LESSON

24.4 Name Class Date

Conditions for HARDBOUND SE

PAGE 995 24.4 Conditions for Rectangles,
Rectangles, BEGINS HERE
Rhombuses, and Squares
Rhombuses, Essential Question: How can you use given conditions to show that a quadrilateral is a
rectangle, a rhombus, or a square? Resource
Locker

and Squares
Explore Properties of Rectangles, Rhombuses,
Common Core Math Standards and Squares
In this lesson we will start with given properties and use them to prove which special
The student is expected to: parallelogram it could be.
G-CO.11
Prove theorems about parallelograms. Also G-SRT.5
Mathematical Practices
MP.7 Using Structure

Language Objective
Explain to a partner how to distinguish between a condition for a
quadrilateral to be a rectangle, rhombus, or square, and a property of a  Start by drawing two line segments of the same length
rectangle, rhombus, or square. that bisect each other but are not perpendicular. They
will form an X shape, as shown.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits:

ENGAGE
Essential Question: How can you use  Connect the ends of the line segments to form a
quadrilateral.
given conditions to show that a
quadrilateral is a rectangle, rhombus, or
©Aninka/iStockPhoto.com

square?
You can use the converses of the theorems in the
previous lesson to prove that a quadrilateral is a  Measure each of the four angles of the quadrilateral, and use those measurements to
name the shape.
rectangle, rhombus, or square.
Each angle is 90°. The quadrilateral is a rectangle.

PREVIEW: LESSON
PERFORMANCE TASK
Module 24 Lesson 4
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Lesson 4

1229

10:15 PM
4/18/14
Module 24

1229
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ESE3897
IN1_MNL

1229 Lesson 24.4

 D Now, draw two line segments that are perpendicular and
bisect each other but that are not the same length.
EXPLORE
Properties of Rectangles, Rhombuses,
and Squares

INTEGRATE TECHNOLOGY
HARDBOUND SE
E Connect the ends of the line segments to form a
PAGE 996 Students have the option of doing the special
quadrilateral.
BEGINS HERE
parallelograms activity either in the book or online.

QUESTIONING STRATEGIES
If you draw a quadrilateral with congruent
diagonals, what shape is the
quadrilateral? rectangle
F Measure each side length of the quadrilateral. Then use those measurements to name
the shape. If you draw two congruent segments that are
The side lengths are all equal. The quadrilateral is a rhombus. perpendicular bisectors of one another and
then connect the ends to form a quadrilateral, which
Reflect shape is the quadrilateral? rhombus
1. Discussion How are the diagonals of your rectangle in Step B different from the
diagonals of your rhombus in Step E?
The diagonals of the rectangle have the same lengths, but are not perpendicular bisectors

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

of each other. The diagonals of the rhombus are perpendicular bisectors of each other, but
do not necessarily have the same lengths.

2. Draw a line segment. At each endpoint draw line segments so that four congruent angles
are formed as shown. Then extend the segments so that they intersect to form a quadrilateral.
Measure the sides. What do you notice? What kind of quadrilateral is it? How does the
line segment relate to the angles drawn on either end of it?

The side lengths are equal. The quadrilateral is a rhombus. The line segment bisects both
angles.

Module 24 1230 Lesson 4

PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
IN1_MNLESE389762_U9M24L4.indd 1230 4/18/14 10:16 PM

Integrate Mathematical Practices

This lesson provides an opportunity to address Mathematical Practice MP.7,
which calls for students to “look for and make use of structure.” Students are
already familiar with the properties of rectangles, rhombuses, and squares, but in
this lesson they must analyze the conditions that would be sufficient to make a
parallelogram a more special figure. Each theorem in the lesson presents a single
condition that leads to a broader conclusion that a figure is a special quadrilateral.
For example, it is sufficient for one angle of a parallelogram to be a right angle to
conclude that the parallelogram has four right angles (it is a rectangle).

Conditions for Rectangles, Rhombuses, and Squares 1230

 Explain 1 Proving that Congruent Diagonals Is a Condition
EXPLAIN 1 for Rectangles
When you are given a parallelogram with certain properties, you can use the properties to determine whether the
parallelogram is a rectangle.
Proving that Congruent Diagonals Is
a Condition for Rectangles Theorems: Conditions for Rectangles
If one angle of a parallelogram is a right angle, then
the parallelogram is a rectangle. B C

INTEGRATE MATHEMATICAL A D
PRACTICES If the diagonals of a parallelogram are congruent,
B C
Focus on Math Communication then the parallelogram is a rectangle.

