SECOND TRAVEL OF shark’s fin, peking 3.

In Japan, seeing a guest’s

RIZAL ducks, fried chicken and with need is an important part of
vinegar, roasted pig, fish, serving a host.
RIZAL WENT TO SPAIN shrimps, tea and
FOR THE SECOND TIME 4. Even on simplest occasion,
(1888 – 1892) dried fruits. a gift is customarily taken
along and presented as an
Rizal in Hongkong 4. The Dominican expression
Order was the richest religious
> From Phils, the ship made a order in Hongkong, had of the giver’s respect and
short stopover at Amoy then million of dollars goodwill. Seasonal gifts are
sailed to Hongkong where important aspect of their
Rizal stayed for two deposited in various culture.
banks earning fabulous
weeks where he was met by interests. 5. The basic form of greeting
some Filipino residents ( Jose as a sign of politeness is to
Maria Basa, Balbino Mauricio 5. Hongkong grave bow.
and other exile ) yards for Catholics,
Protestants and Muslims are 6. The are few thieves in
in the British colony. well-kept. Japan. The houses remained
open day and night and other
> Rizal spent most of > After his brief valuable
his stay with Basa and went to sojourn in Hongkong, Rizal
Macao and visited churches, left the place on board SS articles on the table without
pagodas, temples, shrine, Oceania, an American being lost.
Streamer
theaters, botanical 7. There were few beggars and
garden and bazaars. bound for Japan. are rarely seen in the city
streets.
> While in Rizal in Japan
Hongkong, Rizal studied the 8. The Japanese are happy,
Chinese way of life. In his > Rizal arrived in Yokohama fights are not seen in the
diary, he wrote briefly his on Feb. 28, 1888 and stayed in streets and the people are
experiences: Grand Hotel and the following industrious.
day proceeded
1. The celebration of > Rizal’s romance with the
the Chinese New Year was to Tokyo and stayed there for Japanese lady named Seiko
very noisy because of the a few days. Usui (O-Sei-San) started on
continuous explosion of March 1888 when he
> In Tokyo, upon invitation,
firecrackers on the he lived in the Spanish entered a department
streets. Rich Chinese had more legation – the official store in Yokohama to buy
firecrackers to explode. headquarters of a minister in something. Rizal asked the
the lady whether she knew
2. Chinese theaters
are usually boisterous because diplomatic service for about a English and to his
of the different percussion month. surprise she answered him in
instruments used by English.
> Rizal made the following
the participants in observations about Japan: >The irresistible
addition to the noise created beauty, warmth and affection
by the audience. 1. The Japanese have a great of O-Sei-San almost made
fondness for gardens Rizal to stay in Japan for good
3. The Lauraiat party,
wherein the guests were 2. The Japanese women on but he has to leave
served a variety of dishes such kimono are simple but because of a greater mission in
as century eggs, gracious. life – to serve his country.
 >By middle of April for Oakland and from Oakland Mariano
1888, Rizal boarded the he took a train and Ponce: “There is no
Belgic- an English streamer at true civil liberty. In
Yokohama bounded for the passed Sacramento, some states, the
Reno, Ogden, Omaha (A city Negro cannot marry a
United States of of Nebraska), Chicago and white
America. Albany to New York
woman nor a
Rizal in America > Rizal arrived in white man to a negro
New York on a Sunday woman
> From Yokohama Rizal morning and ended his trip
arrived at San Francisco port, across the American continent Rizal in London
USA but because of strict full
quarantine, the other > Rizal lived in London from
of exciting May 1888 to March 1889 to
first class passenger experiences and stayed there copy, study and made the
were not allowed to disembark for a few days annotation of Dr.
until May 4, 1888. He later
discovered that the ship > On May 16, 1888, Rizal left Antonio Morga’s book
New York for Liverpool – a “Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas
was placed under seaport in Southwestern (Events in the Philippine
quarantine because of racial Lancashire in England Islands) – a rare copy
prejudice. The ship was
carrying 643 Chinese coolies – on board City of Rome – the Kept in the British museum
second largest boat in the that tells about our country.
these were unskilled whole world at that time
laborers who were not allowed > In London Rizal stayed
to enter the United States > Rizal’s Impression about temporarily in the house of Dr.
because white laborers America. Ma. Regidor – an exile of
1872 who was a law
were displaced in the 1. Tremendous material
construction of infrastructure progress of the country as practitioner
facilities. After a few days of evidenced by big cities with
quarantine the first tall skyscrapers, > While in London, Rizal
spent much of his time in the
class passengers flourishing industries, British museum looking for
including Rizal were scientific methods of farming, valuable pieces
allowed to good transportation and
disembarked but not communication of historical literature about
the Chinese and the the Philippines
Japanese. facilities the
high standard of > Sometime in May,
> In San Francisco, Rizal living, better health Rizal boarded the
stayed at Palace Hotel – a first and medical care, house occupied by
class hotel in the city for a 4 advanced methods of the Becket Family
dollars a day. Rizal
education > In London, Rizal
in his diary wrote: “I and better met for the first time
saw the Golden Gate Bridge – opportunities for Mariano Ponce and
a marvel of engineering and better life extended to Marcelo H. Del Pilar,
one of the most poor immigrants. the pillars of

