYL <ENTER>
24. Specify center point of base or [3P/2P/Ttr/Elliptical]: T <ENTER>
25. Specify point on object for first tangent: PICK circle 1
26. Specify point on object for second tangent: PICK circle 2
27. Specify radius of circle: 3 <ENTER>
28. Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint] : 2 <ENTER> (See Figure 73)
CYLINDER ►Elliptical ACT 13
29. Command: CYL <ENTER>
30. Specify center point of base or [3P/2P/Ttr/Elliptical]: E <ENTER>
31. Specify endpoint of first axis or [Center]: 25,2.5 <ENTER>
32. Specify other endpoint of first axis: 20,2.5 <ENTER>
33. Specify endpoint of second axis: 22.5,6 <ENTER>
34. Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint] : 2 <ENTER> (See Figure 74)
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ID 2 – INDUSTRIAL DRAWING (CAD 3D)
Figure 73. TTr Figure 74. Elliptical
CONE – Creates a 3D solid cone. Creates a 3D solid with a circular or elliptical base
that tapers symmetrical to a point or to a circular or elliptical planar face. You can
control the smoothness of 3D curved solids, such as a cone, in a shaded or hidden
visual style with the FACETRES system variables
Figure 75. Parts of Cone
CONE ►DEFAULT ACT 14
35. Command: CONE <ENTER>
36. Specify center point of base or [3P/2P/Ttr/Elliptical]: 1.5,9 <ENTER>
37. Specify base radius or [Diameter] <3.0000>: 1.5 <ENTER>
38. Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint/Top radius] <2.0000>: 3 <ENTER>
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ID 2 – INDUSTRIAL DRAWING (CAD 3D)
CONE ►3P ACT 15
39. Command: CONE<ENTER>
40. Specify center point of base or [3P/2P/Ttr/Elliptical]: 3P<ENTER>
41. Specify first point: 5,7.5<ENTER>
42. Specify second point: 6.5,9<ENTER>
43. Specify third point: 5,10.5<ENTER>
44. Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint/Top radius] <3.0000>: 3<ENTER> (See
Figure 76)
Figure 76. CONE, 3P option
CONE ►2P ACT 16
45. Command: CONE<ENTER>
46. Specify center point of base or [3P/2P/Ttr/Elliptical]: 2P<ENTER>
47. Specify first end point of diameter: 8.5,7.5<ENTER>
48. Specify second end point of diameter:8.5,10.5<ENTER>
49. Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint/Top radius] <3.0000>: 3<ENTER> (See
Figure 77)
Figure 77. CONE, 2P option
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ID 2 – INDUSTRIAL DRAWING (CAD 3D)
CONE ►TTR ACT 17
50. Command: CIRCLE<ENTER>
51. Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:11.5,8.5<ENTER>
52. Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <1.5000>: 1<ENTER>
53. Command: CIRCLE<ENTER>
54. Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:15.5,8.5<ENTER>
55. Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <1.5000>:1<ENTER>
56. Command: CONE<ENTER>
57. Specify center point of base or [3P/2P/Ttr/Elliptical]: T<ENTER>
58. Specify point on object for first tangent: PICK 1st tangent
59. Specify point on object for second tangent: PICK 2nd tangent
60. Specify radius of circle <1.5000>: 2
61. Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint/Top radius] <3.0000>: 3
Figure 78. CONE, TTR option
CONE ►Elliptical ACT 18
62. Command: CONE<ENTER>
63. Specify center point of base or [3P/2P/Ttr/Elliptical]: E<ENTER>
64. Specify endpoint of first axis or [Center]: 20.5,9<ENTER>
65. Specify other endpoint of first axis: 17,9<ENTER>
66. Specify endpoint of second axis: 18.75,11.5<ENTER>
67. Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint/Top radius] <3.0000>: 3<ENTER>
Figure 79. CONE, Elliptical option
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ID 2 – INDUSTRIAL DRAWING (CAD 3D)
CONE ► Top Radius ►Height ACT 19
68. Command: CONE<ENTER>
69. Specify center point of base or [3P/2P/Ttr/Elliptical]: 26,9<ENTER>
70. Specify base radius or [Diameter] <3.5000>: 2<ENTER>
71. Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint/Top radius] <3.0516>: T<ENTER>
72. Specify top radius <0.0000>: 1<ENTER>
73. Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint] <3.0516>: 4<ENTER>
74. Filename : EXERCISE06_CylinderCone
Figure 80. CONE, Top Radius option
CREATE PYRAMID
PYRAMID [PYR]. Creates a 3D solid pyramid. By default, a pyramid is defined by the
center of the base point, a point on the middle of the edge, and another point that
determines the height.