MP.3 Point out to students that in the previous A

AC ≅ BD
D

lesson they were introduced to the properties of

rectangles, rhombuses, and squares. Explain that in HARDBOUND SE Example 1 Prove that if the diagonals of a parallelogram are congruent, then the
this lesson, they will be given a quadrilateral and will PAGE 997 parallelogram is a rectangle.
BEGINS HERE
learn what conditions can be used to classify it as a _ _ A B
Given: ABCD is a parallelogram; AC ≅ BD.
rectangle, rhombus, or square. You may want to call Prove: ABCD is a rectangle. D C
on students to read each theorem aloud. Then ask _ _
Because opposite sides of a parallelogram are congruent , AB ≅ CD.
them to explain the theorem in their own words. _ _
_ _
It is given that AC ≅ BD, and AD ≅ AD by the Reflexive Property of Congruence.
Challenge students to come up with unique ways to
explain the theorems. So, △ABD ≅ △DCA by the SSS Triangle Congruence Theorem,

and ∠BAD ≅ ∠CDA by CPCTC. But these angles are supplementary

_ _
since AB‖ DC . Therefore, m∠BAD + m∠CDA = 180° . So
QUESTIONING STRATEGIES
m∠BAD + m∠BAD = 180° by substitution, 2 ∙ m∠BAD = 180°,
How does knowing that the diagonals of a
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

and m∠BAD = 90°. A similar argument shows that the other angles
parallelogram are congruent allow you to
of ABCD are also right angles, so ABCD is a rectangle .
prove that the parallelogram is a rectangle? If the
diagonals of a parallelogram are congruent, then Reflect

they form congruent triangles. That makes the 3. Discussion Explain why this is a true condition for rectangles: F G

corresponding angles of the congruent triangles If one angle of a parallelogram is a right angle, then the parallelogram
is a rectangle.
congruent. Since the largest angles are also
E H
supplementary, each must be a right angle.
Suppose ∠E is a right angle. Opposite angles in a parallelogram are congruent, so ∠G is
A quadrilateral with four right angles is
also a right angle. Consecutive angles in a parallelogram are supplementary. When one of
a rectangle.
two supplementary angles is a right angle, then both are right angles. So ∠F and ∠H are
also right angles. Since all four angles are right angles, the parallelogram is a rectangle.
AVOID COMMON ERRORS Module 24 1231 Lesson 4

Some students may have trouble identifying a piece

of additional information that is sufficient to make a COLLABORATIVE LEARNING
conclusion valid. Suggest that once they have an IN1_MNLESE389762_U9M24L4.indd 1231 4/18/14 10:16 PM

Small Group Activity

answer, they write a complete statement of the given
information, sketch the figure, mark it with this Ask students to work in small groups to classify the figure.
information, and then re-check their work. Have each student write a conjecture about one of the most
special figures possible: parallelogram, rectangle, rhombus,
or square. Ask them to justify their conjectures to group
members using the theorems they have learned in this
lesson. Then have a student volunteer present the group’s
results to the class.

1231 Lesson 24.4

 Your Turn

Use the given information to determine whether the quadrilateral is necessarily a

rectangle. Explain your reasoning.
EXPLAIN 2
Proving Conditions for Rhombuses
F G

QUESTIONING STRATEGIES
E H
How can you use the diagonals of a
_ _ _ _ _ _ parallelogram to classify a figure as a
4. Given: EF ≅ GF, FG ≅ HE, FH ≅ GE
Yes; the figure is a parallelogram because of congruent opposite sides, and it is a rectangle rhombus? You can show the diagonals are
because it is a parallelogram with congruent diagonals. perpendicular, then apply the theorem that if a
5. Given: m∠FEG = 45°, m∠GEH = 50°
parallelogram has perpendicular diagonals, it is a
No; by the Angle Addition Postulate, m∠FEH = 45° + 50° = 95°, so ∠FEH is not a right rhombus.
angle and EFGH is not a rectangle.

Explain 2 Proving Conditions for Rhombuses HARDBOUND SE

PAGE 998
You can also use given properties of a parallelogram to determine whether the parallelogram is BEGINS HERE
a rhombus.

Theorems: Conditions for Rhombuses

If one pair of consecutive sides of a
parallelogram are congruent, then the F G
parallelogram is a rhombus.