beautiful structures of 2. While America is La Solidaridad and

its kind. undoubtedly a great country, the Propaganda
but it has still many defects; Movement.
> After staying in San he wrote to
Francisco for 2 days, Rizal left
 > Rizal Spent Rizal In Paris sign of affection for Nelly. On
Christmas with the the other hand Antonio Luna
Becket family. > In Paris Rizal organized two had a strong feelings for Nelly
Gertrude, one of the societies, one was Kidlat Club but Nelly did
daughter of the – this was founded to simply
Becket family was bring together not any iota of love for Luna.
Luna became jealous and
getting infatuated young Filipinos in order that challenged Rizal for a duel but
with Rizal but Rizal they could enjoy their stay in fortunately the
was still faithful with the city. The other society was
Leonor Rivera. Indios matter was settled amicably by
their friend.
> It was in London Bravos – this society taught its
that Rizal wrote “The members to be proud of being > It was in Paris that Rizal got
Letters to the Young Filipinos and pledge to their the news of the impending
Women of Malolos”. best to excel in intellectual and marriage of Leonor Rivera to
This letter praise the physical capability to catch the Mr. Kipping.
attention of the Spaniards and
young women of win their admiration and Rizal in Brussels (January
Malolos for their respect. 189)
courage and
determination to > Another society founded by > Rizal left Paris and went to
establish a school Rizal in Paris which many of Brussels, Belgium because he
where they can his biographers do not could not resist the temptation
mention was the mysterious of joining his
learn Spanish. The “Sociedad R.D.L.M” which
letter also raised the means “Rendencion de los friends that often
following points: Malayos”(Redemption of the interferes with his time
Malays.) The aim of the devoted for writing his second
Filipino mothers should teach society was the “propagation novel El Filibusterismo.
their children love of God, of all useful knowledge in
country, and fellowmen. science, arts, literary in the
Philippines. >In Brussels, Rizal spent part
of his time in the medical
Filipino mother should be glad clinic to attend and treat some
and honored like Spartan > As a matter of record, the patients and the
mothers, to offer their sons in most tangible and outstanding
the defense of their country achievement of Rizal while in
Paris was the fees he received from the
patients help him with the
Filipino women should know expense for his basic needs.
how protect their dignity and publication of his annotated
honor edition of the book of Dr.
Morga Sucesos de las Islas > It was in Brussels that Rizal
Filipinas got news about the unresolved
Filipino should educate case of the agrarian problem in
themselves aside from Calamba.
retaining their good racial > In Paris, Rizal became fond
virtues of Adelina, the younger
among the two daughters of Don Francisco refused to pay
the Boustead. He and their annual rent to the
Faith is not merely reciting Dominicans which resulted in
prayer and wearing religious the filing of the case
pictures but rather it is living Antonio Luna used to visit the
the real Christian way with Boustead home and their
frequent visit, Nelly became against him and eventually
good moral and good conduct. evict them forcibly from the
infatuated with
land.
> Rizal left London
according to some Rizal because of his wit, talent
and fine manners. But because > Another bad news
writer so that Rizal received while
Gertrude Becket my he loved Adelina, he did not
show any in Brussels was the
forgive him.
 deportation of his deportation of Paciano, had made a fool and he
brother Paciano and Antonio Lopez, apologized to Rizal
Silvestre Ubaldo, Teong,
Brother-in-law (the and Dandoy to Mindoro Rizal Challenges Retana to
husband of Narcisa) Duel
to Mindoro. His parents were
forcibly ejected from On another occasion, he
Rizal in Madrid (1890) their home and were challenged another man to
then living in the house duel – Wenceslao E. Retana.
Early in August, 1890 – Rizal of Narcisa. He was the bitter enemy of
arrived in Madrid Rizal in Pen. A talented
Rizal’s Eulogy to Spanish scholar was then a
He tried all legal means Panganiban press agent of the friars in
to seek justice for his Spain. Used to attack the
family and the calamba Jose Ma. Panganiban – his Filipinos, including Rizal, in
tenants, but to no avail. friend and his talented co- various newspapers in Madrid.
worker in the propaganda. He imprudently wrote an
article in La Epoca an anti-
He almost fought to Filipino newspaper in Madrid,
duels – one with Barely had Rizal settled down
in Madrid, when he asserting that the family and
Antonio Luna and the friends of Rizal had not paid
other to Wenceslao E. experienced another
disappointment. This was the their rents so that they were
Retana. ejected from their lands in
news that his friend Jose Ma.
Panganiban, his talented co- Calamba by the Dominicans.
Leonor Rivera married a
British Engineer. worker in the propaganda
movement died in Barcelona Such an insult stirred Rizal to
on Aug. 19 , 1890, after a action. Immediately, he sent
Failure to Get Justice for lingering illness. HIs eulogy his seconds to Retana with his
family phrase Panganiban for his challenge to a duel. Retana at
patriotis, inspired by the purest once published a retraction
Upon arrival in Madrid, Rizal love of his native land. and apology in the
immediately sought the help newspapers. The incident
of the Filipino Colony, the Aborted Duel with Antonio silenced Retana’s pen against
Asociacion Hispano – Luna Rizal. Years afterward, Retana
Filipina, and the Liberal wrote the first book-length
Spanish newspapers (La biography of the greatest
Justicia, El Globo, La End of August, 1890 – Rizal Filipino hero, whose talents he
Republica, El resumen). attended a social reunion of came to recognize and whose
the Filipinos in Madrid. martyrdom he glorified.
M. H. Del Pilar – acted as his
lawyer. Wine was served in the Infidelity of Leonor Rivera –
reunion. After drinking so Rizal lost his gold watch chain
many glasses, the guests with a locket containing the
Dr. Dominador Gomez – became more loquacious.
secretary of Asociacion picture of Leonor Rivera, his
Antonio Luna became drunk. beloved sweetheart while he
Hispano – Filipina. Luna was bitter because of his attended a play in the Teatro
frustrated romance with Nellie Apollo together with his
More terrible news reached Boustead. He was blaming friends, and that incident
Rizal in Madrid: Rizal for his failure. Luna proved to be a bad omen.
uttered certain unsavory
From Silvestre Ubaldo, remarks for Nellie. Rizal heard
him and challenge for a duel. Early in December 1890, with
he received a copy of
The Filipinos were shocked of the cold winds of winter
the ejectment order by
the incident. They tried to sweeping across the shivering
the Dominicans against
pacify Rizal and Luna, city, Rizal received a letter
Francisco Rizal and
pointing out to both that such from Leonor Rivera,
other calamba tenants.
a duel would damage their announcing her coming
cause in Spain. Luna, when he marriage to an Englishman
From Saturnina, he (the choice of her mother) and
learned of the became sober, realized that he
asking his forgiveness. This
letter was a great blow to him. Rizal having lost Leonor Filibusterismo. From Ghent,
He was stunned, his eyes Rivera courted Nellie, the Rizal went for Marseilles,
dimmed with tears, and his prettier and younger daughter Paris where he boarded S.S.
heart broke. reciprocated his affection. Melbourne on October 18,
Unfortunately their romance 1891 to Hongkong
February 15, 1891 – did not have a happy ending
Blumentritt replied to the with the following reason: Rizal in Hongkong (Nov. 20,
letter of Rizal and comforted 1891)
Rizal when Rizal confide to 1. Rizal refused to give up his
him about his agony and Catholic faith and be Upon his arrival in Hongkong
broken heart. converted to Protestant as on November 20, 1891, the
Nelly demanded, Filipino residents, especially
Rizal-Del Pilar Rivalry – In his old friend, Jose M. Basa
1890, there arise an 2. Nelly’s mother did not like gave him a warm welcome.
unfortunate rivalry between Rizal to be her son-in-law.
Rizal and del Pilar for After a few days, he
supremacy. Frustrated in romance, Rizal immediately went into the
found consolation in writing. practice of medicine to earn a
January 1, 1891 (New Year’s On March 29, 1891, Rizal living. Dr. Lorenzo P.
Day) – the Filipinos of Madrid finished the manuscript of El Marquez, a Portuguese
met to reorganize the Filibusterismo. On March 30, Ophthalmologist who had an
Asociacion Hispano – Filipina 1891, Rizal bade goodbye to extensive training and
and to elect a new leader who the Bousted Family and experience in this field of
would act as a spokesman of proceeded to Paris and stayed medical science dealing with
the Filipino cause in Europe. at the home of his friend, diseases of the eyes, became
Filipinos were divided into Valentin Ventura. his friend and eventually
two rival camps: helped him have extra
Rizal in Ghent patients. In recognition of
· Rizalistas or Rizal’s friends. Rizal”s extra ordinary talent in
They worked hard for the July 5, 1891 Rizal left his area of specialization
election of Rizal Brussels for Ghent. Rizal has notwithstanding his skills and
the following reasons: his tender touch as an
· Pilaristas or del Pilar’s ophthalmic surgeon he even
friends. They fought for del recommended some of his
The cost of living was lower patients.
Pilar’s election
The cost of printing in Ghent Arrival in Manila (June 26,
Back to Brussels – Since was cheaper than in Brussels
Rizal walked out from the 1892)
election for the new leader To escape from the enticing
because he found out that only At noon of June 26, 1892,
attraction of Petite Suzanne Rizal and his widowed sister
19 people voted him, he go
back to Brussels. Lucia (wife of the late
Owing to his limited Mariano Herboza) arrived in
funds Rizal lived in a cheap Manila. In the afternoon, at
Rizal in Biarritz (1891) boarding house, with Jose 4:00 0çlock, he went to
Alejandro as roommate. They Malacanan Palace to seek
Rizal left Madrid frustrated lived frugally in Ghent for 3 audience with the Spanish
and to seek solace for the months form July to Governor General Eulogio
disappointments, he took a September . To economize Despujol. He was told to come
vacation in the resort city of further on their living back at that night at 7:00
Biarritz, France. He was a expenses, they prepared their oçlock. Promptly at 7:00pm,
guest of the rich Bousted own breakfast. he returned to Malacanan and
family headed by Eduardo was able to confer with
Bousted whom he befriended He worked on Governor General Despujol,
in Paris in 1998. Mr. Bousted chapters of El Filibusterismo who agreed to pardon his
had two daughters, Adelina and wrote articles for La father but not the rest of his
and Nellie whom Rizal used to Solidaridad. In September family and told him to return
fence at the studio of Juan 1891, Rizal was able to on Wednesday (June 29).
Luna. publish his second novel, El
After his brief interview with Balbino Mauricio and other 5. Hongkong grave
the governor general, he exile ) yards for Catholics,
visited his sisters in the city, Protestants and Muslims are
Narsisa (wife of Antonio in the British colony. well-kept.
Lopez) and Saturnina (wife of
Manuel T. Hidalgo) > Rizal spent most of his stay > After his brief sojourn in
with Basa and went to Macao Hongkong, Rizal left the place
Founding of the Liga and visited churches, pagodas, on board SS Oceania, an
Filipina temples, shrine, American Streamer