CENTER POINT
RADIUS HEIGHT
Figure 81. Parts of Pyramid
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ID 2 – INDUSTRIAL DRAWING (CAD 3D)
STEPS TO CREATE PYRAMID
1. Execute command PYR
2. Specify center point or number of sides
3. Specify base radius or inscribed
4. Specify top radius and/or height
PYRAMID ►DEFAULT ACT 20
77. Open a new drawing template ACAD.
78. Set the visual style to CONCEPTUAL and SE ISOMETRIC view
79. Enable POLAR Mode and select 90 degrees
80. Command: PYR<enter>
Default 4 sides Circumscribed
81. Specify center point of base or [Edge/Sides]: 0,0<enter>
Position crosshair by tracking the 0 degrees
82. Specify base radius or [Inscribed] : 5<enter>
83. Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint/Top radius] : 10<enter> (See Fig-
ure 82)
PYRAMID ►SIDES ACT 21
82. Command: PYR <enter>
83. Specify center point of base or [Edge/Sides]: S<enter>
84. Enter number of sides : 12<enter>
85. Specify center point of base or [Edge/Sides]: 20,0<enter>
86. Specify base radius or [Inscribed] : 5<enter>
87. Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint/Top radius] : 10<enter> (See Figure
83
PYRAMID ►TOP RADIUS ACT 22
88. Command: PYR<enter>
89. Specify center point of base or [Edge/Sides]: S
90. Enter number of sides: 8<enter>
91. Specify center point of base or [Edge/Sides]: 0,20<enter>
92. Specify base radius or [Inscribed] >: 5<enter>
93. Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint/Top radius] : T<enter>
94. Specify top radius : 2<enter>
95. Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint] : 10<enter> (See Figure 84)
96. Filename: EXERCISE07_Pyramid
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ID 2 – INDUSTRIAL DRAWING (CAD 3D)
Figure 82. PYRAMID Default, Figure 83. PYRAMID Sides=12,
Sides=4, Height=10, Base Ra- Figure 84. PYRAMID 8 Sides=8,
Height=10, Base Radius=5
dius=5 Base Radius=5, Top Radius=2,
Height=10
CREATE SPHERE AND TORI
SPHERE. Creates a 3D solid sphere. You can create a sphere by specifying a cen-
ter point and a point on the radius. You can control the smoothness of curved 3D
solids, such as sphere, in a shaded or hidden visual style with the FACETRES sys-
tem variable.
STEPS TO CREATE SPHERE
1. Execute SPHERE command
2. Specify center point
3. Specify radius
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ID 2 – INDUSTRIAL DRAWING (CAD 3D)
SPHERE ►DEFAULT ACT 23
1. Create a new drawing using ACAD template
2. Command: SPHERE <enter>
3. Specify center point or [3P/2P/Ttr]: 0,0<enter>
4. Specify radius or [Diameter] <5.4120>: 2 (See Figure 86)
SPHERE ►2P ACT 24
5. Command: SPHERE<enter>
6. Specify center point or [3P/2P/Ttr]: 2P<enter>
7. Specify first end point of diameter: 4,0<enter>
8. Specify second end point of diameter: 8,0<enter> (See Figure 86)
SPHERE ►3P ACT 25
9. Command: SPHERE<enter>
10. Specify center point or [3P/2P/Ttr]: 3P<enter>
11. Specify first point: 10,0<enter>
12. Specify second point: 14,0<enter>
13. Specify third point: 12,2 (See Figure 86)
SPHERE ► TTR ACT 26
14. Command: C <enter>
15. Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 3,5<enter>
16. Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] : 1.5<enter>
17. Command: C <enter>
18. Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 9,5<enter>
19. Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] : 1.5<enter>
20. Command: SPHERE<enter>
21. Specify center point or [3P/2P/Ttr]: T<enter>
22. Specify point on object for first tangent: click circle 1
23. Specify point on object for second tangent: click circle 2
24. Specify radius of circle : 4<enter> (See Figure 85)
25. Filename: EXERCISE08_Sphere
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Figure 85. Sphere, Tangent-Tangent Radius
Figure 86. SPHERE, From Left, Sphere-Default, Sphere-2P, and Sphere-3P (Top View)
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ID 2 – INDUSTRIAL DRAWING (CAD 3D)
TORUS. Creates a donut-shaped 3D solid. You can create a torus by specifying
the center, then the radius or diameter of the torus, and then the radius or diameter
of the tube that surrounds the torus. You can control the smoothness of curved 3D
solids, such as torus, in a shaded or hidden visual style with the FACETRES sys-
tem variable.
3 Tube
2 radius
radius
Figure 87.TORUS Parts
STEPS TO CREATE TORUS
1. Execute TOR command
2. Specify center point
3. Specify radius
4. Specify tube radius
TORUS ►DEFAULT ACT 27
114. Create a new drawing template ACAD
115. Command: TOR<enter>
116. Specify center point or [3P/2P/Ttr]: 0,0<enter>
117. Specify radius or [Diameter] <10.0000>: 10<enter>
118. Specify tube radius or [2Point/Diameter] <1.0000>: 3<enter> (See Figure 88)
119. Filename: EXERCISE09_Torus
..
Figure 88. TORUS, Default
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ID 2 – INDUSTRIAL DRAWING (CAD 3D)
CREATE POLYSOLID
POLYSOLID. Creates a 3D wall-like polysolid. You can create walls with straight
and curved segments of constant height and width.
