Schrodinger equation in Cartesian coordinate
II y 17 off In
Schrodinger equation in Polar coordinate
Z
y
0
Z
rsmo
y
r Hmo.sn of
smart
g
f y
x
Let Yen y z Rer OI
t tr
t
wave function Radial Angular
in Cartesian
part past
coordinate
on substitution the cartesian equation
proper
gives following polar equation
F Sino E V
Sio
frfr SzezofsinozBo
2
r Iff
f
The above
equation is broken into three
independent parts and hence can be solved
with greater ease The solution to
Radial wavefunction
equation containing r gives
and quantum number n'and e
The solution to equation containing
gives and quantum no m
The solution to equation containing O gives
a which contain quantum number
l and ni
Solution to Schrodinger equation Combined
ys R of
Solution to Schrodinger equation
separated equations
Radial function solution to a
typical
radial function looks like
Rcr
note dimention
gTuj3k
Tsao idea that n 3
n
e gives
quadratic term in r gives idea that
for two real value of
r Rer o
hence two radial nodes
no radial nodes is
given by
of
formula
no radial G e
D
of
node
here no
of nodes 2
2 3 l I le o
the radial function belongs to
35 orbital
for s orbital the value
of
radial function has non zero value
at g o
the orbitals to whsch
identify
these radial Sanctions belong
CD
HD
Radial Radial
probability density probability
distribution and related terms
The Xen Yaz has no
physical significance
but yifa.ge probability density of finding
electron at x
yid coordinate
42 niff dndydZ probability
that particle
is between
prob Volume x seeded
density
IzIIIE
geometrically
f4 dndy
XX IF probability
n fax that particle
is in this
y box
Raj Probability density of radial
function
prior
4a f tr
r volume
of
thin
concentric
shell
Rcr5f Gast dr probability that
particle will be
Y volume in
between
rider
and
prob density which the
that particle value
will be at radial ofprobability
distance 8 constant
density
Herne radial probability Rent 4ar dr
Radial Probability distribution
Roof leaf Per radial probability
distribution
Radial probability distribution curve for
its orbital
Russ
Rust
r a
isJ.m't i.fERcrD2I
f X
Radial curve
for 25,35 as
probability
orbital
Ross
RL
BL
easily
L Mm
r r s
magma.int
r r
Radial distribution for 2Pc3P 4P
probability
orbital
Rap Rzp Rap
A
AA
ra raj
inurn
r rt r
minion
r r r
Pen n r for d orbital
i
I
9 HL
Me
Angular functions
how the shape of a
p orbital
is defined
A P orbital is
typical
Ocos I Gso
TAE
Kao
Ren q ff e
is
The angular part
I3 O
Gso
2oz
note it is ofindependent
0
function depends only upon
angular
variation
Let us plot a
graph of
with O
of Of
proof
ETzcoso
p i
i
g i
g
t i
k 0 in
Coste
Y Izz A
Kcmo since Cis
x VI GO Since
2oz
aio
Cos Osmo
I
k
arioso E
R2
eat E
o
se y y K
I y kg
0
a Cs E5 Eu
circle with Centre 0,44
equation of
for lower quadrant
sit e
E5 EI
E ED
i i
is circle
plot a
Now I Iast
0
if 0K32 is plotted against
obtained
following
shape
Is
fE
015
magnitude of
Varies with 0
on
Z plane
y
Hence off orbital The value of
define shape of
Only 0
O and 0 function
Ren is independent
J
orbital
ef Shay
J
PROPERTIES OF WAVE FUNCTIONS
S orbitals are
spherically
symmetrical The angular post of
S ostbital does not contain any O
function independent of 0,01
or
y
Thus the probability of findingdirection
does not depend upon
electron
far H atom angular part
The radial part of H atom
term e
Yao
contains a
T
radius o 52g go
Bohr's radius
a
do first
radial
exponential part
in
The
function is
of type
Zr 2 nucleus
Thao charge
e
n principle
9 no
larger z more
sharply 4 decreases
larger n Y decreases
slowly to zero
Spherical Node
Radial node
between nucleus g
in space
The point
and rear
where probability of finding
called radial node
zero is
electron is
radial
N.of.am
nod
orbital the
Ex for 25
is
radial part of
wave
function
when T Zao
Rcr o
Ranjan
te
Je Zao
Zao
Radial node or
node at
spherical
Te Zao
G e
radial function of
following as the
35 orbital
Rcr
ter
nodes will be situated at
The radial
at which
distances
28
18 t
7 Yao
0
Solve 22h2 18N c 27
2 27
he 118 I f 182 4
a t18If
u
178 I 6
T
I 91 353 3 3 5
Z Z
Ag
9 353 3 3 53
ii r
oo
to note that all
it is interesting because
roots must be positive
Ao can not be negative
Theradial node is also called
because at that
node
spherical
distance ao the probability of finding
become zero at a
sphere
electron
3 Tz and
Here Ye 39oz
39 3 53 distance
I
election
the probability of finding
r and he will be
on sphere of
zero
ANGULAR NODE
value 0
These are certain of
or O and the angular part of
vanishes The
wave function
plane or surface corresponding
are called
to these values of 0,4 or
or nodal surface
nodal plane
nodes
angular
p orbital
the angular
for
a
Ex
as
is given
part
Oeg
0 98
The value 0.10 o
for
of
Ky plane
2
hence
5 nodal
is a
plane
K
Ty
d orbital
Ex 2 for a
angular parties
D
3hrs20 1 0
for Off
o
3hrs20 1
Gio z
aso I
HEE's S
nodes l
Note No
of angles
nodes n eti te
That no
of e Ent D
PLOT OF RADIAL PROBABILITY
Distribution
Ranjan
In
Pen
M
25
Pen
35
a
for P orbital
Ry
n
uh