On the evening of Sunday, theaters, botanical garden bound for Japan.

July 3, 1892, Rizal attended a and bazaars.
meeting at the home of the Rizal in Japan
Chinese-Filipino, Doroteo > While in Hongkong, Rizal
Ongjunco, on Ylaya Street, studied the Chinese way of > Rizal arrived in
Tondo. The meeting was life. In his diary, he wrote Yokohama on Feb. 28, 1888
attended by patriots and briefly his experiences: and stayed in Grand Hotel and
members of the mason. the following day proceeded
1. The celebration of
Rizal explained the objectives the Chinese New Year was to Tokyo and
of the Liga Filipina, a civic very noisy because of the stayed there for a few days.
league of Filipinos, which he continuous explosion of
desired to establish and its role
in the socio-economic life of > In Tokyo, upon
the people. He presented the firecrackers on the invitation, he lived in the
Constitution of the Liga which streets. Rich Chinese had Spanish legation – the official
he had written in Hong Kong. more firecrackers to explode. headquarters of a minister in
The patriots pproved the the
establishment of the Liga. 2. Chinese theaters
are usually boisterous because diplomatic service
The officersof the new league of the different percussion for about a month.
were elected as follows: instruments used by
President - Ambrosio > Rizal made the
Salvador, Secretary - Deodato the participants in following observations about
Arellano, Treasurer - addition to the noise created Japan:
Bonifacio Arevalo, Fiscal - by the audience.
Agustin de la Rosa. 1. The
3. The Lauraiat party, Japanese have a great
NOTES 11 IN RIZAL – wherein the guests were fondness for gardens
SECOND TRAVEL OF served a variety of dishes such
RIZAL as century eggs, 2. The
Japanese women on kimono
RIZAL WENT TO SPAIN shark’s fin, peking are simple but gracious.
FOR THE SECOND TIME ducks, fried chicken and with
(1888 – 1892) vinegar, roasted pig, fish, 3. In Japan,
shrimps, tea and seeing a guest’s need is an
Rizal in Hongkong important part of serving a
dried fruits. host.
> From Phils, the
ship made a short stopover at 4. The Dominican 4. Even on
Amoy then sailed to Order was the richest religious simplest occasion, a gift is
Hongkong where Rizal stayed order in Hongkong, had customarily taken along and
for two million of dollars presented as an expression

