12 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Naujan Municipal High School

Personal Development

Quarter 1 Week 3 Module 3

Why Am I Like This?
Lesson 1 – Development Tasks and Challenges experienced during Adolescence
Lesson 2 – Evaluation of an Adolescent’s Development through the Significant
People in their lives
Lesson 3 – Ways on how to become Capable and Responsible
Adolescent prepared for Adult Life
FOR OTHER ISSUES AND CONCERN, PLEASE LET US KNOW:
Subject Teacher:SHERLY T. ESPINA– 09073004610

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What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind.
It is here to help you master the development that occurs in
adolescents. Human life completes its journey through various stages
and one of the most vital stages is adolescence. Adolescence is the
period of transition from childhood to adulthood and plays a decisive
role in the formation of pro-social/anti-social adult. All of us undergo
this stage, which poses many challenges and is full of excitement. At
the same time, it demands adjustment on many fronts. When we come
to this world, we are entirely dependent upon others and gradually
learning to be independent. This module will help you understand the
nature of adolescence, challenges, and significant tasks faced by
adolescents, and some of the adolescents' essential problems.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. develop understanding about physical, physiological, and
psychological issues related to the processes of growing up;
2. explain the nature of adolescence as a developmental stage; and
3. explain the physical development during adolescence.
What I Know
PRE-ACTIVITY: Adolescent’s Challenges (Critical-Thinking)
Instructions: Identify whether these changes/problems during
adolescence is a physical change/problem, emotional change/problem,
or behavioral change/problem. Put the number of the problem in their
respective tables.

1. Acne is one of the major problems of teenagers.

2. Teenagers tend to feel overly emotional.
3. Teenagers tend to have overwhelming emotions that can lead to
impulsive decisions.
4. Body odor becomes evident.
5. Bodily changes result in self-consciousness.
6. Teenagers tend to change their sense of fashion, hairstyle, etc.
 Lesson Development Tasks and
1 Challenges experienced
during Adolescence
Adolescence is a period of transition when the individual
changes—physically and psychologically—from a child to an adult. It is
a period when rapid physiological and psychological changes demand
new social roles to take place. Prior to these changes, the adolescents
often face a number of crises and dilemmas. It is the period when the
child moves from dependency to autonomy. It demands significant
adjustment to the physical and social changes.
It is a fact that all living beings pass through specific stages or
phases of development. Erikson believed that each stage of life is
marked by a specific crisis or conflict between competing tendencies. If
individuals know how to negotiate each of these hurdles successfully,
they can develop in a normal and healthy way of life. During this phase,
adolescents must integrate various roles into a consistent self-identity.
If they fail to do so, they may experience confusion over who they are.

What’s In
ACTIVITY 1.1. : Me, Myself, and I
Instructions: Draw your lifestyle when you’re still a child and your
lifestyle when you’re already an adolescent. Below your drawing, write

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your characteristics in terms of physical appearance, emotional state,
and behavior.
What has changed over the
years?________________________________________________________________
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CHILD SELF ADOLESCENT SELF

PHYSICAL EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR PHYSICAL EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR

What’s New
Many things change as one undergoes puberty and becomes an
adolescent.
Activity 1.2. Enumeration
Instructions: Enlist 6 awkward changes that have occurred in your
adolescent life (write it in the box). Explain how you managed each one
of them, (put this in the hexagon).
 What is It
Physical changes during Adolescence - At a glance
For girls, you might start to see early physical changes from about 10
or 11 years, but they might start as early as 8 years or as old as 13
years. These physical changes during puberty include:
• development of breast
• changes in body shape and height
• growth of pubic and body hair
• onset of menstruation or monthly period

For boys, physical changes usually start at around 11 or 12 years, but

they might start as young as 9 years or as old as 14 years. These
physical changes include:
• growth of the penis and testes (testicles)
• changes in body shape and height
• erections with ejaculation
• growth of body and facial hair
• changes in voice.
Body Image Concerns
It is within the context described above that children and
adolescents begin to form their perception of their own bodies – their
body image. Body image can be defined as the subjective evaluation of
one’s body and appearance (Smolak & Thompson 2009). Related to
one’s body and appearance, this comprises thoughts (e.g. “I think I look
bad in photographs”), feelings (“I hate the way I look”), as well as
perceptions (“I am too fat”). In body image research, a person’s body
image is often described in terms of the level of body-esteem (referring