E H

If the diagonals of a parallelogram are © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

perpendicular, then the parallelogram is a F G
rhombus.

E H

If one diagonal of a parallelogram bisects

a pair of opposite angles, then the F G
parallelogram is a rhombus.

E H

You will prove one of the theorems about rhombuses in Example 2 and the other theorems in
Your Turn Exercise 6 and Evaluate Exercise 22.

Module 24 1232 Lesson 4

DIFFERENTIATE INSTRUCTION
IN1_MNLESE389762_U9M24L4.indd 1232 4/18/14 10:16 PM

Communicating Math
Have a student say aloud four words, one of which does not fit with the other
three. Have another student identify which word does not belong and explain to
the class why. For example, the first student might say, “rhombus, rectangle,
square, equilateral triangle.” A possible response is that the rectangle does not
belong because it does not necessarily have all sides congruent.

Conditions for Rectangles, Rhombuses, and Squares 1232

 Example 2 Complete the flow proof that if one diagonal of a parallelogram bisects
INTEGRATE MATHEMATICAL a pair of opposite angles, then the parallelogram is a rhombus.
PRACTICES Given: ABCD is a parallelogram; ∠BCA ≅ ∠DCA; ∠BAC ≅ ∠DAC

Focus on Communication Prove: ABCD is a rhombus.

MP.3 When students make statements about what B C

∠BCA ≅ ∠DCA ∠BAC ≅ ∠DAC AC ≅ AC
conditions prove that a parallelogram is a rhombus or Given Given Reflexive Property
any other special quadrilateral, encourage them to A D ▵ABC ≅ ▵ADC
of Congruence

write a complete statement of the given information ABCD is a parallelogram.

ASA Triangle
Congruence Theorem
and then compare the form and content with the Given
BC ≅ DC AB ≅ AD
CPCTC CPCTC
theorems or other statements in the lesson.
DC ≅ BA BC ≅ DC ≅ AB ≅ AD
Property of parallelograms
Transitive Property
of Congruence

ABCD is a rhombus.
Definition of rhombus

HARDBOUND SE Your Turn

PAGE 999
BEGINS HERE 6. Prove that If one pair of consecutive sides of a parallelogram are congruent, then it is
a rhombus.
_ _
Given: JKLM is a parallelogram. JK ≅ KL

Prove: JKLM is a rhombus.

K L

J M
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

_ _ _ _
It is given that JK ≅ KL. Because opposite sides of a parallelogram are congruent, KL ≅ MJ
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
and JK ≅ LM. By substituting the sides JK for KL and visa versa, JK ≅ MJ and KL ≅ LM. So,
_ _ _ _
JK ≅ KL ≅ LM ≅ MJ, making JKLM a rhombus.

Module 24 1233 Lesson 4

LANGUAGE SUPPORT
IN1_MNLESE389762_U9M24L4.indd 1233 4/18/14 10:16 PM

Connect Vocabulary
Students may have difficulty distinguishing the conditions for rectangles,
rhombuses, and squares. Have them write the conditions on note cards and then
list all the special quadrilaterals that can be further classified if those conditions
are met. Have them group the note cards based on the type of figure.

1233 Lesson 24.4

 Explain 3 Applying Conditions for Special Parallelograms
In Example 3, you will decide whether you are given enough information to conclude that a figure
is a particular type of special parallelogram.
EXPLAIN 3
Example 3 Determine if the conclusion is valid. If not, tell what additional Applying Conditions for Special
information is needed to make it valid.
Parallelograms
B

A C INTEGRATE MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES
D Focus on Critical Thinking
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Given: AB ≅ CD; BC ≅ DA; AD ⊥ DC; AC ⊥ BD
MP.3 Some math textbooks define a rectangle as a