weeks where he deposited in of the

was met by some Filipino various banks earning giver’s respect and goodwill.
residents ( Jose Maria Basa, fabulous interests. Seasonal gifts are important
aspect of their culture.
 5. The basic first class passenger were > On May 16, 1888,
form of greeting as a sign of not allowed to disembark until Rizal left New York for
politeness is to bow. May 4, 1888. He later Liverpool – a seaport in
discovered that the ship Southwestern Lancashire in
6. The are England
few thieves in Japan. The was placed under quarantine
houses remained open day and because of racial prejudice. on board City of
night and other valuable The ship was carrying 643 Rome – the second largest
Chinese coolies – boat in the whole world at that
articles on time
the table without being lost. these were unskilled laborers
who were not allowed to enter > Rizal’s Impression about
7. There the United States because America.
were few beggars and are white laborers
rarely seen in the city streets. 1.
were displaced in the Tremendous material progress
8. The construction of infrastructure of the country as evidenced by
Japanese are happy, fights are facilities. After a few days of big cities with tall skyscrapers,
not seen in the streets and the quarantine the first
people are industrious.
class passengers including flourishing industries,
> Rizal’s romance Rizal were allowed to scientific methods of farming,
with the Japanese lady named disembarked but not the good transportation and
Seiko Usui (O-Sei-San) started Chinese and the Japanese. communication
on March 1888 when he
> In San Francisco, facilities the high standard
entered a department store in Rizal stayed at Palace Hotel – of living, better health and
Yokohama to buy something. a first class hotel in the city for medical care, advanced
Rizal asked the lady whether a 4 dollars a day. Rizal methods of
she knew
in his diary wrote: “I saw the education and better
English and to his surprise Golden Gate Bridge – a opportunities for better life
she answered him in English. marvel of engineering and one extended to poor immigrants.
of the most
>The irresistible beauty, 2. While
warmth and affection of O- beautiful structures of its America is undoubtedly a
Sei-San almost made Rizal to kind. great country, but it has still
stay in Japan for good many defects; he wrote to
> After staying in
but he has to leave because San Francisco for 2 days, Mariano Ponce: “There is
of a greater mission in life – to Rizal left for Oakland and no true civil liberty. In some
serve his country. from Oakland he took a train states, the Negro cannot marry
and a white
>By middle of April 1888,
Rizal boarded the Belgic- an passed Sacramento, Reno, woman nor a white man to a
English streamer at Yokohama Ogden, Omaha (A city of negro woman
bounded for the Nebraska), Chicago and
Albany to New York
Rizal in London
United States of America.
> Rizal arrived in New York
> Rizal lived in
Rizal in America on a Sunday morning and
London from May 1888 to
ended his trip across the
March 1889 to copy, study
American continent full
> From Yokohama and made the annotation of
Rizal arrived at San Francisco Dr.
port, USA but because of strict of exciting experiences and
quarantine, the other stayed there for a few days
Antonio Morga’s
book “Sucesos de las Islas
Filipinas (Events in the Filipino mothers should teach mysterious
Philippine Islands) – a rare their children love of God, “Sociedad R.D.L.M” which
copy country, and fellowmen. means “Rendencion de los
Malayos”(Redemption of the
Kept in the British Filipino mother should be glad Malays.) The aim of the
museum that tells about our and honored like Spartan society was the
country. mothers, to offer their sons in “propagation of all useful
the defense of their country knowledge in science, arts,
> In London Rizal literary in the Philippines.
stayed temporarily in the Filipino women should know
house of Dr. Ma. Regidor – an how protect their dignity and > As a matter of
exile of 1872 who was a law honor record, the most tangible and
outstanding achievement of
practitioner Filipino should educate Rizal while in Paris was the
themselves aside from
> While in London, retaining their good racial publication of his
Rizal spent much of his time virtues annotated edition of the book
in the British museum looking of Dr. Morga Sucesos de las
for valuable pieces Faith is not merely reciting Islas Filipinas
prayer and wearing religious
of historical pictures but rather it is living > In Paris, Rizal
literature about the Philippines the real Christian way with became fond of Adelina, the
good moral and good conduct. younger among the two
daughters of the Boustead. He
> Sometime in May, Rizal and
boarded the house occupied by > Rizal left London according
the Becket Family to some writer so that
Gertrude Becket my forgive Antonio Luna used
him. to visit the Boustead home and
> In London, Rizal met for the their frequent visit, Nelly
first time Mariano Ponce and became infatuated with
Marcelo H. Del Pilar, the Rizal In Paris
pillars of
> In Paris Rizal Rizal because of his
organized two societies, one wit, talent and fine manners.
La Solidaridad and the But because he loved Adelina,
Propaganda Movement. was Kidlat Club – this was
founded to simply bring he did not show any