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to self-esteem in relation to body and appearance) or body
dissatisfaction (referring to negative feelings and thoughts about one’s
body and appearance) which a person may be experiencing.
Nutrition, Health, and Hygiene
Nutrition and dietary habits during adolescence
Adolescence is a period of rapid physical growth, with a
corresponding increase in nutritional requirements to support the
increase in body mass and to build up stores of nutrients. The daily
intake of nutritional requirements increases according to the following
factors:
Age:
at the beginning of puberty, with the increase of height and at the
last stage of adolescence;
Gender:
adolescent girls require 10% more nutrients, iron and iodine in
particular than boys;
Pregnancy:
during the second half in particular, as well as during the first six
months of breastfeeding, it is advised that the first pregnancy
after marriage be postponed at least until the girl is over 18 years
old because it might not be possible to meet added nutritional
requirements, especially among middle income and poor families;
and
Activities and sports:
heavy physical sports in particular such as swimming, running,
and ball games.
Improving the nutrition of adolescents
Adolescent nutrition can be improved through several measures
including:
• recognition of the increased nutritional requirements of
adolescents;
• nutritional education for the promotion of healthy dietary habits
stated below;
• adequate diet at specific times;
• control of excessive indulgence in food, especially those foods
high in sugar and fat;
• minimizing the intake of sweets and snacks between main meals,
especially junk food snacks;
• regular physical exercise to burn excess calories and to
strengthen muscles;
 • regular intake of breakfast;
• use of sugar replacement if prone to obesity; and
• ensuring that poultry and poultry products, including meat are
well-cooked, and clean.
Major Health Concerns of Adolescents
Obesity:
Obesity is a grave nutritional problem for adolescents. It simply
means that the energy intake exceeds the amount of energy
consumed, and the residual difference accumulates in the body to
cause fat. Over consumption of food is the main reason for
obesity, specifically foods rich in sugar, starch and fat, like nuts,
sweets, chocolate and soft drinks. Snacks and junk foods eaten
with or in between meals, and popcorn, pizza and nuts consumed
while watching television, also causes obesity. The energy
consumed in sports, walking, manual work or physical exercise is
usually less than the calorie intake.
Anemia:
Anemia is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency in the world,
affecting no less than two billion people. Primarily caused by iron
deficiency, its acute symptoms manifest particularly among
adolescent girls. During menarche, teenage girls need 10% more
iron than boys of the same age because of blood loss in
menstruation. Poor families often fail to provide the extra iron
intake needed for these adolescent girls who also have a heavy
workload at home. In addition, there is the possibility of sex
discrimination in interfamilial food distribution in some families
with girls having a smaller share than boys.
Iodine deficiency:
Iodine is a basic life element for humans. Iodine deficiency leads
to goiter, abortion and mental retardation. Deficiency means a
severe lack of nutrition needed that might have a pathological
effect. The need for iodine increases during adolescence.
Depression:
The term “depression” is often used in daily conversation to refer
to bouts of sadness, moodiness or disappointment that last for a
few days. However, this is not depression, which is a specific
clinically recognized condition diagnosed by psychologists or
psychiatrists.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs):
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 The lifestyles adopted by adolescents and youth will largely decide
their risks of having sexually transmitted disease and HIV
infection. It must be understood that these age groups are
vulnerable to such infections. For example, ages from 20 to 24
usually have the highest incidence of HIV infection followed by
those from 15 to 19 years of age. Examples for STDs: Syphilis
(spirochete), Hepatitis B (virus), Herpes (virus), HIV (virus), AIDS
(disease), Trichomoniasis vaginitis (flagellar), Genital warts (virus)
and Chlamydia infection (intracellular organisms).
Adolescence is a time to build on these basics
Good hygiene habits in childhood are a great
foundation for good hygiene in the teenage years. And if you’ve got
open, honest communication with your child, it’ll make it easier to talk
about the personal hygiene issues that come up in adolescence.
Why good personal hygiene matters?
Keeping your body clean is an important part of staying healthy.
The simple act of washing hands before eating and after using the toilet
is a proven and effective tool in fighting germs to avoid sickness. Being
clean and well-presented is also an important part of gaining confidence
for teenagers.

