STANLEY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLGY FOR WOMEN

(Autonomous)
Abids, Hyderabad
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

BCI FOR VEHICLE CONTROL FOR AUTOMATIC

SECURITY
(UNDER PROJECT WORK)
PW 761 EC
2022-23

Presented by
Internal Guide Kola Aarthi 160619735112
Mrs.C.V. Keerthi Latha(PhD) Doodala Ushasree
Assistant Professor 160619735312
ECE Dept. Thatipally Sharanya
160619735322

BATCH: C15
CONTENTS

[Link]
[Link] of Work
[Link]
[Link]
[Link] Survey
[Link] Diagram(Hardware components)
[Link] chart & Software components
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
ABSTRACT

• This project basically provides a real time model of a low cost wheel chair based on the guiding movement of the voice,
for the persons disabled with quadriplegia.
• Now, this technique is using in vehicles to control and to operate the vehicle by the disabled persons.

• This model expected to benefit the poor paralyzed people as it provides a simplified low cost model of the wheel chair.

• This model is realized through data comparison in serial communication with the special purpose microcontroller IC.

• This is detected like an object cross in a transmitter and receiver, and it will intimate.

• In this project brain wave signals are our object detected by using infrared signal serially interact with controller,
which in turn, controls the wheel chair movements based on brain wave signal.

Keywords: Brain Computer Interface(BCI), Arduino, L293 Driver Module.

 PLANNING OF WORKS
S. Activity Oct-2022 Nov-202 Dec-202 Jan-2023 Mar-2023 April-2023 May-2023
No 2 2
1 Literature Survey

2 Identification of
Objects
3 Methodology

4 Selection of Hardware
& Software
components
5 Integration of Hardware
& Software
6 Laboratory Testing

7 Preparation of
Documentation
8 Submission
OBJECTIVES

• To benefit the poor paralyzed people as it provides a simplified low cost model of the wheel chair to
control vehicles and social development in this era.

• Implementation of Technology in Real-Time World.

• Development and usage of BCI Sensors in different automatic security applications.

INTRODUCTION

• From the statistics of the recent years, the number of paralyzed citizens is on the rise. A survey shows that about 5.6
million Americans live with some form of paralysis. Besides, around 15% of the global population encounter some type of
disability.

• A large portion of this population who falls into this group cannot resume to typical life because of inaccessibility to
assistive devices. Moreover, disability can form a vicious circle and bit by bit debase the life of the individual. It is also clear
that handicap predominance is higher in developing nations.

• These handicapped persons, if offered with a device which may provide them mobility along with some advanced control
features may lead a decent life because disability should be no more a hindrance to personal and social development in
this era.

• In such cases, an electric motor driven wheelchair controlled by EEG signal can be an excellent solution. Recently,
Different advanced models of electric wheelchairs are commercially available.
 • Wheel Chair Technique placed in vehicle as shown
in figure.

• Main purpose of this project is to provide automatic

security.

• And to benefit the paralyzed people.

.
LITERATURE SURVEY
[Link] Year Publication details Title Description

Towards passive brain–computer interfaces: applying Braincomputer interfaces (BCIs) allow their
1 2009 Mak, J. N., and brain–computer interface technology to human– users to communicate or control external
Wolpaw, J. R machine systems in general devices using brain signals rather than the
brain's normal output pathways of
peripheral nerves and muscles

Gunter Edlinger ; Brain-computer interfaces for goal orientated BCI control in combination with Virtual
2 2009 Environments (VE) gains more and more
Clemens Holzner ; control of a virtual smart home environment
interest. A comparison of the applicability
Christoph Guger ; C. and reliability of different BCI types based on
event related potentials (P300 approach) will
Groenegress ; Mel be presented. In contrast to other BCI
Slater approaches yielding only 2-3 degrees of
freedom this study is focused on a BCI
system that can be realized for Virtual Reality
(VR) control with a high degree of freedom
and high information transfer rate.
Towards concerted efforts for treating and
3 2018 Tomislav Milekovic Brain-computer interfaces based on curing spinal cord injury” 2002; Arno,
intracortical recordings of neural Levine, and Memmott 1999). Restoring
movement and independence for people
activity for restoration of movement with paralysis remains a challenging
and communication of people with clinical problem, currently with no viable
solution
paralysis
[Link] Year Publication details Title Description

The application is based on the event-related potential called

4 2006 Eugene Teo ; Alvin Media Communication Center P300 to perform button selections on media and communication
Huang ; Yong Lian ; Using Brain Computer Interface programs such as the mp3 player, video player, photo gallery and
e-book. One of the key issues in such system is the usability. We
Cuntai Gua ; study how various tasks affect the application operation, in
particular, how typical mental activities cause false trigger during
Yuanqing Li ; the operation of the application

Haihong Zhang
This paper introduced a new biological sensing system of space
5 2016 Yan Bian ; Xuanfang A new control system for space robot based on brain-computer interactive control. We combined
Wang ; Li Zhao ; robot based on Brain-Computer multi bio-signals which were electroencephalogram (EEG),
electromyography (EMG) and voice to send the mission control
Shigang Cui Interfaces command for the space robot. In the system, biological dry
electrode sensors and a microprocessor module were utilized to
collect or analyze these bio-signals
EXISTING & PROPOSED SYSTEM

EXISTING SYSTEM:

• In the existing system, wheel chair technique is in usage to facilitate in benefitting manner to disabled persons. Now
this technique is using in vehicle controlling for automatic security.