> Rizal Spent Christmas with together

sign of affection for
the Becket family. Gertrude, Nelly. On the other hand
one of the daughter of the young Filipinos in
order that they could enjoy Antonio Luna had a strong
Becket family was feelings for Nelly but Nelly
their stay in the city. The
other society was Indios did
getting infatuated with Rizal
but Rizal was still faithful with not any iota of love
Leonor Rivera. Bravos – this society
taught its members to be proud for Luna. Luna became jealous
of being Filipinos and pledge and challenged Rizal for a
> It was in London that Rizal duel but fortunately the
wrote “The Letters to the to their best to
Young Women of Malolos”. excel in
intellectual and physical matter was settled
This letter praise the amicably by their friend.
capability to catch the
attention of the Spaniards and
young women of Malolos win > It was in Paris that
for their courage and their admiration Rizal got the news of the
determination to establish a and respect. impending marriage of Leonor
school where they can Rivera to Mr. Kipping.
> Another society
learn Spanish. The letter founded by Rizal in Paris Rizal in Brussels (January
also raised the following which many of his biographers 189)
points: do not mention was the
 > Rizal left Paris and Leonor Rivera married a lingering illness. HIs eulogy
went to Brussels, Belgium British Engineer. phrase Panganiban for his
because he could not resist the patriotis, inspired by the purest
temptation of joining his Failure to Get Justice for love of his native land.
family
friends that often interferes Aborted Duel with Antonio
with his time devoted for Upon arrival in Madrid, Rizal Luna
writing his second novel El immediately sought the help
Filibusterismo. of the Filipino Colony, the End of August, 1890
Asociacion Hispano – – Rizal attended a social
>In Brussels, Rizal Filipina, and the Liberal reunion of the Filipinos in
spent part of his time in the Spanish newspapers (La Madrid.
medical clinic to attend and Justicia, El Globo, La
treat some patients and the Republica, El resumen). Wine was served in the
reunion. After drinking so
fees he received M. H. Del Pilar – acted as his many glasses, the guests
from the patients help him lawyer. became more loquacious.
with the expense for his basic Antonio Luna became drunk.
needs. Dr. Dominador Gomez – Luna was bitter because of his
secretary of Asociacion frustrated romance with Nellie
> It was in Brussels Hispano – Filipina. Boustead. He was blaming
that Rizal got news about the Rizal for his failure. Luna
unresolved case of the More terrible news reached uttered certain unsavory
agrarian problem in Calamba. Rizal in Madrid: remarks for Nellie. Rizal heard
him and challenge for a duel.
Don Francisco The Filipinos were shocked of
From Silvestre Ubaldo, he the incident. They tried to
refused to pay their annual received a copy of the
rent to the Dominicans which pacify Rizal and Luna,
ejectment order by the pointing out to both that such
resulted in the filing of the Dominicans against Francisco
case a duel would damage their
Rizal and other cause in Spain. Luna, when he
calamba tenants. became sober, realized that he
against him and had made a fool and he
eventually evict them forcibly From Saturnina, he learned of apologized to Rizal
from the land. the deportation of Paciano,
Antonio Lopez, Silvestre Rizal Challenges Retana to
> Another bad news Rizal Ubaldo, Teong, and Dandoy Duel
received while in Brussels was to Mindoro
the deportation of his brother
Paciano and On another occasion,
His parents were forcibly he challenged another man to
ejected from their home and duel – Wenceslao E. Retana.
Brother-in-law (the husband were then living in the house He was the bitter enemy of
of Narcisa) to Mindoro. of Narcisa. Rizal in Pen. A talented
Spanish scholar was then a
Rizal in Madrid (1890) Rizal’s Eulogy to Panganiban press agent of the friars in
Spain. Used to attack the
Early in August, 1890 – Rizal Jose Ma. Panganiban – his Filipinos, including Rizal, in
arrived in Madrid friend and his talented co- various newspapers in Madrid.
worker in the propaganda. He imprudently wrote an
He tried all legal means to article in La Epoca an anti-
seek justice for his family and Barely had Rizal Filipino newspaper in Madrid,
the calamba tenants, but to no settled down in Madrid, when asserting that the family and
avail. he experienced another friends of Rizal had not paid
disappointment. This was the their rents so that they were
news that his friend Jose Ma. ejected from their lands in
He almost fought to duels –
Panganiban, his talented co- Calamba by the Dominicans.
one with Antonio Luna and
the other to Wenceslao E. worker in the propaganda
Retana. movement died in Barcelona Such an insult stirred
on Aug. 19 , 1890, after a Rizal to action. Immediately,
he sent his seconds to Retana Filipinos were divided into finished the manuscript of El
with his challenge to a duel. two rival camps: Filibusterismo. On March 30,
Retana at once published a 1891, Rizal bade goodbye to
retraction and apology in the · Rizalistas or Rizal’s the Bousted Family and
newspapers. The incident friends. They worked hard for proceeded to Paris and stayed
silenced Retana’s pen against the election of Rizal at the home of his friend,
Rizal. Years afterward, Retana Valentin Ventura.
wrote the first book-length · Pilaristas or del
biography of the greatest Pilar’s friends. They fought Rizal in Ghent
Filipino hero, whose talents he for del Pilar’s election
came to recognize and whose July 5, 1891 Rizal
martyrdom he glorified. left Brussels for Ghent. Rizal
has the following reasons:
Infidelity of Leonor Rivera –
Rizal lost his gold watch chain Back to Brussels – Since Rizal
walked out from the election The cost of living was lower
with a locket containing the
picture of Leonor Rivera, his for the new leader because he
beloved sweetheart while he found out that only 19 people The cost of printing in Ghent
attended a play in the Teatro voted him, he go back to was cheaper than in Brussels
Apollo together with his Brussels.
friends, and that incident To escape from the enticing
proved to be a bad omen. Rizal in Biarritz (1891) attraction of Petite Suzanne

