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O Level Maths Numbers

The document covers various types of numbers including natural, whole, integers, rational, irrational, and real numbers. It also explains concepts such as prime numbers, factors, multiples, LCM, HCF, rounding numbers, standard form, estimation, fractions, decimals, percentages, ratio and proportion, speed, distance, time, currency conversion, order of operations, negative numbers, and recurring decimals. Each section includes explanations and example questions for better understanding.

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311 views3 pages

O Level Maths Numbers

The document covers various types of numbers including natural, whole, integers, rational, irrational, and real numbers. It also explains concepts such as prime numbers, factors, multiples, LCM, HCF, rounding numbers, standard form, estimation, fractions, decimals, percentages, ratio and proportion, speed, distance, time, currency conversion, order of operations, negative numbers, and recurring decimals. Each section includes explanations and example questions for better understanding.

Uploaded by

aliusmanshah652
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

O Level Mathematics: Unit – Numbers

1. Types of Numbers
Explanation: - Natural numbers: 1, 2, 3, … - Whole numbers: 0, 1, 2, 3, … -
Integers: …, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, … - Rational numbers: Can be expressed as
fractions, e.g. 1/2, 0.75 - Irrational numbers: Cannot be written as fractions,
e.g. π, √2 - Real numbers: All rational and irrational numbers
Example Question: Classify the following: 3/4 (Rational), √5 (Irrational),
0.333… (Rational), π (Irrational)

2. Prime Numbers, Factors & Multiples


Explanation: - Prime number: Only divisible by 1 and itself - Composite
number: More than two factors - Factors: Numbers that divide exactly -
Multiples: Products of a number
Example Question: Find the prime factorization of 84: 2 x 2 x 3 x 7 = 2² x 3
x7

3. LCM and HCF


Explanation: - LCM: Least Common Multiple - HCF: Highest Common Factor
Example Question: Find the LCM and HCF of 12 and 30: - 12 = 2² x 3 - 30
= 2 x 3 x 5 - HCF = 2 x 3 = 6 - LCM = 2² x 3 x 5 = 60

4. Rounding Numbers
Explanation: - Round to nearest 10, 100, etc., or to decimal places or
significant figures
Example Question: Round 38.7481 to: - 1 decimal place: 38.7 - 2
significant figures: 39

5. Standard Form
Explanation: - Numbers written as a x 10^n, where 1 ≤ a < 10
Example Question: 0.00091 = 9.1 x 10^-4
6. Estimation and Bounds
Explanation: - Upper Bound: +0.5 unit - Lower Bound: -0.5 unit
Example Question: A length of 65 cm (nearest cm) has: - Lower bound =
64.5 cm - Upper bound = 65.5 cm

7. Fractions
Explanation: - Addition: common denominator - Multiplication: multiply
numerators and denominators - Division: invert and multiply
Example Question: 3/4 + 2/5 = (15 + 8)/20 = 23/20 = 1 3/20

8. Decimals
Explanation: - Basic operations - Converting to/from fractions
Example Question: Convert 0.875 to fraction: 875/1000 = 7/8

9. Percentages
Explanation: - % of a number = (% / 100) x number - Increase = original x
(1 + %/100) - Decrease = original x (1 - %/100)
Example Question: Increase $200 by 15%: 200 x 1.15 = $230

10. Ratio and Proportion


Explanation: - Ratio = a : b - Direct Proportion: both increase/decrease
together - Inverse Proportion: one increases, other decreases
Example Question: Divide $90 in the ratio [Link] Total parts = 5 - 2 parts =
36, 3 parts = 54

11. Speed, Distance, Time


Explanation: - Speed = Distance / Time
Example Question: Speed = 80 km/h, Time = 1.5 h - Distance = 80 x 1.5 =
120 km
12. Currency Conversion
Explanation: - Multiply/divide by exchange rate
Example Question: $3 in PKR if 1 USD = 280 PKR: - 3 x 280 = 840 PKR

13. Order of Operations (BODMAS)


Explanation: - Brackets > Orders > Division/Multiplication >
Addition/Subtraction
Example Question: 3 + 6 / 2 x (4 - 1)^2 = 3 + 3 x 9 = 30

14. Negative Numbers


Explanation: - Negative x Negative = Positive - Negative + Positive =
Difference
Example Question: -3 x -4 = 12 -10 + 4 = -6

15. Recurring Decimals


Explanation: - Repeating digits written with a bar - Convert using algebra
method
Example Question: 0.666… = 2/3 Let x = 0.666…, 10x = 6.666… 10x - x =
9x = 6 → x = 6/9 = 2/3

End of Notes

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