parallelogram with one right angle. Point out to
Conclusion: ABCD is a square.
students that this definition is equivalent to “a
To prove that a given quadrilateral is a square, it is sufficient to show that the figure is
both a rectangle and a rhombus. quadrilateral with four right angles,” because if one
Step 1: Determine if ABCD is a parallelogram.
angle of a parallelogram is a right angle, the other
_ _ _ _ three angles must also be right (opposite angles are
AB ≅ CD and BC ≅ DA are given. Since a quadrilateral with opposite sides
congruent is a parallelogram, we know that ABCD is a parallelogram. equal; consecutive angles are supplementary).
Step 2: Determine if ABCD is a rectangle.
_ _
Since AD ⊥ DC, by definition of perpendicular lines, ∠ADC is a right angle.
A parallelogram with one right angle is a rectangle, so ABCD is a rectangle. QUESTIONING STRATEGIES
Step 3: Determine if ABCD is a rhombus. How do you determine what additional
_ _
AC ⊥ BD. A parallelogram with perpendicular diagonals is a rhombus. information is needed to make a conclusion
So ABCD is a rhombus.
valid? Sample answer: Make sure all parts of the
Step 4: Determine if ABCD is a square. hypothesis of the statement are given or
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Since ABCD is a rectangle and a rhombus, it has four right angles and four established as true. Then, the conclusion is valid (by
congruent sides. So ABCD is a square by definition.
the law of detachment).
So, the conclusion is valid.
Can there be more than one way to
_ _ HARDBOUND SE
 Given: AB ≅ BC demonstrate that a conclusion is valid?
PAGE 1000
Conclusion: ABCD is a rhombus. BEGINS HERE Explain. Sample answer: Yes; for example, you can
The conclusion is not valid. It is true that if two consecutive sides of a parallelogram are also prove that a given quadrilateral is a rectangle,
rhombus, or square by using the definitions of the
congruent, then the parallelogram is a rhombus . To apply this theorem,
special quadrilaterals.
however, you need to know that ABCD is a parallelogram . The given information is
not sufficient to conclude that the figure is a parallelogram.

Module 24 1234 Lesson 4

IN1_MNLESE389762_U9M24L4.indd 1234 4/18/14 10:16 PM

Conditions for Rectangles, Rhombuses, and Squares 1234

 Reflect

ELABORATE 7. Draw a figure that shows why this statement is not necessarily true: If one angle of a quadrilateral is a right
angle, then the quadrilateral is a rectangle.

QUESTIONING STRATEGIES Possible answer:

B C

How are these theorems different from those

A D
in the previous lesson? They are converses;
here we know the property and are trying to prove Your Turn
the parallelogram type. Determine if the conclusion is valid. If not, tell what B
additional information is needed to make it valid.
What is sufficient to prove that a quadrilateral A C
is a square? Prove that it is both a rectangle
8. Given: ∠ABC is a right angle. D
and a rhombus.
Conclusion: ABCD is a rectangle.

The conclusion is not valid. You must also first be given that ABCD is a parallelogram.

SUMMARIZE THE LESSON

Have students fill in the blanks in the table Elaborate
below to summarize the conditions that lead 9. Look at the theorem boxes in Example 1 and Example 2. How do the diagrams help
you remember the conditions for proving a quadrilateral is a special parallelogram?
to special parallelograms.
Possible answer: The diagrams give a quick picture of the conditions stated in the

If a parallelogram has … then the theorems. The congruence marks, parallel marks, and right angles show at a glance what

_______ parallelogram is a must be known about a figure to say it is a rectangle or a rhombus.

________. _ _
10. EFGH is a parallelogram. In EFGH, EG ≅ FH. Which conclusion is incorrect?
one right angle rectangle A. EFGH is a rectangle.
F G
B. EFGH is a square.
congruent diagonals rectangle
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

one pair of consecutive rhombus

E H
sides congruent
perpendicular rhombus Conclusion B is incorrect. The diagonals of EFGH are congruent, so the parallelogram is a
diagonals rectangle. However, we are given no information about how the sides are related, so we

one diagonal that rhombus cannot conclude that it is a square.

bisects a pair of 11. Essential Question Check-In How are theorems about conditions for parallelograms
opposite angles different from the theorems regarding parallelograms used in the previous lesson?
The theorems in this lesson are the converses of the theorems in the previous lesson. In
this lesson, information known about the sides, angles, or diagonals of a figure is used to
prove whether the figure is a parallelogram, rectangle, rhombus, or square.