Early in December Rizal left Madrid Owing to his limited funds

1890, with the cold winds of frustrated and to seek solace Rizal lived in a cheap
winter sweeping across the for the disappointments, he boarding house, with Jose
shivering city, Rizal received a took a vacation in the resort Alejandro as roommate. They
letter from Leonor Rivera, city of Biarritz, France. He lived frugally in Ghent for 3
announcing her coming was a guest of the rich months form July to
marriage to an Englishman Bousted family headed by September . To economize
(the choice of her mother) and Eduardo Bousted whom he further on their living
asking his forgiveness. This befriended in Paris in 1998. expenses, they prepared their
letter was a great blow to him. Mr. Bousted had two own breakfast.
He was stunned, his eyes daughters, Adelina and Nellie
dimmed with tears, and his whom Rizal used to fence at He worked on chapters of El
heart broke. the studio of Juan Luna. Filibusterismo and wrote
articles for La Solidaridad. In
February 15, 1891 – Rizal having lost September 1891, Rizal was
Blumentritt replied to the Leonor Rivera courted Nellie, able to publish his second
letter of Rizal and comforted the prettier and younger novel, El Filibusterismo. From
Rizal when Rizal confide to daughter reciprocated his Ghent, Rizal went for
him about his agony and affection. Unfortunately their Marseilles, Paris where he
broken heart. romance did not have a happy boarded S.S. Melbourne on
ending with the following October 18, 1891 to
Rizal-Del Pilar Rivalry – In reason: Hongkong
1890, there arise an
unfortunate rivalry between 1. Rizal refused to give up his Rizal in Hongkong (Nov. 20,
Rizal and del Pilar for Catholic faith and be 1891)
supremacy. converted to Protestant as
Nelly demanded, Upon his arrival in
Hongkong on November 20,
2. Nelly’s 1891, the Filipino residents,
January 1, 1891 (New Year’s mother did not like Rizal to be especially his old friend, Jose
Day) – the Filipinos of Madrid her son-in-law. M. Basa gave him a warm
met to reorganize the welcome.
Asociacion Hispano – Filipina Frustrated in
and to elect a new leader who romance, Rizal found After a few days, he
would act as a spokesman of consolation in writing. On immediately went into the
the Filipino cause in Europe. March 29, 1891, Rizal practice of medicine to earn a
living. Dr. Lorenzo P. was attended by patriots and Propaganda - is a method used
Marquez, a Portuguese members of the mason. by a certain group or
Ophthalmologist who had an individual for the purpose of
extensive training and Rizal explained the spreading a particular doctrine
experience in this field of objectives of the Liga Filipina, or principle.
medical science dealing with a civic league of Filipinos,
diseases of the eyes, became which he desired to establish - it is a deliberate attempt of
his friend and eventually and its role in the socio- an organized group to
helped him have extra economic life of the people. influence the opinion, attitude
patients. In recognition of He presented the Constitution or behavior of other people.
Rizal”s extra ordinary talent in of the Liga which he had
his area of specialization written in Hong Kong. The - is the dissemination of ideas,
notwithstanding his skills and patriots pproved the information, rumor or facts for
his tender touch as an establishment of the Liga. the purpose of helping or
ophthalmic surgeon he even destroying an institution,
recommended some of his The officersof the group, cause or a person.
patients. new league were elected as
follows: President - Ambrosio - it could be a doctrine, ideas,
Arrival in Manila (June 26, Salvador, Secretary - Deodato arguments facts or allegations
1892) Arellano, Treasurer - spread by a deliberate effort
Bonifacio Arevalo, Fiscal - through any medium of
At noon of June 26, Agustin de la Rosa. communication in order to
1892, Rizal and his widowed further one’s cause or damage
sister Lucia (wife of the late NOTES 15 IN RIZAL an opposing cause.
Mariano Herboza) arrived in
Manila. In the afternoon, at PROPAGANDA > Medium of Communication
4:00 0çlock, he went to MOVEMENT
Malacanan Palace to seek
audience with the Spanish * Print (Written)
Governor General Eulogio The term Propaganda was first
Despujol. He was told to come used by the Catholic Church * Broadcast (Verbal)
back at that night at 7:00 during the establishment of the
oçlock. Promptly at 7:00pm, College for the Propagation of
he returned to Malacanan and Faith under Pope Pius VIII
was able to confer with and has a religious
connotation which means - Movement - refers to
Governor General Despujol, progression or retrogression in
who agreed to pardon his PROPAGATION OR
SPREADING OF a particular direction or
father but not the rest of his towards a particular objective.
family and told him to return CATHOLIC FAITH.
on Wednesday (June 29).
From the religious Progression-
point of view, the word moving in a positive way
After his brief interview with
the governor general, he propaganda now has a secular
meaning used in the political Retrogression -
visited his sisters in the city,
arena. Propaganda became a moving in a negative way
Narsisa (wife of Antonio
Lopez) and Saturnina (wife of potent tool for the growth of
Manuel T. Hidalgo) the nation and in destroying Propaganda Movement - is a
political system and movement organized for
destabilizing a government. It spreading a particular ideas,
also becomes a tool of “would arguments, facts or allegation
be politicians” in projecting for the purpose of injuring or
Founding of the Liga Filipina and positioning themselves in helping a certain cause, group
politics. or person towards a particular
On the evening of objective.
Sunday, July 3, 1892, Rizal
attended a meeting at the PROPAGANDA
home of the Chinese-Filipino, DEFINITION OF TERMS MOVEMENT IN THE
Doroteo Ongjunco, on Ylaya PHILIPPINES:
Street, Tondo. The meeting
 The propaganda Masonic Lodges - secret GROUPS THAT FORMED
movement in the Philippines societies established in the THE NUCLEUS OF
as some authors believed, Phils. to reinforced the PROPAGANDA
began in 1872, when the 3 Propaganda movement MOVEMENT
martyred priests (Burgos,
Gomez and Zamora) were - helped (R. Constantino: A Past
executed at Bagumbayan (now in the spreading of the ideas Revisited. p. 152)
Luneta). The execution which were being propagated
(others called it martyrdom) of by the reformists in Spain. 1. FILIBUSTERS -
the 3 priests awakened the (Romero, Ransano: Rizal and these were suspected
Filipino people to the existing Filipno Nationalism. p. 51-52) subversives banished to the
evils of theSpanish colonial Marianas during the crack-
system and inspired the AIMS OF THE down on Liberals after the
intellectuals and patriots to PROPAGANDA Cavite Mutiny in 1872.
launch a peaceful crusade for MOVEMENT Included as Filibusters were
reforms which came to be the Espanoles-Filipinos such
known as “Propaganda as:
Movement”. The propaganda
movement in the Philippines Fr. Agustin
was not a revolutionary or Mendoza