Polysolid default settings
in English In Metric
Height = 4.0000 Height = 80
Width = 0.2500 Width = 5
Justification = Center Justification = Center
:
,
POLYSOLID ► DEFAULT ACT 28
118. Open a new template ACADISO.DWT
119. Command: POLYSOLID<enter>
120. Specify start point or [Object/Height/Width/Justify] <Object>: 0,0 (1)
<enter>
121. Specify next point or [Arc/Undo]: 0,40 <enter>
122. Specify next point or [Arc/Undo]: -20,40 <enter>
123. Specify next point or [Arc/Undo]: <enter>
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POLYSOLID ► OBJECT ACT 29
124. Command: PL<enter>
125. Specify start point: 70,40<enter>
126. Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: 70,0<enter>
127. Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: 110,0<enter>
128. Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: 110,40<enter>
129. Specify next point or [Arc/ Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: <enter>
130. Command: POLYSOLID<enter>
131. Specify start point or [Object/Height/Width/Justify] <Object>: O<enter>
132. Select object: click 1
2D PLINE OBJECT AFTER SELECTING OBJECT
NOTE: When using this option, the object should be converted into one.
1. Open a new template ACAD.
2. Use GRID, SNAP and POLYLINE
3. Use the default values of POLYSOLID, Height = 2.0000, Width = 0.2500, Jus-
tification = Center
4. Filename: EXERCISE10A_PolysolidObject
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POLYSOLID ► HEIGHT ACT 30
133. Command: POLYSOLID<enter>
134. Specify start point or [Object/Height/Width/Justify] <Object>: H<enter>
135. Specify height <80.0000>: 20<enter>
136. Specify start point or [Object/Height/Width/Justify] <Object>: 140,40<enter>
137. Specify next point or [Arc/Undo]: 140,0<enter>
138. Specify next point or [Arc/Undo]: 180,0<enter>
139. Specify next point or [Arc/Undo]: 180,40<enter>
140. Specify next point or [Arc/Undo]: <enter>
Figure 89. Height=20, Width=5
Figure 90. Height=20, Width=2.5
POLYSOLID ►WIDTH ACT 31
141. Command: POLYSOLID<enter>
142. Specify start point or [Object/Height/Width/Justify] <Object>: W<enter>
143. Specify width <5.0000>: 2.5<enter>
144. Specify start point or [Object/Height/Width/Justify] <Object>: 220,40<enter>
145. Specify next point or [Arc/Undo]: 220,0<enter>
146. Specify next point or [Arc/Undo]: 260,0<enter>
147. Specify next point or [Arc/Undo]: 260,40<enter>
148. Specify next point or [Arc/Undo]: <enter>
POLYSOLID ►JUSTIFICATION
149. Command: POLYSOLID<enter>
150. Specify start point or [Object/Height/Width/Justify] <Object>: J<enter>
151. Enter justification [Left/Center/Right] <Center>: L<enter>
152. Specify start point or [Object/Height/Width/Justify] <Object>: 160,40<enter>
153. Specify next point or [Arc/Undo]: 180,40<enter>
154. Specify next point or [Arc/Undo]: <enter>
155. Command: POLYSOLID<enter>
156. Specify start point or [Object/Height/Width/Justify] <Object>: J<enter>
157. Enter justification [Left/Center/Right] <Center>: C<enter>
158. Specify start point or [Object/Height/Width/Justify] <Object>: 190,40<enter>
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159. Specify next point or [Arc/Undo]: 210,40<enter>
160. Specify next point or [Arc/Undo]: <enter>
161. Command: POLYSOLID<enter>
162. Specify start point or [Object/Height/Width/Justify] <Object>: J<enter>
163. Enter justification [Left/Center/Right] <Center>: R<enter>
164. Specify start point or [Object/Height/Width/Justify] <Object>: 220,40<enter>
165. Specify next point or [Arc/Undo]: 240,40<enter>
166. Specify next point or [Arc/Undo]: <enter>
POLYSOLID ►ARC
167. Open a new template ACDAISO.DWT
168. Command: POLYSOLID<enter>
169. Specify start point or [Object/Height/Width/Justify] <Object>: H<enter>
170. Specify height <80.0000>: 5<enter>
171. Specify start point or [Object/Height/Width/Justify] <Object>: W<enter>
172. Specify width <5.0000>: 10<enter>
173. Specify start point or [Object/Height/Width/Justify] <Object>: 40,140<enter>
174. Specify next point or [Arc/Undo]: 40,90<enter>
175. Specify next point or [Arc/Undo]: A<enter>
176. Specify endpoint of arc or [Close/Direction/Line/Second point/Undo]: 90,90<en-
ter>
177. Specify endpoint of arc or [Close/Direction/Line/Second point/Undo]: L<enter>
178. Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Undo]: 90,140<enter>
179. Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Undo]: <enter>
180. Filename: EXERCISE10B_Polysolid
x1
x2 x4
x3
Top view isometric view
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