Module 24 1235 Lesson 4

IN1_MNLESE389762_U9M24L4.indd 1235 4/18/14 10:16 PM

1235 Lesson 24.4

 Evaluate: Homework and Practice HARDBOUND SE
PAGE 1001 EVALUATE
BEGINS HERE
_ _ • Online Homework
1. _ _AB_
Suppose Anna draws two line segments, and CD
_that intersect
_ point E. She
at_ • Hints and Help
draws them in such a way that AB ≅ CD, AB ⊥ CD, and AB and CD bisect each other. • Extra Practice
What is the best name to describe ACBD? Explain.
Square; because the diagonals of the quadrilateral bisect each other, it is a
parallelogram; because the diagonals are congruent, it is a rectangle and
because the diagonals are perpendicular, it is a rhombus. A figure that is both a
rectangle and a rhombus must be a square.
ASSIGNMENT GUIDE
2. Write a two-column proof that if the diagonals F G Concepts and Skills Practice
of a parallelogram are congruent, then
the parallelogram is a rectangle.
_ _
Explore Exercise 1
Given: EFGH is a parallelogram; EG ≅ HF. Properties of Rectangles,
E H
Prove: EFGH is a rectangle.
Rhombuses, and Squares
Example 1 Exercises 2–4
Statements Reasons Proving that Congruent Diagonals Is
a Condition for Rectangles
1. EFGH is a parallelogram; 1. Given
_ _
EG ≅ HF. Example 2 Exercises 5–7
_ _
2. EF ≅ GH 2. If a quadrilateral is a Proving Conditions for Rhombuses
parallelogram, then its opposite
Example 3 Exercises 8–16
sides are congruent.
_ _ Applying Conditions for Special
3. EH ≅ EH 3. Reflexive Property of Congruence Parallelograms
4. △EFH ≅ △HGE 4. SSS Triangle Congruence Theorem
5. ∠FEH ≅ ∠GHE 5. CPCTC
6. ∠FEH and ∠GHE are 6. Consecutive angles of a INTEGRATE MATHEMATICAL
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company PRACTICES
supplementary. parallelogram are supplementary.
7. m∠FEH = 90° 7. Congruent supplementary angles
are right angles.
Focus on Communication
8. EFGH is a rectangle. 8. Definition of rectangle MP.3 Some students may not realize how
important each word is in a definition or theorem. To
Determine whether each quadrilateral must be a rectangle. Explain.
3. 4.
explain one of the theorems in this lesson, ask
B C
students to focus on exactly what they know about a
A D given parallelogram (or quadrilateral) in order to
Given: BD = AC make a conclusion about how to further classify the
No information is known about its sides or No information about the angles is parallelogram. Tell them to make sure that the
angles, so it may not be a parallelogram. So, known, so it cannot be determined if it statement they are trying to prove contains no more
it cannot be determined if it is a rectangle. is a rectangle. and no less information than is needed to proceed
Module 24 1236 Lesson 4 deductively to the conclusion.

Exercise
IN1_MNLESE389762_U9M24L4.indd 1236
Depth of Knowledge (D.O.K.) Mathematical Practices 3/3/16 10:29 PM

1–10 2 Skills/Concepts MP.2 Reasoning

11–16 2 Skills/Concepts MP.5 Using Tools
17–18 2 Skills/Concepts MP.4 Modeling
19 2 Skills/Concepts MP.2 Reasoning
20 3 Strategic Thinking MP.2 Reasoning
21 3 Strategic Thinking MP.3 Logic
22 3 Strategic Thinking MP.3 Logic

Conditions for Rectangles, Rhombuses, and Squares 1236

 Each quadrilateral is a parallelogram. Determine whether each parallelogram is a
rhombus or not.
INTEGRATE MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES 5. 6.

Focus on Math Connections

MP.1 Before doing the exercises, you may want to
review the conditions for rectangles, rhombuses, and Rhombus; a parallelogram with Rhombus; a parallelogram with a pair of
squares. In particular, if a parallelogram perpendicular diagonals is a rhombus. consecutive sides congruent is a rhombus.
• has one right angle, it is a rectangle.
• has congruent diagonals, it is a rectangle. HARDBOUND SE Give one characteristic about each figure that would make the conclusion valid.
PAGE 1002
• has congruent consecutive sides, it is a rhombus. BEGINS HERE 7. Conclusion: JKLM is a rhombus. 8. Conclusion: PQRS is a square.

• has perpendicular diagonals, it is a rhombus. K L Q R

N T
• is a rectangle and a rhombus, it is a square.
J M P S

You need to know that JKLM is a Possible answer: You need to know that
parallelogram. ∠QPS is a right angle.

Determine if the conclusion is valid. If not, tell what E

additional information is needed to make it valid. H F
G
_ _ _ _ _
9. Given: EG and FH bisect each other. EG ⟘ FH 10. FH bisects ∠EFG and ∠EHG.