Inspired by a seditious movement. The men Jose Guevarra
common cause, the Filipino who led the propaganda
exiles and patriotic students movement were actually loyal
abroad met and banded to Spain. They merely ask for Miguel Lasa
together and consecrated reforms and not independence.
themselves to work of Justo Guazon
promoting the welfare and
happiness of their country, the The aims of the
Philippines. Aggressively but propaganda movement were:
peacefully, by means of pen Anacleto Desiderio
and toungue, they crusaded for 1. Equality of Filipinos and
reforms to rectify the evils of Spaniards before the law. Juan Atayde
the Spanish colonial system.
(Zaide: Phil. History for High 2. Assimilation of the - they were
School. pp 178-179) Philippines as a regular later granted executive
province of Spain. clemency on the condition not
to return to the Philippines.
3. Restoration of the
Propaganda Movement also Philippine representative in 2. YOUNG MEN
known as Reform Movement - the Spanish Cortes. SENT TO STUDY ABROAD
leads to peaceful way, that ask - these group initially banded
for a reformation. together and promised to work
[Link] of the in the promotion of the
church. welfare and happiness of the
country through peaceful
means.
Madrid - was the center of the 5. Individual
propaganda movement in liberties for Filipinos ( Zaide:
Phil. History for High School 3. REFUGEES -
Spain these group were either
p 179)
Spanish of Filipinos who run
Roman Ongpin General or escape the persecution of
Hardware (Also known as “EL > freedom of speech the Spanish administration.
82” - was the center of
propaganda movement in > freedom of press
Manila.
> freedom to meet EARLY DEMANDS FOR
> the center served as and petition for redress of REFORMS:
the rendezvous and grievances.
distribution center of the
propaganda materials. Early demands for
reforms were aired not by the
natives but by the Espanoles- Graciano Lopez 1. freedom of the press, speech
Filipinos by forming different Jaena - Vice President and of assembly
associations.
2. equality before the law
SOME ASSOCIATIONS Mariano Ponce -
FORMED BY Treasurer 3. participation in the affairs
PROPAGANDA of the government
MOVEMENT: Jose Rizal -
Honorary President 4. social and political freedom
1. Circulo Hispano-
Filipino (Peninsularis) - an Aims of La 5. promotion of education
association founded by Juan Solidaridad:
Atayde in Madrid in 1882
- this 6. stop the abuses of the
1. guardia civil
association practically died at fight all forms of reaction
birth due to lack of funds
7. end to the arbitrary
2. deportations of citizens
2. Association impede all retrogression
Hispano-Filipino (Insularis) -
an association organized by 8. reforms in all branches of
Miguel Morayta in 1889. 3. the government
- this hail and accept all liberal ideas
association lobbied REASONS FOR THE
successfully for the passage of 4. FAILURE OF
Maura Law which provided defend all progress PROPAGANDA
for the compulsory teaching of ASSOCIATIONS AND
Spanish and reforms in the PUBLICATION PAPERS PUBLICATIONS:
Judiciary. LAUNCHED DURING
PROPAGANDA 1. Lack of funds
3. La Solidaridad MOVEMENT
(Pure Filipinos)- this 2. lack of unity
association was formed on 1. El Eco Filipino - a among the Espanoles-Filipinos
Dec. 13, 1888 by a group who forthnightly magazine and Filipinos
desired to form a purely published in Spain were early
Filipino organization. demands for reforms were 3. differences of
aired. opinion
> this
organization made petition to 2. Revista Del 4. petty jealousies
the Ministry of Colonies Circulo Hispano-Filipino -
asking the following: publication of Association
Circulo Hispano-Filipino 5. personal
ambitions.
1. representation in the Cortes
3. Espana en Filipinas - a
2. abolition of censorship of weekly magazine published in
the press Spain
RIZAL CONTRIBUTION
3. prohibition of deportation of 4. La Solidaridad -
citizens by merely the publication founded in On 1892, Rizal return
administrative orders. Feb. 15, 1889 with Lopez to the Philippines for the 2nd
Jaena as the first Editor. time. This 2nd homecoming
marked his re-entry into the
Officers of La Solidaridad:
hazardous campaign for
reforms. He firmly believed
that the fight for Filipino
Galicano Apacible - DEMANDS OF liberties had assume a new
President PROPAGANDA phase; it must be fought in the
MOVEMENT Philippines and not in Spain.
LA LIGA FILIPINA - a civic 3. to keep in secret
league (or association) of the decisions of the Liga which pledge to continue to
Filipinos whom Rizal would authorities support the propagandists in
like to establish to help in the Madrid, and the
socio-economic life of the 4. to have a symbolic
people. The MOTTO of the name which cannot he cannot 2.
Liga Filipina was: “UNUS change until he become RADICALS - this group was
INSTAR OMNIUM” which president of his council. led by Bonifacio who founded
means ONE LIKE ALL. the KATIPUNAN - a secret
5. to report to the society organized to worked
- the governing body of the fiscal anything that he may for the independence of
league was the Supreme hear which affects the Liga Philippines.
Council which has jurisdiction
over the whole country. In 6. to behave well as
every province there will be a befits a good Filipino
Provincial Council and in With the shift from
every town there will be a La Liga to the Katipunan, the
Popular Council. The 7. to help fellow
members in all ways. goal was transformed from
composition of the Supreme assimilation to separation.
Council were: (Gregorio and Sonia Zaide: J.
Rizal: Life, Works and The method underwent a
President similar drastic change, that is,
Secretary Writings pp215-216)
from peaceful agitation for
Treasurer reforms to armed revolution.
Fiscal THE SPLIT INSIDE THE LA
LIGA FILIPINA
The Aims of La Liga were:
(R. Constantino: A Past
Revisited) Retirement from the
1. to unite the whole Propaganda Movement.
archipelago into one compact
and homogenous body. In the beginning the
Liga Filipina was quite active. Since abdicating his
Andres Bonifacio in particular leadership in Madrid in
2. mutual protection January, 1891, owing to the
in every want and necessity exerted great efforts to
organize Popular Councils in intrigues of his jealous
various districts of Manila. compatriots, Rizal retired from
3. defense against all However, a few months later, propaganda movement. From
violence and injustice the Supreme Council of the Brussels, May 1, 1891, Rizal
Liga dissolved the notified the propaganda
4. encouragement of organization. The reformist authorities in Manila to cancel
education, agriculture and leaders found out that most of his monthly allowance and
commerce the Popular Councils which devote the money to some
Bonifaco had organized were better cause.
5. study and no longer willing to send
application of reforms funds to the Madrid RIZAL’S BLUEPRINT FOR
propagandist because like NATION BUILDING:
Bonifacio, the Popular
Council had been convinced (Romero, Ranzano: Rizal and
Duties of the Members of Liga that peaceful agitation for Phil. Nationalism pp 77-81)
Filipina: reforms was futile.

