McGraw-Hill

McGraw-Hill Technology Technology Education

Types of Storage
Devices

McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Describing Storage Devices
• Store data when computer is off, to use
whenever needed
• Two processes
– Writing data
– Reading data

5A-3
 Describing Storage Devices
• Storage terms
– Physical material on which data is stored
called storage media.
– The hardware components that write data
to and read data from, storage media are
called storage devices.
– Storage devices manage the media
– For example
– HardDisk

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 Describing Storage Devices
Two main categories of storage technology:
–Magnetic devices use a magnet
–Optical devices use lasers
Third one is:
–Solid-state devices have physical switches
–E.g.
• Digital cameras, media players

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 Magnetic Storage Devices
• Most common form of storage
• Hard drives, floppy drives, tape
• All magnetic drives work the same
• Coated with a magnetically sensitive
material, such as iron oxide

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 Magnetic Storage Devices
Floppy Disk

Hard Disk

Tape

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 Magnetic Storage Devices
• Data storage and retrieval
– Media is covered with iron oxide
– Read/write head is a magnet
– Magnet writes charges on the media
• Positive charge is a 1
• Negative charge is a 0
– Magnet reads charges
– Drive converts charges into binary

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 Data Retrieval

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 Magnetic Storage Devices
• Data organization
– Disks must be formatted before use
– Format draws tracks on the disk
– To refresh and reset
– format a disk, the disk drive creates a set of
concentric rings, called tracks
– Tracks is divided into sectors
• Where data is physically stored on the disk
• A sector can store up to 512 bytes (0.5 kb)

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 Tracks and Sectors

5A-11
 Tracks and Sectors
• If a diskette has 80 tracks on each side
and each track contains 18 sectors
• Then the disk has 1440 sectors (80*18)
per side, for a total 2880 sectors.
• The disk’s outermost track is longer than
innermost but each track is still divided
into same no of sectors.
• Case is not same in hard drive.

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 Magnetic Storage Devices
• Finding data on disk
– Each track and sector is labeled (logical
formatting)
– Listing of where files are stored
• File Allocation Table (FAT)
• FAT32
• NTFS
– Data is organized in clusters
• Size of data the OS handles

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 FAT
• FAT (File Allocation Table)
– is a log that records the location of each file
and status of each sectors.
– Also called FAT16. Old systems
– When write file on disk, OS checks the FAT
to find open area, stores file then logs the
file’s identity and its location in FAT.

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 FAT32
• Introduced in Windows 95
• FAT32 is an extended edition of the
original FAT file system
• Providing better performance than FAT.
• It continues to be supported in Windows
2000, Windows XP and ahead.

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 NTFS
• New Technology File System (NTFS).
• Introduced for later operating systems
• NTFS was a leap forward from FAT,
offering better security and overall
performance.
• NTFS also allowed Windows computers
to use long files.

5A-16
 Magnetic Storage Devices
• Diskettes
– Also known as floppy disks
– Read with a disk drive
– Spin at 300 Revolution Per Minute
– Takes .2 second to find data
– 3.5 inches floppy disk holds 1.44 MB

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 Magnetic Storage Devices
• Hard disks
– Primary storage device in a computer
– 2 or more aluminum platters
– Each platter has 2 sides
– Spin between 5,400 to 15,000 RPM
– Data found in 9.5 ms or less
– Drive capacity greater than 40 GB

5A-18
 Illustrated Hard Disk

5A-19
 Magnetic Storage Devices
• Removable high capacity disks
– Speed of hard disk
– Portability of floppy disk
– Several variants have emerged
– High capacity floppy disk
• Stores up to 750 MB of data
– Hot swappable hard disks
• Provide GB of data
• Connect via USB

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 Magnetic Storage Devices
• Tape drives
– Best used for
• Infrequently accessed data
• Back-up solutions
– Slow sequential access
– Capacity exceeds 200 GB

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 Optical Storage Devices
• CD-ROM
– Most software ships on a CD
– Read using a laser
• Lands, binary 1, reflect data
– Written from the inside out
– CD speed is based on the original
• Original CD read 150 Kbps
• A 10 X will read 1,500 Kbps
– Standard CD holds 650 MB

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 Optical Storage Devices
• DVD-ROM
– Digital Video Disk
– More tracks and sectors than CD
– Capacities can reach 18 GB
– DVD players can read CDs

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 Recordable Optical Technologies
• CD Recordable (CD-R)
– Create a data or audio CD
– Data cannot be changed
– Can continue adding until full

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 Recordable Optical Technologies
• CD Rewriteable (CD-RW)
– Create a reusable CD
– Cannot be read in all CD players
– Can reuse about 100 times

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 Recordable Optical Technologies
• Photo CD
– Developed by Kodak
– Provides for photo storage
– Photos added to CD until full
– Original pictures cannot be changed

5A-26
 Recordable Optical Technologies
• DVD Recordable
– Several different formats exist
– None are standardized
– Allows home users to create DVDs
– Cannot be read in all players

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 Recordable Optical Technologies
• DVD-RAM
– Allow reusing of DVD media
– Let you record, erase, and rerecord data on
a special disc
– Cannot be read in all players
– Play them in DVD player, DVD-RAM drives

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 Solid State Devices
• Data is stored physically
• No magnets or laser
• Very fast

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 Solid State Devices
• Flash memory
– Found in cameras and USB drives
– Combination of RAM and ROM
– Long term updateable storage

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 Solid State Devices
• Smart cards
– Credit cards with a chip
– Chip stores data
– Eventually may be used for cash
– Hotels use for electronic keys

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 Solid State Devices
• Solid-state disks
– Large amount of SDRAM
– Extremely fast
– Volatile storage
– Require battery backups
– Most have hard disks copying data

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 Chapter 5A

End of Chapter

McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.