Conclusion: EFGH is a rhombus. Conclusion: EFGH is a rhombus.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

The conclusion is valid. The conclusion is not valid. You need to

know that EFGH is a parallelogram.

Find the value of x that makes each parallelogram the given type.
11. square 12. rhombus

14 - x

2x + 5

(13x + 5.5)° 3=x

x = 6.5

Module 24 1237 Lesson 4

IN1_MNLESE389762_U9M24L4 1237 9/30/14 1:02 PM

1237 Lesson 24.4

 In Exercises 13–16, determine which quadrilaterals match the figure: parallelogram,
rhombus, rectangle, or square? List all that apply. AVOID COMMON ERRORS
_ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _
13. Given: XY ≅ ZW, XY ‖ ZW, WY ≅ XZ, WY ⊥ XZ 14. Given: XY ≅ ZW, XW ≅ ZY, WY ≅ ZX Students may be confused about how to use the
X Y X Y
theorems in this lesson. Explain how some of the
theorems in the lesson can be used as alternate
W Z
definitions. For example, some people define a
W Z rectangle as a parallelogram with one right angle.
parallelogram, rhombus, rectangle, square parallelogram, rectangle In this case, the remaining properties and the
15. Given: ∠WXY ≅ ∠YZW, ∠XWZ ≅ ∠ZYX, 16. Given: m∠WXY = 130°, m∠XWZ = 50°, definition as a quadrilateral with four right angles
∠XWY ≅ ∠YWZ, ∠XYW ≅ ∠ZYW m∠WZY = 130° follow.
X Y
X Y

W Z
W Z
parallelogram
parallelogram, rhombus

17. Represent Real-World Problems A framer uses a HARDBOUND SE

clamp to hold together Q R PAGE 1003
_pieces
_of a picture
_ frame.
_ The
BEGINS HERE
pieces are cut so that PQ ≅ RS and QR ≅ SP. The clamp
Z
is adjusted so that PZ, QZ, RZ, and SZ are all equal P S
lengths. Why must the frame be a rectangle?
Since both pairs of opposite sides are congruent, PQRS is a parallelogram.
Since
_PZ,_ QZ, RZ, and SZ are all equal lengths, PZ + RZ = QZ + SZ.
So QS ≅ PR. Since the diagonals are congruent, PQRS is a rectangle.

18. Represent Real-World Problems A city X

garden club is planting a square garden. They
drive pegs into the ground at each corner and W Y

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

tie strings between each pair. The pegs are V
― ― ― ―
spaced so that WX ≅ XY ≅ YZ ≅ ZW. How
can the garden club use the diagonal strings to Z
verify that the garden is a square?

Because both pairs of opposite sides of the quadrilateral garden are

congruent, the garden is a parallelogram. All four sides are congruent,
so it is a rhombus. The club members can measure the lengths of
the diagonals to see if they are equal. Then, thege07sec06l05004a
parallelogram is a
rectangle. If the garden is a rhombus and a rectangle, then it is a
ABeckmann
square.

19. A quadrilateral is formed by connecting the midpoints of a rectangle. Which of the

following could be the resulting figure? Select all that apply.
parallelogram rectangle