1. to obey the orders As a result the Liga

of the Supreme Council membership split into 2 Rizal’s political
groups, the: concept and conviction about
2. to help in the nationalism matured between
recruitment of new members 1. 1882-1887 when he was in
CONSERVATIVES - this Spain. From a distance he
group formed the organization gained a better perspective of
called CUERPO DE the problem of his country.
COMPROMISARIOS He saw his country abused,
maligned by the vices of the 2. establish a and trained them to work
Spaniards and Filipinos alike, Filipino settlement in Borneo. towards a common social goal,
helpless with her oppressed thereby making their national
people, unhappy and yet > this was sentiment more binding.
beautiful. He began to disapproved by then Governor
understand why the Filipinos general Despujol because of
were subjugated for so long by the following reasons:
the colonial power.
Had these projects been
accomplished with the help of
2 Factors that prolonged the 1. Phils. was short of the Spanish government, the
subjugation of the Filipino manpower Philippines and Spain would
People
have parted under more genial
and auspicious circumstances.
:1. Absence of national 2. it was improper
sentiment or national and impractical for the natives
consciousness to cultivate other lands while
Phils. was still
When Rizal was
2. Poor training and education underdeveloped.
deported to Dapitan, he had
of the people
already accomplished a major
part of his self-imposed
Blueprint mission of redeeming the
( Recommendations) for If the Borneo Plan Filipinos from colonialism.
Nation Building: have been pushed through, it Filipinos had already begun to
might have been an example manifest a certain degree of
1. Let the of how the Filipinos could togetherness and belonging to
Filipinos be aware of their govern themselves. The an entity. This attitude made
plight and unite them for supposed settlement would it easier for the Katipunan
national interest. have the following leaders to rally members
characteristics: behind its cause.
2. Formation
of national consciousness 1. Free and Although Rizal failed
independent to organize the people as he
3. planned, his works were
Development of individual to 2. Complete profuse (abundance) with the
become responsible and with political, religious and political, social, economic,
independent and to work for economic structures moral, educational, and
the welfare of the religious philosophies and
whole society. 3. Liberty of teaching with which to guide
the Filipino settlers the Filipino people in
developing a national
consciousness. These
4. Security guideposts are still relevant to
Program of Action: of land our problems of nation
building.
1. form a 5. Retain
group of students in Madrid to their citizenship and protection - In the Philippines,
be the nucleus of future of their rights. Noli was attacked and
activities in working for condemned by a Faculty
solutions to the problems of Committee in 1887 and
the country forwarded the result of their
On the other hand, findings as follows:
> this was a had the Liga been given a
failure because of the same chance to survive, its
reason why the propaganda membership would have
movement was a failure. increased until all provinces •it was heretical, impious and
and towns were involved in scandalous to the religious
the whole project. It could order
have disciplined its members
•it was unpatriotic and - it is more that was willing to print the
subversives to public order revolutionary and more tragic novel in installment basis.

•it was libelous to the - it has little humor Aug 1891 - the printing was
government of Spain and less idealism suspended because of funding.

- it is dedicate to the Sept. 18, 1891 - El

3 martyred priests GOM- Filibusterismo came off the
- The Faculty Committee BUR-ZA press
recommended the following:
- the original
1. Prohibition of the manuscript in Rizal’s own
importation, reproduction and writing is still preserved in the
circulation of the novel. Filipiniana Division of the
Bureau of Public Libraries in
Manila.

- the original
Intimate friends of Rizal who manuscript consisted of 279
received the first copy of the pages of long sheets of paper.
novel
- the story of Fili
1. Ferdinand began on board the steamer
Blumentrit Tabo and on board is Simon -
a jeweler.
2. Dr. Antonio Ma.
Regidor - it ended at the house
of Padre Florentino when
3. Graciano Lopez Simon in order to elude arrest
Jaena took up poison and while
dying revealed to Fr.
4. Mariano Ponce Florentino his identity and
plan to use his wealth to
5. Felix R. Hidalgo. avenge himself and his sinister
aim to destroy his friends and
enemies.
6. Juan Luna
Oct. 1887 - the year Rizal
7. Resurrection
started writing this novel
Hidalgo
while in Calamba.

Maximo Viola - received a

1888 - Rizal made some
galley proofs of the Noli
changes in the plot and made
carefully rolled around the pen
correction of some chapters
that he used in writing and a
while in London.
complimentary copy of the
novel.
- Rizal wrote more
chapters while in Paris and
Madrid

EL FILIBUSTERISMO -
which means “The Rebellion”
Mar. 29, 1891 - Rizal
- this is a sequel to finished the manuscript.
the Noli
F. Meyer-Van Loo Press - the
- it contains 38 printing in Ghent, Belgium
chapters