Helping adolescent child with the basics of personal hygiene:

Body odor:
When children reach puberty, a sweat gland in their armpit and
genital area develops. Regular changing of underwear and other
clothes worn next to the skin is especially important. These
clothes collect all sorts of stuff that bacteria love to eat, including
dead skin cells, sweat and body fluids. That’s why they get
smelly. The onset of puberty is also a good time for your child to
start using anti-perspirant deodorant. You can encourage your
child to do this by letting her choose her own.
Smelly feet:
Smelly feet and shoes can also be a problem, whether you are
sporty or not. One can avoid this by giving your feet extra
attention while taking a shower, and making sure they are
completely dry before putting your socks and shoes on. It is a
good idea to alternate your shoes and to wear cotton socks
instead of those made of synthetic fibers.
Dental hygiene:
 Brushing teeth twice a day, flossing and going to the dentist
regularly are vital to avoid bad breath, gum problems and tooth
decay.
Girls:
Although all teenagers have the same basic hygiene issues, girls
will be needing help to manage their monthly periods. Adolescent
girls should be told to change their pads more often as well as to
dispose these used pads hygienically. Teenagers do need extra
time in the bathroom. While teenagers are learning to shave or to
handle their periods, these hygiene activities might take a bit
longer.
Boys:
Boys will need advice about shaving (how to do it and when to
start), looking after their genitals, and about bodily fluids.
Special Needs:
Young people with special needs are likely be needing extra
support with their personal hygiene. When you are thinking
about how to discuss hygiene to a child with special needs,
his/her learning ability and style might be a factor. You may
consider breaking the hygiene tasks (such as showering, shaving,
using deodorant and cleaning teeth) into small steps. This way,
they might be easier for adolescent to learn.
Start early - before puberty:
If you keep reinforcing messages about personal hygiene, most
adolescent will get there in the end.

What I Can Do
Essay
Instruction: Write an essay about the question “What solutions will
you suggest for adolescents to overcome these challenges?”. Give at
least 1 example each – physical, behavioral, emotional)

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 “What solutions will you suggest for adolescents to
overcome these challenges?”.
Give at least 1 example each – physical, behavioral,
emotional)

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 Assessment
Let’s see what you have remembered!
Instructions: FILL IN THE BLANKS. Write your answer on the space
provided.
1. The daily intake of nutritional requirements increases according to
the following factors: AGE, PREGNANCY, GENDER, and ______________.
2. ________ is caused primarily by iron deficiency and manifested by
acute symptoms.
3. ______________ can be defined as the subjective evaluation of one’s
body and appearance that comprise thoughts, feelings, and perceptions
related to the body’s appearance.
4. Growth of pubic and body hair occurs during _____________.
5. Adolescence is a period of rapid physical __________ , with
corresponding increase needs in nutritional requirements to support
the increase in body mass and to build up stores of nutrients.

Lesson Evaluation of an Adolescent’s Development

2 through the Significant People in their
Lives
Society plays a huge role in molding teens’ behavior, character,
and attitude. It determines how they see other people, their general
outlook, and their ethics.
Parents, and other family members, can also influence all these
things, but the things that will remain with the kids for the long term
are learned from society. Now society comprises of a lot of different
things that include media, neighborhood, laws, and school.

What I Know

PRE-ACTIVITY: Draw that Scenario! (Creativity, Character)

Instructions: Draw a scenario wherein it answers the question “How
do the people around you affect your life?” Make it as creative as
possible.

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 POEM ON HOW TEENAGERS’ LIFE MIGHT BE LIKE
This poem might give you a wider perspective on how adolescents
mature and grow.
“The Teenage Years”
by: Sarah Gray

We learn from our mistakes, Not breaking means you’re strong.

from the wrong turns we take, You’d know where you went wrong,
from the fake friends we make, as if you weren’t waiting so long
and from the times we almost break. to explain yourself, but stay strong.

Our mistakes help us grow, So here’s the liars and traitors,

but at the time, we didn’t know. all the wannabes and haters,
We didn’t want our weakness to show. learning from our mistakes,
At the time, we couldn’t let them and learning to spot the fakes.
know.
Here’s to being a teen,
Our fake friends were there Live it up, ‘cause we’re living the
but they didn’t actually care. dream.
Our secrets they would share,
and now as they pass, they just stare.
Music can have many social psychological impacts and meanings for
people at different periods of their development (Hargreaves, 1986;
McPherson, 2006; North & Hargreaves, 2008). Music is a resource of
considerable intellectual, artistic, cultural, technological, and economic
breadth and depth. Young people, mainly, devote most of their time and
money to music listening (Roberts, Henriksen, & Foehr, 2009).
Listening to music is thus particularly essential and ubiquitous in the
contemporary lives of media-socializing and multi-tasking adolescents
(Brown & Bobkowski, 2011; Roberts et al., 2009).
Activity 2.1. Substitute the lyrics
Instructions: Substitute the lyrics of any song. Make the lyrics a story
about an adolescent being affected by the society. It should tackle the
impact of peers and family on the development of an adolescent.
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 What is It
PEERS
Social and emotional maturity is intertwined.
As teens’ emotional maturity increases, their relationships with
their peers change as they become more vulnerable and emotionally
intimate. This increased vulnerability and intimacy require greater trust
among peers.
Thus, during the adolescent years, teen peer groups become
increasingly crucial as they experience closeness in these friendships
resulting in more gratifying relationships. Nowadays, teens turn to their
friends for help; instead of their families as the first line of support
during times of worry or upset. This increased reliance on friendships is
yet another way for teens to demonstrate their growing independence.