• The BCI sensor can get active in wrong time i.e, if we are in heavy stress or in depression or in any critical thinking,
sensor can sense signals by our eye blinking and it can show as waveforms in oscilloscope but in vehicle it can control
the movement of it.

• This BCI sensor is wear at head called as setup with wire connection between vehicle, humans being and BCI.

PROPOSED SYSTEM:

• In the proposed system, BCI sensor is used. So that the result can affect on human being brain to know their
behaviour using brain signals. It is real time entity such as used in vehicle controlling, wheel chair etc.

• In the proposed system, we use wireless data transmission for easy access to that setup.
BLOCK DIAGRAM

• The given block diagram shows the structure of hardware

components used in BCI for vehicle control for automatic
security.

• The majorly used components are:

 ARDUINO

 BCI Sensor

 HCO5 Bluetooth

 Wheel chair setup

 L293 Driver Module

 Power Supply
 HARDWARE COMPONENTS
•.

Arduino:
• ARDUINO UNO is an ATmega328P microcontroller and open-source hardware and software
company, project, and user community that designs and manufactures single-board
microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building digital devices.

• It has 14 digital I/O pins, 6 analog input pins, one USB connection, DC power jack, reset button as
shown in figure. All the other components are interface with Arduino with the help of pins.
Features of Arduino uno:

• Microcontroller: ATmega328 & Operating voltage: 5V

• Input Voltage: 7-12V & Digital I/O Pins: 14

• Analog Input Pins: 6 & DC Current per I/O Pin: 40mA

• DCCurrent for 3.3V Pin: 50mA

 HARDWARE COMPONENTS

Arduino Pins:
BCI Sensor: BCI Sensor connected to Laptop (which is having
respected MATLAB code)using bluetooth.
HC05 Bluetooth module: 4pins of HC05 module is connected
to Arduino. In that, 2 pins are connected to Transmitter and
Reciever section other 2pins are connected to GND and VCC.
L293 Driver Module: 6pins are connected to Arduino to
activate motors which are connected to driver module. 4pins
from driver module is connected to 2motors.
Power Supply: It is connected Arduino input pins i.e, VCC and
GND to provide external power supply.

Fig: internal connection of components of BCI Sensor for Vehicle

Controlling for Automotic Security.
 HARDWARE COMPONENTS

Brain wave sensor:

• BCI system captures the electrical signals from the
forehead position.

• The electrodes will then send the signals to the amplifier and
filter circuit wherein the signal is amplified and unwanted •.

noise and signals are filtered out .

• The analog signals are then converted into digital signals by

the inbuilt ADC of Arduino.

• Since the electrical signals are taken from the forehead

position near the eyes, they contain data regarding the eye
movement.

• Thus we obtain the eye blink count from the obtained

electrical signal
 Micro controller process based on logic:

The micro controller process the signals based on the following logic:

1. Whenever we blink, EEG waves will encounter a peak.

2. This peak value is set as threshold value.

3. If we blink, the output of the ADC goes beyond the threshold value, the Arduino counts it as a blink.

4. The moment we blink, the timer of the microcontroller will start.

HARDWARE COMPONENTS

HC-05 Bluetooth Module

• HC-05 is a Bluetooth module which is designed for wireless
communication. This module can be used in a master or
slave configuration.
• Bluetooth serial modules allow all serial enabled devices to
communicate with each other using Bluetooth.
• As HC-05 Bluetooth module has 3.3 V level for RX/TX and
microcontroller can detect 3.3 V level, so, no need to shift
transmit level of HC-05 module.
• This module works on 3.3 V. We can connect 5V supply
voltage as well since the module has on board 5 to 3.3 V .
regulator
HC-05 Bluetooth Module
It has 6 pins: .
1. Key/EN: It is used to bring Bluetooth module in AT commands mode. If Key/EN pin is set to
high, then this module will work in command mode. Otherwise by default it is in data mode. The
default baud rate of HC-05 in command mode is 38400bps and 9600 in data mode.
HC-05 module has two modes,
1. Data mode: Exchange of data between devices.
2. Command mode: It uses to send these commands to module serial (USART) port.
2. VCC: Connect 5 V or 3.3 V to this Pin.
3. GND: Ground Pin of module.
4. TXD: Transmit Serial data.
5. RXD: Receive data serially (received data will be transmitted wirelessly by Bluetooth module).
6. State: It tells whether module is connected or not.
Pin Description
HARDWARE COMPONENTS
L293D Driver Module
L293D driver module:
• L293D is a typical Motor driver or Motor Driver IC which allows DC motor to drive on
either direction.