rhombus square

Module 24 1238 Lesson 4

IN1_MNLESE389762_U9M24L4.indd 1238 3/3/16 10:29 PM

Conditions for Rectangles, Rhombuses, and Squares 1238

PEERTOPEER DISCUSSION H.O.T. Focus on Higher Order Thinking

20. Critical Thinking The diagonals of a quadrilateral are perpendicular bisectors of

Ask students to work with a partner to make a each other. What is the best name for this quadrilateral? Explain your answer.
physical model of a parallelogram with paper strips Rhombus; Since the diagonals bisect each other, the quadrilateral is a
and brads. Ask them to manipulate the side lengths parallelogram. Since the diagonals are perpendicular, the parallelogram
is a rhombus.
and angle measures in the parallelogram to discover
21. Draw Conclusions Think about the relationships between angles and sides in this
the conditions necessary for a rectangle, rhombus, or triangular prism to decide if the given face is a rectangle.
square. Have students take turns making conjectures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _
Given: AC ≅ DF, AB ≅ DE, AB ⊥ BC, DE ⊥ EF, BE ⊥ EF, BC ∥ EF A C
about how to get these special figures from a
Prove: EBCF is a rectangle.
parallelogram. _ _ _ _ _ _ B
It is given that AC ≅ DF and AB ≅_ _ AB ⊥ BC,
DE. Since
∠ABC is a right angle. And since DE ⊥ EF, ∠DEF is a right
angle. By the Hypotenuse-Leg (HL) Triangle D
_ _ Congruence F
Theorem, ▵ABC ≅ ▵DEF. By CPCTC, BC ≅ EF. Since the
JOURNAL opposite sides of EBCF _are _
parallel and congruent, it is a
E
Have students explain the relationships between parallelogram. Since BE ⊥ EF, then ∠BEF is a right angle,
which makes EBCF a rectangle.
parallelograms, rectangles, rhombuses, and squares.
HARDBOUND SE 22. Justify Reasoning Use one of the other rhombus theorems to Q R
PAGE 1004 prove that if the diagonals of a parallelogram are perpendicular,
BEGINS HERE T
then the parallelogram is a rhombus.
_ _ P S
Given: PQRS is a parallelogram. PR ⊥ QS

Prove: PQRS is a rhombus.

Statements Reasons
1. PQRS is a parallelogram. 1. Given
_ _
2. PT ≅ RT 2. Diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each
other.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

_ _
3. QT ≅ QT 3. Reflexive Property of Congruence
_ _
4. PR ⊥ QS 4. Given
5. ∠QTP and ∠QTR are right angles. 5. Definition of perpendicular lines

6. ∠QTP ≅ ∠QTR 6. Right angles are congruent.

7. ▵QTP ≅ ▵QTR 7. SAS Congruence Criterion

_ _
8. QP ≅ QR 8. CPCTC
9. PQRS is a rhombus. 9. If one pair of consecutive sides of a
parallelogram are congruent, then
it is a rhombus.

Module 24 1239 Lesson 4

IN1_MNLESE389762_U9M24L4 1239 9/30/14 1:03 PM

1239 Lesson 24.4

 Lesson Performance Task INTEGRATE MATHEMATICAL
The diagram shows the organizational ladder of groups to which tigers belong. PRACTICES
a. Use the terms below to create a similar ladder in which Focus on Modeling
each term is a subset of the term above it. Animals
MP.4 Have students redraw the Figures ladder,
Parallelogram Geometric figures Squares
adding a box for each of these categories: Hexagons,
Quadrilaterals Figures Rhombuses Vertebrates
Regular Hexagons, Pentagons, Regular Pentagons,
b. Decide which of the following statements is true.
and Rectangles.
Then write three more statements like it, using
terms from the list in part (a). Mammals

If a figure is a rhombus, then it is a parallelogram.

Carnivorous Mammals
Figures
If a figure is a parallelogram, then it is a rhombus.

c. Explain how you can use the ladder you created

above to write if-then statements involving the terms Cats Geometric Figures
on the list.

Tigers
Hexagons Quadrilaterals Pentagons
a.
Figures Regular Regular
Parallelograms
Hexagons Pentagons

Geometric Figures

Rectangles Squares Rhombuses

Quadrilaterals

Parallelograms © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

INTEGRATE MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES
Rhombuses
Focus on Math Connections
MP.1 • Define the term square using the word
Squares
regular.
A square is a regular rectangle.
b. The true statement is “If a figure is a rhombus, then it is a
parallelogram.” Other statements will vary. • Define the term rhombus using the word
c. The term following “If” must be below the term following “then.”
regular.
A rhombus is a regular parallelogram.

Module 24 1240 Lesson 4

EXTENSION ACTIVITY
IN1_MNLESE389762_U9M24L4.indd 1240 4/18/14 10:15 PM

Have students draw the Animals ladder and the Figures ladder, using large boxes
for each step. In each box, have them write information about the subject of the
box, beginning by referring to the subject of the box above. For example, in the
Tigers box they would begin, “A tiger is a cat that ....” In the Parallelogram box they
would begin, “A parallelogram is a quadrilateral that ....” Students will likely need
to research information for the Animals ladder. Encourage them to write precise,
Scoring Rubric
concise information, describing the main properties that distinguish the subject of 2 Points: Student correctly solves the problem and explains his/her reasoning.
the box and not digressing to discuss other interesting but irrelevant details. 1 point: Student shows good understanding of the problem but does not fully
solve or explain.
0 points: Student does not demonstrate understanding of the problem.

Conditions for Rectangles, Rhombuses, and Squares 1240