Teens modify their behavior, activities, etc. to be accepted by a

peer group.
Since acceptance by a peer group becomes essential, teens modify
their speech, dress, behavior, choices, and activities to become more
similar to their peers. This increased similarity among peers provides
them a sense of security and affirms their acceptance into their chosen
peer group. The developmental theorist Erik Erickson described this
developmental step as a crisis of identity vs. identity confusion.
When teens modify their choices or behavior in order to conform
to what their friends are doing, they are adapting to peer pressure. Peer
pressure is often associated with adverse outcomes such as skipping
school, wearing distasteful clothing, or drinking alcohol, and using
drugs. However, many parents do not recognize that peer pressure may
also have a positive influence. Because of advanced cognitive and
emotional maturity, teens can now encourage each other to make wise
decisions and discourage them from making wrong choices.
Since it is vital for youth to "fit in" with their peer group, they may also
decide to participate in the same hobbies or activities as their friends.
Doing so will enable them to spend more time together and to bond over
shared experiences. In general, teens will gravitate toward peer groups
with whom they share common interests and activities, similar cultural
backgrounds, or simply a similar outlook on life. Nevertheless, as teens
experiment with their identity, they may be attracted to peer groups
with very different interests.
 In summary, during adolescence, the number of close friendships
decline, but the quality of these relationships becomes more vulnerable,
trusting, and intimate. Meanwhile, the number of casual acquaintances
continues to rise, as youths' social networks expand due to
sophisticated communication technologies, new recreational and social
activities, new educational experiences, and employment.
FAMILY
Role of Family in Adolescent’s Development
Developmental theories view adolescence as a period of growth in
which identity formation is addressed. This view means that the family's
role is lessened or that family has only a limited role in the lives of
young people at this time.
However, research shows that ongoing positive family connections
are protective factors against a range of health risk behaviors. Although
the nature of relationships is changing, the continuity of family
connections and a secure emotional base is crucial for the positive
development of young people.
Family is still important.
It is typical for young people to begin to think for themselves and
question aspects of their lives and family relationships. These changes
may mean times of anger and frustration leveled at the family, but
majority of circumstances proved that these feelings are likely to be
temporary or circumstantial.

Adolescents are moving towards becoming independent physically,

emotionally and cognitively, and yet they are still growing.
Young people require stability in a home or environment, where
they may get a secure emotional base from which to explore and
experience the world. This sense of security provides them with
somewhere to come back to for reassurance, support, and
unconditional love, particularly during tough times.
A young person benefits from expectations of respect,
consideration, and reciprocity in family relationships. They still benefit
from 'trying out' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors within the family
environment, and from observing and experiencing relationships within
families. There will still be times when they fall, yet they will benefit
from understanding and support to pick them up.
Changing role of parents

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 A parent's relationship and caring role with a young person
continues to be vital, although the relationship will need to be flexible to
adapt to the teenager's changing needs. At this time, there will need to
be a gradual change from a more authoritative approach, to a more
collaborative approach.
Parents need to face the (painful) reality that their child is no
longer a child, is becoming independent, and is no longer within their
control. They may feel distressed as they perceive that the young person
will not listen to them, or does the opposite of what they may suggest.
They may have to watch their young person disregard the things
they taught them were necessary, such as ways to look after their
health, or their future goals (as the parent envisaged it).
Parents have to learn to ‘let go,’ not of the relationship, but their
dreams for the young person. This may include their full authority over
young people so that they may allow them to develop their own dreams
and greater self- responsibility.

Activity 2.2. SYMBOL + ACROSTIC POEM

Instruction: Draw a symbol that depicts the lesson discussed. Explain
it by creating an acrostic poem for the word “ADOLESCENT”.
SYMBOL:
Activity 2.4: Enumeration
Who are those people that you think has affected you in your
development as an adolescent? List 2 people (write it in the oval) and
explain why (write your explanation in the box).

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Instructions: Write letter T if the statement is correct. Otherwise, write
F.
_________ 1. Social and emotional maturity is intertwined because an
adolescent’s peers are affected by his/her emotional situations.
_________ 2. Peer pressure is the reason why teens modify their
behavior, activities, etc. just to be accepted in a group.
_________ 3. The role of family, especially parents in adolescent’s
development is to guide them and help them adapt to their changing
needs.
_________ 4. The importance of family to an adolescent becomes less for
they become more independent as they grow older.
_________ 5. Adolescents can easily adapt to the changes in their lives
by themselves for they are more independent than before.