• L293D is a 16-pin IC which can control a set of two DC motors simultaneously in any
direction. It means that you can control two DC motor with a single L293D IC.

• It works on the concept of H-bridge. H-bridge is a circuit which allows the voltage to
be flown in either direction.

• As you know voltage need to change its direction for being able to rotate the motor
in clockwise or anticlockwise direction, hence H-bridge IC are ideal for driving a DC
motor.
 .

L293D motor driver IC contains two H-bridge circuit inside it.

In case 1:

when logic ‘1’ apply to transistor T1 and T4, motor starts rotating in clockwise

direction due to circuit complete and current flows through it as shown by blue

indication.

In case 2:

when logic ‘1’ apply to transistor T2 and T3, so motor starts rotating in anti-

clockwise direction due to circuit complete and direction of current flows through it is

shown by green indication.

FLOW CHART:
 SOFTWARE COMPONENTS

Arduino Compiler:
• Compiling a program is the process of transforming high-level source code into
a low-level object code (binary code) called machine language, which can be
understood by the processor.
• Arduino is an open source, computer hardware and software company, project,
and user community that designs and manufactures microcontroller kits for
building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control
objects in the physical world.
• The microcontrollers are typically programmed using a dialect of features from
the programming languages C and C++.
SOFTWARE COMPONENTS

Embedded C

• Embedded C is most popular programming language in software field for developing electronic
gadgets.
• Each processor used in electronic system is associated with embedded software.
• In embedded system programming C code is preferred over other language. Due to the following
reasons:
Easy to understand
High Reliability
Portability
Scalability
 RESULTS

• The figure is the vehicle setup of BCI for

vehicle control for automatic security
consisting of Arduino, power supply, L293
Driver module and HC-05 Bluetooth. In this, all
these components are connected to the input
output pins of the Arduino board. Arduino
board plays a major role in BCI for vehicle
control for automatic security. Based on the
indications from the BCI Sensor and
Embedded code, vehicle can move.
• The figure shows Brain-Computer Interface. BCI
enables a person to control an external device using
brain signals. BCIs could aid people with disabilities
and improve national defence capabilities, among
other uses. The purpose of a BCI is to detect and
quantify features of brain signals that indicate the
user's intentions and to translate these features in
real-time into device commands that accomplish the
user's intent.
• This is the output of MATLAB code of BCI for Vehicle
Controlling for Automotic Security. This is the result of
BCI for Vehicle Controlling for Automatic Security. This
is the output waveform for third time eye blinking. There
are four Arrow indicators. For first time eye blink
upward Arrow will filled by blue colour as a result the
waveform can appears. For second time eye blink right
side Arrow will filled by blue colour as a result the
waveform can appears continuous.
• This is the result of BCI for Vehicle Controlling
for Automotic Security. This is the output
waveform for fourth time eye blinking. There
are four possible conditions for the BCI for
Vehicle Controlling for Automotic Security.
ADVANTAGES

• Low cost.

• Accurate control.

• Detect and intimate exact object.

• Quick analyzing.
CONCLUSION

• We propose a new human-vehicle cooperative driving system which combines the with automatic security . Its
feasibility is verified by the simulation and real vehicle driving experiment.

• We have implemented this cooperative human-vehicle driving mode by combining the BCI system with Arduino
Automatic Security. The safe driving of the BCI was accomplished by this mode, which has Been verified in the real
vehicle control experiment.
REFERENCES

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technology to human– machine systems in general,”. J. Neural Eng. 8:025005. doi: 10.1088/1741-2560/8/2/ 025005,
2011

[2] Mak, J. N., and Wolpaw, J. R., “Clinical applications of braincomputer interfaces: current state and future prospects,”
IEEE Rev. Biomed. Eng. 2, 187–199. doi: 10.1109/RBME.2009.2035356, 2009

[3] Wolpaw, J. R., Birbaumer, N., McFarland, D. J., Pfurtscheller, G., and Vaughan, T. M., “Brain–computer interfaces for
communication and control,” Clin. Neurophysiol. 113, 767–791. doi: 10.1016/ S1388- 2457(02)00057-3, 2002

[4] Lecuyer, A., Lotte, F., Reilly, R. B., Leeb, R., Hirose, M., Slater, M., “Brain-computer interfaces, virtual reality, and
videogames,” IEEE Comput. 41, 66–72. doi: 10.1109/MC.2008.410, 2008

[5] Ali Bashashati, Mehrdad Fatourechi, Rabab K Ward, and Gary E Birch, “A survey of signal processing algorithms in
brain-computer interfaces based on electrical brain signals,” Journal of Neuralengineering, 4(2):R32, 2007.