Lesson Ways on how to become Capable and

3 Responsible Adolescent prepared for Adult
Life

Be responsible and make good choices.

Becoming responsible and being able to make good choices are

fundamental traits, no matter what developmental stage you are. It
holds true for adolescents especially that they are just beginning to
internalize and imbibe virtues, values, and other essential qualities.
Instructions: List down all the things you have done that you think can
help you in your adult life.

Music has a big part of a teenager’s life. Music helps teens safely,
explore ideas and emotions, and express themselves without words.
Exposure to positive influences through music can help teens learn
coping mechanisms and appropriate responses to stressful situations.
Music also helps teens connect social groups and gain a feeling of
belonging
Here is a song that encases a person; that time moves faster when
one gets older. So be prepared for it so that you will have an amazing
adult life.
“Time”
by: Pink Floyd

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 Ticking away the moments that make Every year is getting shorter never seem
up a dull day to find the time.
Fritter and waste the hours in an Plans that either come to naught or
offhand way. half a page of scribbled lines
Kicking around on a piece of ground in Hanging on in quiet desperation is the
your home town English way
Waiting for someone or something to The time is gone, the song is over,
show you the way. Thought I'd something more to say.
Tired of lying in the sunshine staying Home
home to watch the rain. Home again
You are young and life is long and there I like to be here
is time to kill today. When I can
And then one day you find ten years When I come home
have got behind you. Cold and tired
No one told you when to run, you missed It's good to warm my bones
the starting gun. Beside the fire
So you run and you run to catch up with Far away
the sun but it's sinking Across the field
Racing around to come up behind you Tolling on the iron bell
again. Calls the faithful to their knees
The sun is the same in a relative way but To hear the softly spoken magic spell
you're older,
Shorter of breath and one day closer to
death.

Instructions: List down all your improved qualities you acquired during
your adolescent life (write it in the rectangle). Explain how it may help
you in preparing for adult life (write it in the hexagon).
Treat “difficulties” as “challenges”
It may not be easy to be a teenager. There may be lots of
things going on in various facets of their lives.

The demands and expectations of their parents and other people

around them can also be stressful. However, the good news is, they can
treat these “difficulties” as “challenges,” which can make their lives
exciting. Having that mindset is also an indication of becoming a
responsible and mentally mature adolescent.

8 simple rules which could help teenagers become a responsible

adolescent prepared for adult life:
1. Focus on your studies and do well in all your endeavors. There is
a time for everything.
2. Take care of your health and hygiene. Healthy body and mind are
important as you journey through adolescence.
3. Establish good communication and relation with your parents or
guardian. Listen to them. Though this may be easier said than
done at this stage, but creating good relationship with them will

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 do you good as they are the ones you can lean on especially in
times of trouble.
4. Think a lot before doing something. Evaluate probable
consequences before acting. Practice self-control and self-
discipline.
5. Choose to do the right thing. There are plenty of situations in
which it is better to use your mind rather than your heart.
6. Do your best to resist temptations, bad acts, and earthly
pleasures and commit to being a responsible adolescent.
7. Respect yourself. You are an adult in the making. Do not let your
teenage hormones get into you. If you respect yourself, others will
respect you too.
8. Be prepared to be answerable or accountable for your actions and
behavior. It is part of growing up in becoming an adult.

Ease the transition from being an adolescent to being an adult by

practicing essential skills while you’re still at home.

While still at home, you can help ease the transition by practicing
essential skills, like proper management of time and money. To manage
time well, always try to be punctual when meeting friends and family,
as this shows respect for their time. To become skilled at managing
your money, start by learning to budget. You can make this easier by
downloading a budget app onto your smartphone. Input all your
expenses and bill payments, to keep track of your spending and
savings. Once you gain confidence with your budgeting and time skills,
gradually work toward becoming independent from your family by
setting goals like getting work.
Instructions: Answer the following questions. Write your answer on the
space provided.
1. Why do you have to make good choices when you are preparing for
adult life?-
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2. What does “Treat difficulties as challenges” mean? Explain.
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3. Explain each of the 8 simple rules which could help teenagers
become a responsible adolescent prepared for adult life.
1) ________________________________________________________________
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2) ________________________________________________________________
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3) ________________________________________________________________
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4) ________________________________________________________________
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5) ________________________________________________________________
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 7) ________________________________________________________________
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8) ________________________________________________________________
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4. How will you ease the transition of being an adolescent into
becoming an adult?
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